WO1998016121A1 - High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed - Google Patents
High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998016121A1 WO1998016121A1 PCT/US1997/017478 US9717478W WO9816121A1 WO 1998016121 A1 WO1998016121 A1 WO 1998016121A1 US 9717478 W US9717478 W US 9717478W WO 9816121 A1 WO9816121 A1 WO 9816121A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- extrudate
- starting mixture
- barrel
- extruder
- fat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish
Definitions
- the present invention is broadly concerned with a method of preparing high protein, high fat sinking aquatic feed products useful in aquatic farming operations for efficient growth of fish. More particularly, the invention pertains to such methods wherein a proteinaceous starting mixture is preconditioned and extruded with a zone of reduced pressure along the length of the extruder barrel for densification of the final extrudate; the method further includes the step of adding fat to the starting material or extrudate so that the final product has a total fat content of from about 10-40% by weight.
- Aquatic farming is increasingly becoming a major industry, especially in light of the increasing consumer demand for fish and fish products.
- salmon are often raised in confined sea water ponds and fed specialized diets designed to maximize growth. It is known that salmon feeds should have a very high fat content for most efficient fish growth.
- an effective feed must have a specific gravity of greater than 1 so that it will sink, and must have appropriate hardness and other qualities which will induce salmon to eat the feed.
- the present invention overcomes the problems outlined above and provides an efficient, high-output process for the production of large diameter, high protein, high fat sinking aquatic feeds with integrity.
- the method involves first providing a starting mixture, including 15-55% by weight protein (more preferably from about 25-45% by weight protein) and at least about 1% by weight starch (most preferably from about 7-15% by weight starch).
- This starting mixture is first preconditioned by adding moisture thereto and subjecting the starting mixture to conditions of elevated temperature and agitation. Thereupon, the preconditioned starting mixture is fed into and through an extruder having an elongated barrel and an elongated, axially rotatable, flighted screw therein with an endmost extrusion die.
- This treatment forms self-sustaining extrudate having a specific gravity of greater than 1.
- a condition of reduced pressure is created within the barrel upstream of the die for densifying the preconditioned starting mixture.
- the overall method involves the step of adding fat to the starting mixture and/or the final extrudate so that the latter has a total fat content of from about 10-40% by weight.
- liquid fat may be added to the starting mixture initially, during preconditioning or during passage through the extruder barrel; also, fat may be applied directly to the extrudate after passage through the extrusion die.
- the method includes the step of measuring a density value of the extrudate emerging from the extruder and adjusting the magnitude of the reduced pressure conditions within the extruder barrel in response to such measurement. Normally, the bulk density of the extrudate would be measured and this data used as a guide for alteration of the pressure conditions within the extruder barrel.
- the starting mixture is subjected to a temperature of from about 75-98 °C (more preferably from about 90-97%) for a period of from about 150-200 seconds (more preferably from about 170-190 seconds).
- the purpose of preconditioning is to initially moisturize and partially cook the starting material prior to entrance thereof into the extruder barrel.
- the material leaving the preconditioner has a moisture content of from about 20-60% by weight, and more preferably from about 21-23% by weight.
- the preconditioned starting material is subjected to conditions of elevated heat, pressure and shear.
- the temperature conditions in the barrel are such as to achieve a maximum temperature of from about 50-95 °C, and more preferably from about 65-80 °F.
- Normal maximum pressure conditions are from about 100-500 psi, and more preferably from about 150-300 psi.
- the preferred temperature profile within the extruder barrel is such that the preconditioned starting material is heated to a temperature maximum just prior to reaching the zone of reduced pressure. Thereafter, the temperature of the material is generally reduced and the region of the barrel downstream from the reduced pressure zone is a forming region where the material is compacted prior to ultimate extrusion.
- the reduced pressure zone of the extruder barrel is normally created by drawing a partial vacuum therein.
- Such partial vacuum typically has a magnitude of from about
- the extrudate may be dried using any convenient means such as a multiple-pass dryer/cooler.
- the moisture content of the extrudate as it emerges from the die is normally from about 25-32% by weight, and more preferably from about 27-29% by weight.
- the method of the invention preferably involves the step of measuring a density value of extrudate and adjusting the magnitude of the reduced pressure conditions within the barrel in response to such measurement(s).
- this technique is not limited to the production of high protein, high fat extrudates, but can be used to good effect in a wide variety of extrusion technologies where density control is considered important.
- this aspect of the invention involves providing a starting mixture for extrusion which is subsequently passed into and through an extruder and extrusion die while creating a condition of reduced pressure at a zone along the length and within the barrel upstream of the die.
- the density value (preferably bulk density) of the extrudate is used as a guide to adjust the reduced pressure conditions within the barrel zone.
- the preferred equipment used in carrying out the invention includes an extrusion system 10 broadly comprising a preconditioner 12, and a 5 -head extruder 14 equipped with a mid-barrel vent/vacuum device 16.
- the overall system 10 includes density valve measuring apparatus 18 operably coupled with a microprocessor controller 20, the latter operating a motor 22 in turn coupled with vacuum pump 24; as shown, the vacuum pump 42 is operably connected with the device 16.
- the preconditioner 12 is a Wenger DDC preconditioner (Wenger Manufacturing, Inc., Sabetha, KS) of the type described in U.S. Patent No.
- preconditioner 12 The purpose of preconditioner 12 is to moisten and initially cook to a limited degree the starting dry ingredients, as is well understood in the art.
- fish oil may be injected into the preconditioner and mixed with the dry ingredients together with water and steam. As shown, the outlet of the preconditioner feeds directly to the inlet of extruder 14.
- extruder 14 is a Wenger TX85 twin screw extruder including a total of five interconnected tubular heads 26-34 defining an elongated, tubular barrel 36, as well as a pair of intermeshing, axially rotatable, powered flighted screws (not shown) within the barrel 36.
- the extruder is of the type described in U.S. Patent No.4,875, 847, incorporated by reference herein.
- the extruder 14 includes inlet head 26 having an upright material inlet 38 operatively coupled with the outlet of preconditioner 12.
- the third head 30 is apertured and supports device 16.
- Outlet head 34 is equipped with a multi-orifice die 40 as shown.
- the heads 28-34 are equipped with external jackets for the circulation of heating or cooling media; moreover, these heads are also provided with ports for the direct injection of steam and/or moisture into the extruder barrel.
- extrusion apparatus In use, the flighted auger screws within barrel 36 are rotated in order to transport incoming preconditioned material from inlet 38 to and through the restricted orifices of die 40. During such movement, the material is subjected to increasing levels of temperature, pressure and shear in order to cook the product to the desired extent and form the extrudate into a desired shape.
- extrusion apparatus of this type is also normally equipped with rotating knife structure (not shown) adjacent die 40 which serves to subdivided the extrudate emerging from the die orifices.
- the device 16 is a vent/vacuum apparatus adapted for drawing gas from the extruder barrel 36 during operation of extruder 14.
- the device 16 is fully described in U.S. Patent No. 4,763,569, incorporated by reference herein. Briefly, however, the device 16 includes an upright housing 42 including a lowermost cylindrical portion 44 operably secured to head 30, as well as an upper conical portion 46. When mounted on head 30, the interior 48 of housing 42 is in communication with the interior of barrel 36.
- the overall device 16 further includes an upright internal screw 50 within housing 42.
- the screw 50 is flighted and serve to substantially prevent entrance of solid material from barrel 36 into the housing interior.
- the screw 50 is axially rotatable by means of motor 52 and right angle drive 54.
- a gas outlet pipe 56 extends through the top of housing 42 as shown, and communicated with the interior 48 of the housing.
- the pipe 56 may be directly vented to the atmosphere, or in preferred forms, is connected to vacuum pump 24, the latter being operated through the medium of motor 22.
- Density measuring apparatus 18 is of conventional construction, and operates to allow essentially continuous or selective measurement of the bulk density of the subdivided extrudate from die 40. Such bulk density data can then be used in a feedback loop manner to increase or decrease the magnitude of the vacuum applied to the extruder barrel 36 via device 16. That is, if the bulk density is too low, the vacuum level may be increased; alternately, if the measured bulk density is too high, the level of vacuum may be decreased.
- controller 20 is of conventional design and operation, and may be a part of a more sophisticated microprocessor control system associated with the overall operation of system 10. In any case, it will be understood that provision of apparatus
- controller 20 allows selective control of the vacuum applied to barrel 36 in response to variations in the bulk density of the product emerging from the extruder.
- the overall system 10 would also normally include a conventional dryer serving to dry the extrudate down to an acceptable moisture level for extended storage and use.
- a multiple-pass Wenger dryer can be employed to good effect.
- the equipment may include coating apparatus for external coating of the extrudate with liquid fat.
- Table 1 sets forth the preconditioner, extruder and die and knife configurations employed in carrying out the tests of this Example. In all cases, the parts numbers employed are Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. parts numbers for the respective pieces of equipment. Table 1
- Table 3 sets forth the equipment and recipes used, as well as the recorded preconditioning, extrusion and final product information for Runs #1-6.
- CW refers to the fact that cold water was circulated through the jackets of the extruder barrel heads for cooling purposes; and the mid-barrel vacuum data refers to the magnitude of the vacuum drawn through the device 16 referred to above.
- fish oil (sardine oil) was injected into the starting ingredients during preconditioning, at the rates described.
- recipe #4 was used (with 30% total internal fat), using the above preconditioner configuration, extruder configuration #2 and die and knife configuration #4.
- the mid-barrel vacuum device was maintained at 10 inches Hg but as above for a short period the vacuum was turned off.
- the resultant products from the vacuum-off stage exhibited 91.15% by weight fines, while the vacuum-on products had only 19.05% by weight fines.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU46022/97A AU4602297A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1997-09-30 | High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed |
EP97944553A EP0942659A4 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1997-09-30 | High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed |
JP10518378A JP2001502176A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1997-09-30 | High protein, high fat water-sedimentable bait molded article |
NO991795A NO991795L (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1999-04-15 | High protein extruded sinking aquaculture for high fat content |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/733,118 | 1996-10-16 | ||
US08/733,118 US5783240A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-10-16 | Method of producing high protein, high fat sinking aquatic feed |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998016121A1 true WO1998016121A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
Family
ID=24946317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1997/017478 WO1998016121A1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1997-09-30 | High protein, high fat extruded sinking aquatic feed |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5783240A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0942659A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001502176A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20000049143A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1233153A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4602297A (en) |
NO (1) | NO991795L (en) |
TW (2) | TW200307509A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998016121A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0888860A2 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-01-07 | Ralston Purina Company | Extruder with variable restriction element and method of use |
US6001767A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-12-14 | Witco Corporation | Heteropoly acid peroxide promoter |
WO2000057718A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-10-05 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
WO2002024000A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | Method and plant for producing feed pellets |
WO2003079809A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-02 | Biomar Group | Feed pellets and a method for manufacture of said pellets |
DE102005010315A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Bühler AG | Process and installation for the production of starch, fat or protein based food or feed with a defined bulk density |
WO2009076135A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Solae, Llc | Organic protein extrudates and preparation thereof |
WO2010151140A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | Trouw International B.V. | Feed block and method and apparatus for manufacturing of the feed block |
US8114454B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2012-02-14 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pet food composition and method |
EP1608231B1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2012-10-10 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pet food composition and method |
WO2013110449A1 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Pellets comprising starch and protein, process therefor and use thereof |
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CA2334141C (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2010-07-20 | Sprout-Matador A/S | A method and apparatus for extrusion of expanding water holding products such as foodstuff particles or feeding stuff pellets |
NZ510462A (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2003-07-25 | Bio Technology Res & Dev Corp | Method of making biodegradable polymer compositions |
DK1027836T3 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2006-11-13 | Deuka Deutsche Tiernahrung Gmb | Method and apparatus for producing intermediate and mixed animal feed products |
US7037959B1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2006-05-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Agriculture | Biodegradable polymer compositions methods for making same and articles therefrom |
DE19926932A1 (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2000-12-21 | Baensch Tetra Werke | Energy-rich food flakes for fish and invertebrates, as well as manufacturing processes |
BR0006450A (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-07-23 | Circuit Tree Medical Inc | Control circuit, tissue cutting device and method for driving a transducer |
KR20010025371A (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2001-04-06 | 김선철 | Buyer oriented electronic commerce method and system |
FR2821525B1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-06-25 | Clextral | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE CONTINUOUS PREPARATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE FORM OF EXPANDABLE PELLETS |
US6609819B2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2003-08-26 | Wenger Mfg | Twin screw extruder with conical non-parallel converging screws |
US7052712B2 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2006-05-30 | Rubicon Scientific Llc | Animal feeds including actives and methods of preparing same |
US20030170371A1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-09-11 | Cargill, Inc. | High fat/fiber composition |
US7481645B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2009-01-27 | Biosphere Industries, Llc | Method for use in baking articles of manufacture and mold for use in said method |
US8382888B2 (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2013-02-26 | Biosphere Industries, Llc | Composition for use in edible biodegradable articles and method of use |
US8087921B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2012-01-03 | Biosphere Holdings Corporation | Extrusion mold and method of use |
CN101374900B (en) | 2003-08-27 | 2012-10-10 | 生物圈工业有限公司 | Composition for use in biodegradable articles and method of use |
NO319624B1 (en) | 2003-09-15 | 2005-09-05 | Trouw Internat Bv | Fish feed for salmonids in fresh water and use of such feed. |
MXPA04012039A (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-06 | Simon Sacal Mizrahi | Method for the production of non-fried snacks which are integrally flavoured. |
FR2912602B1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2009-05-15 | Clextral Soc Par Actions Simpl | PROCESS AND PLANT FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF EXPANDED FOOD PRODUCT |
TW200904365A (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-02-01 | Biosphere Ind Llc | Biodegradable and compostable composition having improved physical and chemical properties |
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MX339495B (en) | 2009-06-24 | 2016-05-26 | Land O Lakes Purina Feed Llc | High fat feed particles. |
US7794134B1 (en) | 2010-02-24 | 2010-09-14 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Method of preconditioner control with reduced or zero waste |
US7883263B1 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2011-02-08 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Preconditioner for extrusion systems |
US8322272B1 (en) | 2011-10-18 | 2012-12-04 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Method for positive feeding of preconditioned material into a twin screw extruder |
CN104938778B (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2019-10-29 | 瑞基海洋生物科技股份有限公司 | Aquatic animal feed |
US20160066600A1 (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-10 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Method and System for Producing Aquaculture Feed |
US10244777B2 (en) | 2015-05-16 | 2019-04-02 | Big Heart Pet, Inc. | Palatable expanded food products and methods of manufacture thereof |
WO2023122710A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Can Technologies, Inc. | Extruder including ventilation stuffer |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE3306027A1 (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-08-23 | Edmund 8901 Wehringen Müller | Feedstuff base and foodstuff base for aquatic animals and process for production thereof |
US4741904A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1988-05-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Long life semi-artificial water borne feed |
US4981711A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-01-01 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Texturized sinking food for marine life |
Family Cites Families (3)
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WO1995003711A1 (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1995-02-09 | Extru-Tech, Inc. | Product densification system and method for producing densified feed products |
US5480673A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1996-01-02 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Extruded high soluble protein animal feed and method of preparing same |
US5637333A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1997-06-10 | Wenger Manufacturing Co. Inc. | Sea urchin feed and method of producing same |
-
1996
- 1996-10-16 US US08/733,118 patent/US5783240A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-30 WO PCT/US1997/017478 patent/WO1998016121A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-30 KR KR1019990703232A patent/KR20000049143A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-30 EP EP97944553A patent/EP0942659A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-30 JP JP10518378A patent/JP2001502176A/en active Pending
- 1997-09-30 AU AU46022/97A patent/AU4602297A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-30 CN CN97198824A patent/CN1233153A/en active Pending
- 1997-10-09 TW TW092122359A patent/TW200307509A/en unknown
- 1997-10-09 TW TW086114831A patent/TW555532B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-04-15 NO NO991795A patent/NO991795L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3306027A1 (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-08-23 | Edmund 8901 Wehringen Müller | Feedstuff base and foodstuff base for aquatic animals and process for production thereof |
US4741904A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1988-05-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Long life semi-artificial water borne feed |
US4981711A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1991-01-01 | Wenger Manufacturing, Inc. | Texturized sinking food for marine life |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6261081B1 (en) | 1997-07-02 | 2001-07-17 | Ralston Purina Company | Extruder with variable restriction element |
EP0888860A2 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-01-07 | Ralston Purina Company | Extruder with variable restriction element and method of use |
EP0888860A3 (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 2001-02-07 | Ralston Purina Company | Extruder with variable restriction element and method of use |
US6001767A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-12-14 | Witco Corporation | Heteropoly acid peroxide promoter |
AU770697B2 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-02-26 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
JP2002539806A (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2002-11-26 | ヌトレコ・アクアカルチャー・リサーチ・センター・エーエス | Method for producing solid feed and plant used for carrying out this method |
WO2000057718A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-10-05 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | A method of manufacturing feed pellets and plant for use in the implementation of the method |
US7001636B1 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 2006-02-21 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | Method for manufacturing feed pellets and a plant for use in the implementation of the method |
WO2002024000A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-28 | Nutreco Aquaculture Research Centre As | Method and plant for producing feed pellets |
WO2003079809A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-10-02 | Biomar Group | Feed pellets and a method for manufacture of said pellets |
EP1608231B1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2012-10-10 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pet food composition and method |
US8114454B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2012-02-14 | Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. | Pet food composition and method |
DE102005010315A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2006-09-07 | Bühler AG | Process and installation for the production of starch, fat or protein based food or feed with a defined bulk density |
WO2009076135A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Solae, Llc | Organic protein extrudates and preparation thereof |
WO2010151140A1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2010-12-29 | Trouw International B.V. | Feed block and method and apparatus for manufacturing of the feed block |
CN102802435A (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2012-11-28 | 特劳夫国际私人有限公司 | Feed block and method and apparatus for manufacturing of the feed block |
CN102802435B (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2015-04-08 | 特劳夫国际私人有限公司 | Feed block and method and apparatus for manufacturing of the feed block |
NO340652B1 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2017-05-22 | Trouw Int Bv | Feed block and method of preparation of feed block |
WO2013110449A1 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-01 | Cargill, Incorporated | Pellets comprising starch and protein, process therefor and use thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO991795L (en) | 1999-06-02 |
EP0942659A1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
TW200307509A (en) | 2003-12-16 |
JP2001502176A (en) | 2001-02-20 |
KR20000049143A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
TW555532B (en) | 2003-10-01 |
NO991795D0 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
US5783240A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
AU4602297A (en) | 1998-05-11 |
CN1233153A (en) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0942659A4 (en) | 2000-07-19 |
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