WO1998028115A1 - Method and device for compressing and smoothing surfaces of work pieces made of wood or similar - Google Patents

Method and device for compressing and smoothing surfaces of work pieces made of wood or similar Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998028115A1
WO1998028115A1 PCT/EP1997/007129 EP9707129W WO9828115A1 WO 1998028115 A1 WO1998028115 A1 WO 1998028115A1 EP 9707129 W EP9707129 W EP 9707129W WO 9828115 A1 WO9828115 A1 WO 9828115A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wood
tool
smoothing
work pieces
compressing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/007129
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Kempkensteffen
Original Assignee
Ima Montagetechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ima Montagetechnik Gmbh filed Critical Ima Montagetechnik Gmbh
Publication of WO1998028115A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998028115A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/003—Mechanical surface treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/02—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by compressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/0093—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of raised panels, i.e. panels having a profiled surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device of the type specified in the generic terms of claims 1 and 3.
  • the surface quality plays a major role, especially for furniture parts and workpieces for interior work, which consist of wood or wood-like materials. This applies especially to workpieces in which the surfaces in question are to be painted immediately, i.e. without an intermediate coating.
  • MDF panels are primarily used, which are so smooth and compacted on the tops by the manufacturing process that a varnish is applied directly to them can.
  • considerable difficulties are encountered when profiled decorative grooves or edged decorative profiles are milled into such panels because the exciting machining causes surface defects that have different causes.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device of the generic type in which the compression and smoothing effect can be achieved with lower mechanical forces and higher feed rates.
  • This object is achieved in a method of the generic type by the characterizing features of patent claim 1 and in a device of the generic type by the characterizing features of patent claim 3.
  • a "fixed" movable tool is used for the loading of the workpiece cut surfaces, the oscillation of which leads to friction upon contact with the workpiece surface, which causes sufficient local heating of the contact surface. This allows both a rotation of the tool as well as its heating.
  • the vibration acting on the tool is preferably in the ultrasonic range and thus has a frequency that is greater than 20 kHz.
  • the vibration amplitude can be optimally adapted to the respective application in order to achieve the desired degree of compaction and smoothing on the material surface in question.
  • the drawing schematically shows a device for ultrasonic smoothing and compacting.
  • a plate-shaped workpiece 1 which mainly consists of an MDF material.
  • a profiled groove 2 is milled parallel to the workpiece edge at a distance therefrom into the upper side of the workpiece 1, which later serves as the visible side, the flanks and base of which has a certain ripple and roughness compared to the unprocessed top of the workpiece 1.
  • the sonotrode 3 which is connected to an ultrasound generator 5 via a coupling rod 4. Seen at least in cross-section, the sonotrode 3 has an outline shape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the profiled groove 2 of the workpiece 1.
  • the sonotrode 3 expediently has the shape of a rotating body, at least in the engagement area, so that the sonotrode 3 can also follow curves or avoid corners in the course of the profile groove 2.

Abstract

For compressing and smoothing surfaces of work pieces (1) made of wood, or of wood-like work pieces, in particular surfaces of work pieces of medium density fibre material (MDF material) which have been machined, a non-cutting tool is used which is guided along the surface (2) that is to be smoothed. In order to achieve the compressing and smoothing effect with low mechanical force and high rate of feed, this tool (3) is subjected to high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillation, preferably with ultrasound.

Description

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM VERDICHTEN UND GLATTEN VON OBERFLÄCHEN AN WERKSTÜCKEN AUS HOLZ ODER DERGLEICHENMETHOD AND DEVICE FOR COMPRESSING AND SMOOTHING SURFACES ON WORKPIECES OF WOOD OR THE LIKE
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der in den Gattungsbegriffen der Patentansprüche 1 und 3 näher bezeichneten Art.The invention relates to a method and a device of the type specified in the generic terms of claims 1 and 3.
STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART
Insbesondere bei Möbelteilen und bei Werkstücken für den Innenausbau, die aus Holz oder holzartigen Werkstoffen bestehen, spielt die Oberflächenqualität eine erhebliche Rol- le. Dies gilt vor allem für solche Werkstücke, bei denen die betreffenden Oberflächen unmittelbar, also ohne eine Zwischenbeschichtung, lackiert werden sollen. Für hochwertige Möbelteile im Sichtbereich, wie frontseitige Türen, Klappen, Schubkastenfronten und dergleichen, die mit einer Lackierung versehen werden, verwendet man vornehmlich MDF- Platten, die durch den Herstellungsprozeß an ihren Oberseiten so glatt und verdichtet sind, daß hierauf unmittelbar eine Lackierung aufgetragen werden kann. Man stößt jedoch auf erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, wenn in solche Platten pro- filierte Ziernuten oder randliche Zierprofile eingefräst werden, weil durch die spannehmende Bearbeitung Oberflächenfehler bedingt sind, die unterschiedliche Ursachen haben. Zum einen kann es sich um werkzeugbedingte Rattermarken handeln und zum anderen ist das Gefüge einer MDF-Platte im Innern weniger verdichtet, weswegen auch hierdurch Rauhigkeiten an den Schnittflächen auftreten. Es ist bekannt, die spannehmend bearbeiteten Oberflächen solcher Werkstücke mit feinkörnigen Schleifmitteln zu bearbeiten, um eine für die Lackierung akzeptable Oberflächengüte zu erzielen. Hierfür sind besondere Schleifmaschinen oder Geräte erforderlich, die mit einer aufwendigen Absaugtechnik versehen werden müssen, um umweltschädliche Emissionen zu vermeiden.The surface quality plays a major role, especially for furniture parts and workpieces for interior work, which consist of wood or wood-like materials. This applies especially to workpieces in which the surfaces in question are to be painted immediately, i.e. without an intermediate coating. For high-quality furniture parts in the visible area, such as front doors, flaps, drawer fronts and the like, which are provided with a varnish, MDF panels are primarily used, which are so smooth and compacted on the tops by the manufacturing process that a varnish is applied directly to them can. However, considerable difficulties are encountered when profiled decorative grooves or edged decorative profiles are milled into such panels because the exciting machining causes surface defects that have different causes. On the one hand, there can be tool-related chatter marks and, on the other hand, the structure of an MDF board is less compressed inside, which is why roughness also occurs on the cut surfaces. It is known to process the exciting machined surfaces of such workpieces with fine-grained abrasives in order to achieve a surface quality that is acceptable for painting. This requires special grinding machines or devices that have to be equipped with complex extraction technology in order to avoid environmentally harmful emissions.
Man hat deshalb auch schon staubfreie Feinbearbeitungsver- fahren entwickelt, die sich bislang in der holzbearbeitenden Industrie jedoch nicht durchsetzen konnten. Bei Verfahren und Vorrichtungen der gattungsbildenden Art übt man mittels dem auf den angeschnittenen Werkstückoberflächen entlanggeführten Werkzeug Druck und Wärme auf den Werkstoff im Schnittflächenbereich aus, womit eine Gefügeverdichtung bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung der Rauhigkeit erfolgt. Man geht davon aus, daß die bei der spannehmenden Bearbeitung sich aufrichtenden Fasern des holzartigen Materials im Schnittflächenbereich dauerhaft verklebt werden, dadurch wird zugleich in erwünschter Weise die Saugfähigkeit der bearbeiteten Werkstückoberfläche vermindert, was für eine nachfolgende Lackierung vorteilhaft ist. Für einen derartigen Verdichtungs- und Glättprozeß benutzt man ein schneidenloses, rotierendes Werkzeug, welches gegebenenfalls noch beheizbar ist. Es handelt sich um ein Formwerkzeug, welches die gleiche Umrißkontur wie diejenige des zuvor eingesetzten, spannehmenden Fräsers hat, womit profilierte Oberflächenkonturen genau nachgefahren werden können. Dies geschieht in der gleichen, meist NC-gesteuerten Bearbeitungs- maschine, womit für die Nachbearbeitung das gleiche Programm verwendet werden kann, was auch für den Fräsvorgang benötigt wird. Allerdings fährt man hier mit erheblich re- duzierten Drehzahlen des rotierenden Glättwerkzeugs in der Größenordnung von 200 min-1, wobei durch eine entsprechende Zustellung ein starker Druck auf die abzufahrende Werkstückschnittfläche ausgeübt wird, der im kN-Bereich liegt. Damit müssen für die Nachbearbeitung von der betreffenden Maschine Prozeßkräfte übernommen werden, die erheblich über denen der Zerspanungskräfte liegen. Grundsätzlich sind herkömmliche Holzbearbeitungsmaschinen für solch hohe Belastungen nicht ausgelegt. Außerdem lassen sich unter den ge- nannten Bedingungen mit dem rotierenden Glättewerkzeug nur geringe Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten realisieren, selbst unter optimalen Bedingungen werden hiermit maximal 3 m/min erreicht .That is why dust-free finishing processes have already been developed, which have so far not been successful in the woodworking industry. In methods and devices of the generic type, pressure and heat are exerted on the material in the area of the cut surface by means of the tool guided along the cut workpiece surfaces, which results in a structural compaction with simultaneous reduction of the roughness. It is assumed that the fibers of the wood-like material that straighten up during the exciting processing are permanently bonded in the area of the cut surface, thereby at the same time desirably reducing the absorbency of the machined workpiece surface, which is advantageous for subsequent painting. For a compression and smoothing process of this type, a cuttingless, rotating tool is used, which can also be heated if necessary. It is a molding tool which has the same contour as that of the previously used, milling cutter, with which profiled surface contours can be precisely traced. This is done in the same, mostly NC-controlled processing machine, which means that the same program can be used for post-processing, which is also required for the milling process. However, one drives here with considerably reduced speeds of the rotating smoothing tool in the order of magnitude of 200 min -1 , with a corresponding infeed exerting strong pressure on the workpiece cutting surface to be traversed, which lies in the kN range. This means that process forces which are considerably higher than those of the cutting forces must be taken over by the machine in question for post-processing. In general, conventional woodworking machines are not designed for such high loads. In addition, only low feed speeds can be achieved with the rotating smoothing tool under the conditions mentioned, even under optimal conditions a maximum of 3 m / min can be achieved.
DIE ERFINDUNGTHE INVENTION
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, bei denen der Verdichtungs- und Glättungseffekt mit gerin- geren mechanischen Kräften und höheren Vorschubgeschwindigkeiten erlangt werden kann. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der gattungsbildenden Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und bei einer Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 3 gelöst.The invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device of the generic type in which the compression and smoothing effect can be achieved with lower mechanical forces and higher feed rates. This object is achieved in a method of the generic type by the characterizing features of patent claim 1 and in a device of the generic type by the characterizing features of patent claim 3.
Für die Erfindung ist wesentlich, daß für die Beaufschlagung der Werkstückschnittflächen ein "feststehend" verfahrbares Werkzeug zum Einsatz kommt, dessen Schwingen bei Be- rührung mit der Werkstückoberflächen zu Friktionen führt, die eine genügende lokale Aufheizung der Kontaktfläche bewirken. Damit kann sowohl auf eine Rotation des Werkzeugs als auch auf dessen Beheizung verzichtet werden. Vorzugsweise liegt die das Werkzeug beaufschlagende Schwingung im Ultraschallbereich und hat damit eine Frequenz, die größer als 20 KHz ist. Mittels eines geeigneten Ultraschallprozes- sors kann eine optimale Anpassung der Schwingungsamplitude an den jeweiligen Einsatzfall vorgenommen werden, um den gewünschten Verdichtungs- und Glättgrad an der betreffenden Werkstoffoberfläche zu erzielen. Ohnehin liegen bei solch hochfrequenten Schwingungen die Amplituden im mikroskopi- sehen Bereich, trotzdem können erhebliche Leistungen mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad übertragen werden, die sich vom Wattbereich bis zum Kilowattbereich erstrecken. Damit sind Glatt- und Verdichtungswerte mit einem geringen maschinellen Kraftaufwand erreichbar, wie sie sonst nur unter Auf- wendung weit höherer Drücke mit rotierenden oder beheizten Glättewerkzeugen im Wege des Reibglättens erzielbar sind.It is essential for the invention that a "fixed" movable tool is used for the loading of the workpiece cut surfaces, the oscillation of which leads to friction upon contact with the workpiece surface, which causes sufficient local heating of the contact surface. This allows both a rotation of the tool as well as its heating. The vibration acting on the tool is preferably in the ultrasonic range and thus has a frequency that is greater than 20 kHz. Using a suitable ultrasound processor, the vibration amplitude can be optimally adapted to the respective application in order to achieve the desired degree of compaction and smoothing on the material surface in question. In any case, with such high-frequency vibrations, the amplitudes are in the microscopic range, nevertheless considerable power can be transmitted with a high degree of efficiency, which extends from the watt range to the kilowatt range. Smoothness and compaction values can thus be achieved with little mechanical effort, which can otherwise only be achieved with the use of far higher pressures with rotating or heated smoothing tools by means of friction smoothing.
Kurzbeschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung noch näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung zum Ultraschallglätten und -verdichten.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. The drawing schematically shows a device for ultrasonic smoothing and compacting.
BESTER WEG ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGBEST WAY TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION
Im einzelnen erkennt man in der Zeichnung ein plattenförmi- ges Werkstück 1, welches vornehmlich aus einem MDF-Material besteht. Wie es bei Möbelfrontteilen oft verlangt wird, ist parallel dem Werkstückrand mit Abstand davon eine profi- lierte Nut 2 in die später als Sichtseite dienende Oberseite des Werkstücks 1 eingefräst, deren Flanken und Grund ge- genüber der unbearbeiteten Oberseite des Werkstücks 1 eine gewisse Welligkeit und Rauhigkeit aufweist.In detail, one can see in the drawing a plate-shaped workpiece 1, which mainly consists of an MDF material. As is often required in the case of furniture front parts, a profiled groove 2 is milled parallel to the workpiece edge at a distance therefrom into the upper side of the workpiece 1, which later serves as the visible side, the flanks and base of which has a certain ripple and roughness compared to the unprocessed top of the workpiece 1.
Diese Unregelmäßigkeiten an den Schnittflächen der profi- lierten Nut 2 des Werkstücks 1 werden mittels einer Sonotrode 3 geglättet, die über einen Kopplungsstab 4 mit einem Ultraschallgenerator 5 verbunden ist. Zumindest im Querschnitt gesehen, hat die Sonotrode 3 eine Umrißform, die der Querschnittsgestalt der profilierten Nut 2 des Werkstücks 1 entspricht. Zweckmäßig hat die Sonotrode 3 zumindest im Eingriffsbereich die Gestalt eines Rotationskörpers, damit von der Sonotrode 3 auch Kurven nachgefahren oder Ecken im Verlauf der Profilnut 2 umfahren werden können. These irregularities on the cut surfaces of the profiled groove 2 of the workpiece 1 are smoothed by means of a sonotrode 3, which is connected to an ultrasound generator 5 via a coupling rod 4. Seen at least in cross-section, the sonotrode 3 has an outline shape that corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the profiled groove 2 of the workpiece 1. The sonotrode 3 expediently has the shape of a rotating body, at least in the engagement area, so that the sonotrode 3 can also follow curves or avoid corners in the course of the profile groove 2.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zum Verdichten und Glätten von Oberflächen an Werkstücken aus Holz oder holzartigen Werkstoffen, wie insbesondere spannehmend bearbeiteter Oberflächen von Werkstücken aus mitteldichtem Fasermaterial (MDF-Mate- rial), mittels eines darauf entlanggeführten, spanlos arbeitenden Werkzeugs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Werkzeug mit einer hochfrequenten Schwingung mit kleiner Amplitude beaufschlagt wird.1. A method for compacting and smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood or wood-like materials, such as in particular machined surfaces of workpieces made of medium-density fiber material (MDF material), by means of a tool that runs along it without cutting, characterized in that the tool is subjected to a high-frequency vibration with a small amplitude.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die das Werkzeug beaufschlagende Schwingung im Ultraschallbereich liegt und eine Frequenz größer 20 KHz hat.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibration acting on the tool is in the ultrasonic range and has a frequency greater than 20 kHz.
3. Vorrichtung zum Verdichten und Glätten von Oberflächen an Werkstücken aus Holz oder holzartigen Werkstoffen, wie insbesondere spannehmend bearbeiteter Oberflächen von Werkstücken aus mitteldichtem Faser-Material (MDF- Material) mit einem darauf entlanggeführten, spanlos arbeitenden Werkzeug, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Werkzeug eine mit einem Ultraschallgenerator (5) verbundene Sonotrode (3) ist. 3. Device for compacting and smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood or wood-like materials, such as particularly machined surfaces of workpieces made of medium-density fiber material (MDF material) with a chipless tool running along it, characterized in that the tool a with an ultrasound generator (5) connected sonotrode (3).
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sonotrode (3) eine formschlüssig an die abzufahrende Kontur der Werkstückoberfläche, wie die Kontur ei- ner profilierten Nut (2), angepaßte Umrißform hat. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sonotrode (3) has a form-fitting shape adapted to the contour of the workpiece surface to be traversed, such as the contour of a profiled groove (2).
PCT/EP1997/007129 1996-12-20 1997-12-18 Method and device for compressing and smoothing surfaces of work pieces made of wood or similar WO1998028115A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1996153317 DE19653317C2 (en) 1996-12-20 1996-12-20 Method and device for compacting and smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood or the like
DE19653317.1 1996-12-20

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WO1998028115A1 true WO1998028115A1 (en) 1998-07-02

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WO2000013865A2 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 An Sun Tae A method and apparatus for increasing the hardness intensity of wood

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DE19847178C2 (en) * 1998-10-14 2003-05-22 Ihd Inst Fuer Holztechnologie Device for smoothing surfaces on workpieces made of wood and wood-based materials
DE19945346C1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2000-12-14 Lothar Tank Process of thermal friction smoothing of surfaces of MDF, plastic or other material boards by passing rotating tool over board surface while externally heating the board and tool
DE10243415A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-04-01 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd. Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces
DE10256125B4 (en) * 2002-11-29 2006-06-01 Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH Method and apparatus for smoothing and compacting the surface of pencils or the like
DK177227B1 (en) 2008-07-10 2012-07-23 Si Holding Aulum Aps Process for edge treatment on items made of MDF material
DE102009056441B4 (en) * 2009-12-02 2014-04-30 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Og Method for producing panels, in particular floor panels

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US3635609A (en) * 1968-07-26 1972-01-18 Cavitron Corp Apparatus for embossing of materials with high-frequency vibrations
FR2178488A5 (en) * 1972-03-31 1973-11-09 Nicolas Jean
US5171387A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-12-15 Sonokinetics Group Ultrasonic comb horn and methods for using same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000013865A2 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-03-16 An Sun Tae A method and apparatus for increasing the hardness intensity of wood
WO2000013865A3 (en) * 1998-09-09 2000-10-26 An Sun Tae A method and apparatus for increasing the hardness intensity of wood

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DE19653317A1 (en) 1998-06-25
DE19653317C2 (en) 1999-01-21

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