WO1998042211A2 - Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism - Google Patents
Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998042211A2 WO1998042211A2 PCT/US1998/005646 US9805646W WO9842211A2 WO 1998042211 A2 WO1998042211 A2 WO 1998042211A2 US 9805646 W US9805646 W US 9805646W WO 9842211 A2 WO9842211 A2 WO 9842211A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- supplement
- nutritional
- chromium
- source
- vanadate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to nutritional supplements and methods of using them. More particularly, the present invention relates to a nutritional supplements which assist in the metabolism of glucose.
- Diabetes mellitus is caused in almost all instances by diminished rates of secretion of insulin by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Diabetes is usually divided into two different types: juvenile diabetes that usually, but not always, begins in early life, and maturity-onset diabetes that usually, but not always, begins in later life and mainly in obese persons.
- Maturity-onset type of diabetes is likely to occur in those with a family history of diabetes and is characterized by blurred vision, itching, unusual thirst, drowsiness, obesity, fatigue, skin infections, slow healing, and tingling or numbness in the feet. Onset of symptoms is usually later in life. The maturity-onset type of diabetes seems to result from degeneration or suppression of the beta cells as a result of more rapid aging in susceptible persons than in others.
- Most of the pathology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to one of three major effects of insulin lack.
- low levels of insulin cause a decrease in the utilization of glucose by the body cells with a resultant increase in blood glucose concentration to as high as 300 to 122 mg/dl.
- insulin lack causes a markedly increased mobilization of fats from the fat storage areas, resulting in abnormal fat metabolism as well as deposition of lipids in vascular walls to cause atherosclerosis.
- insulin lack can result in a depletion of protein in the tissues of the body.
- Typical treatment of diabetes mellitus including full-blown cases of maturity-onset diabetes, involves administering enough insulin so that the patient will have as nearly normal carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism as possible.
- Optimal therapy can prevent most acute effects of diabetes and greatly delay the chronic effects as well.
- Insulin is available in several different forms. Regular insulin has a duration of action lasting from 3 to 8 hours, whereas other forms of insulin are absorbed slowly from the injection site and therefore have effects that last as long as 10 to 48 hours. Ordinarily, the severely diabetic patient is given a single dose of a longer-acting insulin each day to increase overall carbohydrate metabolism throughout the day. Then additional quantities of regular insulin are given at those times of the day when the flood glucose level tends to rise too high, such as at meal times. Thus, each patient is established on an individualized pattern of treatment.
- compositions and methods for enhancing glucose metabolism in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes and thereby reduce or prevent the necessity of using insulin. It would be desirable if this composition and method were convenient to administer and cost less than insulin so that it could be easily afforded by individuals with low incomes who have no insurance coverage. It would also be desirable if such a composition could be purchased over the counter, thereby making it more widely available to individuals at high risk of maturity-onset diabetes.
- the present invention provides a nutritional system for improving glucose metabolism, comprising a first supplement comprising a source of vanadate and a source of chromium and a second supplement comprising Gymnema sylvestre and lipoic acid.
- Gymnema sylvestre is provided as an extract from Gymnema sylvestre leaves.
- the preferred source of vanadate is vanadyl sulfate and the preferred source of chromium is selected from the group consisting of chromium picolinate, chromium glucose tolerance factor, and mixtures thereof.
- the source of chromium may comprise both chromium picolinate and chromium glucose tolerance factor. It may be desirable for the first supplement to further comprises L-carnitine.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a nutritional system for improving glucose metabolism, comprising a first supplement comprising a source of vanadate and a second supplement comprising a component selected from the group consisting of Gymnema sylvestre, lipoic acid and combinations thereof, wherein the second supplement is substantially free from vanadate.
- the first supplement preferably further comprises a source of chromium.
- Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method of administering a nutritional supplements. The method comprises the steps of administering a daily dosage of a first nutritional supplement over a first time period and administering a daily dosage of a second nutritional supplement over a second time period following the first time period. These steps may be repeated as desired.
- the first nutritional supplement comprises a source of vanadate and a source of chromium
- the second nutritional supplement comprises Gymnema sylvestre and lipoic acid
- the first nutritional supplement comprises Gymnema sylvestre and lipoic acid
- the second nutritional supplement comprises a source of vanadate and a source of chromium.
- the first and second time periods may be the same or different, preferably between about 2 and about 6 months, most preferably about 3 months or about 90 days.
- the present invention provides a nutritional supplement that enhances glucose metabolism. While the supplement may be used by individuals with no apparent symptoms of diabetes, the supplement is ideal for use by individuals with maturity-onset diabetes or juvenile diabetes to prevent, reduce or eliminate the necessity of using insulin.
- the supplement contains ingredients which work together to enhance the effect of insulin on the regulation of glucose concentration in the blood by facilitating or assisting metabolism of glucose in the cells of the body.
- a nutritional supplement which comprises a source of vanadate, such as vanadyl sulfate, and a source of chromium, such as chromium picolinate.
- the nutritional supplement produces insulin-like effects that prevent, reduce or eliminate the need to administer insulin. It is preferred that the supplement be taken throughout the day in order to make the vanadate and chromium available to the cells when needed. It is particularly preferred that the daily dosage be taken in approximately equal amounts with breakfast, lunch and dinner in order for the nutrients to assist in glucose metabolism following mealtime when they are needed the most.
- the nutritional supplement may further comprise L-carnitine.
- an alternative nutritional supplement in another aspect of the invention, comprises a source of gymnema sylvestre and a source of lipoic acid.
- This alternative nutritional supplement also produces insulin-like effects the prevent, reduce or eliminate the need to administer insulin. It is preferred that the supplement be taken throughout the day in order to make the vanadate and chromium available to the cells when needed. It is particularly preferred that the daily dosage be taken in approximately equal amounts with breakfast, lunch and dinner in order for the nutrients to assist in glucose metabolism following mealtime when they are needed the most.
- a plurality of nutritional supplements and a nutritional program comprise a "Phase I" supplement comprising a source of vanadate and a source of chromium and a "Phase II” supplement comprising a source of gymnema sylvestre and a source of lipoic acid.
- the plurality of nutritional supplements are alternated to prevent accumulation of the nutrients in the body and also to overcome desensitization that can occur after a nutrient is taken over a period of time. While the nutritional supplements may be alternated at almost any frequency and taken over almost any duration, it is preferred that each Phase be taken for between about 2 and about 6 months, most preferably between about 2 and about 3 months, before alternating back to the other Phase.
- the nutritional supplement may optionally include other certain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes and/or herbs. These additional ingredients may be included in a common pill along with the vanadyl sulfate, chromium picolinate and L-carnitine or may be taken as a separate pill, preferably taken more or less simultaneously.
- Nutritional supplements according to the present invention are not intended to eliminate the need for an individual to follow a program of appropriate diet and exercise, nor does it eliminate the need for insulin in all cases. Rather, the supplements of the present invention improve glucose metabolism by enhancing the effects of natural or administered levels of insulin and an appropriate diet and exercise program.
- a nutritional supplement containing effective amounts of metabolically available forms of vanadate and chromium will improve glucose metabolism, particularly in individuals with maturity-onset diabetes. Vanadate and chromium perform different insulin-like functions which, when administered in appropriate ratios and forms, enhance glucose metabolism in substantially the same way as insulin itself.
- insulin performs at least two important functions. First, insulin improves the utilization of glucose by the body cells which in turn controls blood glucose concentrations from getting too high. Second, insulin transports fatty acids to fat cells for storage, thereby reducing the mobilization of fats from fat storage areas which can result in abnormal fat metabolism as well as deposition of lipids in vascular walls to cause atherosclerosis.
- Vanadate ions like insulin, stimulate glucose transport, activate glycogen synthase, increase glycogen syntheses in fat cells, and stimulate carbohydrate uptake in the liver.
- Glycogen synthase is an enzyme which causes the conversion of glucose into glycogen.
- Glycogen itself is a polysaccharide which is the chief carbohydrate storage material in humans. It has been found that maximum glycogen synthase activation produced by vanadate is indistinguishable from that of insulin.
- vanadyl sulfate typically forms vanadate which is a salt of vanadic acid. While doses as low as 10 mg of vanadyl sulfate may provide some enhancement of glucose metabolism, the preferred dosage of vanadyl sulfate for an individual with diabetes weighing from about 150 pounds to about 250 pounds is in the range between about 30 mg and 150 mg per day. The most preferred dosage of vanadyl sulfate is about 60 mg per day. Whereas vanadyl sulfate has been previously included in certain dietary supplements, dosages ranging between 1 meg and 1,000 meg (1 mg) are inadequate to provide significant insulin-like effects.
- Chromium like vanadyl sulfate, possesses properties which both mimic and enhance the effects of insulin. Chromium enhances the effects of insulin by indirectly assisting amino acid uptake by muscles, stimulates protein synthesis and retards the rate of protein breakdown. Many clinical studies with supplemental chromium have shown only modest improvements in glucose tolerance due to poor absorption of nutritional (trivalent) chromium. In this respect, trivalent chromium has a strongly positive charge that impedes its movement across cell membranes. Due to the presence of competing ions such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the human body, adequate absorption of chromium occurs only when the metal is associated with a natural chelating agent, such as picolinic acid.
- a natural chelating agent such as picolinic acid.
- picolinic acid Because of its unique structure, picolinic acid has a strong affinity for transitional metals such as zinc, manganese, and chromium. In this respect, it binds tightly to these metals thereby neutralizing their positive charges and expediting their movement across cell membranes. It is preferred that chromium be provided in a biologically active form of chromium, particularly chromium picolinate or chromium glucose tolerance factor. In chromium picolinate, the picolinic acid serves as an effective metal chelator that improves the utilization and uptake of the chromium and plays an important physiological roll in trace mineral absorption. Chromium is believed to be the active factor while the picolinic acid serves as the chelator to improve bioavailability.
- the preferred dosage of chromium picolinate for an individual with diabetes weighing from about 150 pounds to about 250 pounds is in the range between about 150 and about 600 meg per day, with about 300 meg per day being most preferred.
- the preferred dosage of chromium glucose tolerance factor is between about 50 and about 400 meg per day, with about 100 meg per day being most preferred. While the supplement may include only one form of chromium, it is preferred that the supplement include both forms in their preferred doses given above.
- the second function of insulin mentioned above may be enhanced by L-carnitine.
- L-carnitine By preventing fatty build-up, this amino acid aids in weight loss, decreases the risk of heart disease, and improves athletic ability.
- Carnitine can be manufactured in the body if sufficient amounts of lysine, Bl, B6 and iron are available. However, vegetarians are more likely to be deficient in carnitine due to a diet that is low in lysine.
- the preferred dosage of L-carnitine for an individual with diabetes weighing from about 150 to about 250 pounds is in the range between about 100 mg and about 1,000 mg per day. The most preferred dosage of L-carnitine is about 150 mg.
- L-carnitine can be manufactured in the body, it is possible to complement the L- carnitine with sufficient amounts of lysine, vitamin Bl, vitamin B6 and iron to facilitate production of L-carnitine. Therefore, while lysine, vitamin Bl, vitamin B6 and iron are not essential to the function of the present invention, it is preferred that the supplement include between about 5 and about 10 mg per day of both vitamins Bl and B6, and between about 10 mg and about 25 mg of iron. It is most preferred that vitamins Bl and B6 be supplied by a dose of between about 30 mg and about 70 mg of a B-complex.
- Gymnema sylvestre Two water soluble extracts, GS3 and GS4, obtained from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre, a woody climber growing in the tropical forests of central and southern India, may be used to bring about blood glucose homeostasis through increased serum insulin levels. It is believed that Gymnema sylvestre appears to enhance endogenous insulin, possibly by regeneration/revitalization of residual beta cells in the endocrine pancreas that are responsible for insulin production. Daily supplementation with Gymnema sylvestre has been shown to cause a significant reduction in blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated plasma proteins, thereby allowing conventional drug dosages to be decreased. Both juvenile and adult onset diabetes appear to respond to the action of Gymnema sylvestre.
- Lipoic acid has been found to exhibit antioxidant properties and metabolic enhancement which facilitates regeneration of damaged nerves. Lipoic acid also appears to reduce the degree of glycation, or reaction, of proteins caused by excess blood sugar, which is common in diabetics. It is generally recognized that many of the metabolic complications that occur in diabetics are a result of persistent elevation of blood sugar, which then attaches to the blood proteins. Lipoic acid substantially reduces glycation, increases insulin sensitivity, and may lower flood sugar levels.
- the present invention provides a first nutritional supplement for diabetics which combines vanadyl sulfate and chromium picolinate. It is also preferred that the first nutritional supplement include L-carnitine.
- the present invention also provides a second nutritional supplement for diabetics which combines Gymnema sylvestre and lipoic acid.
- the supplements of the present invention are formulated to produce insulin-like effects that prevent, reduce or eliminate the need to administer insulin. It is preferred that either supplement be taken throughout the day to be available to the cells as needed. It is particularly preferred that the daily dosage be taken in approximately equal amounts with breakfast, lunch and dinner.
- Each of the supplements of the present invention provide nutrients to assist in glucose metabolism following mealtime when they are needed the most.
- the present invention further provides a nutritional system and method for diabetics which avoids desensitization that can occur after taking the same supplement continuously for a prolonged period of time.
- the nutritional system comprises both the first and second nutritional supplements, described above, maintained in separate capsules, preferably even in separate bottles.
- the nutritional system is administered by taking a daily dosage of either the first or second nutritional supplements for a period of months, then switching to the other nutritional supplement for a period of months.
- the period of months for administering the first and second nutritional supplements may be the same or different lengths of time. However, the preferred period of months is between about 2 and about 6 months, with the even more preferred period of months being between about 2 and about 4 months. The most preferred period of months is about 3 months or 90 days.
- the first and second nutritional supplements could be combined in a single pill, alternated between meals, alternated daily or alternated at any other frequency, and still be effective for reducing the effects of insulin lack.
- the cells of the body would eventually become desensitized to such supplements or methods of administering the supplements because of the substantially continuous presence of the nutrients.
- the present invention is most effective over extended period of time by alternating supplements after a period of months. It is important to understand that the period of months allows sufficient time for the body to clear itself of trace amounts of the nutrients and to avoid desensitization. Accordingly, as other nutrients are found to have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, it may be desirable to provide additional nutritional supplements that can be administered in a rotation. In this manner, the period of months between successive use of the same supplement could be extended.
- the nutritional supplements include other certain vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes and/or herbs. These additional ingredients may be included in a single pill along with the vanadyl sulfate, chromium picolinate and L-carnitine or may be taken as a separate pill taken more or less simultaneously.
- Vitamins that are particularly beneficial to the metabolism of glucose are the B-complex vitamins and vitamin A. Even where the supplement includes L-carnitine, it is preferred that the supplement include between about 5 and about 10 mg per day of both vitamins Bl and B6, and between about 40 mg and about 60 mg per day of niacinamide (vitamin B3). It is most preferred that the supplement include a dose of between about 30 mg and about 70 mg per day of B- complex vitamins where the amounts of vitamins Bl, B3 and B6 included therein are about 6 mg, 50 mg and 6 mg, respectively. Vitamin A is necessary to the utilization of protein. It may be taken as beta-carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the liver, or as the vitamin itself. The preferred dose of vitamin A is between about 10,000 IU and about 20,000 IU per day, with the most preferred dose being about 15,000 IU per day.
- Minerals are also important in the metabolism of glucose and may be ingested from food or included in a supplement.
- the supplement also include magnesium, potassium, calcium, copper, selenium, and zinc.
- the preferred daily doses of these minerals is about 380 mg magnesium, about 114 mg potassium, about 760 mg calcium, about 2 mg copper, about 80 meg selenium, and about 50 mg zinc. It should be recognized that the amounts of these minerals can vary widely within the scope of the present invention.
- L-glutamine is an important amino acid in curbing fatigue and the craving for sugar.
- the preferred dose of L-glutamine is between about 100 mg and about 500 mg per day, with about 300 mg per day begin most preferred.
- pancreatin is an enzyme derived from the secretions of an animal pancreas. It is preferred that the supplement include pancreatin in doses ranging between about 50 and about 150 mg per day. It is most preferred that the supplement include about 100 mg pancreatin per day.
- Amylase is an effective digestive enzyme secreted in high concentrations in the human body. Amylase is found in saliva and works to break down carbohydrates. It is preferred that the supplement include amylase in doses ranging between about 50 and about 150 mg per day. It is most preferred that the supplement include about 100 mg amylase per day.
- Papain is a proteolytic enzyme that works exclusively to break down proteins. It is preferred that the supplement include papain in doses ranging between about 25 mg and about 70 mg per day each. It is most preferred that the supplement include about 45 mg per day of papain.
- Lipase is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fat. It is preferred that the supplement include lipase in doses ranging between about 80 mg and about 230 mg per day each. It is most preferred that the supplement include about 150 mg lipase per day.
- Betaine a preferred form of hydrochloric acid (HC1), aids in the digestion of tough foods, such as fibrous meats, vegetables, and poultry. It is also preferred that the supplement include between about 100 mg and 200 mg per day of betaine, with about 150 mg per day being most preferred.
- Herbs beneficial against the causes of symptoms of diabetes, including high blood pressure, may also be incorporated into the supplement without departing from the scope of the invention.
- These herbs include, but are not limited to, ginseng, huckleberry, evening primrose oil, garlic, gotu kola, juniper berries, and suma.
- the preferred herbs are ginseng and huckleberry.
- the preferred dose of ginseng is between about 150 mg and about 350 mg per day, with about 275 mg per day being most preferred.
- the preferred dose of huckleberry is between about 100 mg and about 200 mg per day, with about 150 mg per day being most preferred.
- Guar gum is a water soluble fiber that has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, aid in lowering cholesterol levels, and curb the appetite. Guar gum must be taken as a liquid as should not be included in any pills, capsules, tablets or other solid forms.
- the nutritional supplement of the present invention could be prepared in the form of a liquid drink which could include guar gum.
- the supplements of the present invention can be manufactured in accordance with procedures known in the art. While the supplement may be formed into a pill with starch or a liquid drink, it is generally preferred that the supplement be prepared in a capsule.
- Phase I Vanadyl Sulfate 60 mg Chromium (Picolinate) 300 meg Chromium (Glucose Tolerance Factor) 100 meg L-Carnitine 150 mg
- Vitamin A 15,000 IU
- Phase I supplement or the Phase II supplement were divided into six (6) capsules. Two of these six capsules were taken along with breakfast, lunch and dinner each day. Phase I was administered for a period of three months, then Phase II was administered for a period of three months. This pattern of alternating between Phases I and II was repeated to provide continuous benefits to diabetics while avoiding desensitization that can occur from continuous use of a single supplement formulation. While much of the foregoing disclosure has focused on insulin lack, diabetes can also occur in individuals whose pancreas is producing plenty of insulin but the cells of the body are insulin resistant. Vanadyl sulfate can increase the response that a cell has to insulin by activating the insulin receptor sites on the surface of the cell and within the cell.
- the nutritional supplement of the present invention may be used not only as a treatment for poor glucose metabolism or diabetes, but also for prevention of diabetes by giving the metabolism a boost before full-blown diabetes develops. In fact, because the activation of insulin receptors and other effects may be permanent, the supplement could be considered to be a cure for diabetes in some individuals and circumstances. It will be understood that certain combinations and sub combinations of the invention are of utility and may be employed without reference to other features in sub combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the present invention.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB9922745A GB2338187A (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism |
AU67689/98A AU6768998A (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism |
CA002284664A CA2284664A1 (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/822,483 US5730988A (en) | 1995-04-20 | 1997-03-24 | Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism |
US08/822,483 | 1997-03-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1998042211A2 true WO1998042211A2 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
WO1998042211A3 WO1998042211A3 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US1998/005646 WO1998042211A2 (en) | 1997-03-24 | 1998-03-24 | Nutritional supplements for improving glucose metabolism |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5730988A (en) |
AU (1) | AU6768998A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2284664A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2338187A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998042211A2 (en) |
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US6203819B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2001-03-20 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dietary supplement and method of treatment for diabetic control |
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WO2002036202A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-10 | Nutrition 21, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the improvement of insulin sensitivity, reduction of hyperglycemia, and reduction of hypercholesterolemia with chromium complexes and alpha lipoic acid |
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WO2009032591A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Food effect in treatment of diabetes with vanadium salts |
US20100119499A1 (en) * | 2009-09-17 | 2010-05-13 | Kneller Bruce W | Stilbene-based compositions and methods of use therefor |
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- 1997-03-24 US US08/822,483 patent/US5730988A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1998-03-24 AU AU67689/98A patent/AU6768998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-24 GB GB9922745A patent/GB2338187A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-24 WO PCT/US1998/005646 patent/WO1998042211A2/en active Application Filing
- 1998-03-24 CA CA002284664A patent/CA2284664A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US5164384A (en) * | 1991-06-19 | 1992-11-17 | Metagenics, Inc. | Anabolic mineral formula |
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Cited By (10)
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US6203819B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2001-03-20 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Dietary supplement and method of treatment for diabetic control |
WO2000015211A2 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-03-23 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions of chromium or vanadium with antidiabetics for glucose metabolism disorders |
WO2000015211A3 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2001-03-29 | Akesis Pharm Inc | Compositions of chromium or vanadium with antidiabetics for glucose metabolism disorders |
US6376549B1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 2002-04-23 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Metforimin-containing compositions for the treatment of diabetes |
US6852760B1 (en) | 1998-09-17 | 2005-02-08 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treatment for glucose metabolism disorders |
WO2001003700A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-01-18 | Akesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Combination of chromium and vanadium for glucose metabolism disorders |
EP1305018A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2003-05-02 | Pharmanutrients | Method and compositions for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes and glucose modulation |
EP1305018A4 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2006-08-30 | Pharmanutrients | Method and compositions for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes and glucose modulation |
WO2002036202A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-10 | Nutrition 21, Inc. | Methods and compositions for the improvement of insulin sensitivity, reduction of hyperglycemia, and reduction of hypercholesterolemia with chromium complexes and alpha lipoic acid |
WO2002036202A3 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2004-01-08 | Nutrition 21 Inc | Methods and compositions for the improvement of insulin sensitivity, reduction of hyperglycemia, and reduction of hypercholesterolemia with chromium complexes and alpha lipoic acid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5730988A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
WO1998042211A3 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
GB2338187A (en) | 1999-12-15 |
CA2284664A1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
GB9922745D0 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
AU6768998A (en) | 1998-10-20 |
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