WO1998043712A1 - Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior - Google Patents
Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998043712A1 WO1998043712A1 PCT/US1998/006197 US9806197W WO9843712A1 WO 1998043712 A1 WO1998043712 A1 WO 1998043712A1 US 9806197 W US9806197 W US 9806197W WO 9843712 A1 WO9843712 A1 WO 9843712A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- golf ball
- mantle
- metal
- spherical
- substrate
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 35
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- -1 poly(ethylene-methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 14
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000005035 Surlyn® Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017535 Cu-Al-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017773 Cu-Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001219 R-phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920003182 Surlyn® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006226 ethylene-acrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHAXKFFKGZJUOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-acetyl-6-ethyl-3,5,8-trihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC(O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(O)=C(CC)C(C(C)=O)=C2O RHAXKFFKGZJUOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylurea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=O RYECOJGRJDOGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nilvadipine Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C#N)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC(C)C)C1C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEYWZSOQKRQOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Na].[Na].[Zn].[Zn] Chemical compound [Na].[Na].[Na].[Zn].[Zn] MEYWZSOQKRQOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBYDEEJRPNLAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zn].[Zn].[Na].[Na].[Zn].[Na] Chemical compound [Zn].[Zn].[Na].[Na].[Zn].[Na] JBYDEEJRPNLAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000001591 balata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016302 balata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;tungsten Chemical group [W].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] FQNHWXHRAUXLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004595 color masterbatch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- QNDQILQPPKQROV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dizinc Chemical compound [Zn]=[Zn] QNDQILQPPKQROV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJPWLZKJCBVHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-2-enoic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C=C.OC(=O)C=C JJPWLZKJCBVHRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000009 pyrolysis mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LMCILKQUBHEOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethene;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C LMCILKQUBHEOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexachloride Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl KPGXUAIFQMJJFB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H tungsten hexafluoride Chemical compound F[W](F)(F)(F)(F)F NXHILIPIEUBEPD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B45/00—Apparatus or methods for manufacturing balls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0003—Golf balls
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/02—Special cores
- A63B37/08—Liquid cores; Plastic cores
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/12—Special coverings, i.e. outer layer material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/02—Special cores
- A63B37/08—Liquid cores; Plastic cores
- A63B2037/085—Liquid cores; Plastic cores liquid, jellylike
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
- A63B2209/08—Characteristics of used materials magnetic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0003—Golf balls
- A63B37/0023—Covers
- A63B37/0024—Materials other than ionomers or polyurethane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0003—Golf balls
- A63B37/0023—Covers
- A63B37/0029—Physical properties
- A63B37/0033—Thickness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0003—Golf balls
- A63B37/0038—Intermediate layers, e.g. inner cover, outer core, mantle
- A63B37/004—Physical properties
- A63B37/0045—Thickness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0003—Golf balls
- A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
- A63B37/0072—Characteristics of the ball as a whole with a specified number of layers
- A63B37/0076—Multi-piece balls, i.e. having two or more intermediate layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
- A63B37/0098—Rigid hollow balls, e.g. for pétanque
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B43/00—Balls with special arrangements
Definitions
- Figure 3 Figure 4 GOLF BALL COMPRISING A METAL MANTLE HAVING A HOLLOW INTERIOR
- the present invention relates to golf balls and, more particularly, to golf balls comprising one or more metal mantle layers and which do not utilize a core or core component and so, are essentially hollow.
- the golf balls may comprise an optional polymeric outer cover and/or an inner polymeric hollow sphere substrate.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,031,194 to Strayer is directed to the use of a spherical inner metal layer that is bonded or otherwise adhered to a resilient inner constituent within the ball.
- the ball utilizes a liquid filled core.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,863,167 to Matsuki, et al . describes golf balls containing a gravity filler which may be formed from one or more metals disposed within a solid rubber-based core.
- U.S. Patent Nos . 4,886,275 and 4,995,613, both to Walker disclose golf balls having a dense metal -containing core.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,943,055 to Corley is directed to a weighted warmup ball having a metal center.
- Prior artisans have also described golf balls having one or more interior layers formed from a metal, and which feature a hollow center.
- Davis disclosed a golf ball comprising a spherical steel shell having a hollow air-filled center in U.S. Patent No. 697,816.
- Kempshall received numerous patents directed to golf balls having metal inner layers and hollow interiors, such as 704,748; 704,838; 713,772; and 739,753.
- U.S. Patent Nos. 1,182,604 and 1,182,605 Wadsworth described golf balls utilizing concentric spherical shells formed from tempered steel.
- U.S. Patent No. 1,568,514 to Lewis describes several embodiments for a golf ball, one of which utilizes multiple steel shells disposed within the ball, and which provide a hollow center for the ball.
- the present invention achieves the foregoing objectives and provides a golf ball comprising one or more metal mantle layers that define a relatively large hollow interior within the ball.
- the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a golf ball having a hollow spherical center, and comprising a spherical metal mantle and a polymeric outer cover disposed about and adjacent to the metal mantle.
- the metal mantle is preferably formed from steel, titanium, chromium, nickel, or alloys thereof .
- the metal mantle may comprise one or more layers, each formed from a different metal.
- the polymeric outer cover is preferably relatively soft and formed from a low acid ionomer, a non-ionomer, or a blend thereof .
- the present invention provides a golf ball having a hollow interior, and comprising an inner polymeric hollow spherical substrate, a spherical metal mantle, and a polymeric outer cover.
- the spherical metal mantle is disposed between the spherical substrate and the outer cover.
- the present invention provides a golf ball having a hollow spherical metal mantle, the outer surface of which constitutes the outer surface of the golf ball.
- the essentially all metal hollow golf ball comprises a hollow polymeric spherical substrate disposed within the metal mantle.
- the present invention also provides related methods of forming golf balls having metal mantles, with or without an inner polymeric hollow spherical substrate or an outer cover.
- FIGURE 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment golf ball in accordance with the present invention, comprising a polymeric outer cover, one or more metal mantle layers, and an optional polymeric hollow sphere substrate;
- FIGURE 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a second preferred embodiment golf ball in accordance with the present invention, the golf ball comprising a polymeric outer cover and one or more metal mantle layers;
- FIGURE 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment golf ball in accordance with the present invention, the golf ball comprising one or more metal mantle layers;
- FIGURE 4 is partial cross-sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment golf ball in accordance with the present invention, the golf ball comprising one or more metal mantle layers and an optional polymeric hollow sphere substrate.
- the present invention relates to golf balls comprising one or more metal mantle layers, and particularly, golf balls comprising such mantles and that do not utilize a core and so, feature a hollow interior.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a first preferred embodiment golf ball 100 in accordance with the present invention. It will be understood that the referenced drawings are not necessarily to scale .
- the first preferred embodiment golf ball 100 comprises an outermost polymeric outer cover 10, one or more metal mantle layers
- the golf ball 100 provides a plurality of dimples 104 defined along an outer surface 102 of the golf ball 100.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates a second preferred embodiment golf ball 200 in accordance with the present invention.
- the golf ball 200 comprises an outermost polymeric outer cover 10 and one or more metal mantle layers 20.
- the second preferred embodiment golf ball 200 provides a plurality of dimples 204 defined along the outer surface 202 of the ball.
- FIGURE 3 illustrates a third preferred embodiment golf ball 300 in accordance with the present invention.
- the golf ball 300 comprises one or more metal mantle layers 20.
- the golf ball 300 provides a plurality of dimples 304 defined along the outer surface 302 of the golf ball 300.
- FIGURE 4 illustrates a fourth preferred embodiment golf ball 400 in accordance with the present invention.
- the golf ball 400 comprises one or more metal mantle layers 20 and an optional polymeric hollow sphere substrate 30.
- the golf ball 400 provides a plurality of dimples 404 defined along the outer surface 402 of the golf ball 400.
- golf balls 100, 200, 300, and 400 do not utilize a core or core component. Instead, all preferred embodiment golf balls feature a hollow interior or hollow core. As described in greater detail below, the interior of the present invention golf balls may include one or more gases, preferably at a pressure greater than 1 atmosphere. In addition, all preferred embodiment golf balls comprise one or more metal mantle layers. Details of the materials, configuration, and construction of each component in the preferred embodiment golf balls are set forth below. - 6 - Polymeric Outer Cover
- the polymeric outer cover layer is comprised of a relatively soft, low modulus (about 1,000 psi to about 10,000 psi) and low acid (less than 16 weight percent acid) ionomer, ionomer blend or a non-ionomeric thermoplastic elastomer such as, but not limited to, a polyurethane, a polyester elastomer such as that marketed by DuPont under the trademark Hytrel ® , or a polyester amide such as that marketed by Elf Atochem S.A. under the trademark Pebax ® .
- the outer layer includes a blend of hard and soft (low acid) ionomer resins such as those described in U. S. Patent Nos. 4,884,814 and 5,120,791, both incorporated herein by reference.
- a desirable material for use in molding the outer layer comprises a blend of a high modulus (hard) ionomer with a low modulus (soft) ionomer to form a base ionomer mixture.
- a high modulus ionomer herein is one which measures from about 15,000 to about 70,000 psi as measured in accordance with ASTM method D-790.
- the hardness may be defined as at least 50 on the Shore D scale as measured in accordance with ASTM method D-2240.
- a low modulus ionomer suitable for use in the outer layer blend has a flexural modulus measuring from about 1,000 to about 10,000 psi, with a hardness of about 20 to about 40 on the Shore D scale.
- the hard ionomer resins utilized to produce the outer cover layer composition hard/soft blends include ionic copolymers which are the sodium, zinc, magnesium or lithium salts of the reaction product of an olefin having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the carboxylic acid groups of the copolymer may be totally or partially (i.e. approximately 15-75 percent) neutralized.
- the hard ionomeric resins are likely copolymers of ethylene and either acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, with copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid being the most preferred. Two or more types of hard ionomeric resins may be blended into the outer cover layer compositions in order to produce the desired properties of the resulting golf balls.
- the hard "Iotek” resins i.e., the acrylic acid based hard ionomer resins
- the hard "Iotek” resins are the more preferred hard resins for use in formulating the outer cover layer blends for use in the present invention.
- various blends of "Iotek” and Surlyn ® hard ionomeric resins, as well as other available ionomeric resins, may be utilized in the present invention in a similar manner.
- Examples of commercially available hard ionomeric resins which may be used in the present invention in formulating the outer cover blends include the hard sodium ionic copolymer sold under the trademark Surlyn ® 8940 and the hard zinc ionic copolymer sold under the trademark Surlyn ® 9910.
- Surlyn ® 8940 is a copolymer of ethylene with methacrylic acid and about 15 weight percent acid which is about 29 percent neutralized with sodium ions. This resin has an average melt flow index of about 2.8.
- Surlyn ® 9910 is a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid with about 15 weight percent acid which is about 58 percent neutralized with zinc ions.
- the average melt flow index of Surlyn ® 9910 is about 0.7.
- the typical properties of Surlyn ® 9910 and 8940 are set forth below in Table 1: - 8 -
- Examples of the more pertinent acrylic acid based hard ionomer resin suitable for use in the present outer cover composition sold under the "Iotek" tradename by the Exxon Corporation include Iotek 4000, Iotek 4010, Iotek 8000, Iotek 8020 and Iotek 8030.
- the typical properties of these and other Iotek hard ionomers suited for use in formulating the outer layer cover composition are set forth below in Table 2 :
- soft ionomers are used in formulating the hard/soft blends of the outer cover composition.
- These ionomers include acrylic acid based soft ionomers. They are generally characterized as comprising sodium or zinc salts of a terpolymer of an olefin having from about 2 to 8 carbon atoms, acrylic acid, and an unsaturated monomer of the acrylate ester class having from 1 to 21 carbon atoms.
- the soft ionomer is preferably a zinc based ionomer made from an acrylic acid base polymer and an unsaturated monomer of the acrylate ester class.
- the soft (low modulus) ionomers have a hardness from about 20 to about 40 as measured on the Shore D scale and a flexural modulus from about 1,000 to about 10,000, as measured in accordance with ASTM method D-790.
- Certain ethylene-acrylic acid based soft ionomer resins developed by the Exxon Corporation under the designation "Iotek 7520" may be combined with known hard ionomers such as those indicated above to produce the outer cover.
- the combination produces higher COR' s (coefficient of restitution) at equal or softer hardness, higher melt flow (which corresponds to improved, more efficient molding, i.e., fewer rejects) as well as significant cost savings versus the outer layer of multilayer balls produced by other known hard-soft ionomer blends as a result of the lower overall raw materials costs and improved yields .
- Exxon's experimental product data sheet lists the following physical properties of the ethylene acrylic acid zinc ionomer developed by Exxon:
- test data collected by the inventor indicates that Iotek 7520 resins have Shore D hardnesses of about 32 to 36 (per ASTM D-2240) , melt flow indexes of 3 ⁇ 0.5 g/10 min (at 190oc. per ASTM D-1288), and a flexural modulus of about 2500-3500 psi (per ASTM D-790) . - 12 -
- Iotek 7520 resins are generally zinc salts of a terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic acid, and methyl acrylate. Furthermore, the inventor has found that a newly developed grade of an acrylic acid based soft ionomer available from the Exxon Corporation under the designation Iotek 7510, is also effective, when combined with the hard ionomers indicated above in producing golf ball covers exhibiting higher COR values at equal or softer hardness than those produced by known hard-soft ionomer blends. In this regard, Iotek 7510 has the advantages (i.e.
- Iotek 7510 when compared to Iotek 7520, produces slightly higher COR values at equal softness/hardness due to the Iotek 7510 's higher hardness and neutralization. Similarly, Iotek 7510 produces better release properties (from the mold cavities) due to its slightly higher stiffness and lower flow rate than Iotek 7520. This is important in production where the soft covered balls tend to have lower yields caused by sticking in the molds and subsequent punched pin marks from the knockouts .
- Iotek 7510 is of similar chemical composition as Iotek 7520 (i.e. a zinc salt of a terpolymer of ethylene, acrylic acid, and methyl acrylate) but is more highly neutralized. Based upon FTIR analysis, Iotek 7520 is estimated to be about 30-40 weight percent neutralized and Iotek 7510 is estimated to be about 40-60 weight percent neutralized. The typical properties of Iotek 7510 in comparison with those of Iotek 7520 are set forth below: - 13 -
- the outer cover layer formulation may also comprise a soft, low modulus non-ionomeric thermoplastic elastomer including a polyester polyurethane such as B.F. Goodrich Company's Estane ® polyester polyurethane X-4517. According to B.F. Goodrich, Estane ® X-4517 has the following properties: 14
- thermoplastic polyurethanes such as : Texin thermoplastic polyurethanes from Mobay Chemical Co. and the Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethanes from Dow Chemical Co.; Ionomer/rubber blends such as those in Spalding U.S. Patents 4,986,545; 5,098,105 and 5,187,013; and, Hytrel polyester elastomers from DuPont and Pebax polyester amides from Elf Atochem S.A.
- thermoplastic polyurethanes such as : Texin thermoplastic polyurethanes from Mobay Chemical Co. and the Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethanes from Dow Chemical Co.
- Ionomer/rubber blends such as those in Spalding U.S. Patents 4,986,545; 5,098,105 and 5,187,013
- Hytrel polyester elastomers from DuPont and Pebax polyester amides from Elf Atochem S.A.
- the polymeric outer cover layer is about 0.020 inches to about 0.120 inches in thickness.
- the outer cover layer is preferably about 0.050 inches to about 0.075 inches in thickness.
- the mantle and the outer cover layer combine to form a ball having a diameter of 1.680 inches or more, the minimum diameter permitted by the rules of the United States Golf Association and weighing about 1.620 ounces. - 15 - Multilayer Metal Mantle
- the preferred embodiment golf balls of the present invention comprise one or more metal mantle layers disposed inwardly and proximate to, and preferably adjacent to, the outer cover layer.
- a wide array of metals can be used in the mantle layers or shells as described herein. Table 6, set forth below, lists suitable metals for use in the preferred embodiment golf balls.
- Nickel-silver 55Cu-18Ni-27Zn 19.2 19.1 4.97 0.333
- the metals used in the one or more mantle layers are steel, titanium, chromium, nickel, or alloys thereof.
- the metal selected for use in the mantle be relatively stiff, hard, dense, and have a relatively high modulus of elasticity.
- the thickness of the metal mantle layer depends upon the density of the metals used in that layer, or if a plurality of metal mantle layers are used, the densities of those metals in other layers within the mantle. Typically, the thickness of the mantle ranges from about 0.001 inches to about 0.050 inches. The preferred thickness for the mantle is from about 0.005 inches to about 0.050 inches. The most preferred range is from about 0.005 inches to about 0.010 inches. It is preferred that the thickness of the mantle be uniform and constant at all points across the mantle.
- the thickness of the metal mantle depends upon the density of the metal (s) utilized in the one or more mantle layers. Table 7, set forth below, lists typical densities for the preferred metals for use in the mantle.
- a metal mantle utilized in the preferred embodiment golf balls.
- two metal half shells are stamped from metal sheet stock. The two half shells are then arc welded together and heat treated to stress relieve. It is preferred to heat treat the resulting assembly since welding will typically anneal and soften the resulting hollow sphere resulting in "oil canning, " i.e. deformation of the metal sphere after impact, such as may occur during play.
- a high temperature blowing agent may be added to the inside or interior of the half shells prior to welding. Subsequent heat treatment will decompose the blowing agent and pressurize the hollow metal sphere with the gases produced from decomposition.
- a pressurized metal sphere will assist in preventing "oil canning" similar to a pressurized tennis ball or basketball.
- the interior pressure will also increase the COR of the golf ball.
- a metal mantle is formed via electroplating over a thin hollow polymeric sphere, described in greater detail below.
- This polymeric sphere may correspond to the previously described optional polymeric hollow sphere substrate 30.
- a metallic mantle layer may be deposited upon a non-metallic substrate.
- an electrically conductive layer is formed or deposited upon the polymeric or non-metallic sphere. Electroplating may be used to fully deposit a metal layer after a conductive salt solution is applied onto the surface of the non-metallic substrate.
- a thin electrically conducting metallic surface can be formed by flash vacuum metallization of a metal agent, such as aluminum, onto the substrate of interest .
- Such surfaces are typically about 3 x 10 * * of an inch thick.
- electroplating can be utilized to form the metal layer (s) of interest. It is contemplated that vacuum metallization could be - 1 8 - employed to fully deposit the desired metal layer (s) .
- Yet another technique for forming an electrically conductive metal base layer is chemical deposition. Copper, nickel, or silver, for example, may be readily deposited upon a non-metallic surface.
- Yet another technique for imparting electrical conductivity to the surface of a non-metallic substrate is to incorporate an effective amount of electrically conductive particles in the substrate, such as carbon black, prior to molding. Once having formed an electrically conductive surface, electroplating processes can be used to form the desired metal mantle layers.
- thermal spray coating techniques can be utilized to form one or more metal mantle layers onto a spherical substrate.
- Thermal spray is a generic term generally used to refer to processes for depositing metallic and non-metallic coatings, sometimes known as metallizing, that comprise the plasma arc spray, electric arc spray, and flame spray processes. Coatings can be sprayed from rod or wire stock, or from powdered material.
- a typical plasma arc spray system utilizes a plasma arc spray gun at which one or more gasses are energized to a highly energized state, i.e. a plasma, and are then discharged typically under high pressures toward the substrate of interest.
- the power level, pressure, and flow of the arc gasses, and the rate of flow of powder and carrier gas are typically control variables.
- the electric arc spray process preferably utilizes metal in wire form. This process differs from the other thermal spray processes in that there is no external heat source, such as from a gas flame or electrically induced plasma. Heating and melting occur when two electrically opposed charged wires, comprising the spray material, are fed together in such a manner that a controlled arc occurs at the intersection. The molten metal is atomized and propelled onto a prepared substrate by a stream of compressed air or gas. - 19 -
- the flame spray process utilizes combustible gas as a heat source to melt the coating material.
- Flame spray guns are available to spray materials in rod, wire, or powder form. Most flame spray guns can be adapted for use with several combinations of gases. Acetylene, propane, mapp gas, and oxygen-hydrogen are commonly used flame spray gases.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- the reactant atmosphere that is typically used in CVD includes chlorides, fluorides, bromides and iodides, as well as carbonyls, organometallics, hydrides and hydrocarbons . Hydrogen is often included as a reducing agent.
- the reactant atmosphere must be reasonably stable until it reaches the substrate, where reaction occurs with reasonably efficient conversion of the reactant. Sometimes it is necessary to heat the reactant to produce the gaseous atmosphere. A few reactions for deposition occur at substrate temperatures below 200 degrees C. Some organometallic compounds deposit at temperatures of 600 degrees C. Most reactions and reaction products require temperatures above 800 degrees C.
- CVD coatings include nickel, tungsten, chromium, and titanium carbide.
- CVD nickel is generally separated from a nickel carbonyl, Ni(C0) 4 , atmosphere.
- the properties of the deposited nickel are equivalent to those of sulfonate nickel deposited electrolytically.
- Tungsten - 20 - is deposited by thermal decomposition of tungsten carbonyl at 300 to 600 degrees C, or may be deposited by hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexachloride at 700 to 900 degrees C. The most convenient and most widely used reaction is the hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride .
- Titanium carbide coatings may be formed by the hydrogen reduction of titanium tetrafluoride in the presence of methane or some other hydrocarbon.
- the substrate temperatures typically range from 900 to 1010 degrees C, depending on the substrate.
- CVD coatings generally involve de-greasing or grit blasting.
- a CVD pre-coating treatment may be given.
- the rate of deposition from CVD reactions generally increases with temperature in a manner specific to each reaction. Deposition at the highest possible rate is preferable, however, there are limitations which require a processing compromise.
- Vacuum coating is another category of processes for depositing metals and metal compounds from a source in a high vacuum environment onto a substrate, such as the spherical substrate used in several of the preferred embodiment golf balls .
- Three principal techniques are used to accomplish such deposition: evaporation, ion plating, and sputtering. In each technique, the transport of vapor is carried out in an evacuated, controlled environment chamber and, typically, at a residual air pressure of 1 to 10 "5 Pascals.
- vapor is generated by heating a source material to a temperature such that the vapor pressure significantly exceeds the ambient chamber pressure and produces sufficient vapor for practical deposition.
- a substrate such as the inner spherical substrate utilized - 21 - in the preferred embodiment golf balls, it must be rotated and translated over the vapor source.
- Deposits made on substrates positioned at low angles to the vapor source generally result in fibrous, poorly bonded structures.
- Deposits resulting from excessive gas scattering are poorly adherent, amorphous, and generally dark in color.
- the highest quality deposits are made on surfaces nearly normal or perpendicular to the vapor flux. Such deposits faithfully reproduce the substrate surface texture.
- Highly polished substrates produce lustrous deposits, and the bulk properties of the deposits are maximized for the given deposition conditions.
- source material should be heated to a temperature so that its vapor pressure is at least 1 Pascal or higher.
- Deposition rates for evaporating bulk vacuum coatings can be very high.
- Commercial coating equipment can deposit up to 500,000 angstroms of material thickness per minute using large ingot material sources and high powered electron beam heating techniques.
- the directionality of evaporating atoms from a vapor source generally requires the substrate to be articulated within the vapor cloud.
- the shape of the object, the arrangement of the vapor source relative to the component surfaces, and the nature of the evaporation source may be controlled.
- evaporation sources most elemental metals, semi-conductors, compounds, and many alloys can be directly evaporated in vacuum.
- the simplest sources are resistance wires and metal foils. They are generally constructed of refractory metals, such as tungsten, molybdenum, and tantalum.
- the filaments serve the dual function of heating and holding the material for evaporation.
- Some elements serve as sublimation sources such as chromium, palladium, molybdenum, vanadium, iron, and silicon, since they can be evaporated directly from - 22 - the solid phase.
- Crucible sources comprise the greatest applications in high volume production for evaporating refractory metals and compounds.
- the crucible materials are usually refractory metals, oxides, and nitrides, and carbon. Heating can be accomplished by radiation from a second refractory heating element, by a combination of radiation and conduction, and by radial frequency induction heating.
- Electron beam heating provides a flexible heating method that can concentrate heat on the evaporant . Portions of the evaporant next to the container can be kept at low temperatures, thus minimizing interaction.
- Two principal electron guns in use are the linear focusing gun, which uses magnetic and electrostatic focusing methods, and the bent-beam magnetically focused gun.
- Another technique for achieving evaporation is continuous feed high rate evaporation methods. High rate evaporation of alloys to form film thicknesses of 100 to 150 micrometers requires electron beam heating sources in large quantities of evaporant.
- Electron beams of 45 kilowatts or higher are used to melt evaporants in water cooled copper hearths up to 150 by 400 millimeters in cross section.
- the substrate material of the spherical shell upon which one or more metal layers are formed in the preferred embodiment golf balls the primary requirement of the material to be coated is that it be stable in vacuum. It must not evolve gas or vapor when exposed to the metal vapor. Gas evolution may result from release of gas absorbed on the surface, release of gas trapped in the pores of a porous substrate, evolution of a material such as plasticizers used in plastics, or actual vaporization of an ingredient in the substrate material.
- sputtering may be used to deposit one or more metal layers onto, for - 23 - instance, an inner hollow sphere substrate such as substrate 30 utilized in the preferred embodiment golf balls.
- Sputtering is a process wherein material is ejected from the surface of a solid or liquid because of a momentum exchange associated with bombardment by energetic particles.
- the bombarding species are generally ions of a heavy inert gas. Argon is most commonly used.
- the source of ions may be an ion beam or a plasma discharge into which the material can be bombarded is immersed.
- a source of coating material called a target is placed in a vacuum chamber which is evacuated and then back filled with a working gas, such as Argon, to a pressure adequate to sustain the plasma discharge .
- a working gas such as Argon
- Sputter coating chambers are typically evacuated to pressures ranging from .001 to .00001 Pascals before back filling with Argon to pressures of 0.1 to 10 Pascals.
- the intensity of the plasma discharge, and thus the ion flux and sputtering rate that can be achieved, depends on the shape of the cathode electrode, and on the effective use of a magnetic field to confine the plasma electrons.
- the deposition rate in sputtering depends on the target sputtering rate and the apparatus geometry. It also depends on the working gas pressure, since high pressures limit the passage of sputtered flux to the substrates.
- Ion plating may also be used to form one or more metal mantle layers in the golf balls of the present invention.
- Ion plating is a generic term applied to atomistic film deposition processes in which the substrate surface and/or the depositing film is subjected to a flux of high energy particles (usually gas ions) sufficient to cause changes in the interfacial region or film properties. Such changes may be in the film adhesion to - 24 - the substrate, film morphology, film density, film stress, or surface coverage by the depositing film material.
- Ion plating is typically done in an inert gas discharge system similar to that used in sputtering deposition except that the substrate is the sputtering cathode and the bombarded surface often has a complex geometry.
- the ion plating apparatus is comprised of a vacuum chamber and a pumping system, which is typical of any conventional vacuum deposition unit. There is also a film atom vapor source and an inert gas inlet.
- the work piece is the high voltage electrode, which is insulated from the surrounding system.
- a work piece holder is the high voltage electrode and either conductive or non-conductive materials for plating are attached to it.
- the system is closed and the chamber is pumped down to a pressure in the range of .001 to .0001 Pascals.
- the chamber is back filled with Argon to a pressure of approximately 1 to 0.1 Pascals.
- An electrical potential of -3 to -5 kilovolts is then introduced across the high voltage electrode, that is the specimen or specimen holder, and the ground for the system. Glow discharge occurs between the electrodes which results in the specimen being bombarded by the high energy Argon ions produced in the discharge, which is equivalent to direct current sputtering.
- the coating source is then energized and the coating material is vaporized into the glow discharge.
- nickel titanium alloys Another class of materials, contemplated for use in forming the one or more metal mantle layers is nickel titanium alloys. These alloys are known to have super elastic properties and are approximately 50 percent (atomic) nickel and 50 percent titanium. When stressed, a super elastic nickel titanium alloy can accommodate - 25 • strain deformations of up to 8 percent. When the stress is later released, the super elastic component returns to its original shape. Other shape memory alloys can also be utilized including alloys of copper zinc aluminum, and copper aluminum nickel. Table 8 set forth below presents various physical, mechanical, and transformation properties of these three preferred shape memory alloys.
- the polymeric outer cover layer if utilized, is molded (for instance, by injection molding or by compression molding) about the metal mantle.
- the first preferred embodiment golf ball 100 and the fourth preferred embodiment golf ball 400 comprise a polymeric - 27 - comprise a polymeric hollow sphere 30 immediately adjacent and inwardly disposed relative to the metal mantle 20.
- the polymeric hollow sphere can be formed from nearly any relatively strong plastic material. The thickness of the hollow sphere ranges from about 0.005 inches to about 0.010 inches.
- the hollow inner sphere can be formed using two half shells joined together via spin bonding, solvent welding, or other techniques known to those in the plastics processing arts. Alternatively, the hollow polymeric sphere may be formed via blow molding.
- polymeric materials can be utilized to form the polymeric hollow sphere.
- Thermoplastic materials are generally preferred for use as materials for the shell. Typically, such materials should exhibit good flowability, moderate stiffness, high abrasion resistance, high tear strength, high resilience, and good mold release, among others.
- Synthetic polymeric materials which may be used in accordance with the present invention include homopolymeric and copolymer materials which may include:
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene , and copolymers such as polyethylene methylacrylate , polyethylene ethylacrylate , polyethylene vinyl acetate, polyethylene methacrylic or polyethylene acrylic acid or polypropylene acrylic acid or terpolymers made from these and acrylate esters and their metal ionomers, polypropylene/EPDM grafted with acrylic acid or anhydride modified polyolefins; (3) Polyurethanes, such as are prepared from polyols and diisocyanates or polyisocyanates; (4) Polyamides such as poly (hexamethylene adipamide) and others prepared from diamines and dibasic acids, as well as those from amino acid such as poly (caprolactarn) , and blends of polyamides with SURLYN, polyethylene, ethylene copolymers, EDPA, etc; (5) Acrylic - 28 - resins and blends of these resins with polyvinyl chloride
- the outer cover 10 may be added to the outer cover 10 including dyes (for example, Ultramarine Blue sold by Whitaker, Clark and Daniels of South Plainsfield, N.J.) (see U.S. Patent No. 4,679,795 herein incorporated by reference) ; pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate and zinc sulfate; UV absorbers; antioxidants; antistatic agents; and stabilizers.
- the cover compositions may also contain softening agents, such as plasticizers, processing aids, etc. and reinforcing material such as glass fibers and inorganic fillers, as long as the desired properties produced by the golf ball covers are not impaired.
- softening agents such as plasticizers, processing aids, etc. and reinforcing material such as glass fibers and inorganic fillers, as long as the desired properties produced by the golf ball covers are not impaired.
- the outer cover layer may be produced according to conventional melt blending procedures.
- the hard ionomer resins are blended with the soft ionomeric resins and with a masterbatch containing the desired additives in a Banbury mixer, two-roll mill, or extruder prior to molding.
- the blended composition is then formed into slabs and maintained in such a state until molding is desired.
- a simple dry blend of the pelletized or granulated resins and color masterbatch may be prepared and fed directly into an injection molding machine where homogenization occurs in the mixing section of the barrel prior to injection into the mold. If necessary, further additives such as an inorganic filler, etc., may be added and uniformly mixed before initiation of the molding process .
- a similar process is utilized to formulate the high acid ionomer resin compositions.
- a plurality of cover layers may be employed.
- an inner cover can be formed about the metal mantle, and an outer cover then formed about the inner cover.
- the thickness of the inner and outer cover layers are governed by the thickness parameters for the overall cover layer.
- the inner cover layer is preferably formed from a relatively hard material, such as, for example, the previously described high acid ionomer resin.
- the outer cover layer is preferably formed from a relatively soft material having a low flexural modulus . In the event that an inner cover layer and an outer cover layer are utilized, these layers can be formed as follows.
- An inner cover layer may be formed by injection molding or compression molding an inner cover composition about a metal mantle to produce an intermediate golf ball having a diameter of about 1.50 to 1.67 inches, preferably about 1.620 inches.
- the outer layer is subsequently molded over the inner layer to - 30 - produce a golf ball having a diameter of 1.680 inches or more .
- the inner cover composition is formed via injection at about 380°F to about 450oF into smooth surfaced hemispherical shells which are then positioned around the mantle in a mold having the desired inner cover thickness and subjected to compression molding at 200o to 300oF for about 2 to 10 minutes, followed by cooling at 50o to 70OF for about 2 to 7 minutes to fuse the shells together to form a unitary intermediate ball.
- the intermediate balls may be produced by injection molding wherein the inner cover layer is injected directly around the mantle placed at the center of an intermediate ball mold for a period of time in a mold temperature of from 50oF to about 100°F.
- the outer cover layer is molded about the core and the inner layer by similar compression or injection molding techniques to form a dimpled golf ball of a diameter of 1.680 inches or more.
- the golf balls produced may undergo various further processing steps such as buffing, painting and marking as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,911,451 herein incorporated by reference.
- the resulting golf ball produced from the high acid ionomer resin inner layer and the relatively softer, low flexural modulus outer layer exhibits a desirable coefficient of restitution and durability properties while at the same time offering the feel and spin characteristics associated with soft balata and balata- like covers of the prior art.
- the present invention golf balls in addition to comprising one or more metallic mantle layers, do not utilize a core or core component.
- the present invention golf balls feature a hollow interior.
- the hollow interior may, typically, include air or other gas or gas mixture.
- the air or gas filled interior may be at an elevated pressure, ambient pressure, or a subatmospheric - 3 1 - pressure.
- This hollow configuration eliminates the requirement of a core material and the attendant problems associated therewith such as the cost of the core material (s), manufacturing costs and difficulties in forming a core, and costs associated with selecting, and storing the core or core materials.
- the interior hollow region of the one or more metal layers 20 contains pressurized gas. It is preferred that the gas be at a pressure of at least about 1 atmosphere at typical playing conditions such as 70°F. It is preferred that the pressure be greater than 1 atmosphere.
- the gas may comprise air or any gases or gas mixture typically used for pressurizing recreational or sports balls and accessories.
- the interior region of a metal mantle or shell can be pressurized by introducing one or more gases through a fill hole which is subsequently closed or plugged.
- a gas-producing agent can be disposed within the interior of the mantle and shell and subsequently caused to release or generate gas.
- a metal shell is disposed along the outermost periphery of the golf ball and hence, provides an outer metal surface.
- a metal shell may be deposited on to a dimpled molded golf ball.
- the previously described metal mantle may be used without a polymeric outer cover, and so, provide a golf ball with an outer metal surface.
- Providing a metal outer surface produces a scuff resistant, cut resistant, and very hard surface ball.
- positioning a relatively dense and heavy metal shell about the outer periphery of a golf ball produces a relatively low spinning, long distance ball.
- the high moment of inertia of such a ball will promote long rolling distances .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002291047A CA2291047A1 (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-03-27 | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior |
JP53134598A JP4146904B2 (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-03-27 | Golf ball including a metal mantle having a hollow interior and method of manufacturing the same |
AU68721/98A AU739037B2 (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-03-27 | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior |
GB9922127A GB2337937B (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-03-27 | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4212097P | 1997-03-28 | 1997-03-28 | |
US4243097P | 1997-03-28 | 1997-03-28 | |
US60/042,120 | 1997-03-28 | ||
US60/042,430 | 1997-03-28 | ||
US08/966,446 US6309312B1 (en) | 1996-09-16 | 1997-11-07 | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior |
US08/966,446 | 1997-11-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998043712A1 true WO1998043712A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
Family
ID=27366059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/006197 WO1998043712A1 (en) | 1997-03-28 | 1998-03-27 | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6309312B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4146904B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU739037B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2291047A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2337937B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998043712A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU761048B2 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2003-05-29 | Callaway Golf Company | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle having a hollow interior |
US6705957B2 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2004-03-16 | Timothy M. Owens | Golf ball |
US10362911B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-07-30 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc | Surface cleaning apparatus |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6193618B1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 2001-02-27 | Spalding Sports Worldwide, Inc. | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle with a cellular or liquid core |
US6435983B2 (en) * | 1993-06-01 | 2002-08-20 | Spalding Sports Worldwide, Inc. | Ultimate control, reduced slippage golf ball |
US6685580B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2004-02-03 | Acushnet Company | Three-layer cover for a golf ball including a thin dense layer |
US6743123B2 (en) | 2001-03-23 | 2004-06-01 | Acushnet Company | Golf ball having a high moment of inertia and low driver spin rate |
US6846248B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2005-01-25 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball having a controlled weight distribution about a designated spin axis and a method of making same |
US7037965B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2006-05-02 | Acushnet Company | Golf balls comprising glass ionomers, ormocers, or other hybrid organic/inorganic compositions |
US7238122B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2007-07-03 | Acushnet Company | Ormocer composites for golf ball components |
US6964622B1 (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2005-11-15 | Callaway Golf Company | Golf ball with metal core |
US20070161434A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2007-07-12 | Dufaux Douglas | Golf ball |
US20080057332A1 (en) * | 2006-06-26 | 2008-03-06 | Nanodynamics, Inc. | Methods for making hollow metal spheres |
JP5597997B2 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2014-10-01 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Ball for ball game |
JP5528293B2 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2014-06-25 | 株式会社メイハン | Fully vapor-deposited golf ball and method for producing fully vapor-deposited golf ball |
US9272188B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-03-01 | Nike, Inc. | Multi-layer golf ball with bladder core |
US20140194226A1 (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-07-10 | Acushnet Company | Hollow core golf ball having a hardness gradient |
JP7097693B2 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2022-07-08 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | Golf ball |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1568514A (en) * | 1923-12-22 | 1926-01-05 | Thomas A Lewis | Playing ball |
US3031194A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1962-04-24 | Perfection Finishing Corp | Golf ball structure |
US5314187A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1994-05-24 | Wilson Sporting Goods Co. | Golf ball with improved cover |
US5688192A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-18 | Acushnet Company | Solid construction golf ball incorporating compressible materials |
Family Cites Families (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US707263A (en) | 1900-09-11 | 1902-08-19 | Frank A Seiberling | Golf-ball. |
US697816A (en) | 1901-09-27 | 1902-04-15 | Cleland Davis | Golf-ball. |
US696887A (en) | 1901-11-23 | 1902-04-01 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US696890A (en) | 1902-01-04 | 1902-04-01 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US696891A (en) | 1902-01-04 | 1902-04-01 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US696895A (en) | 1902-02-24 | 1902-04-01 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US700656A (en) | 1902-03-19 | 1902-05-20 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Shell-blank for playing-balls. |
US697925A (en) | 1902-03-24 | 1902-04-15 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Billiard-ball. |
US699089A (en) | 1902-03-25 | 1902-04-29 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Playing-ball. |
US700658A (en) * | 1902-03-25 | 1902-05-20 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Playing-ball. |
US700660A (en) | 1902-04-11 | 1902-05-20 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US704748A (en) | 1902-04-23 | 1902-07-15 | Eleazer Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US704838A (en) | 1902-05-03 | 1902-07-15 | Eleazer Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US701741A (en) | 1902-05-05 | 1902-06-03 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US705359A (en) | 1902-05-09 | 1902-07-22 | Eleazer Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US711177A (en) | 1902-06-12 | 1902-10-14 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Playing-ball. |
US705249A (en) | 1902-06-14 | 1902-07-22 | Eleazar Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US712413A (en) | 1902-06-14 | 1902-10-28 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Golf-ball. |
US711227A (en) | 1902-06-14 | 1902-10-14 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Playing-ball. |
US739753A (en) | 1902-06-14 | 1903-09-22 | Eleazer Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US713772A (en) * | 1902-08-07 | 1902-11-18 | Eleazer Kempshall | Playing-ball. |
US711474A (en) | 1902-08-07 | 1902-10-21 | Henry S Chapman | Playing-ball. |
US727200A (en) | 1902-10-01 | 1903-05-05 | Kempshall Mfg Co | Playing-ball. |
US719499A (en) | 1902-10-13 | 1903-02-03 | Kenyon V Painter | Ball. |
US740403A (en) | 1902-11-17 | 1903-10-06 | Howard Dorrance Day | Ball. |
US720852A (en) | 1903-01-06 | 1903-02-17 | Holdrege Company | Golf-ball. |
US906644A (en) | 1908-05-07 | 1908-12-15 | John B Mears | Tobacco-receptacle. |
US985741A (en) | 1909-08-18 | 1911-02-28 | Francis H Richards | Play-ball. |
US1182605A (en) | 1911-03-28 | 1916-05-09 | Frank L O Wadsworth | Golf-ball. |
US1182604A (en) | 1911-03-28 | 1916-05-09 | Frank L O Wadsworth | Golf-ball. |
US1255388A (en) | 1916-12-14 | 1918-02-05 | Revere Rubber Co | Golf-ball. |
US1270008A (en) | 1917-01-10 | 1918-06-18 | Revere Rubber Co | Method of making resilient balls and apparatus therefor. |
US1339992A (en) | 1917-07-30 | 1920-05-11 | Charles C Wais | Ball and method of making the same |
US1586514A (en) | 1921-01-13 | 1926-06-01 | Arnott Robert Fleming | Balanced ball |
US1591117A (en) | 1925-02-11 | 1926-07-06 | George G Floyd | Golf ball |
US2055326A (en) | 1931-06-08 | 1936-09-22 | Leonard A Young | Golf ball |
US2258331A (en) | 1937-09-08 | 1941-10-07 | Miller Ellis | Manufacture of golf balls and the like |
US2258332A (en) | 1937-09-08 | 1941-10-07 | Miller Ellis | Manufacture of golf balls and the like |
US2258333A (en) | 1937-09-08 | 1941-10-07 | Miller Ellis | Manufacture of golf balls and the like |
US2364955A (en) | 1943-04-01 | 1944-12-12 | William H Diddel | Golf ball |
US2786684A (en) | 1953-12-22 | 1957-03-26 | Louis F Muccino | Golf balls |
US2882058A (en) * | 1958-02-11 | 1959-04-14 | Spalding A G & Bros Inc | Golf ball |
US3218075A (en) | 1962-05-10 | 1965-11-16 | Shakespeare Co | Golf ball |
US3572722A (en) | 1966-07-22 | 1971-03-30 | Dunlop Co Ltd | Play balls |
US3534965A (en) | 1966-07-22 | 1970-10-20 | Dunlop Co Ltd | Play balls |
SE339751B (en) | 1966-07-22 | 1971-10-18 | Dunlop Co Ltd | |
JPS4810618B1 (en) | 1969-03-10 | 1973-04-05 | ||
US3940145A (en) | 1970-11-16 | 1976-02-24 | Gentiluomo Joseph A | Golf ball |
US3908993A (en) | 1971-05-12 | 1975-09-30 | Joseph A Gentiluomo | Centerless thick-walled game ball |
US4085937A (en) | 1975-09-26 | 1978-04-25 | Hugh J. Mclaughlin & Son, Inc. | Composition for a floater golf ball and the floater golf ball made therefrom |
US4123061A (en) | 1976-05-20 | 1978-10-31 | Acushnet Company | Ball and process and composition of matter for production thereof |
US4431193A (en) | 1981-08-25 | 1984-02-14 | Questor Corporation | Golf ball and method of making same |
JPS58118775A (en) | 1982-01-06 | 1983-07-14 | 早川ゴム株式会社 | Golf ball |
US4679795A (en) | 1983-08-01 | 1987-07-14 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Optical brighteners in golf ball covers |
US4839116A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-06-13 | Macgregor Golf Company | Method of molding a foamed core short distance golf ball |
US4836552A (en) | 1984-03-12 | 1989-06-06 | Macgregor Golf Company | Short distance golf ball |
JPS62137075A (en) | 1984-10-30 | 1987-06-19 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Multipiece solid golf ball |
US4674751A (en) | 1984-12-10 | 1987-06-23 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Golf ball having improved playability properties |
US4653758A (en) | 1985-08-22 | 1987-03-31 | Karsten Solheim | Golf ball |
JPH078301B2 (en) | 1986-05-23 | 1995-02-01 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | Solid Golf Ball |
US4805914A (en) | 1986-09-04 | 1989-02-21 | Toland J William | Golf ball and method of making the same |
GB2206889B (en) | 1987-06-11 | 1991-03-20 | Asics Corp | Rubber composition and golf ball comprising it |
US5184838A (en) | 1987-09-18 | 1993-02-09 | Becoat Billie J | Dual wheel driven bicycle |
US4844471A (en) | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-04 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Golf ball core composition including dialkyl tin difatty acid |
US4884814A (en) | 1988-01-15 | 1989-12-05 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Golf ball |
US4995613A (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1991-02-26 | Spin-Alizer Corporation | Process for manufacturing practice golf ball |
US4886275A (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1989-12-12 | Walker Grant W | Golf ball |
JP3124533B2 (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 2001-01-15 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Golf ball |
JP2674627B2 (en) | 1989-03-01 | 1997-11-12 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Large three-piece solid golf ball |
US5150906A (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1992-09-29 | Lisco, Inc. | Multi-piece golf balls and methods of manufacture |
US5480155A (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1996-01-02 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball |
GB2230531B (en) | 1989-03-15 | 1992-06-17 | Bridgestone Corp | Three-piece solid golf ball |
US5020803A (en) | 1989-03-20 | 1991-06-04 | Acushnet Company | Golf ball and method of making same |
US4911451A (en) | 1989-03-29 | 1990-03-27 | Sullivan Michael J | Golf ball cover of neutralized poly(ethylene-acrylic acid) copolymer |
JP2725374B2 (en) | 1989-05-24 | 1998-03-11 | ブリヂストンスポーツ株式会社 | Thread wound golf ball |
US4943055A (en) | 1989-07-24 | 1990-07-24 | Deryl Corley | Weighted warmup ball |
US4986545A (en) | 1989-12-13 | 1991-01-22 | Spalding Sports Worldwide | Golf ball compositions |
US5098105A (en) | 1989-12-13 | 1992-03-24 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball compositions |
US5187013A (en) | 1989-12-13 | 1993-02-16 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball compositions |
JPH0435674A (en) | 1990-06-01 | 1992-02-06 | Bridgestone Corp | Manufacture of rubberthread-wound gold ball |
US5018740A (en) | 1990-06-13 | 1991-05-28 | Spalding & Evenflo Companies, Inc. | Golf ball core |
US5120791A (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1992-06-09 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball cover compositions |
FR2666018A1 (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1992-02-28 | Salomon Sa | GOLF BALL. |
US5439227A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1995-08-08 | Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. | Multi-piece solid golf ball |
US5273286A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-12-28 | Sun Donald J C | Multiple concentric section golf ball |
GB2276093B (en) | 1993-03-12 | 1996-03-20 | Bridgestone Sports Co Ltd | Golf ball |
JP3057624B2 (en) | 1993-04-27 | 2000-07-04 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Thread wound golf ball |
JP3349557B2 (en) | 1993-08-13 | 2002-11-25 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Thread wound golf ball |
JP3257890B2 (en) | 1993-12-29 | 2002-02-18 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Golf ball |
US5759676A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-06-02 | Acushnet Company | Multilayer golf ball |
US5645497A (en) | 1995-10-03 | 1997-07-08 | Lisco, Inc. | Golf ball |
JPH10247A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-01-06 | Bridgestone Sports Co Ltd | Golf ball |
US6004225A (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1999-12-21 | Owens; Timothy M. | Golf ball |
-
1997
- 1997-11-07 US US08/966,446 patent/US6309312B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-03-27 GB GB9922127A patent/GB2337937B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-27 JP JP53134598A patent/JP4146904B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-27 WO PCT/US1998/006197 patent/WO1998043712A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-27 CA CA002291047A patent/CA2291047A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-27 AU AU68721/98A patent/AU739037B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1568514A (en) * | 1923-12-22 | 1926-01-05 | Thomas A Lewis | Playing ball |
US3031194A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1962-04-24 | Perfection Finishing Corp | Golf ball structure |
US5314187A (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1994-05-24 | Wilson Sporting Goods Co. | Golf ball with improved cover |
US5688192A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-18 | Acushnet Company | Solid construction golf ball incorporating compressible materials |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6705957B2 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2004-03-16 | Timothy M. Owens | Golf ball |
US6976925B2 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 2005-12-20 | Nanodynamics, Inc. | Golf ball |
AU761048B2 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2003-05-29 | Callaway Golf Company | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle having a hollow interior |
GB2362581B (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2003-06-18 | Spalding Sports Worldwide Inc | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle having a hollow interior |
JP2003525066A (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2003-08-26 | スポルディング、スポーツ、ワールドワイド、インク | Low spin golf ball with hollow mantle inside |
US10362911B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2019-07-30 | Omachron Intellectual Property Inc | Surface cleaning apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6309312B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 |
CA2291047A1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
GB2337937B (en) | 2001-06-20 |
GB2337937A (en) | 1999-12-08 |
JP4146904B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
AU6872198A (en) | 1998-10-22 |
GB9922127D0 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
JP2002509459A (en) | 2002-03-26 |
AU739037B2 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AU738715B2 (en) | Golf ball and method of making same | |
US6612939B1 (en) | Golf ball comprising a metal, ceramic, or composite mantle or inner layer | |
US6435985B1 (en) | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle with a cellular or liquid core | |
AU761048B2 (en) | Low spin golf ball comprising a mantle having a hollow interior | |
US6309312B1 (en) | Golf ball comprising a metal mantle having a hollow interior | |
US20020022537A1 (en) | Low spin golf ball comprising a metal, ceramic, or composite mantle or inner layer | |
GB2357042A (en) | Golf ball comprising of a metal mantle having a hollow interior | |
GB2357039A (en) | Golf ball and method of making same | |
AU761494B2 (en) | Golf ball comprising a metal, ceramic, or composite mantle or inner layer | |
WO2000047670A1 (en) | Low spin golf ball comprising a metal, ceramic, or composite mantle or inner layer | |
GB2360221A (en) | Golf ball comprising a metal, ceramic, or composite mantle or inner layer |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA GB JP KR |
|
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2291047 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2291047 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 68721/98 Country of ref document: AU |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: GB Ref document number: 9922127 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 68721/98 Country of ref document: AU |