WO1998044342A1 - Measuring device with electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in whole - Google Patents

Measuring device with electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in whole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998044342A1
WO1998044342A1 PCT/KR1998/000064 KR9800064W WO9844342A1 WO 1998044342 A1 WO1998044342 A1 WO 1998044342A1 KR 9800064 W KR9800064 W KR 9800064W WO 9844342 A1 WO9844342 A1 WO 9844342A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
measuring device
porous membrane
layer
electrodes
membrane substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR1998/000064
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Geun-Sig Cha
Original Assignee
Samduck International Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samduck International Corporation filed Critical Samduck International Corporation
Priority to US09/381,788 priority Critical patent/US6210907B1/en
Publication of WO1998044342A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998044342A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/60—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrostatic variables, e.g. electrographic flaw testing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/60—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving cholesterol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/001—Enzyme electrodes
    • C12Q1/005—Enzyme electrodes involving specific analytes or enzymes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
    • G01N27/3271—Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood
    • G01N27/3274—Corrective measures, e.g. error detection, compensation for temperature or hematocrit, calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/26—Conditioning of the fluid carrier; Flow patterns
    • G01N30/28—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier
    • G01N2030/285—Control of physical parameters of the fluid carrier electrically driven carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
    • G01N2030/8809—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample
    • G01N2030/8813—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials
    • G01N2030/8822—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86 analysis specially adapted for the sample biological materials involving blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02—Column chromatography
    • G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
    • G01N30/64—Electrical detectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
    • Y10S435/962—Prevention or removal of interfering materials or reactants or other treatment to enhance results, e.g. determining or preventing nonspecific binding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10S436/806—Electrical property or magnetic property

Definitions

  • IPC International Patent Classification
  • a EP 0 593 096 A2 (MEDISENSE) 20 April 1994 (20.04.94), 1-18 page 3, lines 1-27; examples; claims.
  • a EP 0 104 935 A2 (THE YELLOW SPRINGS INSTRUMENT 1-18 COMPANY, INC.) 04 April 1984 (04.04.84), page 6, line 13 - page 7, line 22; page 8, lines 8-13; page 9, lines 7-10,12-14; claims.
  • the pres. nt invention relates to a measuring devi _e with electrodes on porous membrane substrate in which the sample migrates chromatographically , and the method of quantifying material m the sample by using tne device
  • Tne method of quantifying contains processes as follows : the sample material for measuring is chromatographically migrated in the porous membrane substrate on applying r.ne sample by the lower part of the porous membrane substrate; and then the changes of electric signal (i.e. current, potential, conductivity, etc.) by the material at the electrode is measured to quantify the material .
  • measuring the concentration of small amount of c rganic/inorganic species is carried out by chemical methods; • ,r example, iron salt-sulfui ic acid read on or p-toluene salt-sulfuric acid reaction, which are u ; ed in quantifying cholesterol in blood.
  • iron salt-sulfui ic acid read on or p-toluene salt-sulfuric acid reaction which are u ; ed in quantifying cholesterol in blood.
  • mmunologi cal method using antibody or enzymatic method are often employed these days . These methods are extensively used because of the small amounc of h ° sample, superior selectivity and accuracy, and also t.h- ease of its manipuJ ation .
  • the chromatographic method using porous membrane substrate i . e. nitrocellulose papers, filter papers and so on
  • porous membrane substrate i . e. nitrocellulose papers, filter papers and so on
  • the method using sensor with electrodes is widely used in analyzing and measuring the material.
  • the method is performed by measuring the changes of the material resulting from immunological or enzymatic reaction electrically through electrodes.
  • This method has merits of superior selectivity and accuracy. But it also has demerits of the inability to pretreat the sample due to the difficulties in employing pretreatment band.
  • the sample is adjusted beforehand to be applicable to the electrometer, and then it is applied to electrometer.
  • complicated analyzing steps and requirement of skilled personnel remain as the problems of this method. 98/44342
  • the present invention intends tu provide a measuring device which comprises porous membra e and electrode in whole, and so the pretreatment of the sample, which is an indispensable step in quantifying the material, and the quantification of the material by electrometer can be conducted in one system.
  • the present invention intends to provide the method of quantifying material in the sample by using the device .
  • FIG. 1 is a scheme of process for preparing amperometric electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate .
  • FIG. 2A is a front view of the amperometric electrodes prepared by process depicted in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B x of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view along the line C-C of FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 3 is a structure of amperometric sensor for quantifying LDL cholesterol and its principle.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cyclic voltammogram of hydrogen peroxi ⁇ e (H 2 0 2 ) for a version of amperometric sensor, which comprises w ''eking electrode made of conductive cation paste, fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sensitivity to H 2 0 2 , and a calibration curve of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate, to H 2 0 2 at 0.7 V in phosphate buffer solution(0.2 M, pH 7.0).
  • FIG. 6 shows a sensor to sensor sensitivity to H 2 0 2 , and a calibration curve at different K 2 0 2 concentrations to each sensor of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate, at 0.7 V and changing the concentration of H 2 0 2 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a sensor to sensor sensitivity to LDL cholesterol in cholesterol, and a calibration curve at different LDL cholesterol concentration to each sensor of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate, at 0.7 V and changing the concentration of LDL cholesterol.
  • the invention has characteristics of carrying out the pretreatment and quantification of the material simultaneously. That is, pretreating the sample in pretreatment bands which are in the lower part of porous membrane s ostrate, and quantifying the pretreo ed material in the ⁇ ectrodes which are in upper part of porous membrane fc ⁇ bstrate, by measuring the change of electric signal.
  • porous membrane substrate which make the sample material migrate chromatographically can be used in this invention.
  • paper such as nitrocellulose paper; filter papers; organic polymer such as hydrophilic polymer, etc.; and inorganic polymer such as hydroscopic ceramics are preferred and the most- preferable one is nitrocellulose paper.
  • various layers may be employed, such as a layer which removes the interferents from the sample; a layer which converts the sample to be detectable by electrode; a layer which provides the optimum conditions for the electrode to detect the material; and so on.
  • the layer which remove the interferents from the sample such as the antibody layer- in which various antigens in the sample are removed by reacting with antigens; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) layer in which heavy metal is removed; enzyme layer which converts the sample to be detectable by electrode; and buffer/surfactant layer which provides the optimum condition for the electrode to detect the material .
  • the antibody layer- in which various antigens in the sample are removed by reacting with antigens
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • enzyme layer which converts the sample to be detectable by electrode
  • buffer/surfactant layer which provides the optimum condition for the electrode to detect the material .
  • electrometers such as volta metri c , amperometric, potentiometric and conductance method electrometers may be used to read changes of electric signal occurred in the electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate.
  • the measuring device of this invention comprises porous membrane substrate 10; insulating layer 11A and 11B, which are attached to the center and lower part of porous membrane substrate 10. These layers prevent oxidation of connection pad 15 by penetration of the sample.
  • porous membrane substrate .-0 which comprises paper such as nitrocellulose paper, filter paper; organic polymer such as hydrophilic polymer; and inorganic polymer such as hydroscopic ceramics for preventing the oxidation of connection pad 15 by penetrating of the sample .
  • the working electrode 12 and counte; electrode 13 are constructed en porous membrane substrate 10 using conducting carbon paste, modified conducting carbon pastes [e.g. heavy metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide (Ru0 2 ) or organometallic aompounds such as cobalt (II) phthalocyanine] or noble metal pastes such as gold(Au), platinum(Pt) .
  • the reference electrode 14 is constructed on porous membrane substrate 10 using silver/silver chloride. Electrodes 12 to 14 are fabricated at the edge of insulating layer 11A to slightly overlap the edge and to be formed right on the porous membrane substrate 10, so that the sample can react by penetrating it. Process III and IV
  • Connection pad 15 is made with silver, etc., for connecting the electrodes to the electrometer, and then the insulating layer 11C wraps the connection pad 15 to prevent the short of electrodes.
  • the components are formed by screen printing method, and then, densified by heat treatment, for example, at 50 to 150°C for 15 to 30 minutes.
  • FIG. 2A is a front view of the measuring device by the process which is depicted in FIG. 1, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A ⁇ , FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B*, and FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view along line C-C".
  • FIGs.l and 2 oxidation of connection-pad 15 by penetration of the sample is prevented because connection pad is wrapped up from top to bottom with insulating layer 11A and 11C.
  • the sample material for measuring migrates from porous membrane substrate to electrodes by capillary phenomenon.
  • Cholesterol consists of high density lipoprotein (HDL) , iow density lipoprotein (LDL) and very 1. density lipoprotein (VLDL) .
  • HDL high density lipoprotein
  • LDL iow density lipoprotein
  • VLDL very 1. density lipoprotein
  • HDL and VLDL in blood are removed beforehand with enzyme, which selectively reacts with HDL and VLDL, and then LDL concentration is measured. Also, HDL is determined after removing LDL and VLDL using the enzyme which is selective to LDL and VLDL.
  • the method for determining LDL concentration in blood comprises processes as follows:
  • HDL and VLDL in blood are removed using HDL and VLDL antibody;
  • LDL is converted to cholesterol ester by surfactant
  • cholesterol is obtained by hydrolysis of cholesterol ester by cholesterol esterase (CED) ;
  • H 2 0 2 and cholesterol -4 -en - 3 -one are generated from the reaction of cholesterol and cholesterol oxidase (COD) ; _ ⁇ an'-' the electric signal is generated from i ⁇ do reaction of. H 2 0 2 and amperometric electrometer.
  • Amperometric sensor using porous membrane substrate is not reusable in determining the concentration of a material, and this differentiates the electrode shown by the calibration curve and the electrode determining the concentration in actual application. Therefore, sensor to sensor reproducibility has a very important effect on the reliability of this sensor.
  • the sensor in which electrodes are fabricated on porous membrane substrate is compared with the sensor in which electrodes are fabricated on
  • FIG. 5 show? a calibration curve of a version of a sensor, which is fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate, and which consists of silver/silver chloride reference electrode and conductive carbon electrode as working electrode and counter electrode, at 0.7 V.
  • the calibration curve shows the results according to the changes of the concentration of the sample by adding 5 ⁇ l of H 2 O 2 (30%) in 50 ml of phosphoric acid buffer solution(0.2 M, pH 7.0).
  • the calibration curve shows linearity in the range of 0.88 to 5.28 mM concentration.
  • FIG. 6 shows a calibration curve of a version of a sensor , which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate to H 2 0 2 .
  • FIG. 6 shows a calibration curve of a version of a sensor , which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate to H 2 0 2 .
  • calibration curve has linearity in the range of 0.44 to 3.4 mM concentration, the major concerning range of concentration. Comparing FIG. 5 with FIG. 6, linearity and sensitivity of the calibration curve in using the sensor in which various electrodes are fabricated on porous membrane substrate are very similar to those using the sensor in which an electrode is fabricated on aluminum oxide substrate. Therefore, reproducibility of the measuring device, which comprises electrodes fabricated

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring device which comprises electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in which the sample migrates chromatographically; and a method for quantifying material in the sample by using the device. The sample material can be quantified by the measuring device, which consists of pretreatment bands in the lower part of the porous membrane substrate and electrodes in the upper part of the pretreatment bands, by the procedure as follows: the sample material is chromatographically migrated in the porous membrane substrate by applying the sample on the lower part of the porous membrane substrate; the changes of the electric signal at the electrode are measured to quantify the material. The analyzing method of this invention has merits; no additional preparation of the sample is needed; a simple and quantitative analysis of the material in short time; economical efficiency because of the dispensability of skilled personnel due to easy manipulation.

Description

INTERNATIONALSEARCH REPORT International application No.
PCT/KR 98/00064
A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER
IPC6: G 01 N 27/327, 33/00
According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and IPC
-B.___ FIELDS SEARCHED
Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols)
IPC6: G 01 N
Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in the fields searched
Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used)
Questel Telesystems London; File: WPI
C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT
Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No.
A EP 0 593 096 A2 (MEDISENSE) 20 April 1994 (20.04.94), 1-18 page 3, lines 1-27; examples; claims. A DD 278 873 Al (MARTIN-LUTHER-UNIVERSITAT HALLE-WITTEN= 1-18 BERG) 16 May 1990 (16.05.90), examples; claims. A EP 0 104 935 A2 (THE YELLOW SPRINGS INSTRUMENT 1-18 COMPANY, INC.) 04 April 1984 (04.04.84), page 6, line 13 - page 7, line 22; page 8, lines 8-13; page 9, lines 7-10,12-14; claims.
D Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. Sec patent family annex.
* Special categories of cited documents: "T" later document published after the international filing daleor priority
"Λ" document defining the general state of the art which is not considered date and not in conflict with the application but cited to understand lo be of particular relevance the principle or theory underlying Ihc invention
"G" earlier document but published on or after die international filing date "X" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive
"L" document which may throw doubts on priority clalm(s) or which is step when the document is taken alone cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other special reason (as specified) "Y" document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be
"O" document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other considered lo involve an inventive step when the document is means combined with oncor more oilier such documents, such combination being obvious to a person skilled in the art
"P" document published prior to the international filing date but later than Ihc priority date claimed "&" document member of the same patent family
Dale of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report
09 June 1998 (09.06.98) 19 June 1998 (19.06.98)
Name and mailing address of the ISA/ AT Authorized officer
AUSTRIAN PATENT OFFICE Kohlmarkt 8-10 Tengler A-1014 Vienna Facsimile No. 1/53424/535 Telephone No. 1/53424/213 INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT
International application No.
Information on patent family members
PCT/KR 98/00064
Iβ Rechercb,enberιcht Datud der Mittιlied(er) der Datum der anqeiii ries Patentdokuaent verdffentlichunq Patent aml lie Verόffentlichung
Patent document cited Publication Patent family Publication in search report date ■etiberts) date
Document de brevet cltέ Date de Membre(s) de la Date de
-dans le rapport de recherche publication famllle de brevets publication n_,-"A2 , "0 ή 0-O4--r?-"ι AU At 38 2 89 1 - 90 AU B2 22J96 '," •04 -92 CA Al 131.3397 02-0 EP AΓ 3:- 2J R 24-03 90 _P A"1-. 7 - 1 - 90 A3 r-/V3l"ι9<f) O :,- 12-97
GB At i ΠOJ / , ι ^4 -OB- - 130 JP A 2 2! J 2752 20-04-90 A. -170073 I <-)„05-..-?r) k .- L 11 c> none r len
FP A 2 L0A uό oA- 04-R4 EP A3 10493F. 22-0R- 84 JP A 590ΛJ 772 09-04- ■94
Form PCT/ISA/210 (patent family annex) (July 1992) Measuring device with electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in whole
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The pres. nt invention relates to a measuring devi _e with electrodes on porous membrane substrate in which the sample migrates chromatographically , and the method of quantifying material m the sample by using tne device
More specifically, this invent lcr. reiar.es to a measuring device with pretreatment cands i the lower part of porous membrane substrate- and electrodes in the upper part of pretreatment bands. Tne method of quantifying contains processes as follows : the sample material for measuring is chromatographically migrated in the porous membrane substrate on applying r.ne sample by the lower part of the porous membrane substrate; and then the changes of electric signal (i.e. current, potential, conductivity, etc.) by the material at the electrode is measured to quantify the material .
Recently, the need cf quantification of organic/ inorganic species in the sample is increasing for the purposes of diagnosing and preventing diseases, adjusting processes in food and industrial chemistry field or analyzing pollutants.
Firstly, measuring the concentration of small amount of c rganic/inorganic species is carried out by chemical methods; • ,r example, iron salt-sulfui ic acid read on or p-toluene salt-sulfuric acid reaction, which are u ;ed in quantifying cholesterol in blood. However, there are demerits ±n using these methods, because the above reactions are very sensitive to the experimen al condition, requires large amounts of sample, and suffers from a severe interference. Thus, other methods such as mmunologi cal method using antibody or enzymatic method are often employed these days . These methods are extensively used because of the small amounc of h° sample, superior selectivity and accuracy, and also t.h- ease of its manipuJ ation .
Since immunological or enzymatic methods cannot give direct results, the concentration measurement is observed with fluorometry, colorimetry, spectrometry and electrochemical method using electrodes.
Among these methods, the chromatographic method using porous membrane substrate (i . e. nitrocellulose papers, filter papers and so on) can separate or remove the interfering material during the migration due to capillary phenomenon by the measuring sample. 98/44342
Additionally, various substrates in which the sample is pretreated are easily fabricated with this method. Therefore, it has been extensively used in various fields such as pregnancy diagnosis kit, cholesterol sensor, and' so forth. However, ..he chromatographic method using porous membrane substrate is not suitable for quantitative analysis, because it is mainly used in qualitative analysis by observing the change of color or tint by the naked eye.
Recently, the method using sensor with electrodes is widely used in analyzing and measuring the material. The method is performed by measuring the changes of the material resulting from immunological or enzymatic reaction electrically through electrodes. This method has merits of superior selectivity and accuracy. But it also has demerits of the inability to pretreat the sample due to the difficulties in employing pretreatment band. In order to quantify the material by electrodes, the sample is adjusted beforehand to be applicable to the electrometer, and then it is applied to electrometer. However, complicated analyzing steps and requirement of skilled personnel remain as the problems of this method. 98/44342
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, which is presented to solve the above mentioned problems, intends tu provide a measuring device which comprises porous membra e and electrode in whole, and so the pretreatment of the sample, which is an indispensable step in quantifying the material, and the quantification of the material by electrometer can be conducted in one system. The present invention intends to provide the method of quantifying material in the sample by using the device .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a scheme of process for preparing amperometric electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate .
FIG. 2A is a front view of the amperometric electrodes prepared by process depicted in FIG. 1.
FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 2A.
FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view along the line B-Bx of FIG. 2A. FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view along the line C-C of FIG. 2A. FIG. 3 is a structure of amperometric sensor for quantifying LDL cholesterol and its principle.
FIG. 4 shows a cyclic voltammogram of hydrogen peroxiαe (H202) for a version of amperometric sensor, which comprises w ''eking electrode made of conductive cation paste, fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate.
FIG. 5 shows a sensitivity to H202, and a calibration curve of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate, to H202 at 0.7 V in phosphate buffer solution(0.2 M, pH 7.0).
FIG. 6 shows a sensor to sensor sensitivity to H202, and a calibration curve at different K202 concentrations to each sensor of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate, at 0.7 V and changing the concentration of H202.
FIG. 7 shows a sensor to sensor sensitivity to LDL cholesterol in cholesterol, and a calibration curve at different LDL cholesterol concentration to each sensor of a version of the amperometric sensor, which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate, at 0.7 V and changing the concentration of LDL cholesterol.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention has characteristics of carrying out the pretreatment and quantification of the material simultaneously. That is, pretreating the sample in pretreatment bands which are in the lower part of porous membrane s ostrate, and quantifying the pretreo ed material in the < ectrodes which are in upper part of porous membrane fcαbstrate, by measuring the change of electric signal.
All kinds of porous membrane substrate which make the sample material migrate chromatographically can be used in this invention. For example, paper such as nitrocellulose paper; filter papers; organic polymer such as hydrophilic polymer, etc.; and inorganic polymer such as hydroscopic ceramics are preferred and the most- preferable one is nitrocellulose paper.
In the lower part of porous membrane substrate, various layers may be employed, such as a layer which removes the interferents from the sample; a layer which converts the sample to be detectable by electrode; a layer which provides the optimum conditions for the electrode to detect the material; and so on.
There are some kinds of the layer which remove the interferents from the sample such as the antibody layer- in which various antigens in the sample are removed by reacting with antigens; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) layer in which heavy metal is removed; enzyme layer which converts the sample to be detectable by electrode; and buffer/surfactant layer which provides the optimum condition for the electrode to detect the material .
Aαditional ly, electrometers such as volta metri c , amperometric, potentiometric and conductance method electrometers may be used to read changes of electric signal occurred in the electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate.
As for the preferred embodiment of the measuring device of this invention, the method for preparation and use of the electrometer fabricated on porous membrane substrate is described in detail. As depicted in FIGs . 2A to 2D, the measuring device of this invention comprises porous membrane substrate 10; insulating layer 11A and 11B, which are attached to the center and lower part of porous membrane substrate 10. These layers prevent oxidation of connection pad 15 by penetration of the sample. There are working electrode 12, counter electrode 13 and reference electrode 14, which is fabricated at the edge of center part of insulating layer 11A; connection pad 15, which connects the above electrodes 12 to 14 with electrometer; and insulating layer 11C, which prevents the short of the above electrodes 12 to 14.
7 This measuring device of this invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1.
Process I Fiistly, insulating layei _1A and 11B are fabricated on porous membrane substrate .-0, which comprises paper such as nitrocellulose paper, filter paper; organic polymer such as hydrophilic polymer; and inorganic polymer such as hydroscopic ceramics for preventing the oxidation of connection pad 15 by penetrating of the sample .
Process II
Secondly, the working electrode 12 and counte; electrode 13 are constructed en porous membrane substrate 10 using conducting carbon paste, modified conducting carbon pastes [e.g. heavy metal oxides such as ruthenium oxide (Ru02) or organometallic aompounds such as cobalt (II) phthalocyanine] or noble metal pastes such as gold(Au), platinum(Pt) . Afterwards, the reference electrode 14 is constructed on porous membrane substrate 10 using silver/silver chloride. Electrodes 12 to 14 are fabricated at the edge of insulating layer 11A to slightly overlap the edge and to be formed right on the porous membrane substrate 10, so that the sample can react by penetrating it. Process III and IV
Connection pad 15 is made with silver, etc., for connecting the electrodes to the electrometer, and then the insulating layer 11C wraps the connection pad 15 to prevent the short of electrodes.
In each process, the components are formed by screen printing method, and then, densified by heat treatment, for example, at 50 to 150°C for 15 to 30 minutes.
FIG. 2A is a front view of the measuring device by the process which is depicted in FIG. 1, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along the line A-Aλ , FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B*, and FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view along line C-C". As illustrated in the FIGs.l and 2, oxidation of connection-pad 15 by penetration of the sample is prevented because connection pad is wrapped up from top to bottom with insulating layer 11A and 11C. The sample material for measuring migrates from porous membrane substrate to electrodes by capillary phenomenon.
A detailed description of quantifying the sample material with the measuring device of this invention follows, taking the measurement of cholesterol concentration in blood as an example. Quantifying cholesterol is only one example and various other materials may be quantified in accordance with various layers .
Cholesterol consists of high density lipoprotein (HDL) , iow density lipoprotein (LDL) and very 1. density lipoprotein (VLDL) . The higher the concentration of HDL in blood, the lower the attacking rate of disease relevant to blood vessel such as arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and so on. However, it is known that the higher the concentration of LDL in blood, the larger the accumulation of thrombus and fat in blood and the higher- attacking rate of arteriosclerosis. Thus, measuring LDL or HDL concentration in blood for diagnosing the diseases such as arteriosc erosis is a necessity. In order to determine LDL cholesterol concentration in blood, HDL and VLDL in blood are removed beforehand with enzyme, which selectively reacts with HDL and VLDL, and then LDL concentration is measured. Also, HDL is determined after removing LDL and VLDL using the enzyme which is selective to LDL and VLDL.
The method for determining LDL concentration in blood comprises processes as follows:
HDL and VLDL in blood are removed using HDL and VLDL antibody;
LDL is converted to cholesterol ester by surfactant;
10 cholesterol is obtained by hydrolysis of cholesterol ester by cholesterol esterase (CED) ;
H202 and cholesterol -4 -en - 3 -one are generated from the reaction of cholesterol and cholesterol oxidase (COD) ; _■ an'-' the electric signal is generated from i^do reaction of. H202 and amperometric electrometer.
The above procedures are shown in Scheme I, and structure and reaction mechanism of the fabricated electrode are illustrated in FIG. 3. And, redox reaction 0 of H202 is also shown in Scheme I. Scheme I
triton X -100 Lipoprotein -► Cholesterol ester
5 CED Cholesterol ester + H20 " Cholesterol 4- RCOOH
. . i Λ COD
Cholesterol + 02 *- Cholest-4-en-3-one + H202
2H202 --. o2 + 2H20 + 2e
0
H202 + 2e" - 20H"
Concentration of various organic/inorganic materials in biosamples such as blood, urine; environmental sample;
25 industrial sample; or foodstuffs as well as that of cholesterol may be quantified by measuring changes of the
11 electric signal in the electrode by material, which is pretreated in various layers fabricated on porous membrane substrate in accordance with various samples. In order „o confirm the applicability of the measuring device of th. s invention which is consisted of electrodes, porous ••embrane substrate and so on, concentration of H202, one of the final products by enzymacic reaction was measured. Firstly, oxidation potential of amperometric sensor to H202 was measured and depicted in FIG. 4, which shows the cyclic voltammogram. The amperometric sensor is consisted of silver/si Iver chloride reference electrode and conductive carbon electrode, which is fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate, as working and counter electrode. As a result of this measurement, it. is apparent that H202 is oxidized from the upper level of 0.7 V.
Amperometric sensor using porous membrane substrate is not reusable in determining the concentration of a material, and this differentiates the electrode shown by the calibration curve and the electrode determining the concentration in actual application. Therefore, sensor to sensor reproducibility has a very important effect on the reliability of this sensor. In order to experiment sensor to sensor reproducibility, the sensor in which electrodes are fabricated on porous membrane substrate is compared with the sensor in which electrodes are fabricated on
12 usual aluminum oxide substrate, then the reproducibility and sensitivity of the sensor are measured, (c.f. FIGs. 5 and 6 )
FIG. 5 show? a calibration curve of a version of a sensor, which is fabricated on usual aluminum oxide substrate, and which consists of silver/silver chloride reference electrode and conductive carbon electrode as working electrode and counter electrode, at 0.7 V. The calibration curve shows the results according to the changes of the concentration of the sample by adding 5 μl of H2O2(30%) in 50 ml of phosphoric acid buffer solution(0.2 M, pH 7.0). As apparent from FIG. 5, the calibration curve shows linearity in the range of 0.88 to 5.28 mM concentration. FIG. 6 shows a calibration curve of a version of a sensor , which is fabricated on porous membrane substrate to H202. As apparent from FIG. 6, calibration curve has linearity in the range of 0.44 to 3.4 mM concentration, the major concerning range of concentration. Comparing FIG. 5 with FIG. 6, linearity and sensitivity of the calibration curve in using the sensor in which various electrodes are fabricated on porous membrane substrate are very similar to those using the sensor in which an electrode is fabricated on aluminum oxide substrate. Therefore, reproducibility of the measuring device, which comprises electrodes fabricated
13

Claims

on porous membrane substrate, has superior features.(Effects of the Invention)The analyzing method using th measuring device of ιis invention has merits that no addir c "al preparation f the sample is needed, analyzing process being simplified, quantitative analysis of the material made possible in a short time, and that it is economical because of the dispensability of skilled personnel due to easy manipulation.While the invention has been described by reference to a specific example chosen for the purposes, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited by the preferred embodimentsEXAMPLE I. Preparation of the measuring deviceElectrodes were fabricated on the upper part of nitrocellulose paper, then pretreatment bands such as antibody layer, detergent layer and enzyme layer, were successively fabricated on the lower part of nitrocellulose paper, ic.f. FIG. 3)1) Employing pretreatment bandsHDL and VLDL antibodies were employed as an antibody14 layer, and triton X-100, the surfactant, was employed as a detergent layer. Cholesterol esterase (CED) and cholesterol oxidase (COD) were employed as an enzyme layer .2) Preparation of electrodesInsulating layer was constructed on nitrocellulose paper , then working and counter electrodes were fabricated with platinu (Pt) or conducting carbon, and silver/silver chloride reference electrode was fabricated on porous membrane substrate. These electrodes were connected to electrometer with silver, and wrapped up with the insulating layer.II. Method for quantifying LDL cholesterolStandard solution of cholesterol was dropped on the lower part of sensor, then the concentration of LDL cholesterol was quantified. FIG. 7 shows a calibration curve of LDL cholesterol in the total cholesterol in the sample in case of using the amperometric cholesterol sensor of this invention. As apparent from FIG. 7, the amperometric cholesterol sensor of this invention with various electrodes displayed linearity and reproducibility to LDL cholesterol in a range of 30 to 350 mg/l00 ml, which is range of the concentration of LDL cholesterol in blood.15 What is claimed is:
1. Measuring device which comprises electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in whole in which sample migrates c.-romatographically .
2. The measuring device of claim 1 wherein pretreatment bands are constructed on the lower part of porous membrane substrate, and electrodes are fabricated on the upper part of porous membrane substrate .
3. The measuring device of claim 2 wherein electrodes are selected from a group consisting of voltammetric , amperometric, potentio etri c or conductometric electrodes.
4. The measurinq device of claim 2 wherein pretreatment bands comprises a layer removing interferents, a layer converting a sample to be detectable by electrodes, and a layer providing optimum condition for the electrode to detect by electrode.
5. The measuring device of claim 4 wherein the layer removing the interferents comprises antibody and/or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) layer.
6. The measuring device of claim 4 wherein the layer
16 converting the sample to be detectable by electrodes comprises enzyme layer.
7. The measuring device of claim 4 wherein the layer providing the optimum -jondition for electrode to detect the material comprises buffer solution and/or surfactant layer.
8. The measuring device of claim 1 wherein porous membrane substrate comprises paper such as nitrocellulose paper, filter paper; organic polymer such as hydrophilic polymer; or inorganic polymers such as hydroscopic ceramics .
9. The measuring device of claim 1 wherein the measuring device is comprises: porous membrane substrate 10; insulating layer 11A and 11B, which are constructed on the center and lower part of porous membrane substrate 10, to prevent oxidation of connection pad 15 due to penetration of the sample; working electrode 12, counter electrode 13 and reference electrode 14, which are fabricated at the edge of insulating layer 11A, which is constructed on the center part of porous membrane substrate; connection pad 15, which connects electrodes 12 to 14 with circuit of electrometer; and insulating layer 11C, which prevents
17 the short of electrodes 12 to 14.
10. The measuring device of claim 9 wherein the working electrodes 12 comprises conducting carbon paste, modi "..led conducting carbon pastes [e.g. heavy . -t.tal oxides such as ruthenium oxide (Ru02) or organometallic compounds such as cobalt (II) phthalocyanine] or noble metal pastes such as gold(Au) , platinum (Pt) .
11. The measuring device of claim 9 wherein the counter electrode 13 comprises conducting carbon paste or noble metals such as gold(Au), platinum (Pt) .
12. The measuring device of claim 9 wherein the reference electrode 14 comprises silver, silver epoxy, silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl ) or silver/silver ion.
13. The measuring device of claim 1 or 2 wherein the measuring device comprises pretreatment bands in the lower part of porous membrane substrate, which consist of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) antibody layers, surfactant layer and cholesterol esterase (CED) and cholesterol oxidase(COD) enzyme layers, and electrodes which are in the upper part of porous membrane substrate for measuring cholesterol concentration .
PCT/KR1998/000064 1997-03-31 1998-03-26 Measuring device with electrodes fabricated on porous membrane substrate in whole WO1998044342A1 (en)

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