WO1998046339A1 - Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing - Google Patents
Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998046339A1 WO1998046339A1 PCT/US1998/006965 US9806965W WO9846339A1 WO 1998046339 A1 WO1998046339 A1 WO 1998046339A1 US 9806965 W US9806965 W US 9806965W WO 9846339 A1 WO9846339 A1 WO 9846339A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fluid
- flow path
- blood
- path
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008320 venous blood flow Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/26—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes and internal elements which are moving
- A61M1/262—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes and internal elements which are moving rotating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
- B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
- B01D63/043—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies with separate tube sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/16—Rotary, reciprocated or vibrated modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
- B01F27/271—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed radially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1698—Blood oxygenators with or without heat-exchangers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
- A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
- A61M2206/14—Static flow deviators in tubes disturbing laminar flow in tubes, e.g. archimedes screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/20—Specific housing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/20—Specific housing
- B01D2313/206—Specific housing characterised by the material
- B01D2313/2061—Organic, e.g. polymeric material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2033—By influencing the flow dynamically
- B01D2321/2041—Mixers; Agitators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/20—By influencing the flow
- B01D2321/2083—By reversing the flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
- Y10S261/28—Blood oxygenators
Definitions
- This invention relates to a mass transfer apparatus which actively mixes a first mass with a second mass wherein the mass transfer apparatus has hollow fiber membranes carrying the first mass which are rotated or agitated within the second mass thus providing three- dimensional mass transfer. More particularly, this invention concerns a blood oxygenator comprising a rotor hub and a plurality of rotor members each having a plurality of hollow fiber membranes wherein the rotor hub supplies the hollow fiber membranes with oxygen and the plurality of rotor members rotate within the venous blood such that the oxygen which diffuses across the hollow fiber membranes is actively mixed with the venous blood flow.
- membrane oxygenators to oxygenate blood is well known in the art.
- One type of conventional membrane oxygenator employs bundles of hollow fibers retained within a cylindrical housing wherein oxygen is pumped through the hollow fibers in the same direction as the blood.
- the hollow fibers consist of a microporous membrane which is impermeable to blood and permeable to gas. Gas exchange takes place when venous blood flows through the housing and contacts the hollow fibers. Based on the law of diffusion the oxygen diffuses across the hollow fiber walls and enriches venous blood in contact with these hollow fibers. Examples of this type of membrane oxygenator are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,620,965 issued to Fukusawa et al. and U.S. Patent No. 4,698,207 issued to Bringham et al.
- the disadvantage to this type of membrane oxygenator is that a blood boundary layer is formed around the hollow fibers which retards oxygenation of blood that does not directly contact the hollow fibers.
- Another type of conventional membrane oxygenator provides more efficient oxygenation of blood by positioning blood flow substantially perpendicular or at an angle to the hollow fiber membranes carrying the oxygen.
- Examples of this type of membrane oxygenator are described in U.S. Patent No. 4,639,353 issued to Takemura et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,998,593 issued to Yoshida et al. and U.S. Patent No. 4,490,331 issued to Steg, Jr.
- a drawback to these designs is that the permeability of the hollow fiber membranes decreases over time and the oxygenator becomes less efficient.
- Yet another type of membrane oxygenator discloses moving a part of the oxygenator in order to provide increased mixing of blood flow.
- Examples of this type of membrane oxygenator are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,674,440 and 3,841,837 issued to Kitrilakis and Kitrilakis et al., respectively, (the Kitrilakis Patents) and U.S. Patent No. 3,026,871 issued to Thomas (the Thomas Patent).
- the Kitrilakis Patents disclose a blood flow path and an oxygen flow path positioned between a rotor and a stator and separated by a membrane and a wafer. When the rotor rotates relative to the stator, mixing of blood flow occurs resulting in disruption of the blood boundary layer.
- this type of oxygenator provides a degree of mixing of blood, this type of mixing results in destruction of the red blood cells.
- the Thomas Patent discloses rotating a cylindrical, semi-permeable membrane containing oxygen in a housing wherein blood contacts and flows over the membrane and oxygen is transferred through the rotating membrane to the blood.
- One disadvantage of this type of membrane oxygenator is that the permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide of semipermeable membranes is poor.
- Yet another type of blood oxygenator device comprises short microporous fiber sheets which are folded, twisted and woven around a hollow shaft that carries the inlet and outlet gas flows.
- the device is implanted into the vascular system of a patient and rotated to cause mixing of the blood.
- This type of device is explained in greater detail in "A Dynamic Intravascular Lung, n ASAIO Journal 1994.
- the problem with this type of blood oxygenator is that the number of fiber sheets that are able to be incorporated into the device is limited because the device is an intravascular device and therefore, anatomical space is limited. Furthermore, the rotation of the device within the blood vessel may destroy the cells lining the blood vessel.
- the present invention provides a blood oxygenator having a housing defining a blood path, a rotor hub defining an oxygen path, and at least one rotor defining a blood path and having a plurality of hollow fibers extending across the rotor blood path and being in fluid communication with the rotor hub oxygen path such that when oxygen flows through and diffuses across the plurality of hollow fibers and the rotor rotates about the rotor hub, active mixing of the blood occurs resulting in disruption of the blood boundary layer surrounding the hollow fibers.
- the rotor is a distributor disk having two oxygen return channels, two oxygen supply channels, a first spoke defining an oxygen inlet path, a second spoke defining an oxygen outlet path and a plurality of hollow fibers extending across the diameter of the disk and in fluid communication with the return and supply channels.
- the present invention preferably provides a plurality of distributor disks positioned on the rotor hub thus, providing additional hollow fibers and increased surface area of the hollow fibers at which oxygenation of the blood takes place.
- the specific number of distributor disks is dependent upon the amount of surface area necessary for the specific patient. For example, a larger patient requires greater oxygen delivery and thus, more disks, however, fewer disks are necessary for a smaller patient.
- the present invention provides for the surface area of the hollow fibers to be increased by increasing the number of hollow fibers on each distributor disk. Hollow fibers can extend from both the first and second faces of each of the distributor disk.
- the present invention further provides for each of the plurality of rotors to be able to rotate independently of one another such that while some rotors rotate in the clockwise direction the other rotors simultaneously rotate in the counter-clockwise direction thus, providing an enhanced mixing of blood. Also, the plurality of rotors can be rotated in a back and forth motion such that the rotors repeatedly rotate approximately 360 degrees or less, and then reverse direction resulting in the blood being agitated and the blood boundary layer being disrupted.
- Baffles are preferably positioned between the plurality of rotors in the blood oxygenator of the present invention in order to provide an increased mixing of the blood.
- the rotor hub preferably takes the form of a double lumen shaft defining an oxygen inlet path and an oxygen outlet path.
- the present invention provides for the plurality of hollow fibers to be microporous such that the fibers are impermeable to liquid and are permeable to gas.
- the present invention further provides for the opportunity of the surfaces of the hollow fibers to be coated with a material which would decrease the wetability of the microporous structure.
- An example of the type of material used for these purposes is silicone rubber, although numerous other polymer coatings could be used.
- the present invention provides a blood oxygenator that can be used to treat patients having acute as well as chronic lung diseases.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention blood membrane oxygenator illustrating the venous blood inlet and arterial blood outlet.
- Figure 2 is a front plan view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 1 illustrating the venous blood inlet.
- Figure 3 is a side plan view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 1 further illustrating an oxygen inlet and an oxygen outlet .
- Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 1 with some of the cylindrical section of the housing and the rotors eliminated in order to more clearly illustrate one embodiment of the baffles.
- Figure 5a is a cross-sectional view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 1 taken along line V-V and illustrating the gas flow path.
- Figure 5b is the cross-sectional view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 1 taken along line V-V and illustrating the blood flow path.
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of a plurality of hollow fiber distributor disks mounted on a double lumen shaft of the present preferred invention.
- Figure 7 is a perspective view of one of the hollow fiber distributor disks shown in Figure 6.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of one of the hollow fiber distributor disks shown in Figure 6 with the hollow fiber members eliminated therefrom.
- Figure 9 is a side plan view of the hollow fiber distributor disk shown in Figure 8.
- Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the hollow fiber distributor disk shown in Figure 9 taken along line X-X.
- Figure 11 is an enlarged view of a hollow fiber distributor disk shown in Figure 5a illustrating the fluid connection of the hollow fibers with the channels of the distributor disk.
- Figure 12 is a side plan view of the hollow fiber distributor disk shown in Figure 8.
- Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 5 taken along line XIII-XIII which illustrates the baffles.
- Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of a blood oxygenator similar to the blood oxygenator shown in Figure 5a which employs a series of drive rollers to impart the rotational movement to the distributor disks.
- the present invention can be used as a kidney dialysis machine.
- Figures 1-5 illustrate a present preferred embodiment of a blood oxygenator 10 comprising a housing 12 defining a blood flow path 13 , a rotor hub in the form of a double lumen shaft 14, and a plurality of rotors each comprising a hollow fiber distributor disks 16.
- the housing 12 encases the rotor hub 14 and the hollow fiber distributor disks 16.
- the housing has a venous blood inlet 18, an arterial blood outlet 20, an oxygen supply inlet 22 and a gas outlet 24 and is preferably made from polycarbonate.
- Within the housing 12 is an inlet chamber 25 and an outlet chamber 27.
- the double lumen shaft defines an oxygen inlet path 29 and a gas outlet path 31.
- the oxygen inlet path 29 is in fluid communication with the oxygen supply inlet 22 and the gas outlet path 31 is in fluid communication with gas outlet 24.
- each of the plurality of hollow fiber distributor disks 16 is fixedly mounted on the double lumen shaft 14.
- Each of the hollow fiber distributor disks 16 comprises ( Figure 11) an interior surface 28, an exterior surface 30 concentric to the interior surface 28, a first face 32, a second face 34, a first spoke 36 and a second spoke 38 and a plurality of hollow fibers 48.
- the first face 32 and the second face 34 each have an arcuate-shaped supply channel 40 and an arcuate-shaped return channel 42.
- the supply channels 40 and the return channels 42 are spaced apart a defined length 44.
- the first spoke 36 defines an oxygen supply path and is connected at its distal end 39 to the distributor disk 16 and is connected at the proximal end 41 to the oxygen inlet path 29 of the double lumen shaft 14.
- the second spoke 38 defines a gas return path and is connected at its distal end 47 to the distributor disk 16 and is connected at the proximal end 46 to the gas outlet path 31 of the double lumen shaft 14.
- Each of the first and second spokes 36, 38 act as a support for the distributor disk 16.
- a plurality of microporous hollow fibers 48 extend across the diameter of the distributor disk 16 and weave around the double lumen shaft 14.
- the hollow fibers 48 extend across the first face 32 and the second face 34 of the distributor disk 16.
- the plurality of hollow fibers 48 are connected to the supply and return channels 40, 42 of the distributor disks 16 by potting material 49 which can be an epoxy resin.
- a Y-shaped return tunnel 50 and a Y- shaped supply tunnel 52 shown in greater detail in Figures 10 and 11 connect the supply and return channels 40, 42 with the first and second spokes 36 and 38, respectively.
- the hollow fibers 48 are made from a microporous material which is permeable to gases and impermeable to liquids.
- the material of the hollow fibers 48 would have to be permeable to fluid.
- the preferred material is polypropylene; however, other materials depending upon the application such as polyethylene can be used to form the hollow fibers 48.
- baffles 54 are interspersed between the distributor disks 16.
- the baffles 54 are integral disks extending from the inner wall of the device housing 12 toward the center of the blood flow path, thereby defining a partition 69 within the housing 12 in which a distributor disk 16 will rotate.
- Each baffle 54 defines a central opening 55 of sufficient diameter to allow flow from one segment of the housing 12 to the next.
- the surfaces of each baffle 54 will have an elevated rib or flute 59 which will serve to provide direction to blood flowing off the surface of the rotating distributing disks 16.
- the baffle cross section can take many other shapes.
- the distributor disks 16 rotate about the axis of the double lumen shaft 14.
- the distributor disks 16 can either rotate in one direction or in a back and forth motion. When rotating in one direction all of the distributor disks rotate in either clockwise or counter-clockwise direction.
- each of the distributor disks 16 rotate in one direction for a specified angle and then change directions and rotate in the opposite direction for a specified angle. This back and forth motion agitates the blood surrounding the hollow fibers 48 thus, disrupting the blood boundary layer.
- the distributor disks 16 are actuated using a conventional electric motor 60. However, other motor technologies can be used. Referring to Figures 5a and 5b, the present preferred embodiment provides for the following blood flow paths and oxygen flow paths .
- the oxygen is then transported into the plurality of first spokes 36 which are in fluid communication with the double lumen shaft inlet path 29 at the first spokes proximal end 41 and in fluid communication with the Y- shaped supply tunnels 52 at its distal end 39.
- the oxygen then passes through the tunnels 52 and supply channels 40 and enters the hollow fibers 48, flows through the hollow fibers 48 extending across the diameter of the distributor disks 16 where the oxygen exchange takes place.
- oxygen travels across the walls of the microporous hollow fibers 48 into the venous blood while simultaneously carbon dioxide contained within the venous blood travels across the walls of the hollow fibers 48 into the return gas flow path.
- the oxygen/carbon dioxide mixture within the hollow fibers 48 enters the return channels 42 of the distributor disks 16 and is transmitted through the Y-shaped return tunnels 50 to the second spoke 38 and then to the gas outlet path 31 of the double lumen shaft 14.
- venous blood enters the blood inlet 18, flows through the cylindrical portion 13 of the housing 12 where the venous blood contacts the hollow fibers 48 of the rotating distributor disks 16.
- the venous blood flow path is substantially perpendicular to the hollow fibers 48 and provides for a degree of mixing and cross-flow of blood which results in a disruption of the blood boundary layer.
- the rotation of the hollow fibers 48 on each of the distributor disks 16 and the presence of the baffles 54 between the rotating distributor disks 16 provides for a greater degree of mixing of blood resulting in enhanced oxygenation.
- the venous blood directly contacts and surrounds the walls of the hollow fibers 48 providing three-dimensional oxygenation.
- the oxygen-enriched blood then exits through the arterial blood outlet 20.
- alternating counter-rotation of the distributor disks 16 can be achieved by a series of drive rollers 62, rotating in opposite directions, which firmly contact the outer edge of the distributor disks 16 thereby imparting rotational movement to the distributor disk 16.
- some of the distributor disks 16 rotate clockwise while the other distributor disks 16 simultaneously rotate counter-clockwise.
- This alternating counter- rotation provides for disruption of the boundary layer of blood contacting the hollow fibers 48 resulting in increased oxygenation.
- the disks 16 could be mounted on coaxial shafts which are turned in opposite directions to impart counter-rotation of the alternating distributor disks 16.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT98914594T ATE302645T1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | MEMBRANE DEVICE WITH IMPROVED MATERIAL EXCHANGE THROUGH ACTIVE MIXING |
DE69831320T DE69831320D1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | MEMBRANE DEVICE WITH IMPROVED STOCK EXCHANGE BY ACTIVE MIXING |
CA002286191A CA2286191A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
EP98914594A EP0973602B1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
AU68912/98A AU6891298A (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/837,048 | 1997-04-11 | ||
US08/837,048 US6106776A (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1997-04-11 | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1998046339A1 true WO1998046339A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
Family
ID=25273370
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/006965 WO1998046339A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-04-07 | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6106776A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0973602B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE302645T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU6891298A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2286191A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69831320D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998046339A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8790586B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2014-07-29 | Probe Scientific Limited | Molecular exchange device |
US8961791B2 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2015-02-24 | Probe Scientific Limited | Molecular exchange device |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6106776A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2000-08-22 | University Of Pittsburgh | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing |
US6723284B1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2004-04-20 | University Of Pittsburgh | Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing |
US6454999B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2002-09-24 | Cardiovention, Inc. | Integrated blood pump and oxygenator system having extended blood flow path |
US6428747B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2002-08-06 | Cardiovention, Inc. | Integrated extracorporeal blood oxygenator, pump and heat exchanger system |
US6929777B1 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2005-08-16 | Ension, Inc. | Pneumatically actuated integrated life support system |
US20050042131A1 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2005-02-24 | Gartner Mark J. | Blood oxygenator with spacers |
DE102005023152A1 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2006-06-22 | Rwth Aachen | Oxygenator for use especially in dialysis operates by pumping blood through a continuously moving exchange wall, especially a hollow fiber bundle |
ES2442965T3 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2014-02-14 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Paracorporeal lung for respiratory assistance |
US8585968B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2013-11-19 | Scott W. Morley | Method and system for purging moisture from an oxygenator |
US8915158B2 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2014-12-23 | MicroZeus, LLC | Methods and systems for micro transmissions |
US8631788B2 (en) * | 2007-06-02 | 2014-01-21 | Arnold J. Landé | Artificial gills for deep diving without incurring the bends and for scavenging O2 from and dispelling CO2 into water or thin air |
GB2457469B (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2012-11-07 | Probe Scient Ltd | Molecular exchange device |
KR101095817B1 (en) * | 2009-02-10 | 2011-12-21 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | Semiconductor apparatus and fabrication method thereof |
CN103316591B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-04-15 | 威士邦(厦门)环境科技有限公司 | Fan-shaped rotary film separation device |
US20220347603A1 (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-03 | Pall Corporation | Filter disk segments |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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- 1998-04-07 WO PCT/US1998/006965 patent/WO1998046339A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-04-07 EP EP98914594A patent/EP0973602B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-07 DE DE69831320T patent/DE69831320D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (2)
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US8790586B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2014-07-29 | Probe Scientific Limited | Molecular exchange device |
US8961791B2 (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2015-02-24 | Probe Scientific Limited | Molecular exchange device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0973602A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0973602B1 (en) | 2005-08-24 |
DE69831320D1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US6348175B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
ATE302645T1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
CA2286191A1 (en) | 1998-10-22 |
US6106776A (en) | 2000-08-22 |
AU6891298A (en) | 1998-11-11 |
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