WO1998052873A2 - In-well air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption - Google Patents

In-well air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998052873A2
WO1998052873A2 PCT/US1998/010453 US9810453W WO9852873A2 WO 1998052873 A2 WO1998052873 A2 WO 1998052873A2 US 9810453 W US9810453 W US 9810453W WO 9852873 A2 WO9852873 A2 WO 9852873A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
well
groundwater
conduit
tube
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1998/010453
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Suthan S. Suthersan
Original Assignee
Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Inc. filed Critical Arcadis Geraghty & Miller, Inc.
Priority to AU75890/98A priority Critical patent/AU7589098A/en
Publication of WO1998052873A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998052873A2/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/005—Extraction of vapours or gases using vacuum or venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for removing
  • NOC pollutants are petroleum based products and chlorinated solvents. Frequently, as a result of spills, leakage from storage facilities or surface discharges, contaminants percolate into groundwater, thereby posing a
  • groundwater is not as susceptible to pollution as surface water, once polluted.
  • VOCs are transferred from the contaminated water to the gas bubbles which can then
  • the present invention involves new concepts for in-well removal of contaminants from
  • the present invention combines packing/stripping materials (balls) with air stripping techniques in the well.
  • oxidation and adsorption techniques can also be incorporated to compliment the air
  • the injected gas may be air or any specific or combination of gases such as nitrogen gas.
  • the injected gas can be at any
  • Objects of the invention are accomplished by injecting a gas into the lower extent of a well to force groundwater up the well through air lifting, causing NOCs to be transferred to rising gas bubbles inside the well.
  • the available surface area for contaminant mass transfer within the flow of the mixture of groundwater and gas bubbles is
  • packing balls preferably jaeger tripack packing material
  • ozone can be mixed with the injected gas
  • the air be supplied to the lower extent of the well by operating an
  • the system for removing NOCs from contaminated groundwater is comprised of a means for supplying gas and ozone to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of
  • the system contains a conduit within the well, which extends below the water table
  • the conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is
  • the present invention is further comprised of an internal pipe or eductor tube contained
  • Packing materials are located between the eductor tube and the means for supplying gas to the
  • invention also contains a means, which is located near the top of the conduit, for separating the gas bubbles from the groundwater.
  • the system of the present invention contain a gas supplying means
  • an ozone generator to provide the right amount of ozone.
  • system of the present invention contain a bentonite seal
  • the system of the present invention contain a means for capturing the gas bubbles which have been separated from the groundwater.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention removes NOCs from contaminated
  • groundwater by supplying a gas such as air and ozone mixture into a well 18.
  • a gas such as air and ozone mixture
  • groundwater is lifted upward through the well creating a
  • the treated water which is now free of a portion of VOCs, flows out of the conduit 16 to mix with the groundwater.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a borehole 12 is
  • the external conduit 16 is positioned within the borehole 12.
  • the fluid-permeable sections may be comprised of screened PNC pipe or another suitable material.
  • conduit 16 may be comprised of impermeable material such as PNC
  • An internal pipe 30, or eductor pipe, is placed between the air tube 26 and the external pipe 16. The air being pumped into the well is contained in the eductor pipe.
  • the eductor pipe is an internal pipe 30, or eductor pipe.
  • pipe 30 may also be closed at the lower end. If the eductor pipe is closed at the lower end, slots placed at the lower end can allow water to flow into the pipe while preventing air bubbles from escaping.
  • a compressed air tube 26 is positioned within the conduit 16 and extends substantially
  • the tube 26 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit.
  • an air pump 29 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air
  • Groundwater may flow through the phreatic zone 14 as illustrated by the solid line arrows 38. Alternatively, the groundwater may not flow through the phreatic zone.
  • the present invention operates ⁇ ffectively in either case.
  • An air pump is operated to force air into the air tube 26 down to the base of the conduit 16 at 28.
  • a gas such as carbon monoxide, can also be used as appropriate.
  • conduit 28 creating air bubbles and introducing ozone molecules. Subsequently, water flows
  • the water/air mixture rises up in the space, or "mixing zone" 40, between the air tube 26 and the eductor tube 30. As the air rises, it mixes with the water within the eductor tube and creates water
  • NOCs are the water/air mixture flowing up the eductor pipe.
  • the air strips the water of volatile contaminants in the mixing zone 40 in addition to direct oxidation.
  • the a /contaminant gas mixture is then separated from the water/air mixture near the top of the
  • the gas mixture is then released above the water table into the atmosphere.
  • the air/contaminant gas mixture may be
  • the NOC vapor can be extracted from the gas mixture using vacuum vapor extraction techniques also to enhance the stripping efficiencies of
  • NOCs are transferred from the water to the gas phase in addition to oxidation of compounds. However, frequently this process does not result in complete mass transfer of the contaminants. Mass removal occurs when the rising bubbles become saturated with NOC
  • packing materials may be used to achieve a similar result to the preferred tripack balls.
  • Adsorption media 50 may be placed in a trench 52 or annular holes near the top of the
  • adsorption media 50 that resides in the trench 52.
  • An example of an adsorption media is activated carbon or ion exchange material.

Abstract

A method and system for removing contaminants for the phreatic zone, also known as the saturation zone, or groundwater. The technique involves gas sparging and oxidation while increasing the surface area for mass transfer by the placing of packing balls into the eductor tube. The system is comprised of a means for supplying gas/ozone mixture to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system contains a conduit within the well, which extends below the water table. The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent the water table.

Description

IN-WELL AIR STRIPPING, OXIDATION, AND ADSORPTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for removing
contaminants from groundwater, and, more particularly to an in- situ air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption method for removing volatile organic compounds (NOCs) from groundwater.
Contamination of the phreatic zone, also known as zone of saturation, or, groundwater, with potentially hazardous materials is a common problem facing industry, the
government and the general public. The most common type of NOC pollutants are petroleum based products and chlorinated solvents. Frequently, as a result of spills, leakage from storage facilities or surface discharges, contaminants percolate into groundwater, thereby posing a
threat to drinking water supplies.
While groundwater is not as susceptible to pollution as surface water, once polluted,
its restoration is difficult and long term Typically, contaminated groundwater is removed
from the phreatic zone, treated and discharged or returned to the phreatic zone. These "pump-and-treat", or above ground, methods, are relatively expensive. There have been some
recent developments in insitu water treatment which employ air lift pumping as a means of
producing gas bubbles to remove NOCs. The theory of these known methods is that gas is pumped into the wells which causes water and subsequently formed gas bubbles to rise
upward. VOCs are transferred from the contaminated water to the gas bubbles which can then
be collected for treatment. However, frequently these devices do not result in rapid mass transfer and vapor saturation which results in a slower and less efficient process. Napor
saturation occurs when the rising bubbles become saturated with NOC vapor. Therefore, there is a need for the development of an insitu air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption remediation method for removing contaminants in a relatively inexpensive and more efficient
manner.
The present invention involves new concepts for in-well removal of contaminants from
the saturation zone. It avoids expensive "above ground" remediation methods, and provides a more efficient method of mass removal of dissolved contaminants. The present invention combines packing/stripping materials (balls) with air stripping techniques in the well. In addition oxidation and adsorption techniques can also be incorporated to compliment the air
stripping effect to achieve higher mass removal efficiencies. The injected gas may be air or any specific or combination of gases such as nitrogen gas. The injected gas can be at any
desired temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Objects of the invention, as will be apparent herein, are accomplished by injecting a gas into the lower extent of a well to force groundwater up the well through air lifting, causing NOCs to be transferred to rising gas bubbles inside the well. The available surface area for contaminant mass transfer within the flow of the mixture of groundwater and gas bubbles is
increased by placing packing balls (preferably jaeger tripack packing material) into the well.
This step significantly increases the overall mass transfer efficiency of this device. The gas
bubbles, containing NOC vapors are then separated from the groundwater at the upper extent
of the well. As this process is repeated and the groundwater continues to circulate, the NOC
concentrations in the water are reduced. In addition ozone can be mixed with the injected gas
to enhance the mass removal by direct oxidation of the contaminants present.
It is preferable that the air be supplied to the lower extent of the well by operating an
air pump which is in fluid communication with a tube positioned in the well in a conduit, where the tube has an opening at its lower extent. Ozone can be added to this line of
injection.
It is also preferable that the separated gas bubbles and captured air be stored upon
being released from the conduit. It is also preferable that the contaminants be removed from
the captured air prior to discharge to the atmosphere.
The system for removing NOCs from contaminated groundwater is comprised of a means for supplying gas and ozone to the lower extent of a well which induces a flow of
groundwater and gas bubbles up the well. The system contains a conduit within the well, which extends below the water table The conduit has a lower fluid-permeable section which is
located below the water table and an upper fluid-permeable section which is adjacent the water table. The present invention is further comprised of an internal pipe or eductor tube contained
in the conduit which extends from the top extent of the conduit to the saturation zone. Packing materials are located between the eductor tube and the means for supplying gas to the
lower extent of the well to increase the available surface area for mass transfer. The present
invention also contains a means, which is located near the top of the conduit, for separating the gas bubbles from the groundwater.
It is preferable that the system of the present invention contain a gas supplying means
which includes a tube contained within the conduit and eductor tube, which extends from above the ground surface to below the water table, a pump which supplies air to the tube and
an ozone generator to provide the right amount of ozone.
It is also preferable that the system of the present invention contain a bentonite seal
located between said conduit and well wall to separate the treated clean water from the
contaminated water. It is preferable that the system of the present invention contain a means for capturing the gas bubbles which have been separated from the groundwater.
Objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent upon a reading of the following description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The preferred method and system herein described are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. They are chosen and described to explain
the principles of the invention, and the application of the method to practical uses, so that others skilled in the art may practice the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention removes NOCs from contaminated
groundwater by supplying a gas such as air and ozone mixture into a well 18. When air/ozone mixture is injected into a well, groundwater is lifted upward through the well creating a
recirculating cleaning process. As the groundwater rises up through the well, NOCs are
transferred from the contaminated groundwater to rising air bubbles created by the air supply in addition to direct oxidation by ozone. The NOC vapor is then released at the top of the
well or, alternatively captured for treatment. The treated water, which is now free of a portion of VOCs, flows out of the conduit 16 to mix with the groundwater.
Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention. A borehole 12 is
positioned in the contaminated area extending down into the phreatic, or saturated, zone 14
of the well 18. The external conduit 16 is positioned within the borehole 12. The conduit 16
has two fluid-permeable sections: one located near the base of the conduit at 20 below the water table and the other 21 located near the water table 22, but below ground level 24. The fluid-permeable sections may be comprised of screened PNC pipe or another suitable material.
The remaining portions of conduit 16 may be comprised of impermeable material such as PNC
pipe or another suitable material.
An internal pipe 30, or eductor pipe, is placed between the air tube 26 and the external pipe 16. The air being pumped into the well is contained in the eductor pipe. The eductor
pipe 30 may also be closed at the lower end. If the eductor pipe is closed at the lower end, slots placed at the lower end can allow water to flow into the pipe while preventing air bubbles from escaping.
A compressed air tube 26 is positioned within the conduit 16 and extends substantially
to the base of the conduit 16 at 28. The tube 26 may be open at the base at 26 and attached to an air pump 29 and an ozone generator at the top of the conduit. Alternatively, an air pump
may be located at the base of the conduit 16 and connected to tube 26 at 28 (not shown).
The operation of the present invention may be understood by reference to Figure 1. Groundwater may flow through the phreatic zone 14 as illustrated by the solid line arrows 38. Alternatively, the groundwater may not flow through the phreatic zone. The present invention operates όffectively in either case.
An air pump is operated to force air into the air tube 26 down to the base of the conduit 16 at 28. A gas, such as carbon monoxide, can also be used as appropriate. The air
can be injected at various rates to vary the rate at which groundwater circulates toward the well.
The air/ozone mixture, being pumped into the tube, is released at the base of the
conduit 28, creating air bubbles and introducing ozone molecules. Subsequently, water flows
up the well, while water surrounding the well is pulled towards the well. The water/air mixture rises up in the space, or "mixing zone" 40, between the air tube 26 and the eductor tube 30. As the air rises, it mixes with the water within the eductor tube and creates water
flow from the lower permeable section 20 of the conduit 16 upwards through the conduit and
out of the upper permeable section of the conduit 21.
During the time that the water/air mixture is flowing up the eductor pipe, NOCs are
transferred from the water to the gas phase in addition to oxidation of contaminants to inert
end products. Or in other words, while mixing with the water, the air strips the water of volatile contaminants in the mixing zone 40 in addition to direct oxidation. The a /contaminant gas mixture is then separated from the water/air mixture near the top of the
conduit 42. Once the gas is separated from the water, the gas mixture is then released above the water table into the atmosphere. Alternatively, the air/contaminant gas mixture may be
captured for treatment or discharge. The NOC vapor can be extracted from the gas mixture using vacuum vapor extraction techniques also to enhance the stripping efficiencies of
contaminants. Once the air is separated from the water, the water, less a portion of NOCs, is
passed back into the aquifer through the upper permeable section 21 of the conduit 16.
As discussed previously, while the water/air mixture is flowing up the eductor pipe,
NOCs are transferred from the water to the gas phase in addition to oxidation of compounds. However, frequently this process does not result in complete mass transfer of the contaminants. Mass removal occurs when the rising bubbles become saturated with NOC
vapor in addition to the oxidation. When incomplete stripping occurs, small amounts of NOCs
are left in the effluent water. This results in a poor stripping efficiency which results in a
slower and less efficient clean up process. To enhance the stripping process, packing
materials such as jaeger tripack balls 42 are placed in the zone 40 to cause the air and water to pass over the surface of the balls resulting in a more efficient air stripping. Several different
packing materials may be used to achieve a similar result to the preferred tripack balls.
Adsorption media 50 may be placed in a trench 52 or annular holes near the top of the
well for use in remediating residue of contamination not removed by the air stripping and/or contaminants, such as heavy metals, which are not removed by air stripping or oxidation by
ozone. As the water and vapor leave the screened portion 21 of the well, in the preferred embodiment it must pass through the adsorption media 50 that resides in the trench 52. An example of an adsorption media is activated carbon or ion exchange material.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method for removing contaminants from groundwater, comprising the steps of: providing a well to extend below the water table into the phreatic zone;
injecting a gas/ozone mixture into the lower extent of said well to force groundwater up said well causing NOCs to be transferred to rising gas bubbles in addition to oxidation
occuring inside said well; and
providing packing materials with the flow of said groundwater and said gas bubbles up
said well for enhancing the surface area for improved mass transfer efficiencies, into said well. separating said gas bubbles from the groundwater if needed with vacuum vapor extraction, at the upper extent of said well.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: supplying air/ozone mixture to the lower extent of said well by operating an air pump and ozone generator in fluid communication with a tube positioned within said conduit, wherein said tube has an opening at its lower extent.
3. The method of Claim 1, further comprising:
capturing said separated gas bubbles; and treating or discharging said captured air.
4. The method of Claim 3, further comprising:
removing contaminants from said captured air; and
treating said captured air.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: providing a trench or annular holes below the ground surface and filling said trench with an adsorption media through which the air stripped water must pass.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising separating said gas bubbles from the
groundwater with vacuum vapor extraction, at the upper extent of said well.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising placing a packer inside said well.
8. A System for gas sparging of contaminants from groundwater, which comprises:
means for supplying gas/ozone mixture to the lower extent of a well to induce a flow of groundwater and gas bubbles up said well;
a conduit within said well, extending below the water table, said conduit having a lower fluid-permeable section below said water table and an upper fluid-permeable section
adjacent said water table; an internal pipe or eductor tube contained in said conduit which extends from the top extent of the conduit to the saturation zone;
packing balls located between said eductor tube and said means for supplying gas to the lower extent of said well; a means, located at the top of said conduit, for separating the gas bubbles from the
groundwater. NOC vapor contained in said gas bubbles.
9. The system of Claim 8 wherein said packing balls are jaeger tripack balls.
10. The system of Claim 8 wherein said packing balls are made of plastic media.
11. The system of Claim 8, wherein said gas supplying means includes:
a tube within said conduit and eductor tube, wherein said tube extends from above said
ground surface to below said water table, said tube having a opening at its lower and upper extent; and
an air pump and an ozone generator in fluid communication with said tube.
12. The system of Claim 8, further comprising a trench or annular holes near the top of
said well, said trench or annular holes filled with adsorption media to further remediate said
groundwater.
PCT/US1998/010453 1997-05-19 1998-05-19 In-well air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption WO1998052873A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU75890/98A AU7589098A (en) 1997-05-19 1998-05-19 In-well air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/858,267 1997-05-19
US08/858,267 US6007274A (en) 1997-05-19 1997-05-19 In-well air stripping, oxidation, and adsorption

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998052873A2 true WO1998052873A2 (en) 1998-11-26

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AU (1) AU7589098A (en)
WO (1) WO1998052873A2 (en)

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US6174108B1 (en) 2001-01-16
US6007274A (en) 1999-12-28
US6102623A (en) 2000-08-15

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