WO1999013681B1 - Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor - Google Patents

Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor

Info

Publication number
WO1999013681B1
WO1999013681B1 PCT/GB1998/002675 GB9802675W WO9913681B1 WO 1999013681 B1 WO1999013681 B1 WO 1999013681B1 GB 9802675 W GB9802675 W GB 9802675W WO 9913681 B1 WO9913681 B1 WO 9913681B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aerogel
transducer
sound
acoustic
aerogels
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1998/002675
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO1999013681A3 (en
WO1999013681A2 (en
Inventor
Anthony Hooley
David Henry Pearce
Original Assignee
1 Ipr Limited
Anthony Hooley
David Henry Pearce
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9718785.0A external-priority patent/GB9718785D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9805053.7A external-priority patent/GB9805053D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9805735.9A external-priority patent/GB9805735D0/en
Application filed by 1 Ipr Limited, Anthony Hooley, David Henry Pearce filed Critical 1 Ipr Limited
Priority to EP98941601A priority Critical patent/EP1012891A2/en
Priority to AU89918/98A priority patent/AU8991898A/en
Priority to JP2000511333A priority patent/JP2001517004A/en
Priority to US09/508,009 priority patent/US6677034B1/en
Publication of WO1999013681A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999013681A2/en
Publication of WO1999013681A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999013681A3/en
Publication of WO1999013681B1 publication Critical patent/WO1999013681B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2876—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding
    • H04R1/288—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of damping material, e.g. as cladding for loudspeaker transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0603—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a piezoelectric bender, e.g. bimorph
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1607—Production of print heads with piezoelectric elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1623—Manufacturing processes bonding and adhesion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/16—Production of nozzles
    • B41J2/1621—Manufacturing processes
    • B41J2/1632—Manufacturing processes machining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
    • F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C29/025—Hydrostatic or aerostatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/002—Devices for damping, suppressing, obstructing or conducting sound in acoustic devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/44—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/02—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/035—DC motors; Unipolar motors
    • H02K41/0352—Unipolar motors
    • H02K41/0354—Lorentz force motors, e.g. voice coil motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/086—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H02K7/088—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotor around a fixed spindle; radially supporting the rotor directly radially supporting the rotor directly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N30/08—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
    • H10N30/084—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by moulding or extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/1071—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical and mechanical input and output, e.g. having combined actuator and sensor parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/20—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators
    • H10N30/204—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with electrical input and mechanical output, e.g. functioning as actuators or vibrators using bending displacement, e.g. unimorph, bimorph or multimorph cantilever or membrane benders
    • H10N30/2041—Beam type
    • H10N30/2042—Cantilevers, i.e. having one fixed end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2217/00—Details of magnetostrictive, piezoelectric, or electrostrictive transducers covered by H04R15/00 or H04R17/00 but not provided for in any of their subgroups
    • H04R2217/01—Non-planar magnetostrictive, piezoelectric or electrostrictive benders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Abstract

In its first aspect the invention provides an electromechanical acoustic transducer (5) which is resistively terminated at the rear with a closely-coupled sound absorber (7) made from an aerogel with good acoustic absorption at low frequencies. The invention also provides an aerogel suitable for this use and which is a conglomerate of small particles packed so that there are spaces left therebetween to allow the passage of sound. Moreover, the invention provides an aerogel suitable for this use and comprised of multiple layers (17a etc.) of materials of graded properties, or comprised of material of continuously varying properties throughout the thickness of the absorbing structure, in the principal direction of sound from the source.

Claims

- 40 -AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 1 July 1999 (01.07.99); original claims 1-23 amended; remaining claims unchanged (2 pages)]Aerogels as sound absorbers
1. An electromechanical acoustic transducer which is resistively terminated at the rear with a physically spaced and separate but acoustically closely- coupled sound absorber made from an aerogel with good acoustic absorption at low frequencies.
2. A transducer as claimed in Claim 1 which is placed at and across the front of a suitably-shaped box open at the rear, and the rear is then closed with the block of aerogel sound absorber.
3. A transducer as claimed in either of the preceding Claims, wherein the aerogel is made from silica, a polyurethane or a rubber.
4. A transducer as claimed in any of the preceding Claims, wherein the pore size in the aerogel is as small as several nanometres, and the internal surface area in the aerogel is as high as l,000m2/g of material.
5. A transducer as claimed in any of the preceding Claims, wherein there is employed a coupling and filling gas or gas mixture around the aerogel and trapped by an outer gas-impermeable but acoustically-transparent membrane, the gas or gases being chosen so as to optimize the matching of the acoustic resistance of the absorber to the radiation resistance of the transducer, or instead, or as well as, to optimize the absorption of the sound from the rear of the transducer.
5A. A transducer as claimed in any of the preceding Claims, which transducer includes: a moving-element sound-radiator suspended within a gaseous medium, the radiator operating to output useful sound from a front surface thereof into the medium; and to the rear of the radiator, and spaced and separate from the rear surface thereof at a distance greater than the rearward movement of the radiator, an acoustic resistive termination for the transducer, the termination being a sound absorber made from an aerogel having a low acoustic reflection coefficient at audio frequencies.
6. A transducer as claimed in any of the preceding Claims and substantially as described hereinbefore.
Aerogels from particles with gaps
7. An aerogel, suitable for use as an absorber of sound energy, which is constructed as a conglomerate of small particles with sizes in the several millimetre region with the packing of these particles being such that there are spaces left therebetween to allow the passage of sound.
8. An aerogel as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the particles are from 0.5-20mm across.
9. An aerogel as claimed in either of Claims 7 and 8, wherein the particle shapes are spheres and cylinders, and irregular particle sizes as are produced by crushing larger particles or monoliths.
10. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 7 to 9, wherein the particles are also rough-surfaced.
11. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 7 to 10, wherein the structure is stabilized by slightly bonding the particles together with an adhesive.
12. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 7 to 11 and substantially as described hereinbefore.
Aerogels that are graded
13. An aerogel, suitable for use as an absorber of sound energy, comprised of multiple layers of materials of graded acoustic reflection and acoustic absorption properties, or comprised of material of continuously varying such properties throughout the thickness of the absorbing structure, increasing in the principal direction of sound from the source.
14. An aerogel as claimed in Claim 13, which is formed as a continuously or stepwise/layered graded structure from one side to the other, and wherein on the input side (where the sound energy from the acoustic transducer is incident) the material is given the lowest possible reflection coefficient R (and the maximum possible concomitant absorption coefficient A), and on the output side (the side of the absorber furthest from the acoustic transducer) the material is given the greatest possible absorption coefficient A consistent with an acceptably-low reflection coefficient.
15. An aerogel as claimed in either of Claims 13 and 14, which is successive layers of material overlaid onto a supportive substrate that is substantially acoustically transparent over the frequency range of interest.
16. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 13 to 15, wherein materials other than aerogels form one or more additional layers further away from the sound source.
17. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 13 to 16, which is pre-filled with a gas with relevant properties differing from those of air.
18. An aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 13 to 17, which is an aerogel as claimed in any of Claims 7 to 12.
Aerogels as transducer drive elements
19. A moving magnet transducer wherein the moving magnet element is a magnetic aerogel structure.
20. A transducer as claimed in Claim 19, which includes a piston, or translator, forming the moving part of a linear electromagnetic transducer, which translator is made of a magnetic form of aerogel - either magnetically- doped non-magnetic-aerogel or intrinsically magnetic-aerogel - and is suspended in a controllable magnetic field.
21. A transducer as claimed in either of Claims 19 and 20, wherein the magnetic aerogels are made directly from materials that are inherently magnetic.
22. A transducer as claimed in any of Claims 19 to 21, wherein the moving aerogel element is supported by a linear bearing of the type the subject of Hooley British Patent Application No. 2,322,232 (P1481Sub), or by a pair of inverted thin-walled elastomer tube sections.
23. A transducer as claimed in any of Claims 19 to 22, wherein the aerogel translator has a coating of a thin, light, skin of gas-impervious material, or is enclosed in a thin impervious bag or sack from which is evacuated some or all of the air.
PCT/GB1998/002675 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor WO1999013681A2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98941601A EP1012891A2 (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
AU89918/98A AU8991898A (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
JP2000511333A JP2001517004A (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Multi-bubble aggregates, piezoelectric devices, and uses thereof
US09/508,009 US6677034B1 (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9718785.0A GB9718785D0 (en) 1997-09-05 1997-09-05 Electromechanical transducer
GBGB9805053.7A GB9805053D0 (en) 1998-03-11 1998-03-11 Improvements in actuators
GBGB9805735.9A GB9805735D0 (en) 1998-03-19 1998-03-19 Improvements in linear actuators
GB9718785.0 1998-03-19
GB9805053.7 1998-03-19
GB9805735.9 1998-03-19

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/508,009 A-371-Of-International US6677034B1 (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
US10/716,819 Division US20040101150A1 (en) 1997-09-05 2003-11-19 Piezoelectric driver device with integral sensing layer

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999013681A2 WO1999013681A2 (en) 1999-03-18
WO1999013681A3 WO1999013681A3 (en) 1999-08-05
WO1999013681B1 true WO1999013681B1 (en) 1999-10-14

Family

ID=27268999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/002675 WO1999013681A2 (en) 1997-09-05 1998-09-04 Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US6677034B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1012891A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2001517004A (en)
CN (1) CN1182598C (en)
AU (1) AU8991898A (en)
GB (1) GB2329514B (en)
WO (1) WO1999013681A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6677034B1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2004-01-13 1 . . . Limited Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
US6958567B2 (en) * 1998-04-22 2005-10-25 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Active/passive distributed absorber for vibration and sound radiation control
DE19938456C1 (en) * 1999-08-13 2001-02-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Process for the production of piezo actuators with a multilayer structure of piezo elements
GB2364169B (en) * 1999-12-21 2002-09-18 1 Ltd Electro-active devices
WO2001047318A2 (en) * 1999-12-21 2001-06-28 1... Limited Loudspeaker using an electro-active device
DE10023556A1 (en) 2000-05-15 2001-11-29 Festo Ag & Co Piezo bending transducer and use of the same
GB2362976B (en) 2000-05-31 2005-04-27 Seiko Epson Corp Memory device
GB2362989B (en) * 2000-05-31 2004-03-24 Seiko Epson Corp Piezoelectric devices
GB0115064D0 (en) * 2001-06-20 2001-08-15 1 Ltd Electro-active elements and devices
GB0115073D0 (en) 2001-06-20 2001-08-15 1 Ltd Camera lens positioning using an electro-active device
GB0115074D0 (en) * 2001-06-20 2001-08-15 1 Ltd Sensors using an electro-active device
DE10211107A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-02-13 Ceramtec Ag Monolithic multi-layer actuator in one housing
US6629750B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-10-07 Hewlett Packard Development Company L.P. Aerogel foam spittoon system for inkjet printing
GB2384938B (en) * 2002-01-31 2005-07-20 1 Ltd Suspension system for electro-acoustic transducer
AU2002325468A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-02-25 Zhaoying Wu An orientation apparatus adjusting the loudspeaker's sound effect
ATE307392T1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2005-11-15 Festo Ag & Co ACTUATOR DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH BENDING ACTUATOR
JP2005064886A (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-03-10 Sekiguchi Kikai Hanbai Kk Acoustic characteristic regulator, and speaker system
US7621299B2 (en) * 2003-10-03 2009-11-24 Cabot Corporation Method and apparatus for filling a vessel with particulate matter
US7641954B2 (en) * 2003-10-03 2010-01-05 Cabot Corporation Insulated panel and glazing system comprising the same
US20060180953A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 The Regents Of The University Of California System and method for constructing and operating a high performance piezoelectric actuator
US7690288B2 (en) * 2005-06-09 2010-04-06 Lockheed Martin Corporation Explosive-driven electric pulse generator and method of making same
DE102006009917B4 (en) * 2006-03-03 2014-04-10 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Metal airgel metal foam composite
US7801320B2 (en) 2006-03-09 2010-09-21 Nokia Corporation Sound sponge for loudspeakers
US7548013B2 (en) * 2006-03-14 2009-06-16 Piezotech, Llc High temperature piezo buzzer
US7997541B2 (en) * 2006-08-18 2011-08-16 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Systems and methods for supporting a pipe
US8505857B2 (en) 2006-08-18 2013-08-13 Kellogg Brown & Root Llc Systems and methods for supporting a pipe
CH700729B1 (en) * 2008-02-29 2010-10-15 Oerlikon Assembly Equipment Ag Wire Bonder.
US7902722B2 (en) * 2008-04-03 2011-03-08 Dvx, Llc Transducer apparatus for intravascular blood flow measurement
WO2010059412A2 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Polarization converting color combiner
US8292023B2 (en) * 2009-02-13 2012-10-23 Nokia Corporation Enclosing adsorbent material
WO2011089803A1 (en) * 2010-01-20 2011-07-28 株式会社村田製作所 Piezoelectric electricity generating element, piezoelectric electricity generating device and production method for piezoelectric electricity generating element
US8573123B1 (en) * 2010-05-18 2013-11-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Flexible detonator integrated with directly written energetics
CN101840006A (en) * 2010-05-27 2010-09-22 张家港和升数控机床制造有限公司 Material detection device
CN101964392A (en) * 2010-08-20 2011-02-02 中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所 Organic piezoelectric film laminated device
MX2013002680A (en) 2010-09-10 2013-08-01 Halliburton Energy Serv Inc Method of controlled pulse driving of a stacked pzt bender bar for dipole acoustic radiation.
IT1402181B1 (en) * 2010-09-13 2013-08-28 Fond Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia ELECTRO-ACTIVE MICROELETTROMECHANICAL DEVICE AND RELATIVE DETECTION PROCEDURE
DE102011080114A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Detecting a deformation parameter of a piezoelectric bending transducer
WO2013172810A1 (en) * 2012-05-14 2013-11-21 Empire Technology Development Llc Acoustically driven nanoparticle concentrator
EP3273330B1 (en) * 2012-07-05 2021-10-20 Cambridge Touch Technologies, Ltd. Pressure sensing display device
CA2930569C (en) * 2013-11-14 2021-10-26 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Blast/impact frequency tuning and mitigation
US10041767B2 (en) 2013-11-14 2018-08-07 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Blast/impact frequency tuning and mitigation
US9725154B2 (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-08-08 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for reducing structural vibration and noise
CN104038855A (en) * 2014-06-04 2014-09-10 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 Electric acoustic device and assembly method for same
JP6132075B2 (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-05-24 株式会社村田製作所 Electromechanical transducer and tactile presentation device
TW201623004A (en) * 2014-12-26 2016-07-01 財團法人紡織產業綜合研究所 Flexible sound-absorption composite film
JP2017175751A (en) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 国立大学法人東北大学 Oscillating power generation element
CN105872917B (en) * 2016-03-28 2019-06-25 歌尔股份有限公司 Loudspeaker mould group
CN108332888B (en) * 2017-01-20 2020-02-18 中国科学院物理研究所 All-carbon aerogel pressure sensor
CN107016988B (en) * 2017-03-03 2021-02-05 中南大学 Light anti-sound material and preparation method thereof
CN107071668B (en) * 2017-05-24 2019-08-20 歌尔股份有限公司 Loudspeaker mould group and electronic equipment
CN111039321A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-21 电子科技大学 Gel-aging integrated method for preparing PZT piezoelectric aerogel
FR3107137B1 (en) * 2020-02-10 2023-05-12 Fabrice Cruette Acoustic enclosure device with increased performance by means of a casing and interior elements covered with an additional flexible gel that absorbs vibrations and pressure variations.
CN111805890A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-23 西安交通大学 Printing end of high-viscosity ink-jet printing head and high-viscosity ink-jet printing head
CN113691910A (en) * 2021-08-13 2021-11-23 维沃移动通信有限公司 Speaker, preparation method of gel layer and electronic equipment
CN114776745A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-07-22 佛山市华道超精科技有限公司 Flexible guide piece, flexible guide mechanism and flexible guide device

Family Cites Families (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB758631A (en) * 1952-01-31 1956-10-10 Nat Res Dev Improvements in and relating to ultrasonic oscillators and vibratory tools
JPS5241048B1 (en) * 1970-08-20 1977-10-15
CA1204533A (en) 1980-11-20 1986-05-13 Akitaro Nakahira Rubber material
JPS57210798A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-12-24 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Speaker system
EP0111408A1 (en) * 1982-12-02 1984-06-20 Celestion International Limited Loudspeaker cabinets
US4868447A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-09-19 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Piezoelectric polymer laminates for torsional and bending modal control
JPH01157473A (en) * 1987-12-15 1989-06-20 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Fine porous body
US4954327A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-09-04 Blount David H Production of silica aerogels
JPH0370395A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Speaker unit
JPH03108997A (en) * 1989-09-22 1991-05-09 Temuko Japan:Kk Bone conduction microphone
US5394786A (en) * 1990-06-19 1995-03-07 Suppression Systems Engineering Corp. Acoustic/shock wave attenuating assembly
JPH04117900A (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-04-17 Sharp Corp Speaker system
CH684206A5 (en) * 1990-11-12 1994-07-29 Matec Holding Disposable heat shield.
JP2539106B2 (en) * 1991-03-20 1996-10-02 富士通株式会社 Piezoelectric actuator and manufacturing method thereof
JPH04353463A (en) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-08 Brother Ind Ltd Manufacture of piezoelectric element for pulse droplet bonding apparatus
JP3006193B2 (en) * 1991-08-26 2000-02-07 ブラザー工業株式会社 Method for manufacturing piezoelectric element for inkjet printer head
JPH0555659A (en) * 1991-08-28 1993-03-05 Alps Electric Co Ltd Multilayered piezoelectric element
US5381149A (en) * 1992-04-17 1995-01-10 Hughes Aircraft Company Broadband absorbers of electromagnetic radiation based on aerogel materials, and method of making the same
GB9215254D0 (en) * 1992-07-17 1992-09-02 Cookson Group Plc Ceramic deflection device
US5485053A (en) 1993-10-15 1996-01-16 Univ America Catholic Method and device for active constrained layer damping for vibration and sound control
JP3332279B2 (en) * 1993-12-14 2002-10-07 呉羽化学工業株式会社 Deflection sensor and fishing rod having the same
DE4409309A1 (en) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-21 Basf Ag Molded articles containing silica airgel particles and process for their production
CH688059A5 (en) * 1994-07-26 1997-04-30 Matec Holding Ag Double glazing.
MX9704728A (en) * 1994-12-21 1997-10-31 Hoechst Ag Nonwoven fabric-aerogel composite material containing two-component fibres, a method of producing said material and the use thereof.
US5655538A (en) * 1995-06-19 1997-08-12 General Electric Company Ultrasonic phased array transducer with an ultralow impedance backfill and a method for making
JPH0944166A (en) * 1995-07-25 1997-02-14 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Soundproof sheet
US5613188A (en) * 1995-08-15 1997-03-18 United Technologies Corporation Interlaced conductor/back-iron secondary for induction motors
DE19533564A1 (en) * 1995-09-11 1997-03-13 Hoechst Ag Fibrous airgel composite material
US5748758A (en) * 1996-01-25 1998-05-05 Menasco, Jr.; Lawrence C. Acoustic audio transducer with aerogel diaphragm
US5818400A (en) * 1996-04-09 1998-10-06 International Resource Management Inc. Display device using intersecting optical beams
GB9618052D0 (en) 1996-08-29 1996-10-09 Univ Birmingham Piezoelectric elements and devices incorporating same
US5784758A (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-07-28 Youngdale Manufacturing Corp. Low profile self-latching knife hinge
US6677034B1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2004-01-13 1 . . . Limited Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
GB0115074D0 (en) * 2001-06-20 2001-08-15 1 Ltd Sensors using an electro-active device
GB0123294D0 (en) * 2001-09-27 2001-11-21 1 Ltd Piezoelectric structures
US6992422B2 (en) * 2003-06-11 2006-01-31 Texas Instruments Incorporated Position sensor for a pivoting platform

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1269912A (en) 2000-10-11
GB2329514A (en) 1999-03-24
GB9819304D0 (en) 1998-10-28
US6677034B1 (en) 2004-01-13
CN1182598C (en) 2004-12-29
AU8991898A (en) 1999-03-29
GB2329514A8 (en) 2000-02-22
WO1999013681A3 (en) 1999-08-05
GB2329514B (en) 2002-02-13
WO1999013681A2 (en) 1999-03-18
EP1012891A2 (en) 2000-06-28
JP2001517004A (en) 2001-10-02
US20040101150A1 (en) 2004-05-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1999013681B1 (en) Aerogels, piezoelectric devices, and uses therefor
JP2001517004A5 (en)
Fuller et al. Active control of interior noise in model aircraft fuselages using piezoceramic actuators
US5386479A (en) Piezoelectric sound sources
US5757726A (en) Flextensional acoustic source for offshore seismic exploration
CN103810991B (en) It has both negative effective mass density and bears the acoustic function material of effect Bulk modulus
Aurégan Ultra-thin low frequency perfect sound absorber with high ratio of active area
US2775309A (en) Sound translating devices
CN108780637B (en) Acoustic absorber, sound absorbing wall and design and production method
US6069840A (en) Mechanically coupled helmholtz resonators for broadband acoustic attenuation
CN104347064B (en) Hybrid resonator and array of hybrid resonators
MXPA05011254A (en) Component that absorbs airborne sound.
WO2005038154A3 (en) Composite acoustic attenuation materials
US8320598B2 (en) Apparatus and method
CA2076649A1 (en) Particle manipulation in an ultrasonic field
CN109263165A (en) A kind of middle low frequency suction vibration isolation metamaterial of multiband selected control
GB2028049A (en) Sound absorbing resonators
Fuller et al. Acoustics 1991: Active structural acoustic control
CN209096160U (en) A kind of middle low frequency suction vibration isolation metamaterial of multiband selected control
WO2016173502A1 (en) Degenerate resonators using elastic metamaterials with independent monopole and dipole resonant structures
EP0817164B1 (en) Noise absorbing structures and walls made therefrom
CN211572108U (en) Light wood structure inner wall capable of adjusting and controlling sound absorption and noise reduction
FR2693070A1 (en) Electro-acoustic electrodynamic transducers with moving coil.
GB2365251A (en) Aerogel moving magnet device
Liu et al. Broadband Noise Absorber with Piezoelectric Shunting

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 98808890.8

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998941601

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09508009

Country of ref document: US

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998941601

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA