WO1999019224A1 - Reusable packaging - Google Patents
Reusable packaging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999019224A1 WO1999019224A1 PCT/GB1998/003005 GB9803005W WO9919224A1 WO 1999019224 A1 WO1999019224 A1 WO 1999019224A1 GB 9803005 W GB9803005 W GB 9803005W WO 9919224 A1 WO9919224 A1 WO 9919224A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pallet
- container
- pallet cover
- plastics
- bag
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
- B65D19/38—Details or accessories
- B65D19/44—Elements or devices for locating articles on platforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/16—End- or aperture-closing arrangements or devices
- B65D33/25—Riveting; Dovetailing; Screwing; using press buttons or slide fasteners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/80—Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging
Definitions
- This invention relates to containers and packaging, and is particularly concerned with the provision of containers and packaging which can be re-used.
- the invention relates to containers having a closable opening, including those used commercially for the storage and transportation of a wide variety of products.
- a particular aspect of this invention is concerned with such a closable plastics container which, because of the nature of the sealing device, is reusable on many occasions.
- plastics bags find application as flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) and as liners for rigid intermediate bulk containers (RIBCs).
- FIBCs and RIBCs normally have a capacity of up to 3000 litres and more typically have a capacity of about 1000 litres. Depending upon the density of the contents, therefore, a 1000 litre FIBC may carry a load of up to about 1500 kg.
- Such containers are used for the storage and transportation of materials in powder, granule or paste form, for example chemical raw materials and foodstuffs.
- FIBCs may have an inner liner and do not require further packaging.
- FIBCs are typically designed to be lifted from above using integral, detachable or permanently attached lifting devices.
- FIBCs are generally comprised of plastics such as polyalkenes, typically polyethylene or polypropylene, or polyesters, for example; alternatively they may be made of woven fabric or of paper.
- plastics such as polyalkenes, typically polyethylene or polypropylene, or polyesters, for example; alternatively they may be made of woven fabric or of paper.
- One class of container is made using sheet plastics laminate material.
- the containers are typically reinforced, for example by a fabric or alternatively by fibres, and may comprise laminates of such reinforced or non-reinforced polymers with aluminium; optionally, further materials may also be incorporated.
- One exemplary material is a cross-laminated HDPE film sold under the registered trade mark Valeron by Van Leer Flexible Packaging, PO Box 88, B 2910 Essen, Belgium.
- Plastics bags also find application for somewhat smaller bulk containers, for example with a capacity of about 25 litres.
- One 25 litre flexible plastics container has a paper lining and is used for the transport and storage of dry foodstuffs, especially rice.
- a pallet cover which is typically heat-sealed plastics sheeting enclosing a pallet and one or more articles loaded on the pallet.
- a pallet cover typically heat-sealed plastics sheeting enclosing a pallet and one or more articles loaded on the pallet.
- sealing of the containers is required in order to protect the goods and/or prevent loss through spillage or leakage of materials in transit.
- sealing is achieved by the application of heat and, to this end, the incorporation of a reliable heatseal medium in the material of the containers ensures that an effective seal may be obtained. Whilst such means ensure that high efficiency of sealing is achieved, once the seal is broken, for example following transportation, and the contents of the container have been removed, re-use is not possible, and the used container has to be disposed of in a suitable manner.
- a resealable flexible bulk container especially a resealable flexible plastics bulk container. It is an objective of a preferred embodiment of the present invention to provide a plastics container in the form of a plastics bag which may be used as an FIBC or as a liner in an RIBC, and which may be reused on several occasions.
- a flexible bulk container especially a flexible plastics bulk container, having an opening which is closable by means of a zip fastener.
- the container in some preferred embodiments is an FIBC or a liner for an RIBC. In other preferred embodiments, the container is a pallet cover or an order picking container.
- a plastics bag which may be a bulk container, having an opening which is closable by means of a zip fastener attached to the body of the bag by means of an adhesive or by welding.
- the bag is typically comprised in a bulk container having a capacity of about 25 litres or more, e.g. 500 litres or more.
- the bag is an FIBC or a liner for an RIBC having in either case a capacity of about 1000 litres, or it may be bigger.
- the bag is a pallet cover.
- plastics bags of this aspect of the invention are very easy to produce and operate and, once emptied of their initial contents and cleaned internally, the bags are available for re-use, leading to further cost savings in addition to the environmental benefits which accrue as a result of the reduction in waste.
- the zip preferably comprises plastics material the same as or similar to that of the bag, in order that compatibility with the proposed contents may be ensured.
- the surfaces of the zip preferably comprise a plastics material having compatability properties similar to those of the bag.
- the zip may be stitched to the body of the container or bag.
- the zip may extend across the top of the flexible container or bag, or it may be located in a sidewall thereof, as is preferred in the case of pallet covers, FIBCs and RIBC liners.
- the invention includes pallet covers, FIBCs and RIBC liners which are made using plastics sheet material (which may be reinforced and/or laminated) and comprise in a sidewall thereof an opening provided with a zip fastener, which is suitably in an upright orientation in use and may have a length of, for example, 25-50 cm, e.g. about 30 cm.
- the body of the flexible container may comprise any plastics material known for the construction of such containers.
- the plastics material may be reinforced and/or be laminated; such laminates may include non-plastics materials (notably metal foil, especially aluminium foil) as well as plastics materials.
- an outer layer comprising flexible plastics film material e.g. a reinforced polyalkane or polyester, is lined by an inner layer of, for example, paper.
- a reinforced polyalkane or polyester materials do not have to be lined.
- the invention includes containers suitable for providing thermal insulation and comprising bubble film optionally laminated to a metal foil material.
- the adhesive utilised in some embodiments of the present invention may be applied as an adhesive strip, allowing the plastics of the zip fastener to be directly attached to the surface of the plastics bag.
- the adhesive strip is in the form of a double-sided adhesive strip, which may conveniently be applied such that the zip fastener becomes affixed to the outer surface of the plastics bag.
- the zip may be attached to the inner surface of said bag.
- the containers and bags of the invention may be in the form of pallet covers.
- the invention provides in a further aspect a reusable flexible pallet cover characterised in that it has, in use, an open bottom and in that, usually, it comprises a releasable fastener member for directly or indirectly holding the pallet cover to a pallet.
- Preferred embodiments are set forth in the claims.
- the invention also includes a package comprising a pallet having one or more articles loaded thereon and, covering the articles, a flexible pallet cover open at the bottom and seated on or at least partially surrounding the pallet, the pallet cover being directly or indirectly held to the pallet by a releasable fastener member.
- Preferred pallet covers of the invention, as well as other containers, may be made from flexible packaging comprising cruciform sheet material.
- Such packaging forms a further aspect of the invention and has arms whose adjacent side margins are provided with respective members of a zip fastener for zipping the margins together.
- the zip fastener members are suitably adhered or welded to the sheet material.
- the sheet material may comprise bubble film optionally laminated to a metal foil material.
- the invention also includes zippable bubble film packaging, for example containers, in other configurations.
- Figure 1 illustrates a bag or container of the invention embodied as a first design of pallet cover
- Figure 2 illustrates a bag or container of the invention embodied as a second design of pallet cover
- Figure 3 illustrates cruciform packaging which may be zipped up to form a pallet cover or order picking bag embodying the invention
- Figure 4 is an enlarged partial elevation of packaging incorporating a zip; and Figure 5 is a cross section along line X-X of Figure 4.
- Figure 1 therefore, illustrates a flexible bulk container 1 (in this case, a pallet cover) having an opening which is closed by a zip fastener 2.
- the illustrated container has a zip fastener 2 at each of its far corners.
- Figure 1 also serves to illustrate a plastics bag 1 (ie pallet cover) having an opening closed by means of a zip fastener attached to the body of the bag by means of an adhesive or welding.
- plastics bag 1 ie pallet cover
- FIG. 1 does not strictly require its side wall to contain an opening closable by a zip fastener or alternative closure device.
- Figure 1 therefore serves additionally to illustrate a reusable flexible pallet cover 1 which has an open bottom, and usually, a releasable fastener member (strap 3) for indirectly or directly holding the pallet cover 1 to a pallet 4.
- trap 3 a releasable fastener member
- FIG. 1 shows a flexible pallet cover 1, representing a container or bag of the invention.
- a zip fastener 2 is provided at each corner of the pallet cover but, of course, a greater or lesser number of zip fasteners may be provided.
- the pallet cover 1 belongs to a class of flexible bulk containers having a zip 2 located in the container side wall. As shown, the zip 2 serves to close an opening which in use constitutes an upward slit which may, if desired, be at an angle to the vertical.
- the openings which are closeable by the zip fasteners 2 may dispensed with or, alternatively, the one or more openings may be opened and closed by an alternative closure device, for example a rope or the like which can be laced through holes defined in marginal portions of the pallet cover on each side of the slit or opening.
- an alternative closure device for example a rope or the like which can be laced through holes defined in marginal portions of the pallet cover on each side of the slit or opening.
- the zip fastener(s) 2 may be stitched to the body of the pallet cover 1 but is/are more preferably secured thereto by adhesive or by welding, as is described in more detail below and essential in one aspect of the invention.
- the pallet cover 1 is held directly or indirectly to the pallet 4 by a releasable fastening member and, more particularly, by one or more straps 3, which have a free end which can be coupled to the pallet or to a strap member extending under the bottom of the pallet.
- the bottom strap member may be part of the strap 3 or a separate length of strapping. If separate bottom and top straps are used, the two ends of one are usually attachable to the two ends of the other, as for example by buckles or clips.
- the strap 3 may therefore have at each end one member of a plural member securing device (eg buckle), whether for securing to a bottom strap or to a securing device attached to the pallet (not shown).
- the strap 3 is provided at its free end with a hook- profile cleat 5 which extends under the pallet and, usually, has a serrated end which serves to grasp the wood of the pallet when the strap 3 is under tension.
- the cleat 5 may be made of metal or a suitable plastics material.
- the strap 3 is desirably provided with a tension adjustment device such as, for example, a tensioning buckle 6.
- a plurality of fastening members may be provided. For example, it is convenient to provide two straps 3 which are spaced from one another and at least approximately in parallel, as shown. Additionally or alternatively to providing at least a second parallel strap, one or more crosswise straps may be provided.
- the straps 3 are desirably secured to the body of the pallet cover, for example, by stitching adhesive or welding.
- the bags and containers of the invention are normally made out of plastics sheet material, which may be reinforced and/or be laminated.
- a pallet cover 1 may be made from cross-laminated HDPE film such as that sold under the trade mark Valeron, for example.
- a cross-laminated LDPE film eg that sold under the trade mark Valcross
- polyester film eg that sold under the trade mark Valcross
- plastics/metal foil (especially aluminium foil) laminates for example cross- laminated LDPE/aluminium foil laminate optionally incorporating polyester; also suitable are aluminium barrier foils which are polyester-aluminium-LDPE coating-HDPE laminates such as those sold under the trade mark Valsem 527 (Barrier Technology Limited, Salford, Manchester M5 2GL, UK).
- bags or containers eg pallet covers
- thermal insulation may be made from bubble film, especially bubble film laminated to metal foil, more especially aluminium foil.
- Zip fasteners can be welded or adhered to such laminates based on bubble film and foil.
- the zip fasteners incorporated in the bags and containers of the invention suitably comprise mating zip elements stitched to "wings" made of plastics material, especially a film containing cross-laminated polyethylene as described in the preceding paragraph.
- the "wings" of the fastener are typically glued or, more preferably, welded to the bag or container.
- one or both of the zip "wings" or the bag/container material will in practice be coated with a heat-seal coating, suitably that sold by Du Pont under the trade mark Surlyn.
- Figure 2 illustrates a second design of pallet cover which embodies a zipped bag or container of the invention.
- the Figure shows a pallet cover 1 incorporating one or more zip fasteners 2 (which may be dispensed with in some aspects of the invention) and seated on a pallet 4.
- a plurality of straps 3' releasably hold the pallet cover 1 to the pallet, for example by placing loops 7 at the free ends of the straps 3' around exposed ends 8 of pallet planks.
- the top ends of the straps are directly or indirectly secured to the pallet cover 1, for example by stitching.
- Figure 2 therefore, illustrates a pallet cover which comprises a plurality of releasable fastening members which extend in a direction having a sideways component to an attachment point.
- the straps 3' extend in a diagonal direction, in effect partially wrapping round the pallet cover 1.
- Figure 3 illustrates flexible packaging suitable for use as a pallet cover of the invention but also useful for other functions.
- the Figure shows cruciform sheet material 9 (eg made of plastics as described above in relation to Figure 1) having four arms 10.
- Adjacent side margins 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b of the arms 10 are provided with respective members of a zip fastener for zipping adjacent margins together.
- plastics "wings" of a zip fastener may be welded or adhered to the side margins.
- Straps 3" or other releasable fastening means may be provided, if the packaging is to form a pallet cover.
- pallet covers are representative of those bags/containers of the invention having a volume of at least 1000 litres.
- the packaging shown in Figure 3 may be used as an order-picking bag: articles packed in a zipped-up bag can be picked in order from the top of the bag. Variants of such bags may have a number of zip fasteners other than 4.
- the packaging shown in Figure 3 can be made of a bubble film material to form insulated containers/packaging useful not only as pallet covers but also for other applications.
- material is provided to form an insulated closure for the mouth defined by the arms of the cruciform packaging.
- one the arms 10 may be extended to provide a flap for closing the mouth and desirably securable to the edges of the mouth, for example by zip fasteners or hook and fibre fasteners of the type sold under the trade mark Velcro; alternatively, two opposed arms may be extended, for example.
- the invention accordingly includes cruciform packaging of which not all the arms are equal in length as well as such packaging in which the arms are of equal length.
- Figure 4 shows in elevation a portion of an article made in accordance with the invention, for example, packaging, a bag or a container.
- the article comprises flexible plastics material 15, for example LDPE sheeting (in other embodiments the flexible plastics material is a polyethylene/aluminium foil laminate or bubble film), to which are glued or, preferably, welded the wings 16 of a zip fastener, as can be understood clearly from Figure 5.
- the mating elements of the zip fastener are indicated by reference numeral 17.
- a zippable bag, container or packaging of the invention inspective of whether it is an FIBC, an RIBC liner, an RIBC cover, a pallet cover or otherwise, is reusable.
- prior art heat-shrunk containers are opened by cutting and so become waste
- the bags or containers of the invention are opened by unzipping and can be re-used. If necessary, they may be washed between uses.
- a plastics bag or container of the invention is a bag or cover for accommodating a carpet, particularly a rolled up carpet.
- the bag will be elongate and formed of sufficiently strong plastics material having regard to the nature of the bag contents.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IL13555898A IL135558A0 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
EP98946575A EP1021351B1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
DE69811701T DE69811701D1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | reusable packaging |
CA002306164A CA2306164A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
AU93578/98A AU751372B2 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
AT98946575T ATE233206T1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | REUSABLE PACKAGING |
US09/529,238 US6540085B1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9721423.3 | 1997-10-09 | ||
GB9721423A GB9721423D0 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1997-10-09 | Containers |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999019224A1 true WO1999019224A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
Family
ID=10820291
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1998/003005 WO1999019224A1 (en) | 1997-10-09 | 1998-10-08 | Reusable packaging |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6540085B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1302401A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2001048228A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE233206T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU751372B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE1011959A6 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2306164A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69811701D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2769606B3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9721423D0 (en) |
IL (1) | IL135558A0 (en) |
NL (1) | NL1010271C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999019224A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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DE10116574A1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-24 | Wilfried Johann Jung | Method for producing thermal insulation mats involves use of layers of absorption reducing air-cushion foils which combine insulation with IR radiation reflection of metallized surfaces |
US11492194B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2022-11-08 | I.C.E. Packaging Company, Llc | Industrial containment bags for bulk materials, waste materials and/or hazardous materials with varying levels of radioactivity |
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US11591133B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2023-02-28 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Pallet cover comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
WO2017062675A2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-13 | Cold Chain Technologies, Inc. | Pallet cover comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
US11964795B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2024-04-23 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Device comprising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the device |
US10583978B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2020-03-10 | Cold Chain Technologies, Llc | Pallet cover compromising one or more temperature-control members and kit for use in making the pallet cover |
RU2652582C2 (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2018-04-26 | Александр Алексеевич Парфенов | Packaging for stacked products |
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DE102019135566A1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-24 | Walz-MC-Packaging GmbH | Packing device and method for packaging at least one goods arranged on a pallet for transporting the goods |
KR102213501B1 (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-02-08 | (주)에프엠에스코리아 | Insulated and sealed pallet apparatus for transportation |
CN116490080A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-07-25 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | New formulation with reduced antioxidant content, its manufacture and use |
WO2022112585A1 (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-02 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | New sugar-free formulations, their manufacture and use |
WO2023084227A1 (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-05-19 | Paua Trading Limited | Cargo cover for a load on a pallet or roll cage, buckle and fastener |
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-
1997
- 1997-10-09 GB GB9721423A patent/GB9721423D0/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-10-08 NL NL1010271A patent/NL1010271C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-08 FR FR9812596A patent/FR2769606B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-08 CA CA002306164A patent/CA2306164A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-08 AT AT98946575T patent/ATE233206T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-08 IL IL13555898A patent/IL135558A0/en unknown
- 1998-10-08 EP EP02029010A patent/EP1302401A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-08 BE BE9800729A patent/BE1011959A6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-10-08 WO PCT/GB1998/003005 patent/WO1999019224A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-08 DE DE69811701T patent/DE69811701D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-08 US US09/529,238 patent/US6540085B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-10-08 AU AU93578/98A patent/AU751372B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-10-08 EP EP98946575A patent/EP1021351B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-07-19 JP JP2000219127A patent/JP2001048228A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3552466A (en) * | 1968-10-11 | 1971-01-05 | Hoover Aircraft Products Co | Inflatable freight container |
US3659641A (en) * | 1969-10-03 | 1972-05-02 | Frank J Marino | Cargo container |
EP0000797A1 (en) * | 1977-08-04 | 1979-02-21 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Microwave energy moderator |
EP0371402A2 (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-06 | Idemitsu Petrochemical Co. Ltd. | Fastener and wrapping bag having the same |
US5638979A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1997-06-17 | Radiant Technologies, Inc. | Thermal reflective packaging system |
US5388702A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1995-02-14 | Worldwide Container Services, Inc. | Pallet jacket |
US5425456A (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1995-06-20 | S.E.E.C., Inc. | Waste collection and separation apparatus and method |
WO1997001498A1 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-01-16 | Jumbo Tanks Holdings Limited | Cargo container tank |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10116574A1 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2002-10-24 | Wilfried Johann Jung | Method for producing thermal insulation mats involves use of layers of absorption reducing air-cushion foils which combine insulation with IR radiation reflection of metallized surfaces |
DE10116574B4 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2013-05-08 | Wilfried Johann Jung | Multi-layer thermal insulation mat made of bubble wrap and IR-reflecting layers |
US11492194B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2022-11-08 | I.C.E. Packaging Company, Llc | Industrial containment bags for bulk materials, waste materials and/or hazardous materials with varying levels of radioactivity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL135558A0 (en) | 2001-05-20 |
ATE233206T1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
JP2001048228A (en) | 2001-02-20 |
AU751372B2 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
BE1011959A6 (en) | 2000-03-07 |
US6540085B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
EP1021351A1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
FR2769606B3 (en) | 1999-09-17 |
FR2769606A3 (en) | 1999-04-16 |
GB9721423D0 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
AU9357898A (en) | 1999-05-03 |
NL1010271C1 (en) | 1999-04-12 |
EP1021351B1 (en) | 2003-02-26 |
CA2306164A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 |
DE69811701D1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
EP1302401A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
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