WO1999022643A1 - Guidewire with disposition to coil - Google Patents
Guidewire with disposition to coil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999022643A1 WO1999022643A1 PCT/US1998/023133 US9823133W WO9922643A1 WO 1999022643 A1 WO1999022643 A1 WO 1999022643A1 US 9823133 W US9823133 W US 9823133W WO 9922643 A1 WO9922643 A1 WO 9922643A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- guidewire
- wire
- coil
- distal
- segment
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
- B21F45/008—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of medical instruments, e.g. stents, corneal rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09058—Basic structures of guide wires
- A61M2025/09083—Basic structures of guide wires having a coil around a core
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09108—Methods for making a guide wire
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of guidewires or wire guides used for diagnostic, interventional, or therapeutic medical procedures which define and are carried out within a sterile field. More specifically, this invention relates to guidewires which are conveniently useable within the spatial limits of a sterile field. Guidewires of this invention also significantly reduce the likelihood that they will become contaminated by physical displacement from the sterile field or inadvertent contact with a non-sterile surface.
- Guidewires are used in various medical procedures to gain vascular or non-vascular access to anatomical locations.
- the guidewire is initially introduced into the anatomy of a patient by means of a needle or other access device which in many procedures pierces the patient's skin.
- the guidewire is then advanced to a chosen or targeted anatomical location to provide a means of tracking guidance and support for other diagnostic, interventional, or therapeutic medical devices having lumens which can follow or track over a guidewire. Once such other medical devices reach their desired anatomical location, the guidewire is or can be withdrawn.
- the physician then proceeds with the protocol of the procedure.
- a specific but non-limiting example of the above is the placement of a multi-lumen catheter into the internal jugular vein for intraveneous delivery of medications.
- the physician achieves venous access with a percutaneous introducer needle which penetrates the surrounding tissue and vessel wall as it enters the vessel lumen.
- the guidewire is inserted through the introducer needle and advanced to the internal jugular vein.
- the needle is withdrawn over the guidewire and placed on the sterile field, i.e., the sterile area surrounding and adjacent to the site of the medical procedure.
- a dilating sheath is inserted over the guidewire and advanced through the skin to enlarge the percutaneous opening.
- the dilating sheath is withdrawn over the guidewire and placed in the sterile field.
- the multi- lumen catheter is then slid over the guidewire by means of one of its lumens and advanced to the desired location. Once the catheter reaches the desired position within the vessel, the guidewire is withdrawn and placed on the sterile field for possible future use.
- the physician may need or may choose to reinsert or use a number of additional other diagnostic, interventional, or therapeutic devices during the procedure.
- fluoroscopic imaging may disclose the catheter to be incorrectly positioned.
- the physician may choose to reinsert the guidewire to provide support to the catheter as the catheter is withdrawn or advanced to the correct position.
- Reinsertion of such other medical devices will necessitate reinsertion of the guidewire into the vasculature or to some other desired anatomical site.
- Numerous other medical procedures requiring guidewire reinsertion will be known to one skilled in this art.
- the guidewire must be readily available for use and must maintain its sterility throughout what may be a lengthy procedure.
- the devices utilized during a procedure are laid out on a sterile field to be readily accessible to the physician throughout the procedure.
- the sterile field may include a tray, a draped table, or a draped portion of the patient's body. Therefore, the sterile field may be limited in space and sometimes may not be level, but rather, uneven or tilted. For example, as a preventative measure for reducing the likelihood of introducing an air embolism during a central venous access procedure, the patient table is commonly tilted with the patient's head angled downward toward the floor.
- a guidewire's unpackaged shape is similar to a linear spring ranging in length from 30 centimeters to 300 centimeters or more.
- the guidewire is usually packaged in a circular carrier known as a dispenser, which has been discussed in numerous United States patents including U.S. 5,443,081 and 4,279,572 both issued to James J. Kleinman.
- a dispenser which has been discussed in numerous United States patents including U.S. 5,443,081 and 4,279,572 both issued to James J. Kleinman.
- the guidewire Once removed from the dispenser, the guidewire returns to its straight, substantially linear form. Because of the linear form and circular cross section of the guidewire, it may inadvertently become displaced from the sterile field by rolling or falling off.
- a second approach of which the assignee of this application has become aware is to manufacture the guidewire from a material having a temperature dependent configuration , i.e., the configuration the guidewire tends to assume, is determined by the temperature to which the guidewire is exposed.
- Materials useable in this approach can be processed to have a tendency to coil at room temperature (e.g., 25° C) outside the body and to uncoil, i.e., to become substantially linear, at body temperature (e.g., 37° C) e.g., when it is reinserted into the body.
- room temperature e.g. 25° C
- uncoil i.e., to become substantially linear
- body temperature e.g., 37° C
- specific nickel titanium alloys e.g., nitinol
- This second approach has the significant drawback that the materials which are suitable for manufacturing guidewires and which exhibit a temperature dependent configuration are generally difficult to fabricate into conventional guidewires because they are resistant to conventional welding and brazing processes. Additionally, such temperature dependent materials tend to be more expensive than conventional metals such as medical grade stainless steel.
- the present invention provides the physician with a means of efficiently, conveniently and cost effectively reducing the risk of inadvertent contamination of the guidewire during a medical procedure use and handling, without re-loading the guidewire into its dispenser or utilization of materials which exhibit temperature-dependent memory.
- the present invention is an elongate guidewire comprising a guidewire body having coupled or connected distal, medial and proximal segments. At least a substantial part of at least one of the distal, medial or proximal guidewire segments has a substantially permanent disposition or pre-disposition to assume the configuration or shape of a helical coil. Put otherwise, a guidewire of this invention self-coils to a coiled, usually circular, configuration or arrangement. In a preferred embodiment, substantially the entire guidewire body has a substantially permanent predisposition to coil. In yet a further preferred embodiment, the guidewire comprises metal which does not exhibit temperature dependent memory, especially including substantially conventional ferric metal such as medical grade stainless steel (e.g., 304 stainless steel) .
- substantially conventional ferric metal such as medical grade stainless steel (e.g., 304 stainless steel) .
- guidewire as used herein is to be broadly construed to mean essentially any wire-like structure of dimension and length which is intended to assist in the placement of a catheter or other medical device at a site of medical interest. (Percutaneous procedures in which placement of a catheter or other device through the skin is contemplated, are a preferred category of medical procedures in which guidewire are used.) Guidewires herein is intended to include but is not limited to what is usually referred to as a guidewire, a main wire, introducer guidewires, diagnostic, therapeutic or interventional guidewires, wire guides, and spring guidewires, but also includes exchange guidewires and extension wires. Dimensions of guidewires to which the present invention applies falls in the range of about 0.010 in. to about 0.065 in.
- Guidewires of the present invention may include structure (e.g., on their extreme proximal segment) which permits them to be extended during a procedure by connection to a second (extension wire) guidewire.
- Guidewires of this invention may be coated or treated with various polymers or other compounds to change their handling or performance characteristics such as to increase lubricity, or to reduce thrombogenicity. Guidewires of the invention may also be uncoated.
- Guidewires of the present invention are required to have in at least some substantial portion of the body thereof a substantially "permanent" disposition or predisposition to coil.
- the guidewire, especially a substantial portion thereof will have a substantially permanent, non-transitory, i.e., neither time nor temperature dependent, tendency or predisposition to maintain itself, or to retum to (if it has been uncoiled) a coiled, usually circular, configuration.
- a substantially permanent predisposition to coil should not be narrowly construed to mean predisposition to return to precisely the same coiled configuration as was assumed before uncoiling.
- Coiling and uncoiling a guidewire of this invention may change the precise coiled configuration to which the guidewire returns when it recoils.
- Such minor changes in the coil configuration are intended to be within the definition of a substantially permanent predisposition to coil.
- a permanent predisposition to coil can be imparted to relatively conventional metals such as stainless steel.
- guidewire components may be fabricated from alloys of platinum, gold, tantalum, nickel, titanium, or cobalt.
- Guidewires of this invention also may be fabricated from non- metallic, polymer materials, assuming such materials display a permanent disposition or predisposition to assume a coiled configuration in accordance with this invention.
- FIGs. 1 A and 1 B are perspective, schematic views of guidewires of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a detailed, partially sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an assembly step in a method of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a detailed, partially sectional view of a second embodiment of this invention.
- FIGs. 5 and 6 illustrate coiled guidewire carriers.
- FIGs. 7-1 1 are schematic, perspective illustrations of tooling used to impart a permanent predisposition to coil to guidewires of the present invention.
- FIGs. 12A-12D illustrate the finger-straightenable optional feature of the present invention.
- FIGs. 1 A and 1 B are schematic depictions of guidewires 10, 10' of the present invention shown in their coiled configuration.
- Guidewires 10, 10' comprise a guidewire body having a connected or coupled proximal segment 12, 1 2', a distal segment 14, 14', and a permanently coiled medial segment 16, 16' .
- proximal, medial, and distal as it is used with reference to guidewire structure, will be well understood by one skilled in this art to mean structures of the wire as determined from the user's perspective. More specifically, the distal segment of a wire of this invention generally means that portion of the guidewire which first enters a patient's anatomy when the device is utilized.
- the distal segment of any particular guidewire tends to be more flexible than the rest of the guidewire.
- This distal segment of a guidewire also may be bent to have a "J" configuration as viewed from the side.
- the medial segment of the guidewire is generally any portion of the wire between the distal segment and the proximal segment.
- the proximal segment of the wire is generally that portion of the wire where much of the manual manipulation of the guidewire occurs and which does not usually enter the patient's anatomy during a medical procedure.
- designation of a guidewire length into distal, medial, and proximal segments is not particularly critical as the present invention may be applied to any, all, or a combination of those guidewire body segments.
- the medial segment of a guidewire of this invention will comprise a majority of the length of the guidewire body and will be imparted with a predisposition to assume a coiled configuration in accordiance with this invention.
- a greater percentage of the guidewire body is coiled, thereby imparting control and the advantageous handling characteristics of this invention to more of the guidewire body.
- the distal-most portion of the guidewire has a "J" configuration or distal tip 18, 18' which tends to make the extreme distal end of distal segment 14, 14' of the wire atraumatic to the patient's vessels, tissue and other body structures with which it comes in contact during use.
- proximal segment 12 of wire 10 is substantially straight having no disposition to coil.
- Proximal coil segment 12' as shown in FIG. 1 B has a slightly curved configuration, albeit with a radius of curvature larger than that of medial segment 16' .
- Proximal segments 12, 12' may be designed to have various configurations, including bent, slightly to extremely curved or circular, depending upon the intended use for the wire.
- Proximal segment 12, 12' and distal segment 14, 14' may be imparted with a tendency to assume a configuration in which their respective radii of curvature are substantially the same as that of medial segment 16, 16' .
- the only deviation from the curved configuration throughout the entire length of guidewires 10 or 10' would be the extreme distal tip 18, 18' .
- at least some part of one or both distal segments 14, 14' and proximal segments 12, 1 2' will be substantially straight (or will be made to be straightened during the procedure as is described below) so as to make easier the advancement of guidewire 10, 10' through an introducer needle or other entry device.
- the straight length of segments 1 2, 12' and 14, 14' (which may be the same or different) generally ranges from about 5 cm to about 30 cm.
- Medial segment 16, 16' of guidewires 10, 10' is shown to be curved, or more precisely circular in FIGs. 1 A and 1 B.
- Elliptical, flattened elliptical, or various other permanent configurations may be imparted to the wire in accordance with this invention.
- essentially any permanent configuration which tends to contain or manage all or substantially all of the sometimes cumbersome length of the guidewire body to make it more controllable during a medical procedure (and also to reduce the likelihood that the device will leave the sterile field) is within the contemplation of this invention.
- guidewire proximal segment 1 2, 12' and distal segment 14, 14' are generally much shorter in length that medial segment 16.
- the distal and proximal segments 12, 12' and 14, 14', respectively, of a guidewire of this invention may fall in the range of 5 cm to 30 cm while the length of the entire guidewire may fall in the range of 30 cm to 300 cm or more.
- medial segment 1 6, 16' is shown to comprise a single coil in FIGs. 1 A and 1 B, it is to be understood that medial segment 16, 16' may comprise a plurality of coils depending upon overall guidewire length.
- the preferred coil diameter falls in the range of about 2 1 inches (10 cm) to about 10 inches (25 cm).
- the guidewire will have a permanent disposition to coil when withdrawn from the patient without having an excessive tendency to do so, i.e., so as to cause injury while in the patient.
- the patient's anatomical structure will overcome the tendency of the guidewire to self-coil, permitting the guidewire to be inserted and withdrawn without unwanted deflection.
- the guidewire then returns to its coiled configuration as it is withdrawn from the constraints of the patient's anatomical structure.
- the preferred practice of the present invention is to impart a substantially permanent coil predisposition or self- coiling disposition to the medial segment of a guidewire.
- the predisposition to curve may be imparted to the medial segment, either of the proximal and distal segments, both of the proximal and distal segments or all of the distal, medial, or proximal guidewire segments.
- At least two processes have been identified for permanently imparting such predisposition to the various guidewire segments, i.e., cold forming and hot forming.
- the particular process chosen may, in part, be determined by the structural configuration of the guidewire.
- Other processes may occur to one skilled in this art.
- a brief description of a preferred guidewire of this invention may assist in the comprehension of the fabrication processes described below.
- the preferred guidewire structure for application of the present invention is an assembly of a coil component and a core component as is shown in FIG. 2.
- a guidewire 30 which comprises a core component such as core wire 32 (sometimes referred to as a mandril in prior art patents) and a coil component such as coil wire 34.
- Coil wire 34 is shown partially cut-away and in section to permit discussion of the guidewire interior structure.
- Guidewire 30 has a proximal segment 31 , and a distal segment 33.
- Guidewire 30 of FIG. 2 is shown in segments to permit the various structural features to be discussed.
- coil wire 34 is disposed around essentially the entire length of core wire 32.
- Coil wire 34 is closely wound meaning that individual coils 36, 38 are in contact with each other.
- Coil wire 34 could be space wound, meaning that individual coils thereof would not be in contact each other and would have air space therebetween.
- Coil wire 34 also could be partially space wound and partially closely wound (shown in FIG. 3).
- Coil wire 34 is attached to core wire 32 at its most distal and proximal ends by distal weld 40 and proximal weld 42.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the individual coil wire 34 and core wire 32 components prior to assembly.
- wire as used in this context includes a linear and coiled wire segments.
- Multifilar guidewire structures comprising a plurality of wound coil structures, are also within this definition.
- Distal segment 33 of core wire 32 has a first tapered section 44 and is coupled to a reduced diameter distal portion 46. Tapered section 44 and reduced diameter portion 46 provide enhanced flexibility to the distal segment of the guidewire.
- Wire core 32 may also include a flattened extreme distal section (or an extreme proximal section) on either or both of its ends to impart flexibility thereto.
- coil wire 34 is shown to have a tightly wound portion 35 and a space wound portion 37.
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a guidewire configuration 59 with which the present invention may be used.
- the coiled medial segment has been deleted but should be understood to be implicitly present.
- FIG. 4 there is shown a core wire 60, and a wire coil 62 in which core wire 60 terminates short of the distal end 40 of the wire coil at distal ball weld 64.
- Wire core 60 has distal ball weld 64 which reduces the likelihood that core wire 60 will project from between the coils of coil wire 62.
- Running the entire length of guidewire 59 is safety wire 66.
- Safety wire 66 is attached to wire coil 62 at distal weld 40 and proximal weld 42.
- FIG. 5 and 6 illustrate further embodiments of the present invention in which guidewires within its scope are contained within single 20 and multiple coil 22 guidewire carriers. Also shown in FIGs. 5 and 6 is the utilization of a "J" straightener 24 which, in accordance with known practice, temporarily straightens the distal "J" tip to permit the tip to be inserted into the vasculature, e.g., through an introducer wire. See, e.g., U.S. 4,650,472.
- one advantage of this invention is that it provides the option to use a guidewire without the need for a guidewire carrier.
- the permanent predisposition of a guidewire to coil in accordance with this invention, provides many of the transportation, handling, and packaging functions of a guidewire carrier and, depending upon user preference, may be substituted therefor. In this manner the expense of the guidewire carrier itself and of its environmentally acceptable disposal may be reduced or eliminated.
- the segment of the guidewire into which a permanent coiling predisposition is to be imparted is passed between a series of rollers at room temperature, after the wire core and coil wire have been attached to each other, e.g., at welds 40 and 42.
- a series of 4 rollers as is shown in FIGs. 7-1 1 is used.
- FIGs. 7-1 1 (specifically FIG. 7) there is shown a primary bend pin or roller 50, control rollers 52 and 54, and a bend backroller or sizing roller
- roller direction is shown by arrows 55.
- rollers 50 and 56 there is a groove or channel 57 which is sized and aligned with the other rollers to receive a guidewire (not shown).
- bend roller 50, control rollers 52 and 54 or bend backroller 56 have a guidewire-sized channel or groove to retain the guidewire between the rollers in the bending process.
- a substantially permanent predisposition to assume a coiled configuration is imparted to a guidewire (in this example, the medial segment) in the following manner. Referring to the top view of FIG. 8, the medial segment of guidewire 30 is placed between control rollers 52, 54 and bend roller 50 in channel 57 (not shown).
- Control rollers 52, 54 then are moved toward bend roller 50 in the direction of arrows 51 (FIG. 9) to start the bending process.
- Control rollers 52, 54 are rotated clockwise with main bend roller 50 holding guidewire 30 therebetween and rotating counter-clockwise to impart an initial bend to the guidewire (FIG. 10).
- guidewire 30 will be overbent during this initial step to ensure that the guidewire, will return to the desired shape or degree of curvature and after procedural use and handling.
- Sizing or bendback roller 56 may then be moved into position in the direction shown by arrows 53 as is shown in FIGs. 10 and 1 1 to modify the bend and therefor the extent of the coiling predisposition imparted to the guidewire.
- rollers 50,52, and 54 may be changed to impart particular curvilinear predispositions (i.e., coil diameters or coil memory) to produce a self-coiling guidewire structure in accordance with this invention. Adjustment of the roller diameters and of the number of times the guidewire is rolled therebetween also will determine the aggressiveness or resistance to uncoiling the guidewire exhibits.
- wire core 32 is heated to a temperature in the range of about 500 °F to about 1 200°F for a minimum time period of from about 1 5 minutes while it is maintained in a looped or coiled configuration. Heating the wire core to a temperature in the indicated range while maintaining it in a coiled configuration tends to relieve any stresses in the metal and, upon cooling to room temperature, produces a permanently coiled wire core in accordance with this invention. Thereafter, the coiled wire core is attached to the coil wire by inserting the wire core into the coiled wire and joining the distal and proximal ends of wire core and the coil wire. The coil wire, being substantially more flexible than the wire core tends to assume the same coiled configuration as the wire core.
- J guidewire tip configurations are generally imparted to the distal end of the guidewire between attachment (e.g., by welding) of the distal and proximal ends of the guidewire structure. This permits the length relationship between the coil and the core to be more precise.
- FIGs. 2 and 4 have an optional feature, in that the "J" tip is finger-straightenable. Finger- straightenability is imparted to the "J" distal tip by manufacturing coil 62 from a wire diameter which is typically .001 " smaller than convention coil wire size. Additionally, safety wire 66 (FIG. 4) or core wire 60 (FIG. 4) are downsized from conventional designs (e.g., by a reduction in cross- sectional thickness of at least 15%) to create less resistance to opening of the J-shaped tip. Reference is now made to FIGs. 12A-12D in which finger straightenability is illustrated.
- FIG. 1 2A illustrates a guidewire 30 such as that of FIG. 2, above, held between the gloved thumb 80 and forefinger 82 of the guidewire user.
- Arrow 84 indicates that the guidewire 30 is gripped approximately 5-6 cm from its distal "J" tip 18.
- triangles 86 indicate that the guidewire is held securely between the thumb 80 and forefinger 82 while wrapping fingers 88 around guidewire 30 pressing guidewire 30 against the user's palm 90. As is shown in FIG.
- forward pressure (indicated by arrow 92) is applied with the thumb 80 while simultaneously pulling downward with the remaining fingers 82,86 (indicated by arrow 94) until the guidewire "J" distal tip 18 gently straightens (as is shown by arrow 96 and the phantom "J" tip, 18' .)
- forward pressure is applied by both the thumb 80 and forefinger 82 (in the direction of arrows 100) while holding guidewire 30 with the remaining fingers 88.
- the guidewire "J" distal tip 18', 1 8 is straightened.
- wire core and coil wire Materials of which the wire core and coil wire may be made are substantially conventional.
- Stainless steel e.g., 304 stainless steel, nickel and nickel alloys, e.g., MP-35N, cobalt alloys, and various other ferrous metals commonly used in guidewire fabrication may be used.
- Radiopaque alloys such as platinum and titanium may be used to fabricate, in whole or in part, either or both of the wire core and the coil wire or various other structural components. Etches may be applied to the guidewire body.
- multifilar construction using any of the above materials is also within the contemplation of the present invention.
- a device of the present invention may be used to assist in the performance of percutaneous nephrostomy, biliary and abscess drainage and other gastrointestinal and genitourinary procedures.
- a guidewire of this invention is removed from its guidewire carrier, examples of which are shown in FIG. 5 and 6 by withdrawing it therefrom. Upon removal, the guidewire returns to its substantially permanently coiled disposition.
- the guidewire will not have an excessive tendency to coil while in the patient.
- the user's hands and the patient's anatomical structure overcome the tendency of the guidewire to self-coil and permit the guidewire to be inserted.
- the guidewire is withdrawn from the patient, e.g., to exchange catheters, the guidewire returns to its coiled configuration as it is withdrawn.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002310473A CA2310473A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Guidewire with disposition to coil |
EP98955220A EP1028653A4 (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Guidewire with disposition to coil |
AU12076/99A AU1207699A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Guidewire with disposition to coil |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/961,366 US6139540A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1997-10-30 | Guidewire with disposition to coil |
US08/961,366 | 1997-10-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999022643A1 true WO1999022643A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
Family
ID=25504387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1998/023133 WO1999022643A1 (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1998-10-30 | Guidewire with disposition to coil |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6139540A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1028653A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1207699A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2310473A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999022643A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6139540A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
EP1028653A4 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
AU1207699A (en) | 1999-05-24 |
CA2310473A1 (en) | 1999-05-14 |
EP1028653A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
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