WO1999028264A1 - Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials - Google Patents
Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999028264A1 WO1999028264A1 PCT/SG1997/000064 SG9700064W WO9928264A1 WO 1999028264 A1 WO1999028264 A1 WO 1999028264A1 SG 9700064 W SG9700064 W SG 9700064W WO 9928264 A1 WO9928264 A1 WO 9928264A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- concrete
- åroofing
- wate
- cement
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical class O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004610 Internal Lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
- C04B18/146—Silica fume
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- Waterproofing is one of the most critical issues for the durability of concrete.
- the majority of concrete failures are attributed to the high pe ⁇ neability and sorptivity of concrete against water penetration and the ingress of chloride or sulfate ions dissolved in the water, causing not only water leakage but also the corrosion of steel rebars and destructive expansion of the concrete.
- Silica fume a by-product from the production of silicon or ferro-silico ⁇ alloys, is commonly used as a cement and concrete additive to produce corrosion-resistant concrete, concrete having improved mechanical properties or water-tight concrete (see, for example, US 4,118,242, US 4,310,486 and US 5,472,501).
- its disadvantages are poor workability and relatively high surface water absorption due to the capillary action of fine capillary pores which result in high sorptivity of the concrete and therefore potential high chloride/sulfate build up at the splash and tidal zones of marine concrete structures.
- Hydrophobic compounds such as calcium stearate, silicon, wax or bitumen emulsion are also commonly used as waterproofing admixtures of concrete, to impart a hydrophobic coating to the capillary surfaces as well as blocking some pores.
- Hydrophobic compounds have the disadvantages of reduced compressive strength (typically 10-15% lower than the plain concrete) and reduced effectiveness under high hydrostatic head.
- a waterproofing additive for cement and/or concrete comprising at least one pozzolanic material modified with at least one hydrophobic material.
- the pozzolanic material preferably comprises one or more pozzolanic components.
- the pozzolanic material preferably comprises one or more of silica fume, microsilica and metakaolin.
- the silica fume may be densified or undens ' ified silica fume.
- the microsilica is preferably refined natural microsilica and is preferably amorphous.
- One particularly preferred composition for the pozzolanic material is a mixture of silica fume and microsilica, most preferably in approximately equal amounts by weight.
- the hydrophobic material is suitably a hydrophobic compound, preferably an organic or organometallic compound, most preferably of a long chain paraffinic acid.
- the hydrophobic material may be a paraffinic or fatty acid ester, e.g. butyl stearate.
- the hydrophobic compound may be a soap, especially a metallic soap of a paraffinic acid, e.g. calcium stearate, magnesium stearate or aluminium stearate, or an organic soap of a paraffinic acid, e.g. an ammonium salt.
- the hydrophobic compound may be oleic acid, a wax emulsion, siloxane or a silicon emulsion.
- the or each pozzolanic constituent of the additive may be modified with one or more hydrophobic materials.
- Preferred waterproofing additives are mixtures of at least one pozzolanic material (e.g. silica fume, microsilica or metakaolin) with at least one hydrophobic compound, or possibly two or more hydrophobic compounds of different types. The combination of such materials has been observed to enable better mixing and a freer flowing powder nature of the finished product, as well as increased shelf life thereof.
- the pozzolanic material is preferably modified by spraying and/or blending with the hydrophobic material, suitably in a high speed/shear mixer.
- the mixing operation preferably results in an intimate, and preferably substantially fully mixed, mixture of the pozzolanic material and the hydrophobic material(s).
- the total weight of the hydrophobic material(s) in the waterproofing additive is suitably in the range from 5 to 30% of the weight of the pozzolanic material, preferably 5 to 15% and most preferably around 10%.
- a particularly preferred composition is an approximately 1:1 mixture (by weight) of de ⁇ sified silica fume and microsilica modified with approximately 10% (by weight of the combined pozzolanic constituents) of butyl stearate.
- Another particularly preferred composition is metakaolin modified with approximately 10% (by weight) of butyl stearate.
- a cement mortar or concrete comprising a waterproofing additive according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the cement mortar or concrete preferably comprises an amount of the waterproofing additive such that the pozzolanic material of the additive is present in the cement mortar or concrete in an amount in the range from 5 to 15% of the weight of cement, and most preferably from around 8 to 10%.
- the cement mortar or concrete preferably has improved water impermeability (suitably less than 10 mm after 28 days when measured in accordance with DIN 1048) and/or reduced water absorption (suitably less than 1% when measured in accordance with BS1881 : Part 122), preferably whilst retaining acceptable compressrve strength.
- the waterproofmg additive is preferably capable of acting to improve the waterproofing of cement mortar and/or concrete.
- a method of preparing a waterproofing additive for cement and/or concrete comprising modifying a pozzolanic material by spraying and/or blending with a hydrophobic material.
- the step of spraying and/or blending is performed using a high speed/shear mixer.
- a method of preparing cement mortar or concrete comprising mixing cement, sand and water with a waterproofing additive according to the first aspect of the invention and/or manufactured in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.
- a pozzola ⁇ is defined as a siliceous and aluminous material which, in itself, possesses little or no cemenfrtious value but which will, in finely divided form in the presence of moisture, react chemically with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperature to form compounds possessing cementitious properties.
- the mixture proportions of the cement mortars tn this example are based on the following composition: cement (OPC) : water : sand : waterproofing additive : liquid superplasticizer in the ratio of 1 : 0.38 : 2.61 : 0-0.08 : 0.01-0.02 (by weight) respectively.
- the waterproofing additive comprises a pozzolanic material (e.g. silica fume, refined natural microsilica or metakaolin) modified with a hydrophobic material (e.g. an organic or organometallic compound such as butyl stearate, calcium stearate, another metallic soap of a paraffinic acid, oleic acid, wax emulsion, siloxane or a silicon emulsion).
- the hydrophobic compound(s) are provided integrally with the pozzolanic material.
- the silica fume that was used was a commercially available product having a typical composition as shown in table 1 (with constituents indicated by weight in %):
- densified silica fume (as supplied by Scancem Materials Pty Ltd, Australia) and undensified silica fume (as supplied by Elkem Materials, Norway) are suitable.
- the typical density range for the densified silica fume is 500-650 kg/m 3 and for undensified silica fume is 250-400 kg/m 3 .
- microsilica that was used was a refined natural amorphous silica (as supplied by Microsilica New Zealand Limited, New Zealand).
- the typical composition is given in table 2 (with constituents indicated by weight in %):
- metakaolin that was used was a commercially available product produced by high temperature treatment of kaolin (as supplied by ECC International, UK or Engelhard Corporation, USA).
- the typical composition is given in table 3 (with constituents indicated by weight in %):
- the selected pozzolanic materials were processed by spraying and blending with one or more hydrophobic compounds in a high speed, high shear mixer to produce a surface modified waterproofing additive for cement and concrete.
- the preferred hydrophobic compounds are butyl stearate, calcium stearate or other metallic soaps of paraffinic acids which are commonly used as waterproofing additives in the cement and concrete.
- Other suitable hydrophobic compounds include oleic acid, wax emulsion, siloxane and silicon emulsions, but with reduced effectiveness.
- Similar mortars could be prepared using a mixture of more than one waterproofing additive. More than one pozzolanic material could be used, and the or each pozzolanic material could be modified with the same or different hydrophobic materials or with more than one hydrophobic material.
- the modified pozzolanic material employed in this study was densified silica fume (as described in detail in relation to example 1) modified with 10% butyl stearate.
- Other pozzolanic materials modified with butyl stearate are expected to perform similar or better as shown in the cement mortar studies.
- Two typical water to cement (w/c) ratios of 0.36 and 0.45 were used in this study and the dosage levels of the modified silica fume (MSF) were at 5% and 0% by weight of the total binder (cement + silica fume) content.
- the concrete mixture proportions and the test results are shown in tables 8 and 9, one table for each of the water : cement ratios.
- the concretes were prepared in a concrete drum mixer.
- the cement (OPC), densified silica fume and the liquid superplasticizer (high range water reducing agent: HRWRA) were commercially available materials.
- the fresh properties and strength of the concrete were tested according to the guidelines set in BS 1881.
- the water abso ⁇ tion was tested at 7 and 28 days in accordance with BS 1881 : Part 122.
- the water penetration was tested at 28 days according to DIN 1048 and the rapid chloride penetration test was carried out at 28 days according to ASTM 1202. 10
- the sorptivity test is in fact similar to the surface water abso ⁇ tion test. The only difference is that the specimen in this case is not fully immersed in water, instead only the bottom face of the test specimen is placed in contact with water. In this way capillary suction can be directly visually monitored by observing the height increase of the wetted areas, or by measurement of the weight gain.
- the following example demonstrates the so ⁇ tivity behaviour of the concrete under capillary forces.
- the concrete mixture proportions used for the test were the same as given in example 2 with 10% addition of modified silica fume. Additionally, a concrete with 10% unmodified silica fume was prepared for comparison. The concrete was cured for 28 days and core samples having dimensions of 75 mm in diameter and 75 mm in height were taken. The samples were coated with an epoxy resin over the length of the longitudinal faces and were dried in an oven at 105°C for 3 days and cooled in a desiccator for 1 day before the test. The test specimen was placed in contact with water at the bottom surface of the cylinder and the weight gain of the specimen was measured after 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours of water contact. The specimens were split into two halves after 24 hours and the height of the wetted areas were measured. The results are shown in table 10.
- silica fume concrete is still very high, due to the presence of fine capillary pores.
- the hydrophobically modified silica fume is highly effective in reducing the capillary suction of the concrete, which is highly beneficial for a durable concrete so as to prevent rising damp and formation of efflorescence, reduce the build up of chloride and sulfate concentrations at the tidal and splash zones of marine concrete, minimize freeze-thaw damage and reduce algal growth on the concrete's surface.
- the improved wate ⁇ roofi ⁇ g additives described above have been observed to provide an improved and economical solution to produce highly durable water impermeable and damp-proof concrete which is able to overcome the disadvantages of the relatively high water abso ⁇ tion of wate ⁇ roofed concrete containing silica fume and the reduced compressive strength, relatively high water permeability of wate ⁇ roofed concrete containing hydrophobic compounds. It was found that wate ⁇ roofing concrete can be produced with the addition of a modified pozzolanic composition to meet the water impermeability of concrete as specified in ENV 206 and the water abso ⁇ tion of less than 1% tested in accordance with BS1881 : Part 122.
- pozzolanic materials are used as carriers for the hydrophobic compounds and therefore a pre-emulsifying is not necessary, providing a substantial advantage over the prior art.
- the pozzolan appears to act as a reactive pore filler by reacting with the hydration products of the cement to form insoluble precipitants which reduce the porosity and the pore size of the cement paste.
- the absorbed hydrophobic compound is believed to migrate toward the air/water interface of the concrete and form a hydrophobic layer at the concrete surface and the walls of the capillary pores which form an effective barrier against capillary suction of water.
- novel wate ⁇ roofing additives described above have been found to provide a highly advantageous solution for providing concrete with both water impermeable and damp-proof characteristics.
- the use of such wate ⁇ roofing additives is very straightforward and does not differ from the normal use of silica fume in concrete production.
- the workability of fresh concrete containing the said novel wate ⁇ roofing additive has been found to be better than the normal silica fume concrete, as the hydrophobic compounds act as an internal lubricant for the cement particles.
- the present invention may include any feature or combination of features disclosed herein either implicitly or explicitly or any generalisation thereof irrespective of whether it relates to the presently claimed invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU58934/98A AU748229B2 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
GB0016350A GB2348196B (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
PCT/SG1997/000064 WO1999028264A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
HK01101335A HK1031371A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-23 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG1997/000064 WO1999028264A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999028264A1 true WO1999028264A1 (en) | 1999-06-10 |
Family
ID=20429577
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SG1997/000064 WO1999028264A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Waterproofing additive for cement and concrete comprising modified pozzolanic materials |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU748229B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2348196B (en) |
HK (1) | HK1031371A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999028264A1 (en) |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1078897A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-02-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Early enhanced strength cement composition |
DE19950106A1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-05 | Schuemann Sasol Gmbh & Co Kg | Production of concrete comprises mixing concrete with water, sand, flint and paraffin bound to a carrier material |
EP1157977A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-11-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method of improving the flow properties of particulate materials |
WO2002030846A1 (en) | 2000-10-07 | 2002-04-18 | Dow Corning Corporation | Granulated hydrophobic additive for cementitious materials |
WO2002030847A1 (en) * | 2000-10-07 | 2002-04-18 | Dow Corning Corporation | Granulated hydrophobic additive for gypsum compositions |
US6478869B2 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2002-11-12 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Flow properties of dry cementitious materials |
US6602316B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2003-08-05 | Impexmetal Dobris S.R.O. | Briquette for lowering the viscosity of metallurgical slag and process for its production |
US6660080B2 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2003-12-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Particulate flow enhancing additives |
US6869476B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2005-03-22 | Jang San Waterproof Industrial Co., Ltd. | Waterproof admixture composition for concrete having excellent anti-corrosive performance |
WO2008062018A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2008-05-29 | Dow Corning Corporation | Cementitious materials |
US7846251B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2010-12-07 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Integrally waterproofed concrete |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU748229B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
GB2348196B (en) | 2001-04-18 |
AU5893498A (en) | 1999-06-16 |
HK1031371A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 |
GB0016350D0 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
GB2348196A (en) | 2000-09-27 |
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