WO1999055389A1 - Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water - Google Patents
Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999055389A1 WO1999055389A1 PCT/US1999/009212 US9909212W WO9955389A1 WO 1999055389 A1 WO1999055389 A1 WO 1999055389A1 US 9909212 W US9909212 W US 9909212W WO 9955389 A1 WO9955389 A1 WO 9955389A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- species
- antimicrobial
- solution
- electrolytic cell
- active
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/03—Electric current
- A61L2/035—Electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
- C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the sterilization and disinfection arts. It finds particular application in conjunction with electrochemically activated solutions containing chlorine species for sterilization or disinfection of medical and pharmaceutical equipment in the presence of organic contamination, and will be described with particular reference thereto. It should be appreciated, however, that the invention is also applicable to other sterilization, disinfection, and sanitization methods employing oxidizing species in which the active species is degraded over time.
- instruments are cleaned with detergent, or the like, to remove dirt and other contaminants present, before disinfection or sterilization of the instruments in the electrochemically activated solution.
- organic contaminants such as serum, which are deposited on the instruments during use or contaminants present in the cleaning water, are not always completely removed during this cleaning process.
- Organic materials have now been found to render electrochemically active solutions inactive by reducing the concentration of active species available for oxidation. There remains a need for a method of regaining the activity of electrochemically activated solutions in the presence of organic materials .
- the present invention provides a new and improved composition for use in electrochemically activated solutions which overcomes the above referenced problems and others.
- a method of liquid sterilization or disinfection of items in the presence of organic load includes passing an amount of a first solution through an electrolytic cell to generate an antimicrobial solution which includes active oxidizing species, transporting the antimicrobial solution to a treatment vessel, and immersing items to be microbially decontaminated in the antimicrobial solution.
- the method is characterized by returning a portion of the antimicrobial solution with depleted active oxidizing species from the vessel back to the electrolytic cell for - 3 - regeneration of the antimicrobial solution active oxidizing species .
- a system for regeneration of active species comprises a source of a salt solution, an electrolytic cell for generating an antimicrobial solution, which includes active antimicrobial species, from the salt solution and from a depleted solution which is depleted of active antimicrobial species, an inlet line, which fluidly connects the source of the salt solution to the electrolytic cell, and an outlet line, which fluidly connects the electrolytic cell to a treatment vessel for transporting the antimicrobial solution to the vessel.
- the system is characterized by a return line, which fluidly connects the vessel to the electrolytic cell, for returning a portion of the depleted antimicrobial solution to the electrolytic cell for regeneration of active antimicrobial species.
- the apparatus is characterized by a second fluid flowpath fluidly connected with the cathode which carries a solution which has been depleted of active antimicrobial species to the electrochemical cell.
- One advantage of the present invention is that it enables medical instruments to be microbially decontaminated in electrochemically activated solutions in the presence of organic load or degraded active species .
- Another advantage of the present invention is that antimicrobial solution is regenerated, allowing it to be reused. Still further advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments .
- FIGURE is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a circulation system for regenerating active antimicrobial species of the present invention.
- a circulation system provides for regeneration of a depleted active antimicrobial species.
- the system includes an electrochemically activated solution generator or electrolytic cell, such as an electrolytic chlorinator, 10.
- a first solution such as brine, is passed into the generator through an inlet line 12.
- a voltage generator 14 applies a voltage across electrodes 16 and 18 within the generator.
- Electrode 16 is preferably a cathode and is situated adjacent inlet line 12.
- Electrode 18 is preferably an anode. Active antimicrobial species are thereby generated electrochemically in the first solution.
- the active species When the active species are to be used for sterilization or disinfection of medical instruments, they are then carried, as an antimicrobial solution, from the generator by an outlet line 20 to a sterilization or disinfection treatment vessel 22 containing the instruments.
- the rate of sterilization or disinfection is dependent on the period of exposure and the concentration of active halide species or other active oxidizing species. It has been found that an organic load, such as serum, present as a contaminant on the instruments, or in the water, rapidly depletes the active species in the antimicrobial solution, reducing the effectiveness of disinfection or sterilization.
- the active species may degrade due to the conditions of the solution, such as temperature, pH, or flow.
- the active species are preferably regenerated by recirculating the partially depleted antimicrobial solution through the generator 10.
- a return line 24 carries the depleted antimicrobial solution from the treatment vessel 22 to the generator.
- the return line directs the depleted antimicrobial solution to the generator through the inlet line 12.
- the generator generates a regenerated antimicrobial solution from the depleted antimicrobial solution which contains a higher concentration of active antimicrobial species than is present in the incoming depleted antimicrobial solution.
- a second generator is used for regeneration of the depleted antimicrobial solution.
- the regenerated solution is then carried by the outlet line 20 to the treatment vessel 22.
- Table 2 shows the effect of different concentrations of bovine serum on the free chlorine concentration in electrochemically activated solutions generated from sodium chloride at 20 °C. At high serum concentrations (above 1% bovine serum) it was found that little or no measurable free chlorine was detected. At serum concentrations below 1%, the measured free chlorine was higher, allowing for a more rapid rise in the concentration of active species.
- the antimicrobial solution is recirculated continuously through the generator and a voltage applied only intermittently by the voltage generator 14, as needed, to achieve an active chlorine concentration in the desired range
- a sensor 26 located in the treatment vessel 22 or in the return line 24, senses a property of the solution, such as hypochlorite concentration, oxidation reduction potential, or pH, which is dependent on the active species.
- a voltage controller 28 is connected to the sensor and directs the voltage generator 14 to apply a voltage across the electrodes 16 and 18 when the property sensed by the sensor reaches a preselected value corresponding to a preselected minimum level of active species in the solution.
- the rate of recirculation of the antimicrobial solution through the generator is adjusted to achieve the desired active chlorine concentration, or recirculation is carried out only intermittently.
- the organic material may form a complex with the active chlorine species .
- the complex is broken down when the depleted solution is recirculated through the generator, thereby liberating the chlorine species again.
- the antimicrobial solution also contains sodium chloride, which is capable of being converted to the active chlorine species when recycled through the generator.
- a portion of the sodium chloride is converted to a catholyte which is drawn off from the generator along a fluid line 30.
- the proportion of the catholyte solution withdrawn is adjusted to maintain the pH of the antimicrobial solution within an optimum range for effective microbe kill.
- a range of from around pH 2 to 9 is preferred with a particularly preferred pH of 5 to 9.
- an additional quantity of sodium chloride solution is added to the recirculating solution through supply line 12 before it passes through the generator.
- valves 34 and 36 control the passage of sodium chloride and depleted solution, respectively, into the inlet line 12.
- a second inlet line 38 provides for addition of water, to dilute the supply of fresh sodium chloride entering the generator.
- the system also includes a pump 40 for recirculating the solution.
- the pump is fluidly connected to the return line, although other locations which permit recirculation are also contemplated, such as in the outlet line. While the system has been described with particular reference to active chlorine solutions derived from brine, it should be appreciated that other sources of the active chlorine species optionally replace, or are used in combination with, the brine solution. Alternatively, other species which are active as antimicrobials are used, either singly or in combination with the chlorine species.
- electrochemically activated solutions derived from potassium bromide are effective as sterilants or disinfectants, although kill rates are generally slower than for solutions derived from sodium chloride.
- the kill rates are expressed in terms of average linear regression D-value (a measure of the time required to reduce the population by 1 log) .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002330616A CA2330616A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water |
AU36688/99A AU3668899A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water |
JP2000545585A JP2002512875A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Production of active chlorine from sodium chloride in water in the presence of biological load |
EP99918875A EP1073478A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/067,278 US6126810A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water |
US09/067,278 | 1998-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999055389A1 true WO1999055389A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
Family
ID=22074925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1999/009212 WO1999055389A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-27 | Generation of active chlorine in the presence of an organic load from sodium chloride in water |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6126810A (en) |
EP (1) | EP1073478A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002512875A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1305388A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3668899A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2330616A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW415848B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999055389A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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FR2916638A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-05 | Jean Jacques Lasvaladas | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SAND CLEANING SOLUTION BY SEA WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND INTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
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US6627053B2 (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2003-09-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Water treatment device |
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US20040055896A1 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2004-03-25 | Sterilox Technologies, Inc. | Biocidal solution |
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US20050232847A1 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-10-20 | Bromberg Steven E | Method for diluting hypochlorite |
US7527783B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2009-05-05 | The Clorox Company | Methods for deactivating allergens and preventing disease |
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US20060266381A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-30 | Doherty James E | Commercial glassware dishwasher and related method |
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AU2007205861B2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2013-05-09 | Oculus Innovative Sciences, Inc. | Methods of treating or preventing sinusitis with oxidative reductive potential water solution |
US20070227930A1 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2007-10-04 | Bromberg Steven E | Antimicrobial Product Combination |
US7789278B2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-09-07 | The Clorox Company | Dual chamber aerosol container |
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US20090148342A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-06-11 | Bromberg Steven E | Hypochlorite Technology |
US20100072059A1 (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-03-25 | Peters Michael J | Electrolytic System and Method for Enhanced Radiological, Nuclear, and Industrial Decontamination |
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WO2010146460A1 (en) * | 2009-06-17 | 2010-12-23 | Apr Nanotechnologies S.A. | Methods of treating outer eye disorders using high orp acid water and compositions thereof |
US8562796B2 (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2013-10-22 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Control system and method of use for controlling concentrations of electrolyzed water in CIP applications |
EP2718482B1 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2019-10-09 | Lumetta, Michael | System and method for generating a chlorine-containing compound |
EP4177224A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2023-05-10 | Hayward Industries, Inc. | Chlorinator with replaceable cell cartridge |
AU2012290215A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-03-06 | Hayward Industries, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling chlorinators |
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-
1998
- 1998-04-27 US US09/067,278 patent/US6126810A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 CA CA002330616A patent/CA2330616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-27 EP EP99918875A patent/EP1073478A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-27 AU AU36688/99A patent/AU3668899A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-27 CN CN99807387A patent/CN1305388A/en active Pending
- 1999-04-27 TW TW088106741A patent/TW415848B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-27 JP JP2000545585A patent/JP2002512875A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-27 WO PCT/US1999/009212 patent/WO1999055389A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Title |
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DATABASE WPI Section PQ Week 9536, Derwent World Patents Index; Class P31, AN 95-271479, XP002111363 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2916638A1 (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-05 | Jean Jacques Lasvaladas | PROCESS FOR PREPARING A SAND CLEANING SOLUTION BY SEA WATER ELECTROLYSIS AND INTALLATION FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002512875A (en) | 2002-05-08 |
AU3668899A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
CA2330616A1 (en) | 1999-11-04 |
CN1305388A (en) | 2001-07-25 |
TW415848B (en) | 2000-12-21 |
US6126810A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
EP1073478A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 |
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