WO1999058436A1 - Method for measurement of a paper web - Google Patents

Method for measurement of a paper web Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999058436A1
WO1999058436A1 PCT/FI1999/000381 FI9900381W WO9958436A1 WO 1999058436 A1 WO1999058436 A1 WO 1999058436A1 FI 9900381 W FI9900381 W FI 9900381W WO 9958436 A1 WO9958436 A1 WO 9958436A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paper web
web
edge
determined
drying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1999/000381
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Juha KNIIVILÄ
Harri Mustonen
Pekka Petrilä
John Shakespeare
Olli Sarkkinen
Original Assignee
Valmet Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valmet Corporation filed Critical Valmet Corporation
Priority to AU41466/99A priority Critical patent/AU4146699A/en
Publication of WO1999058436A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999058436A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/02—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs transversely
    • B65H23/0204—Sensing transverse register of web
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B11/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2515/00—Physical entities not provided for in groups B65H2511/00 or B65H2513/00
    • B65H2515/30—Forces; Stresses
    • B65H2515/31—Tensile forces

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for predicting the tensile-strength ratio of a paper web.
  • the invention concerns a method for predicting the degree of drying of a paper web.
  • the location of an edge of a paper web and the width of the web can also be measured by means of a measurement head traversing across the web.
  • One travers- ing cycle takes typically 20...40 seconds.
  • the web may move up to 1...2 cm in the cross direction. This has the consequence that, when one 2 edge is being measured, the precise location of the opposite edge is not known. This results in inaccuracy in the results of measurement.
  • the object of the present invention is further development of the prior art described above and to provide a novel apparatus for determination of the positions of the edges of a paper web, which device is reliable in operation and tolerates interference and is more versatile in operation and detects more accurately and quickly.
  • the method in accordance with the invention for predicting the tensile-strength ratio of a paper web is mainly characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • a mathematical model is formed between the tensile strength, the web width, and the jet-to-wire ratio based on determination in a laboratory and/or on online measurement,
  • a value is computed for the tensile-strength ratio.
  • a mathematical model is formed between the degree of drying of the paper web and the web width based on determination in a laboratory and/or on online measurement
  • the degree of drying of the paper web is determined.
  • the web width is utilized mainly in regulation of the profile.
  • a change in the web width can, however, also be used, for example, in order to predict changes in the tensile-strength ratio.
  • laboratory measurements and the web width determined by means of on-line measurement are compared, it is possible to form a model between a change in web width and a change in tensile- strength ratio. For utilization of such a model, a precise real-time measurement of the width of the paper web is necessary, so that a traversing apparatus of measurement cannot be used for this purpose.
  • a change in the width of the paper web mainly arises from a change in the degree of drying of the web.
  • This information can be utilized in the dryer section of the paper machine in monitoring of the drying.
  • the width of the paper web is measured before the dryer section, between drying cylinders, and after the dryer section, information is obtained on changes in the degree of drying. Based on this information, it is possible to regulate the operation of the drying cylinders.
  • edge measurement devices are fitted at both edges of the paper web, by means of which devices it is possible to measure the location of each edge separately, at the same time, and continuously.
  • the edge measurement device can be, for example, an edge measurement camera which carries out determination of the web edge based on identification of outline. The result of determination is transmitted to a data processing equipment for analysis and processing. Pairs of edge measurement devices can be fitted in the machine direction in a number of different locations in different parts of the papermaking process.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the headbox of a paper machine, of the paper web, and of locations of measurement apparatuses.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between web width and tensile-strength ratio as a function of the jet-to-wire ratio (j/w ratio).
  • Figure 3 is an illustration in block diagram form of a system in accordance with the invention for measurement of the edge of the paper web.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the principle of regulation of the pressure in a headbox.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an equipment for measurement of the edges of a paper web W.
  • a stock suspension jet is discharged out of the slice opening of the headbox 10.
  • the precise initial width L 0 of the paper web W is known.
  • Each edge of the paper web W is cut to a certain precise width by means of a rear edge cutter member 15 and by means of a front edge cutter member 16.
  • the width of the paper web W at this point is denoted with the quantity P. After this, the paper web W shrinks further as a result of draining of water.
  • a rear edge measurement device 17 measures the precise location of the rear edge W B of the paper web W
  • a front edge measurement device 18 measures the precise location of the front edge W F of the paper web.
  • edge measurement devices 17,18 for example, cameras, optical detectors (e.g. 6
  • PosiEdge PosiEye manufactured by Valmet
  • detectors based on radiation or detectors based on change in inductance of the paper web W are employed.
  • the width of the paper web W at the edge measurement devices 17, 18 is denoted with the quantity Q.
  • a prior- art traversing measurement device 20 has also been illustrated.
  • the shrinkage of a paper web W as a result of draining of water arises mainly from changes taking place in the paper fibres.
  • the shrinkage of the paper web W has been examined in the direction of width only.
  • the paper web W also shrinks in the machine direction, and this comes out as changes in tension of the paper web.
  • Predicting of the tensile-strength ratio from changes in the width of the paper web requires a relatively uniform distribution of fibre orientation.
  • the location y 0 of the centre point of the paper web W is also indicated by a dashed line.
  • the centre point remains constantly at the same location y 0 in the cross direction without shifting in the lateral direction.
  • the paper web W often moves in the cross direction to some extent, and in such a case the centre point is also shifted to the location y 0 ' , as is indicated by the diverging dashed line in the figure.
  • a machine-specific model is prepared for each paper machine. For this purpose, from each paper reel, the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD is determined in the laboratory as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w.
  • a corresponding model can also be formed between the web width L and the moisture degree of the paper web W.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of typical curves of measured web width L as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w and of tensile strength MD/CD as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w. Based on these curves, a model is formed which is utilized in the data processing device 25 for real time determination of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the operation of the equipment for measurement of the web width L in block diagram form. From the rear edge measurement device 17 and from the front edge measurement device 18, the data measured by their means are passed along a bus to the data processing unit 25. The data processing unit 25 further receives the data on the jet/wire ratio j/w from the unit 19 and the data on the location of the edge cutter members 15,16. Based on these data, it is possible to compute the shrinkage loss and to determine the value of the tensile-strength ratio
  • the data obtained can be displayed in the display 26, which can be, for example, a display monitor or a printer. Further, the determined data on the tensile-strength ratio
  • MD/CD is passed to the paper machine control unit 27.
  • the regulation unit 27 regulates the set value of the pressure in the headbox 10.
  • the value of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD can also be used for regulation of other quantities in the paper machine. 8
  • the determined value of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD can be used, for example, for determination of the set value of the j/w ratio (jet/ wire ratio) as follows.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the principles of regulation of headbox pressure.
  • the unit 31 for regulation of the jet/wire ratio computes the required jet speed on the basis of the set value of the jet/wire ratio and on the basis of the wire speed, and from the jet speed the unit further computes the required headbox pressure, whose set value is transmitted to the unit 32 for regulation of the headbox pressure.
  • the headbox pressure is monitored constantly by means of pressure measurement, and the unit 32 for regulation of the headbox pressure transmits a control signal to the headbox feed pump.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for predicting the tensile-strength ratio of a paper web (W). In the method, a mathematical model is formed between the tensile strength, the web width, and the jet-to-wire ratio. The width of the web is measured by means of edge measurement devices (17, 18), and the mathematical model that was formed is used for predicting the tensile-strength ratio. The invention also concerns a method for predicting the degree of drying of a paper web (W). In the method a mathematical model is formed between the degree of drying of the paper web (W) and the web width. The width of the paper web (W) is measured, and, by using the mathematical model that was formed, the degree of drying of the paper web (W) is determined. The determined values are used for the control of the paper machine.

Description

Method for measurement of a paper web
The invention concerns a method for predicting the tensile-strength ratio of a paper web.
Further, the invention concerns a method for predicting the degree of drying of a paper web.
In paper machines and equivalent, in which a continuous material web is produced, it is necessary to identify the locations of the edges of the material web in different stages of the process. By means of determination of the edges of the web, informa- tion is obtained on the width of the web and on the centre point of the web. It is known from the prior art to identify an edge by means of photoelectric apparatuses of identification, which have either been installed as fixed at the edge of the web or which traverse across the web.
In the applicant's FI Patent No. 94,176, a method and a device for identification of an edge of a web have been described, wherein a series of transmitters/receivers is fitted at the edge of the web, and the location and the presence of the web is detected by means of the apparatus. A demanding environment of operation, in which there is a high temperature, an abundance of moisture, and interference caused by background light and by electromagnetic radiation, imposes high requirements of quality on the apparatuses of identification.
The location of an edge of a paper web and the width of the web can also be measured by means of a measurement head traversing across the web. One travers- ing cycle takes typically 20...40 seconds. During this period of time, the web may move up to 1...2 cm in the cross direction. This has the consequence that, when one 2 edge is being measured, the precise location of the opposite edge is not known. This results in inaccuracy in the results of measurement.
The object of the present invention is further development of the prior art described above and to provide a novel apparatus for determination of the positions of the edges of a paper web, which device is reliable in operation and tolerates interference and is more versatile in operation and detects more accurately and quickly.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method in which it is possible to utilize the changes in location and shrinkage of the web in an algorithm of alignment of cross-direction regulation of the web.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method in which the tensile- strength ratio of paper can be determined based on the web width.
In view of achieving the objectives stated above and those that will come out later, the method in accordance with the invention for predicting the tensile-strength ratio of a paper web is mainly characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a) a mathematical model is formed between the tensile strength, the web width, and the jet-to-wire ratio based on determination in a laboratory and/or on online measurement,
b) the location of the rear edge of the paper web at the edge cutter member is determined,
c) the location of the front edge of the paper web at the edge cutter member is determined,
d) the width of the paper web and the shifting of the centre point are determined based on said steps b) and c), e) the location of each edge of the paper web is determined at the same time by means of edge measurement devices,
f) the shrinking of the paper web between the edge cutter members and the edge measurement devices is determined, and
g) based on the web width, on the jet-to- wire ratio and on the mathematical model mentioned in step a), a value is computed for the tensile-strength ratio.
The method in accordance with the invention for predicting the degree of drying of a paper web is mainly characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a) a mathematical model is formed between the degree of drying of the paper web and the web width based on determination in a laboratory and/or on online measurement,
b) the width of the paper web before the dryer section of the paper machine is determined,
c) the width of the paper web between drying cylinders in the dryer section is determined,
d) the cross-direction drying shrinkage of the paper web occurring between the above steps b) and c) is determined, and
e) based on the mathematical model formed in the above step a), the degree of drying of the paper web is determined.
By means of detecting of the edges of the paper web and by from the edges determining the width of the web and the centre point of the web, it is possible to obtain information by whose means the papermaking process can be regulated. At present, 4 the web width is utilized mainly in regulation of the profile. A change in the web width can, however, also be used, for example, in order to predict changes in the tensile-strength ratio. Until now, it has been possible to examine the tensile-strength ratio on the basis of laboratory measurements only. When laboratory measurements and the web width determined by means of on-line measurement are compared, it is possible to form a model between a change in web width and a change in tensile- strength ratio. For utilization of such a model, a precise real-time measurement of the width of the paper web is necessary, so that a traversing apparatus of measurement cannot be used for this purpose.
A change in the width of the paper web mainly arises from a change in the degree of drying of the web. This information can be utilized in the dryer section of the paper machine in monitoring of the drying. When the width of the paper web is measured before the dryer section, between drying cylinders, and after the dryer section, information is obtained on changes in the degree of drying. Based on this information, it is possible to regulate the operation of the drying cylinders.
In a method in accordance with the invention, edge measurement devices are fitted at both edges of the paper web, by means of which devices it is possible to measure the location of each edge separately, at the same time, and continuously. The edge measurement device can be, for example, an edge measurement camera which carries out determination of the web edge based on identification of outline. The result of determination is transmitted to a data processing equipment for analysis and processing. Pairs of edge measurement devices can be fitted in the machine direction in a number of different locations in different parts of the papermaking process.
By means of the method in accordance with the present invention, as compared with conventional methods of measurement, more accurate information is obtained on the locations of the edges of the paper web at the time of measurement. The data on changes in the location and shrinkage of the paper web are utilized, for example, in an algorithm of alignment in the cross direction. Also, based on these data, it is possible to predict the value of the tensile-strength ratio of paper, which could, in 5 the prior art, be determined by means of laboratory measurements only. In this way it is possible to take advantage of the value of the tensile-strength ratio in real-time control of the paper machine.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplifying embodiments of the invention illustrated in the figures in the drawing, the invention being not supposed to be confined to said embodiments alone.
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the headbox of a paper machine, of the paper web, and of locations of measurement apparatuses.
Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between web width and tensile-strength ratio as a function of the jet-to-wire ratio (j/w ratio).
Figure 3 is an illustration in block diagram form of a system in accordance with the invention for measurement of the edge of the paper web.
Figure 4 illustrates the principle of regulation of the pressure in a headbox.
Fig. 1 illustrates an equipment for measurement of the edges of a paper web W. A stock suspension jet is discharged out of the slice opening of the headbox 10. At this point, the precise initial width L0 of the paper web W is known. Each edge of the paper web W is cut to a certain precise width by means of a rear edge cutter member 15 and by means of a front edge cutter member 16. The width of the paper web W at this point is denoted with the quantity P. After this, the paper web W shrinks further as a result of draining of water.
Fitted in a later location, a rear edge measurement device 17 measures the precise location of the rear edge WB of the paper web W, and a front edge measurement device 18 measures the precise location of the front edge WF of the paper web. As edge measurement devices 17,18, for example, cameras, optical detectors (e.g. 6
PosiEdge, PosiEye manufactured by Valmet), detectors based on radiation, or detectors based on change in inductance of the paper web W are employed.
The width of the paper web W at the edge measurement devices 17, 18 is denoted with the quantity Q. In the figure, a prior- art traversing measurement device 20 has also been illustrated. In the area between the edge cutter members 15, 16 and the edge measurement devices 17,18, cross-direction shrinkage of the paper web W takes place, which shrinkage is illustrated by the shrinkage ratio: R = Q/P This is equivalent to a shrinkage loss: I = 100 • (MO [%]
The shrinkage of a paper web W as a result of draining of water arises mainly from changes taking place in the paper fibres. Herein, the shrinkage of the paper web W has been examined in the direction of width only. The paper web W also shrinks in the machine direction, and this comes out as changes in tension of the paper web. Predicting of the tensile-strength ratio from changes in the width of the paper web requires a relatively uniform distribution of fibre orientation.
In Fig. 1 , the location y0 of the centre point of the paper web W is also indicated by a dashed line. In an ideal case, the centre point remains constantly at the same location y0 in the cross direction without shifting in the lateral direction. In practice, however, the paper web W often moves in the cross direction to some extent, and in such a case the centre point is also shifted to the location y0' , as is indicated by the diverging dashed line in the figure. The shifting of the paper web W is denoted with the quantity S = y0 - y0' .
In view of predicting the correlation between the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD (machine direction to cross direction) and the web width L of the paper to be produced, a machine-specific model is prepared for each paper machine. For this purpose, from each paper reel, the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD is determined in the laboratory as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w. When the change in the web width 7
L is known at the same time, it is possible to form a model between the web width L and the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD. This model can be used in real time in order to predict the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD based on the data concerning the web width. The data on altered tensile-strength ratio MD/CD is utilized, among other things, for correcting the set value of headbox feed pressure.
A corresponding model can also be formed between the web width L and the moisture degree of the paper web W. By means of the model thus formed, by means of one on-line measurement, information is obtained concerning the moisture degree of the paper web W at the measurement point. The information can be utilized for regulation of the parameters in the dryer section of the paper machine.
Fig. 2 shows an example of typical curves of measured web width L as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w and of tensile strength MD/CD as a function of the jet/wire ratio j/w. Based on these curves, a model is formed which is utilized in the data processing device 25 for real time determination of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD.
Fig. 3 illustrates the operation of the equipment for measurement of the web width L in block diagram form. From the rear edge measurement device 17 and from the front edge measurement device 18, the data measured by their means are passed along a bus to the data processing unit 25. The data processing unit 25 further receives the data on the jet/wire ratio j/w from the unit 19 and the data on the location of the edge cutter members 15,16. Based on these data, it is possible to compute the shrinkage loss and to determine the value of the tensile-strength ratio
MD/CD in compliance with the model that has been formed earlier. The data obtained can be displayed in the display 26, which can be, for example, a display monitor or a printer. Further, the determined data on the tensile-strength ratio
MD/CD is passed to the paper machine control unit 27. Based on the value of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD, the regulation unit 27 regulates the set value of the pressure in the headbox 10. The value of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD can also be used for regulation of other quantities in the paper machine. 8
The determined value of the tensile-strength ratio MD/CD can be used, for example, for determination of the set value of the j/w ratio (jet/ wire ratio) as follows.
Fig. 4 illustrates the principles of regulation of headbox pressure. The unit 31 for regulation of the jet/wire ratio computes the required jet speed on the basis of the set value of the jet/wire ratio and on the basis of the wire speed, and from the jet speed the unit further computes the required headbox pressure, whose set value is transmitted to the unit 32 for regulation of the headbox pressure. The headbox pressure is monitored constantly by means of pressure measurement, and the unit 32 for regulation of the headbox pressure transmits a control signal to the headbox feed pump.
In the following, the patent claims will be given, and different details of the invention can show variation within the scope of the inventive idea defined in said claims and differ even to a considerable extent from what has been stated above by way of example only.

Claims

Claims
1. A method for predicting the tensile- strength ratio of a paper web, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a) a mathematical model is formed between the tensile strength, the web width, and the jet-to-wire ratio (j/w) based on determination in a laboratory and/or on on-line measurement,
b) the location of the rear edge (WB) of the paper web (W) at the edge cutter member (15) is determined,
c) the location of the front edge (WF) of the paper web (W) at the edge cutter member (16) is determined,
d) the width of the paper web (W) and the shifting of the centre point are determined based on said steps b) and c),
e) the location of each edge of the paper web is determined at the same time by means of edge measurement devices (17, 18),
f) the shrinking of the paper web between the edge cutter members (15, 16) and the edge measurement devices (17,18) is determined, and
g) based on the web width (L), on the jet-to-wire ratio (j/w) and on the mathematical model mentioned in step a), a value is computed for the tensile- strength ratio (MD/CD = machine direction to cross direction) .
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that cameras are used as edge measurement devices (17,18). 10
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that optical detectors are used as edge measurement devices (17,18).
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that detector apparatuses based on absorption of radiation are used as edge measurement devices (17, 18).
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that detector apparatuses based on a change in the inductance of the paper web (W) are used as edge measurement devices (17, 18).
6. A method as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the value of the tensile-strength ratio (MD/CD) computed in stage g) of claim 1 is used for changing of values of regulation parameters in the paper machine.
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the value of the tensile- strength ratio (MD/CD) is used for changing of the headbox pressure set value.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the required jet speed is computed from the set value of the jet-to-wire ratio (j/w) and from the speed of the wire.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the set value of the headbox pressure is computed from said jet speed.
10. A method for predicting the degree of drying of a paper web, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
a) a mathematical model is formed between the degree of drying of the paper web (W) and the web width based on determination in a laboratory and/ or on on-line measurement, 11 b) the width (L) of the paper web (W) before the dryer section of the paper machine is determined,
c) the width (L) of the paper web (W) between drying cylinders in the dryer section is determined,
d) the cross-direction drying shrinkage (I) of the paper web (W) occurring between the above steps b) and c) is determined, and
e) based on the mathematical model formed in the above step a), the degree of drying of the paper web is determined.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the value of the degree of drying of the paper web (W) is used for regulation of the dryer section of the paper machine.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the value of the degree of drying of the paper web (W) is used for regulation of the dewatering in the press section.
13. A method as claimed in any of the claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the value of the degree of drying of the paper web (W) is used for regulation of the steam pressures in the drying cylinders and/or in the dryer groups.
PCT/FI1999/000381 1998-05-13 1999-05-07 Method for measurement of a paper web WO1999058436A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU41466/99A AU4146699A (en) 1998-05-13 1999-05-07 Method for measurement of a paper web

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI981058 1998-05-13
FI981058A FI108475B (en) 1998-05-13 1998-05-13 Method for measuring the paper path

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WO1999058436A1 true WO1999058436A1 (en) 1999-11-18

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US20110284178A1 (en) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling curling potential of paper, paperboard, or other product during manufacture

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EP2048101A3 (en) * 2007-10-13 2010-12-15 manroland AG Method for operating a rotary printing press
US20110284178A1 (en) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling curling potential of paper, paperboard, or other product during manufacture
US8728276B2 (en) * 2010-05-20 2014-05-20 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method for controlling curling potential of paper, paperboard, or other product during manufacture

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FI981058A0 (en) 1998-05-13
FI108475B (en) 2002-01-31
AU4146699A (en) 1999-11-29
FI981058A (en) 1999-11-14

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