WO1999059112A1 - Goods and clients monitoring in a retail store - Google Patents
Goods and clients monitoring in a retail store Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999059112A1 WO1999059112A1 PCT/GB1999/001232 GB9901232W WO9959112A1 WO 1999059112 A1 WO1999059112 A1 WO 1999059112A1 GB 9901232 W GB9901232 W GB 9901232W WO 9959112 A1 WO9959112 A1 WO 9959112A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- produce
- retail store
- carrier
- customer
- store
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2451—Specific applications combined with EAS
- G08B13/246—Check out systems combined with EAS, e.g. price information stored on EAS tag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
- A47F10/00—Furniture or installations specially adapted to particular types of service systems, not otherwise provided for
- A47F10/02—Furniture or installations specially adapted to particular types of service systems, not otherwise provided for for self-service type systems, e.g. supermarkets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07G—REGISTERING THE RECEIPT OF CASH, VALUABLES, OR TOKENS
- G07G3/00—Alarm indicators, e.g. bells
- G07G3/003—Anti-theft control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
- G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
- G08B13/2402—Electronic Article Surveillance [EAS], i.e. systems using tags for detecting removal of a tagged item from a secure area, e.g. tags for detecting shoplifting
- G08B13/2465—Aspects related to the EAS system, e.g. system components other than tags
- G08B13/2468—Antenna in system and the related signal processing
- G08B13/2474—Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retail store such as, for example, a supermarket.
- Supermarket stores are generally arranged in a fashion that enables theft to occur.
- a typical store has an entrance/exit lobby that is occupied with customers awaiting transport and a plurality of payment aisles, not all of which are manned at any one time.
- a retail store in which customers transport produce-carriers into the store, select produce, place the selected produce into the produce-carriers and transport the selected produce in the produce-carriers to a payment area at which the selected produce is purchased, wherein the produce-carriers incorporate identification tags, and readers for reading the identification tags are distributed about the store including at the payment area, outputs from the readers being connected to means for generating data representative of the position of the produce-carriers in time and space in the store.
- the customer may carry an identification tag in addition to the produce-carrier having a tag so that produce-carrier data can be married to a customer identification data.
- a retail store in which customers transport produce-carriers into the store, select produce, place the selected produce into the produce-carriers and transport the selected produce in the carriers to a payment area at which the selected produce is purchased, wherein the customers carry identification tags, and readers for reading the identification tags are distributed about the store including at the payment area, outputs from the readers being connected to means for generating data representative of the position of the individual customers in time and space in the store.
- the store preferably further comprises an entry/exit zone, a goods zone and a payment zone, containing said payment area, least one reader is disposed at the entry and exit of each zone, a security alarm, and the means for generating data is a controller coupled to each reader for storing the identification code of a detected produce-carrier and the location of the reader, coupled to the payment area for storing payment information when the customer has paid for the produce and coupled to the alarm, so that upon detection by a reader of a produce-carrier leaving the payment zone or entering the entry/exit zone, the controller determines from the identification code of that carrier whether payment information has been stored for that produce- carrier and if not activates the alarm.
- the alarm may be audio and/or visual and is intended to alert the potential theft of goods to security personnel of the store.
- the alarm may have several levels of priority each indicative of the likelihood of potential theft.
- the identification tag may comprise a radio coil and electronics circuit that stores the identification code, the identification code being transmitted by the coil to the reader when the carrier passes within a range of the detector.
- the goods area is sub-divided into zones, each zone being assigned a priority.
- the produce-carrier bears a readable number plate to enable security personnel to identify a carrier easily.
- At least some of the detectors are preferably arranged into spaced pairs so that the direction of travel of a produce-carrier relative to the readers can be ascertained.
- Each produce-carrier or customer may conveniently have more than one identification tag
- the controller may be programmed with information relating to physical features of each carrier.
- the retail store may advantageously further comprise means for providing advance warning of customer congestion in the payment area.
- the store may also have means for activating an advertisement aimed at a particular customer.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation in plan view of a supermarket store of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a controller of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a side view of trolley fitted with an identification device of the present invention in the vicinity of a detector;
- Figure 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of the detector array and trolley of figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a diagrammatic plan view of a payment zone and desk of the present invention.
- figure 1 shows a floor-plan of the exemplary store that is typical to many existing supermarket stores.
- the store can be divided into several notional areas which are indicated in figure 1.
- the area outside the store represented by reference numeral 1 in figure 1 , may include a car-park and a trolley park.
- Customers enter the store through an entrance door 3 that leads to a lobby area 3.
- This area may typically accommodate a waiting area for customers who have finished their shopping but are waiting for a fellow customer or for transport, a customer information desk, an information noticeboard and a separate sales area for certain goods such as tobacco, lottery tickets or the like.
- the customer picks up a trolley, basket or other suitable carrier from a designated area outside 1 or in the lobby 3.
- a goods area 4 which is the major part of the store where the goods are displayed on shelves, in refrigerators or other display equipment for customers to take the required goods from the display and place them in the trolley or basket.
- the area designated by reference numeral 5 is for premium goods that are most likely to be stolen, such as alcoholic beverages or other expensive goods.
- each aisle is occupied by a payment till 8 that is manned by a cashier who operates the till 9 to calculate the bill and accepts payment from the customer.
- the customer leaves the store through the lobby 3 and an exit door 9. It will be understood that, in practice, the entrance and exit doors 2, 9 are often one and the same.
- the store of figure 1 is shown fitted with an information gathering system to form the present invention.
- each trolley or basket is fitted with an identification tag thai may be read by detectors that arc disposed around the store.
- the detectors are arranged into arrays that are mounted on or under the floor. overhead or into walls of the store.
- the arrays serve to delineate the store areas described above.
- the detectors 10, 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13 are designed to detect the presence of a passing trolley or basket and to read information relating to the trolley from the identification tag. This enables the movement of any particular trolley or basket to be tracked around the store.
- the detectors 10, 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13 and the payment tills 8 are each coupled to a central controlling computer 14 (as shown schematically in figure 2) having appropriate software and communication interfaces as part of a local area network.
- Information is read from the trolley identification tag as it passes over each detector 10, 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13 and information relating to payment from each payment till 8 is transmitted to the computer 14 which then stores the data in a memory 15.
- a security alarm 16 which may be audible or visual is controlled by the computer 14.
- Figures 3 and 4 show a typical supermarket trolley 20 moving from right to left over the store floor in which there are disposed spaced first and second detectors 21. 22.
- the conventional trolley 20 is fitted with an identification tag 23 which, in the example embodiment shown, is securely moulded in a handle 24 of the trolley 20 so as to be hidden from view and difficult to remove. In other embodiments, not shown, the tag 23 may be moulded into part of the mesh of the trolley or welded to the wire frame.
- the identification tag (not shown in detail in the figures) comprises a radio pick-up coil and a small, integrated electronics circuit programmed with a unique identification code and is of robust design being able to withstand all weather conditions when parked outside the store and collisions with, for example, other trollevs.
- Each detector array 10, 1 la, 1 lb, 12a, 12b, 13 comprises a plurality of laterally spaced conventional transceivers 30 that transmit at a specific radio frequency.
- the trolley 20 passes within the detection range (represented by the arcuate dotted lines in figures 2 and 3) of a transceiver 30 the transmission is picked up by the radio coil of the identification tag 23.
- the tag 23 stores sufficient energy from the transmission to transmit its identification code back to the transceiver 30 without the need of its own power source.
- the information captured by the transceiver 30 is passed to the controlling computer 14.
- the transceivers 30 within each detection array 10, 11a, l ib, 12a, 12b, 13 are spaced laterally such that the detection ranges of adjacent transceivers 30 overlap (see figure 4) and the full width of an aisle is covered. This prevents a trolley identification tag 23 passing between transceivers 30 without being detected.
- the arrangement of a pair of spaced detector arrays in close proximity enables the direction of travel of the trolley 20 to be determined. As the trolley 20 passes from right to left in figures 3 and 4 the first detector 21 of the pair reads the identification tag 23 when it comes into range. As the trolley 20 advances the tag 23 moves out of range of the first detector 21 and into the range of the second detector 22 which then reads the identification tag 23. The information is fed to the controlling computer 14 which is able to ascertain the direction of travel of the trolley 20 by knowing which detector 21 , 22 read the identification tag 23 first.
- This information is linked to the trolley identification code detected by the detector array 12a when the trolley 20 entered the payment aisle 6.
- the signal is sent automatically by, for example, a switch that is operated when the till drawer is opened. Once payment has been registered the trolley 20 is able to leave the store without triggering the security alarm 16.
- a trolley 20 When a trolley 20 enters the goods area 4 from the lobby 3 it is detected and identified by one of the transceivers 30 in the detector array 11a. The information transmitted to the controlling computer 14 alerts the system that the trolley 20 potentially contains goods for which payment must be registered. If the trolley 20 enters the premium goods area 5 the computer 14 assigns the information relating to the trolley a priority flag. If the trolley 20 enters the payment aisle 6 and payment is registered then no action is taken by the computer 14.
- the computer 14 ascertains whether the trolley 20 has entered the goods area 4 and, if so, activates the alarm 16 to alert security staff.
- the alarm 16 may be, for example, a visual warning on a security surveillance screen or an audible signal designed to alert security staff of a potential theft.
- the payment receipt may be marked with an identified number of the trolley so as to assist the security personnel in assessing whether a theft has occurred.
- the system helps prevent thefts which occur when a customer who, having entered the goods area 4 once and paid for the goods in the payment area 7, then proceeds to re-enter the goods area 4, load more goods into the trolley 20 and leave without paying (either by passing through an unmanned aisle or passing from the goods area to the exit through the lobby). In this scenario the re-entry of the customer into the goods area 4 will be delected so that if the customer leaves without further paunent having been registered the alarm 16 will be activated as described above.
- a plurality of tags may be fitted to each trolley 20.
- metal detectors may be deployed at appropriate positions in the store to detect the presence of an otherwise unidentifiable trolley and alert security staff of its existence.
- Each trolley 20 may be fitted with some form of visual identification such as, for example, a number plate (not shown) so that it may be easily identified by security staff or by an appropriate automated reader in the event of an alert.
- the number plate may be designed so that it is also readable by a detector so that if the tag 23 is missing the trolley 20 could still be identified. The system would also be able to detect if the number plate did not match the identification code of the tag 23.
- the computer memory 15 could be programmed with a description of each trolley so that the security staff could request such details when any particular trolley is detected. If the stored details do not match the actual trolley (viewed on camera by the security staff) appropriate action may be taken.
- the system may also be used as part of a marketing or promotional tool in which the progress of customers and/or their trolleys is tracked around the store so that shopping patterns of customers can be deduced. If the customers are issued with storecards bearing identification tags, similar to those provided in the trolleys, marketing information can be broadcast in a selective manner so that it is aimed at a particular customer and be personalised having regard to the information stored by a storecard database. If both the customers and the trolleys have an identification tag the captured information can be used to identify any particular customer that is using any particular trolley.
- the system is also able to provide an indication to staff including, in particular porters as to the relative distribution of trolleys outside of the store. This means that porters can be alerted to a situation where the number of trolleys in the trolley park immediately outside the entrance of the store is running low.
- the identification tag can be present in the storecard only. Alternat eK .
- identification data relating to the customer may be transferred to the tag in the trolley by. for example, swiping the storecard over a card reader on the trolley. This would enable store management to use data captured from the storecard and/or the trolley to influence the shopping behaviour of a particular customer by, for example, tailoring promotions in reaction to the position of the customer in the store and having regard to data on the storecard that reflects the shopping behaviour of the customer. Even if customers are not carrying identification tags, non-personalised promotional or marketing information can still be broadcast in reaction to the position of a trolley (and therefore customer).
- a customer messaging system (which may be audio and/or visual) that assists customers in identifying a payment till that is free or has a relatively small queue. This may also be used to prevent queue jumping by reserving an identified customer a place at a particular free checkout.
- the position of identified customers at speciality counters may also be detected by the use, if necessary, of additional readers. This would enable a customer to reserve his/her position in the queue for service whilst they continue to shop in other parts of the store.
- a visual and/or audio personalised message is broadcast to warn customers that staff are ready or nearly ready to serve him or her.
- the staff may also carry identification tags. These may be integral with their own staff identification or access cards or may, for example, form part of their uniform. Readers in the staff areas such as the warehouse and cold stores would enable the system to track the movements of members of staff in the same way as customers thereby reducing the possibility of theft. I he term "customer " in the appended claims is intended to cover a member of staff.
- the system enables traffic patterns and flow rates to be stored on a historical basis and for current patterns or predicted future patterns to be provided including the number of trolleys present in any given area of the store at any given time and the rate of trolleys entering the store.
- This information allows more efficient store management such as, for example, the reduction of waiting times at payment check-outs or other counters and the improved re-circulation of trolleys by porters.
- in-store marketing can be improved by both targeting promotions to particular customers and monitoring reactions to any marketing techniques.
- the identification tag and detector may be of any appropriate design which enables an trolley identification code to be read by the detector such as a bar code plate reader.
- the identification tag and detector may be in the form of a bar code plate and a bar code reader respectively.
- the controller may be a single computer processor or several linked processors. The system not only applies to trolleys but any form of alternative goods carrier such as, for example, a basket.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU39371/99A AU3937199A (en) | 1998-05-09 | 1999-05-10 | Goods and clients monitoring in a retail store |
EP99922257A EP1078338A1 (en) | 1998-05-09 | 1999-05-10 | Goods and clients monitoring in a retail store |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9809914.6 | 1998-05-09 | ||
GBGB9809914.6A GB9809914D0 (en) | 1998-05-09 | 1998-05-09 | Smart tracking system |
GBGB9828675.0A GB9828675D0 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 1998-12-29 | A retail store |
GB9828675.0 | 1998-12-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999059112A1 true WO1999059112A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 |
WO1999059112A9 WO1999059112A9 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
Family
ID=26313630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1999/001232 WO1999059112A1 (en) | 1998-05-09 | 1999-05-10 | Goods and clients monitoring in a retail store |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1078338A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3937199A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999059112A1 (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001027891A1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Activerf Limited | Improvements relating to security |
WO2002085684A1 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Flexello Limited | Trolley security wheel and system |
GB2377802A (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-22 | Richard John Leeson | Security system for a supermarket trolley |
WO2003054584A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device and method for detecting the presence of a shopping trolley in a location |
GB2391098A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-28 | Activerf Ltd | Security and electronic surveillance particularly for shopping trolleys |
FR2848323A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-11 | Jean Claude Huot | Management of trolley parking for supermarkets, airports or railway stations, uses radio signal in allowed parking zones for trolleys, without which the deposit cannot be released |
WO2005006244A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Object matching via rfid |
EP1693809A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-23 | All4Retail SA | Shopping trolley and tracking system for shopping trolley |
GB2424741A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-04 | Christopher Bee | Trolley based supermarket anti-theft alarm system |
GB2425637A (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-01 | Christopher Bee | A supermarket trolley with a tracking device |
WO2013026872A1 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Method for locating an object using a reference grid |
CN111429641A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-17 | 浙江口碑网络技术有限公司 | Order calling method, device and system |
Citations (8)
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FR2607921A1 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-06-10 | Evrika Ste Civile | Installation for studying purchases and for analysing the behaviour of customers |
EP0374877A2 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Horst Sonnendorfer | System for shopping data acquisition in self-service lay-outs |
US5287266A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1994-02-15 | Videocart, Inc. | Intelligent shopping cart system having cart position determining capability |
DE4319584A1 (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-12-15 | Wanzl Entwicklung Gmbh | Device for receiving and transmitting information |
WO1996004161A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-15 | Tec-Carte International Pty. Limited | Shopping trolley construction and identification system |
DE4431204A1 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-07 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Object movement and position determination system for one or more objects |
DE19529456C1 (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-10-24 | Siegel Geb Gmbh Co Kg | Self-service store with shopping trolley detection |
EP0827123A1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-04 | Palomar Technologies Corporation | A system and method for monitoring an article |
-
1999
- 1999-05-10 WO PCT/GB1999/001232 patent/WO1999059112A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-10 EP EP99922257A patent/EP1078338A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-10 AU AU39371/99A patent/AU3937199A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2607921A1 (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-06-10 | Evrika Ste Civile | Installation for studying purchases and for analysing the behaviour of customers |
US5287266A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1994-02-15 | Videocart, Inc. | Intelligent shopping cart system having cart position determining capability |
EP0374877A2 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-06-27 | Horst Sonnendorfer | System for shopping data acquisition in self-service lay-outs |
DE4319584A1 (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-12-15 | Wanzl Entwicklung Gmbh | Device for receiving and transmitting information |
WO1996004161A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-15 | Tec-Carte International Pty. Limited | Shopping trolley construction and identification system |
DE4431204A1 (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-07 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Object movement and position determination system for one or more objects |
DE19529456C1 (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-10-24 | Siegel Geb Gmbh Co Kg | Self-service store with shopping trolley detection |
EP0827123A1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-04 | Palomar Technologies Corporation | A system and method for monitoring an article |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6911908B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2005-06-28 | Activerf Limited | Security |
WO2001027891A1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Activerf Limited | Improvements relating to security |
WO2002085684A1 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-31 | Flexello Limited | Trolley security wheel and system |
GB2377802A (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-01-22 | Richard John Leeson | Security system for a supermarket trolley |
WO2003054584A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Device and method for detecting the presence of a shopping trolley in a location |
GB2391098B (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2006-09-20 | Activerf Ltd | Improvements relating to security and electronic article surveillance |
GB2391098A (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-28 | Activerf Ltd | Security and electronic surveillance particularly for shopping trolleys |
WO2004010394A3 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-04-08 | Activerf Ltd | Improvements relating to security and electronic article surveillance |
US7397373B2 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2008-07-08 | Gatekeeper Systems (Hk) Limited | System and method for security and electronic article surveillance |
AU2003248945B2 (en) * | 2002-07-19 | 2008-06-19 | Gatekeeper Systems (Hk) Limited | Improvements relating to security and electronic article surveillance |
FR2848323A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-06-11 | Jean Claude Huot | Management of trolley parking for supermarkets, airports or railway stations, uses radio signal in allowed parking zones for trolleys, without which the deposit cannot be released |
WO2004055743A1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-07-01 | Jean-Claude Huot | Shopping cart corral management system |
US6992574B2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2006-01-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Object matching via RFID |
CN100370468C (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2008-02-20 | 国际商业机器公司 | Object matching via RFID |
WO2005006244A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Object matching via rfid |
WO2006087070A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-24 | All4Retail Sa | Shopping trolley and shopping trolley tracking system |
EP1693809A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-23 | All4Retail SA | Shopping trolley and tracking system for shopping trolley |
GB2424741A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-04 | Christopher Bee | Trolley based supermarket anti-theft alarm system |
GB2425637A (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2006-11-01 | Christopher Bee | A supermarket trolley with a tracking device |
WO2013026872A1 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Method for locating an object using a reference grid |
FR2979428A1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-03-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD OF LOCATING AN OBJECT USING A REFERENCE GRID |
US9317774B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2016-04-19 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Method for locating an object using a reference grid |
CN111429641A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-17 | 浙江口碑网络技术有限公司 | Order calling method, device and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999059112A9 (en) | 2001-03-01 |
EP1078338A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
AU3937199A (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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