WO1999059204A1 - Methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, methods of forming contact openings, and methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry - Google Patents

Methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, methods of forming contact openings, and methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999059204A1
WO1999059204A1 PCT/US1999/010369 US9910369W WO9959204A1 WO 1999059204 A1 WO1999059204 A1 WO 1999059204A1 US 9910369 W US9910369 W US 9910369W WO 9959204 A1 WO9959204 A1 WO 9959204A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forming
conductive
plugs
plug
over
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/010369
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Ceredig Roberts
Kunal R. Parekh
Original Assignee
Micron Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Micron Technology, Inc. filed Critical Micron Technology, Inc.
Priority to AU39828/99A priority Critical patent/AU3982899A/en
Publication of WO1999059204A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999059204A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76838Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/52Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
    • H01L23/522Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
    • H01L23/5226Via connections in a multilevel interconnection structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • H01L21/76801Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
    • H01L21/76802Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10BELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B12/00Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
    • H10B12/30DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
    • H10B12/48Data lines or contacts therefor
    • H10B12/482Bit lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10BELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B12/00Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
    • H10B12/01Manufacture or treatment
    • H10B12/02Manufacture or treatment for one transistor one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
    • H10B12/03Making the capacitor or connections thereto
    • H10B12/033Making the capacitor or connections thereto the capacitor extending over the transistor
    • H10B12/0335Making a connection between the transistor and the capacitor, e.g. plug
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10BELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
    • H10B12/00Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
    • H10B12/30DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells

Definitions

  • This invention relates to methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, to methods of forming contact openings, and to methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry.
  • Background Art As circuit densities increase in semiconductor devices, the probabilities of individual device components becoming grounded to other device components increases as well.
  • memory circuitry and in particular dynamic random access memory circuitry, a continuing emphasis is placed upon maximizing the number of memory cells which are formed over a wafer. Balanced against the concerns for maximizing efficient use of wafer real estate, are concerns associated with providing storage capacitors with desirably high storage capabilities.
  • This invention arose out of concerns associated with improving the usage of wafer real estate during formation of integrated circuitry. In particular, this invention arose out of concerns associated with providing improved methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment in process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step subsequent to that which is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 11 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment in process, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 13.
  • Fig. 15 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 14.
  • Fig. 16 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 17 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 16. Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention and Disclosure of Invention
  • a pair of conductive contact plugs are formed to project outwardly relative to a semiconductor wafer.
  • the plugs have respective tops, one of which is covered with different first and second insulating materials.
  • An opening is etched through one of the first and second insulating materials to expose only one of the tops of the pair of plugs.
  • Electrically conductive material is formed within the opening and in electrical connection with the one plug.
  • two-spaced apart conductive lines are formed over .
  • a substrate and conductive plugs are formed between, and on each side of the conductive lines.
  • the conductive plug formed between the conductive lines provides a bit line contact plug having an at least partially exposed top portion.
  • the exposed top portion is encapsulated with a first insulating material.
  • a layer of second different insulating material is formed over the substrate. Portions of the second insulating material are removed selectively relative to the first insulating material over the conductive plugs on each side of the conductive lines to provide a pair of capacitor containers. Capacitors are subsequently formed in the containers.
  • a semiconductor wafer fragment 20 in process comprises a semiconductive substrate 22.
  • semiconductive substrate is defined to mean any construction comprising semiconductive material, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive materials such as a semiconductive wafer (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials thereon), and semiconductive material layers (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials).
  • substrate refers to any supporting structure, including, but not limited to, the semiconductive substrates described above.
  • a pair of isolation oxide regions 24 are provided and can be formed through conventional techniques such as shallow trench isolation techniques.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart conductive lines 26 are formed over substrate 22.
  • Three substrate node locations 28 are defined with which electrical communication is desired and preferably comprise diffusion regions 30.
  • Individual conductive lines include a polysilicon layer 32, an overlying suicide layer 34, and an insulative cap 36. Sidewall spacers 38 are provided over the sidewalls of lines 26.
  • an insulative material layer 40 is formed over substrate 22, and is subsequently patterned and etched to form openings 42, 44, and 46 over node locations 28.
  • the insulative layer has an uppermost surface 41.
  • An exemplary material for layer 40 is borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).
  • an electrically conductive material layer 48 is formed over substrate 22 and individual node locations 28.
  • An exemplary material is polysilicon.
  • a first deposition step deposits a first insulating material layer 50 over substrate 22 and conductive material 48.
  • layer 50 comprises a first encapsulating material.
  • An exemplary material is silicon nitride (S13N4).
  • a patterned plug masking layer 52 is formed over substrate 22 and node locations 28. Layer 52 masks over the centermost node location 28.
  • An exemplary material is photoresist.
  • material of first layer 50 and conductive material 48 is etched sufficiently to form electrically isolated conductive plugs 54, 56, and 58 within openings 42, 44, and 46 respectively.
  • Plug 56 constitutes a furthermost projecting plug of the illustrated conductive plugs.
  • Material of layer 50 is disposed only on the top of conductive plug 56.
  • Plugs 54 and 58 are formed by etching material laterally adjacent furthestmost projecting plug 56. Such etching exposes a plug portion 60 of plug 56.
  • etching can be conducted using at least two different etching chemistries to effect the etching.
  • layer 40 comprises BPSG
  • layer 48 comprises polysilicon
  • layer 50 comprises silicon nitride
  • suitable etch conditions are, for the nitride etch, CF 4 , He, and CH2F2 at respective flow rates of 25 seem, 150 seem, and 30 seem.
  • CI2, CF4 at respective flow rates of 75 seem and 25 seem.
  • C ⁇ , HeO ⁇ , and HBr at respective flow rates of 40 seem, 8 seem, and 160 seem.
  • conductive material within opening 44 is not etched, while some of the conductive material within openings 42, 46 is etched to recess it below uppermost surface 41 of insulative layer 40.
  • the conductive plugs project away or outwardly from substrate 22 and terminate proximate respective conductive plug tops 55, 57, and 59.
  • Plugs 54 and 56 comprise a pair of first and second plugs which project away from a substrate different distances; and plugs 56, 58 comprise a different pair of first and second plugs which project away from the substrate different distances.
  • plug tops 55, 57 and plug tops 57, 59 are formed at different elevations. Accordingly, some of the conductive plugs are formed elevationally below other conductive plugs.
  • the above-described plug formation constitutes forming conductive plugs between, and on each side of the conductive lines away from the conductive plug formed between the conductive lines.
  • Conductive plug 56 provides a bit line contact plug having an at least partially exposed top portion 60.
  • Top portion 60 is defined at least in part by sidewalls 61. Exposed top portion 60 joins with top 57 which defines a plug terminus.
  • a first insulating material layer 62 is formed over the substrate and entirely covers or encapsulates exposed plug portion 60.
  • Layer 62 constitutes a second layer of the first encapsulating material which is formed over plug portion 60.
  • the forming of layer 62 constitutes a second first material deposition step.
  • Layer 62 is formed over previously-formed first insulating material 50.
  • layer 62 is anisotropically etched to form sidewall spacers 64 over sidewalls 61. Accordingly, one of the conductive plugs is electrically insulated or encapsulated, while at least portions of the tops of the other conductive plugs are left outwardly exposed.
  • a second insulating material layer 66 is formed over substrate 22 and is preferably different from the first insulating material.
  • An exemplary material for layer 66 is an oxide material such as borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).
  • Plug top 57 of conductive plug 56 is accordingly covered with different insulating materials, e.g. the first and the second insulating materials.
  • Plugs 54, 58 do not have their respective tops covered with both first and second insulating material.
  • openings 68 are etched through second insulating material 66 to expose the tops of plugs 54, 58.
  • conductive material comprising plugs 54, 58 is also removed.
  • the etching of openings 68 preferably does not etch any of the material comprising conductive plug 56 because layer 66 is selectively etched or removed relative to the first material comprising sidewall spacers 64 and insulating material 50. Accordingly, openings 68 are self-aligned relative to plug 56. Exemplary self-aligned contact processing is described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,651,855, 5,670,404, 5,597,763, and 5,378,654, which are incorporated by reference.
  • the etching of layer 66 removes selected portions of the second insulating material and provides a pair of capacitor containers over the non-furthestmost projecting conductive plugs.
  • electrically conductive material is formed within each of openings 68 and in electrical connection with plugs 54, 58 respectively.
  • the conductive material includes a storage node layer 70 which can comprise roughened polysilicon such as hemispherical grain (HSG) polysilicon or cylindrical grain (CSG) polysilicon.
  • a dielectric layer (not specifically designated) is formed over storage node layer 70, with a cell plate layer 72 being formed thereover to provide storage capacitors within capacitor containers 68.
  • a patterned masking layer 74 is formed over substrate 22 and provides an opening 76 through which a bit line contact is to be formed. Referring to Fig.
  • a self-aligned penetrating contact is formed into conductive plug 56 to provide a bit line contact 78.
  • Exemplary processing methods of forming bit line contact 78 are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,362,666, 5,498,562, 5,338,700, and 5,292,677, which are incorporated by reference.
  • a semiconductor wafer fragment 20a in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprises a semiconductive substrate 22. Like numerals from the above-described embodiment are utilized where appropriate, with differences being indicated by the suffix "a".
  • Conductive plugs 54a, 56a, and 58a are provided over substrate 22 and include respective tops 55a, 57a, and 59a which are formed proximate a substantially common elevation.
  • a first insulating material layer 50a is formed over substrate 22.
  • layer 50a is patterned and etched over conductive plug 56a.
  • a second insulating material layer 66a is formed over the substrate.
  • layer 66a is patterned and preferably selectively etched anisotropically relative to layer 50a to form openings 68a over conductive plugs 54a and 58a respectively. Further processing can now take place in accordance with the methods described above.
  • the inventive methods permit integrated circuitry to be formed having improved densities with less risk of undesirable device grounding/shorting. In the context of memory circuitry, the inventive methods permit reductions in container cell size by reducing, if not eliminating altogether, the chances of a capacitor shorting to a bit line contact plug. Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled artisan.

Abstract

Methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, methods of forming contact openings, and methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry are described. In one embodiment, a pair of conductive contact plugs (54, 56; 56, 58) are formed to project outwardly relative to a semiconductor wafer. The plugs have respective tops, each of which being covered with different first and second (66) insulating materials. An opening (68) is etched through one of the first and second (54, 56; 56, 58) insulating materials to expose only one of the tops of the pair of plugs. Electrically conductive material (70) is formed within the opening (68) and in electrical connection with the one plug (54, 58). In a preferred embodiment, two-spaced apart conductive lines (26) are formed over a substrate and conductive plugs (54, 56, 58) are formed between, and on each side of the conductive lines (26). The conductive plug formed between the conductive lines provides a bit line contact plug (56) having an at least partially exposed top portion (60). The exposed top portion is encapsulated with a first insulating material (50, 62). A layer of second different insulating material (66) is formed over the substrate. Portions of the second insulating material are removed selectively relative to the first insulating material over the conductive plugs (54, 58) on each side of the conductive lines to provide a pair of capacitor containers. Capacitors are subsequently formed in the containers.

Description

DESCRIPTION
METHODS OF ELECTRICALLY CONTACTING TO CONDUCTIVE PLUGS,
METHODS OF FORMING CONTACT OPENINGS, AND METHODS OF
FORMING DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY C CUITRY Technical Field
This invention relates to methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, to methods of forming contact openings, and to methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry. Background Art As circuit densities increase in semiconductor devices, the probabilities of individual device components becoming grounded to other device components increases as well. In the context of memory circuitry, and in particular dynamic random access memory circuitry, a continuing emphasis is placed upon maximizing the number of memory cells which are formed over a wafer. Balanced against the concerns for maximizing efficient use of wafer real estate, are concerns associated with providing storage capacitors with desirably high storage capabilities. This invention arose out of concerns associated with improving the usage of wafer real estate during formation of integrated circuitry. In particular, this invention arose out of concerns associated with providing improved methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry. Brief Description of the Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment in process in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step subsequent to that which is shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a view of the Fig. 1 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic side sectional view of a semiconductor wafer fragment in process, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. Fig. 14 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 13.
Fig. 15 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a view of the Fig. 13 wafer fragment at a processing step which is subsequent to that shown in Fig. 16. Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention and Disclosure of Invention
Methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, methods of forming contact openings, and methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry are described. In one embodiment, a pair of conductive contact plugs are formed to project outwardly relative to a semiconductor wafer. The plugs have respective tops, one of which is covered with different first and second insulating materials. An opening is etched through one of the first and second insulating materials to expose only one of the tops of the pair of plugs.
Electrically conductive material is formed within the opening and in electrical connection with the one plug. In a preferred embodiment, two-spaced apart conductive lines are formed over . a substrate and conductive plugs are formed between, and on each side of the conductive lines. The conductive plug formed between the conductive lines provides a bit line contact plug having an at least partially exposed top portion. The exposed top portion is encapsulated with a first insulating material. A layer of second different insulating material is formed over the substrate. Portions of the second insulating material are removed selectively relative to the first insulating material over the conductive plugs on each side of the conductive lines to provide a pair of capacitor containers. Capacitors are subsequently formed in the containers.
Referring to Fig. 1, a semiconductor wafer fragment 20 in process comprises a semiconductive substrate 22. In the context of this document, the term "semiconductive substrate" is defined to mean any construction comprising semiconductive material, including, but not limited to, bulk semiconductive materials such as a semiconductive wafer (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials thereon), and semiconductive material layers (either alone or in assemblies comprising other materials). The term "substrate" refers to any supporting structure, including, but not limited to, the semiconductive substrates described above. A pair of isolation oxide regions 24 are provided and can be formed through conventional techniques such as shallow trench isolation techniques. A plurality of spaced-apart conductive lines 26 are formed over substrate 22. Between the conductive lines, three substrate node locations 28 are defined with which electrical communication is desired and preferably comprise diffusion regions 30. Individual conductive lines include a polysilicon layer 32, an overlying suicide layer 34, and an insulative cap 36. Sidewall spacers 38 are provided over the sidewalls of lines 26.
Referring to Fig. 2, an insulative material layer 40 is formed over substrate 22, and is subsequently patterned and etched to form openings 42, 44, and 46 over node locations 28. The insulative layer has an uppermost surface 41. An exemplary material for layer 40 is borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).
Referring to Fig. 3, an electrically conductive material layer 48 is formed over substrate 22 and individual node locations 28. An exemplary material is polysilicon.
Referring to Fig. 4, a first deposition step deposits a first insulating material layer 50 over substrate 22 and conductive material 48. For purposes of the ongoing discussion, layer 50 comprises a first encapsulating material. An exemplary material is silicon nitride (S13N4).
Referring to Fig. 5, a patterned plug masking layer 52 is formed over substrate 22 and node locations 28. Layer 52 masks over the centermost node location 28. An exemplary material is photoresist. Referring to Fig. 6, material of first layer 50 and conductive material 48 is etched sufficiently to form electrically isolated conductive plugs 54, 56, and 58 within openings 42, 44, and 46 respectively. Plug 56 constitutes a furthermost projecting plug of the illustrated conductive plugs. Material of layer 50 is disposed only on the top of conductive plug 56. Plugs 54 and 58 are formed by etching material laterally adjacent furthestmost projecting plug 56. Such etching exposes a plug portion 60 of plug 56. Such etching can be conducted using at least two different etching chemistries to effect the etching. Where layer 40 comprises BPSG, layer 48 comprises polysilicon, and layer 50 comprises silicon nitride, suitable etch conditions are, for the nitride etch, CF4, He, and CH2F2 at respective flow rates of 25 seem, 150 seem, and 30 seem. For the polysilicon etch, CI2, CF4 at respective flow rates of 75 seem and 25 seem. For a polysilicon overetch, C^, HeO^, and HBr at respective flow rates of 40 seem, 8 seem, and 160 seem. In this example, conductive material within opening 44 is not etched, while some of the conductive material within openings 42, 46 is etched to recess it below uppermost surface 41 of insulative layer 40.
The conductive plugs project away or outwardly from substrate 22 and terminate proximate respective conductive plug tops 55, 57, and 59. Plugs 54 and 56 comprise a pair of first and second plugs which project away from a substrate different distances; and plugs 56, 58 comprise a different pair of first and second plugs which project away from the substrate different distances. Accordingly, plug tops 55, 57 and plug tops 57, 59 are formed at different elevations. Accordingly, some of the conductive plugs are formed elevationally below other conductive plugs. In a preferred embodiment, and in the context of dynamic random access memory, the above-described plug formation constitutes forming conductive plugs between, and on each side of the conductive lines away from the conductive plug formed between the conductive lines. Conductive plug 56 provides a bit line contact plug having an at least partially exposed top portion 60. Top portion 60 is defined at least in part by sidewalls 61. Exposed top portion 60 joins with top 57 which defines a plug terminus.
Referring to Fig. 7, a first insulating material layer 62 is formed over the substrate and entirely covers or encapsulates exposed plug portion 60. Layer 62 constitutes a second layer of the first encapsulating material which is formed over plug portion 60. The forming of layer 62 constitutes a second first material deposition step. Layer 62 is formed over previously-formed first insulating material 50.
Referring to Fig. 8, layer 62 is anisotropically etched to form sidewall spacers 64 over sidewalls 61. Accordingly, one of the conductive plugs is electrically insulated or encapsulated, while at least portions of the tops of the other conductive plugs are left outwardly exposed.
Referring to Fig. 9, a second insulating material layer 66 is formed over substrate 22 and is preferably different from the first insulating material. An exemplary material for layer 66 is an oxide material such as borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG). Plug top 57 of conductive plug 56 is accordingly covered with different insulating materials, e.g. the first and the second insulating materials. Plugs 54, 58 do not have their respective tops covered with both first and second insulating material.
Referring to Fig. 10, openings 68 are etched through second insulating material 66 to expose the tops of plugs 54, 58. In the illustrated example, conductive material comprising plugs 54, 58 is also removed. The etching of openings 68 preferably does not etch any of the material comprising conductive plug 56 because layer 66 is selectively etched or removed relative to the first material comprising sidewall spacers 64 and insulating material 50. Accordingly, openings 68 are self-aligned relative to plug 56. Exemplary self-aligned contact processing is described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,651,855, 5,670,404, 5,597,763, and 5,378,654, which are incorporated by reference.
The etching of layer 66 removes selected portions of the second insulating material and provides a pair of capacitor containers over the non-furthestmost projecting conductive plugs.
Referring to Fig. 11, electrically conductive material is formed within each of openings 68 and in electrical connection with plugs 54, 58 respectively. In the illustrated example, the conductive material includes a storage node layer 70 which can comprise roughened polysilicon such as hemispherical grain (HSG) polysilicon or cylindrical grain (CSG) polysilicon. A dielectric layer (not specifically designated) is formed over storage node layer 70, with a cell plate layer 72 being formed thereover to provide storage capacitors within capacitor containers 68. A patterned masking layer 74 is formed over substrate 22 and provides an opening 76 through which a bit line contact is to be formed. Referring to Fig. 12, a self-aligned penetrating contact is formed into conductive plug 56 to provide a bit line contact 78. Exemplary processing methods of forming bit line contact 78 are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,362,666, 5,498,562, 5,338,700, and 5,292,677, which are incorporated by reference. Referring to Fig. 13, a semiconductor wafer fragment 20a in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention comprises a semiconductive substrate 22. Like numerals from the above-described embodiment are utilized where appropriate, with differences being indicated by the suffix "a". Conductive plugs 54a, 56a, and 58a are provided over substrate 22 and include respective tops 55a, 57a, and 59a which are formed proximate a substantially common elevation. Referring to Fig. 14, a first insulating material layer 50a is formed over substrate 22.
Referring to Fig. 15, layer 50a is patterned and etched over conductive plug 56a.
Referring to Fig. 16, a second insulating material layer 66a is formed over the substrate.
Referring to Fig. 17, layer 66a is patterned and preferably selectively etched anisotropically relative to layer 50a to form openings 68a over conductive plugs 54a and 58a respectively. Further processing can now take place in accordance with the methods described above. The inventive methods permit integrated circuitry to be formed having improved densities with less risk of undesirable device grounding/shorting. In the context of memory circuitry, the inventive methods permit reductions in container cell size by reducing, if not eliminating altogether, the chances of a capacitor shorting to a bit line contact plug. Other advantages of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled artisan.

Claims

1. A method of electrically contacting to one of a pair of adjacent conductive plugs separated by intervening insulative material, comprising: forming a pair of conductive contact plugs projecting outwardly relative to a semiconductor wafer, the plugs having respective tops covered with different first and second insulating materials; etching an opening through one of the first and second insulating materials to expose only one of the tops of the pair of plugs; and forming an electrically conductive material within the opening in electrical connection with the one plug.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the etching of the opening comprises selectively etching the one of the first and second insulating materials relative to the other of the first and second insulating materials.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the other of the plugs has its top covered with both the first and the second insulating materials.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one of the first and second insulating materials comprises an oxide material, and the other of the first and second insulating materials comprises a nitride material.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the conductive contact plugs comprises forming the respective tops of the plugs proximate a common elevation.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the conductive contact plugs comprises forming the respective tops of the plugs at different elevations.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the forming of the conductive contact plugs comprises forming the one plug elevationally below the other plug.
8. A method of forming a contact opening comprising: forming first and second conductive plugs over a substrate, the plugs projecting away from the substrate and toward respective plug tops; electrically insulating one of the plugs with material comprising a first material, while leaving at least a portion of the top of the other of the plugs outwardly exposed; forming a second material over both of the plug tops, the second material being different from the first material; and selectively removing second material over the other of the plugs relative to the first material sufficiently to form a contact opening thereover.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the forming of the first and second conductive plugs comprise forming the plug tops at different elevations.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the forming of the first and second conductive plugs comprise forming the plug tops proximate common elevations.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the one plug has sidewalls joined with its top, and the electrically insulating the one plug comprises forming sidewall spacers over the sidewalls.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the top of the one plug is disposed elevationally higher than the top of the other plug.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the electrically insulating the one plug comprises conducting two separate first material deposition steps.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein a first of the two steps comprises depositing first material only on the top of the one plug.
15. A method of forming a contact opening comprising: providing a substrate having a pair of node locations with which electrical communication is desired; forming a conductive plug over each node location, the conductive plugs projecting away from the substrate different distances and terminating proximate respective conductive plug tops; encapsulating a furthestmost projecting of the two conductive plugs with a first encapsulating material, the encapsulating covering the furthermost projecting conductive plug top and a plug portion proximate the top with first encapsulating material; forming a second material which is different from the first material over the substrate including the two projecting plugs; and selectively etching the second material relative to the first material sufficiently to form a contact opening over and expose the non-furthermost projecting of the two conductive plugs.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the node locations comprise diffusion regions.
17. The method of claim 15, wherein the encapsulating comprises forming the first encapsulating material over the furthermost projecting conductive plug in two separate steps.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the encapsulating comprises: forming a first layer of the first encapsulating material over the substrate and node locations; etching the first layer and material laterally adjacent the furthestmost projecting plug sufficiently to expose said plug portion; and forming a second layer of the first encapsulating material over the plug portion
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the etching of the first layer and material comprises using at least two different etching chemistries to effect the etching.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising prior to the etching of the first layer and material, forming a patterned plug masking layer over the first layer.
21. The method of claim 18, further comprising anisotropically etching the second layer of the first encapsulating material to provide sidewall spacers over the plug portions.
22. A method of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry comprising: forming two spaced-apart conductive lines over a substrate; forming conductive plugs between, and on each side of the conductive lines away from the conductive plug formed between the lines, the conductive plug formed between the conductive lines providing a bit line contact plug having an at least partially exposed top portion; encapsulating the at least partially exposed top portion with a first insulating material; forming a layer of second insulating material over the substrate, the second insulating material being different from the first insulating material; and removing selected portions of the second insulating material selectively relative to the first insulating material over the conductive plugs on said each side of the conductive lines, the removing providing a pair of capacitor containers.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the exposed top portion is defined at least in part by a sidewall, and the encapsulating comprises: forming a layer of first insulating material over the substrate and sidewall; and etching the layer sufficiently to form a sidewall spacer over the sidewall.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the forming of the conductive plugs comprises forming said plugs to have respective tops which are disposed at a substantially common elevation.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein the exposed top portion joins with a top defining a plug terminus, and the forming of the conductive plugs on said each side of the conductive lines comprises forming said conductive plugs to be elevationally below the top.
26. The method of claim 22, wherein the encapsulating comprises forming said first insulative material over a previously-formed layer of first insulative material disposed over the top portion.
27. A method of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry comprising: forming two spaced-apart conductive lines over a substrate, the lines defining three substrate node locations with which electrical communication is desired; forming an insulative layer of material over the substrate: forming openings through the insulative layer over the three substrate node locations; forming electrically conductive material over the individual node locations and electrically isolated within the openings, the conductive material projecting away from the substrate, conductive material within one of the openings having a portion which is outwardly exposed; forming a first insulating material over and entirely covering the conductive material outwardly exposed portion; forming a second insulating material over the first insulating material which is different from the first material; selectively etching the second insulating material relative to the first insulating material sufficiently to form capacitor containers over and to expose conductive material not within the one opening; and forming capacitors received by the capacitor containers.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the forming of the electrically conductive material comprises: forming a patterned masking layer over the node locations; etching the conductive material sufficiently to electrically isolate the conductive material within the openings.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the etching of the conductive material comprises not etching conductive material within the one opening.
30. The method of claim 28, wherein the etching of the conductive material comprises recessing the conductive material to below an uppermost surface of the insulative layer within openings other than the one opening.
31. The method of claim 28, wherein the forming of the first insulating material and the covering of the conductive material exposed portion comprises forming a first insulating material layer over the substrate and anisotropically etching the first insulating material layer.
PCT/US1999/010369 1998-05-11 1999-05-11 Methods of electrically contacting to conductive plugs, methods of forming contact openings, and methods of forming dynamic random access memory circuitry WO1999059204A1 (en)

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US20010012657A1 (en) 2001-08-09
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US6727139B2 (en) 2004-04-27
US6221711B1 (en) 2001-04-24

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