WO2000041794A1 - Particle manipulation - Google Patents

Particle manipulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000041794A1
WO2000041794A1 PCT/GB2000/000101 GB0000101W WO0041794A1 WO 2000041794 A1 WO2000041794 A1 WO 2000041794A1 GB 0000101 W GB0000101 W GB 0000101W WO 0041794 A1 WO0041794 A1 WO 0041794A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duct
fluid
outlet passage
standing wave
wave field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2000/000101
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
William Terence Coakley
Jeremy John Hawkes
Original Assignee
University College Cardiff Consultants Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University College Cardiff Consultants Ltd. filed Critical University College Cardiff Consultants Ltd.
Priority to AU19958/00A priority Critical patent/AU1995800A/en
Publication of WO2000041794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000041794A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/28—Mechanical auxiliary equipment for acceleration of sedimentation, e.g. by vibrators or the like
    • B01D21/283—Settling tanks provided with vibrators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for and method of performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, using an acoustic standing wave field.
  • our International patent application WO98/50133 discloses an apparatus for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the apparatus comprising a duct for the flow of the fluid in which the particles are suspended, and means for establishing an acoustic standing wave field across the width of the duct : the duct is formed with an expansion in width downstream of the section in which the standing wave field is present.
  • the particles in the fluid are displaced, by the acoustic standing wave field, into a series of parallel bands, located at the standing wave nodes. The particles remain in these bands as the fluid flows downstream from the section in which the standing wave field is present.
  • the stream of fluid expands correspondingly in width and in so doing the bands of particles are spread further apart, so increasing the spacing between adjacent bands.
  • the particle bands retain their increased spacing.
  • the duct may be relatively narrow in width and the operating frequency relatively high, to take advantage of the greater ease with which particles can be concentrated at high operating frequencies.
  • the expansion of the duct leads to a separation of the particle bands, which is sufficient for the particle bands to be separated from the fluid.
  • the duct is formed with a plurality of outlet passages spaced apart along its length, each of these outlet passages extending outwardly at an inclined, acute angle, thus forming an expansion in width of the duct.
  • the fluid adjacent the sides of the duct i.e. outwardly of the outermost bands of particles
  • the outermost bands of particles pass out of the duct, along these passages.
  • an apparatus for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid comprising a duct for the flow of the fluid in which particles are suspended, and means for establishing, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, the duct being provided, downstream of the portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present, with at least one outlet passage which provides for an abrupt change of direction of the flowing fluid.
  • the apparatus is arranged so that a single nodal plane is established in the acoustic standing wave field, generally mid-way between opposite sides of the longitudinal duct.
  • the duct is formed with two outlet passages, in opposite sides of the duct. The particles concentrate as a planar band, located at the nodal plane of the standing wave field, and remain in this band as they flow along the duct, downstream from the portion in which the standing wave field is present. Then the fluid to either side of the particle band passes out of the longitudinal duct, through the respective outlet passages.
  • outlet passages impose an abrupt change of the direction of flow
  • fluid passes out through these passages without creating noticeable turbulence, and substantially free of particles.
  • the particles themselves continue to flow along the duct, downstream of the outlet passages.
  • each outlet passage extends outwardly at substantially 90° to the axis of the longitudinal duct.
  • each outlet passage may extend outwardly at any angle greater than 45° (preferably greater than 60°) to the axis of the longitudinal duct.
  • 45° preferably greater than 60°
  • the longitudinal duct has a generally uniform, rectangular cross-section.
  • each outlet passage also has a generally uniform, rectangular cross- section.
  • the side of the duct, upstream of each outlet passage diverges outwardly.
  • the junction between the outlet passage and the side of the longitudinal duct, downstream of the outlet passage is rounded off.
  • the duct is arranged generally vertical, for the fluid to flow upwardly along it .
  • a method of performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid comprising the steps of providing a duct, producing a flow of fluid along the duct, the fluid having particles suspended therein, establishing an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, and causing the fluid to undergo an abrupt change of direction into an outlet passage from the duct, at a position downstream of said portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present .
  • a device which comprises a longitudinal duct 10 which is of generally uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm.
  • a piezoelectric transducer 20 is positioned on one side of the duct and the corresponding portion 22 of the opposite side of the duct is formed as a reflector.
  • a liquid or other fluid with suspended particles e.g.
  • a signal generator GEN drives so that the transducer 20 and the transducer 20 and reflector 22 establish an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct 10, such that a single nodal plane is established mid-way across the duct; the acoustic standing wave field is present in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, corresponding to the extent of the transducer 20 and reflector 22 along the length of the duct.
  • the particles P indicated by shading in the drawing, are displaced transversely by the standing wave field, to concentrate in this nodal plane.
  • the duct 10 Downstream of the portion of the duct in which the standing wave field is established, the duct 10 is provided with a first outlet passage 12 which extends outwardly from one side of the duct 10 (at 90° to the axis of the duct 10, in the example shown) .
  • the passage 12 also has a uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm.
  • the duct 10 is provided with a second outlet passage 14 which outwardly from the opposite side of the duct (also, in the example shown, at 90° to the axis of the duct) .
  • the passage 14 also has a uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm.
  • each of the outlet passages 12,14 forms a widthwise expansion of the duct.
  • the corresponding side of the duct is outwardly inclined over a section e.g. 11,13 immediately upstream of each outlet passages 12,14.
  • the junction between each outlet passage and the side of the duct, immediately downstream of the outlet passage is rounded off as indicated at 12a, 14a, to minimise the risk of turbulence being created at these points.
  • the particles Downstream of the portion of the duct in which the standing wave field is present, the particles remain in a single band, mid-way between the opposite sides of the duct 10. Then the fluid, to one side of the particle band, passes out of the duct 10 through the outlet passage 12. Further downstream, the fluid to the opposite side of the particle band passes out of the duct 10 through the outlet passage 14. The particles themselves continue to pass along the duct 10, to exit through a port 15 downstream of the two outlet passages 12,14.
  • the width of the duct 10, between the transducer 20 and reflector 22, is extremely small, 0.25mm in the example shown.
  • the width of the duct may be even smaller, with advantage. It appears that the smaller the width of the duct, the less susceptible the fluid is to develop turbulence. Surprisingly, in view of the abrupt change of flow direction caused by the outlet passages 12,14, the fluid passes out of the duct 10, through these outlet passages, without creating turbulence and substantially free of particles.

Abstract

An apparatus, for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, comprising a duct (10) for the flow of fluid in which particles are suspended, and means (20, 22, GEN) for establishing an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct: the duct (10) is provided, downstream of the portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present, with at least one outlet passage (12 or 14) which provides for an abrupt change of direction of the flowing fluid.

Description

Particle Manipulation
The present invention relates to an apparatus for and method of performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, using an acoustic standing wave field.
Our International patent application WO98/50133 discloses an apparatus for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the apparatus comprising a duct for the flow of the fluid in which the particles are suspended, and means for establishing an acoustic standing wave field across the width of the duct : the duct is formed with an expansion in width downstream of the section in which the standing wave field is present. In use of this apparatus, the particles in the fluid are displaced, by the acoustic standing wave field, into a series of parallel bands, located at the standing wave nodes. The particles remain in these bands as the fluid flows downstream from the section in which the standing wave field is present. When the fluid reaches the expansion of the duct, the stream of fluid expands correspondingly in width and in so doing the bands of particles are spread further apart, so increasing the spacing between adjacent bands. In passing further along the duct, the particle bands retain their increased spacing.
In the above-described apparatus, the duct may be relatively narrow in width and the operating frequency relatively high, to take advantage of the greater ease with which particles can be concentrated at high operating frequencies. However, the expansion of the duct leads to a separation of the particle bands, which is sufficient for the particle bands to be separated from the fluid. In particular, in the apparatus disclosed in WO98/50133, the duct is formed with a plurality of outlet passages spaced apart along its length, each of these outlet passages extending outwardly at an inclined, acute angle, thus forming an expansion in width of the duct. At a first pair of such outlet passages, the fluid adjacent the sides of the duct (i.e. outwardly of the outermost bands of particles) now pass out of the duct, along these outlet passages. At a second pair of inclined outlet passages, the outermost bands of particles pass out of the duct, along these passages.
We have now devised an apparatus which provides for more effective separation of particles from a suspending fluid.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the apparatus comprising a duct for the flow of the fluid in which particles are suspended, and means for establishing, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, the duct being provided, downstream of the portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present, with at least one outlet passage which provides for an abrupt change of direction of the flowing fluid.
Preferably the apparatus is arranged so that a single nodal plane is established in the acoustic standing wave field, generally mid-way between opposite sides of the longitudinal duct. Preferably the duct is formed with two outlet passages, in opposite sides of the duct. The particles concentrate as a planar band, located at the nodal plane of the standing wave field, and remain in this band as they flow along the duct, downstream from the portion in which the standing wave field is present. Then the fluid to either side of the particle band passes out of the longitudinal duct, through the respective outlet passages.
Surprisingly, although the outlet passages impose an abrupt change of the direction of flow, fluid passes out through these passages without creating noticeable turbulence, and substantially free of particles. The particles themselves continue to flow along the duct, downstream of the outlet passages.
In a particular embodiment which will be described herein, each outlet passage extends outwardly at substantially 90° to the axis of the longitudinal duct. In general however, each outlet passage may extend outwardly at any angle greater than 45° (preferably greater than 60°) to the axis of the longitudinal duct. We have found that it is considerably easier to machine the outlet passages when these extend at such angles to the axis of the duct, than if the outlet passages are to extend at only a small angle: also, in the latter case, sharp points and edges are created, at the junctions between the duct and the outlet passages, and we have found that particles e.g. of dirt are liable to accumulate at such sharp points .
Preferably the longitudinal duct has a generally uniform, rectangular cross-section. Preferably each outlet passage also has a generally uniform, rectangular cross- section. Preferably the side of the duct, upstream of each outlet passage, diverges outwardly. Preferably the junction between the outlet passage and the side of the longitudinal duct, downstream of the outlet passage, is rounded off.
Preferably the duct is arranged generally vertical, for the fluid to flow upwardly along it .
Also in accordance with the present there is provided a method of performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the method comprising the steps of providing a duct, producing a flow of fluid along the duct, the fluid having particles suspended therein, establishing an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, and causing the fluid to undergo an abrupt change of direction into an outlet passage from the duct, at a position downstream of said portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present . An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which is a diagrammatic longitudinal section through an embodiment of particle separation apparatus in accordance with the invention. Referring to the drawing, there is shown a device which comprises a longitudinal duct 10 which is of generally uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm. A piezoelectric transducer 20 is positioned on one side of the duct and the corresponding portion 22 of the opposite side of the duct is formed as a reflector. In use, a liquid or other fluid with suspended particles (e.g. biological cells) flows along the duct from an entry port 11: a signal generator GEN drives so that the transducer 20 and the transducer 20 and reflector 22 establish an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct 10, such that a single nodal plane is established mid-way across the duct; the acoustic standing wave field is present in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, corresponding to the extent of the transducer 20 and reflector 22 along the length of the duct. The particles P, indicated by shading in the drawing, are displaced transversely by the standing wave field, to concentrate in this nodal plane.
Downstream of the portion of the duct in which the standing wave field is established, the duct 10 is provided with a first outlet passage 12 which extends outwardly from one side of the duct 10 (at 90° to the axis of the duct 10, in the example shown) . The passage 12 also has a uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm. Further downstream, the duct 10 is provided with a second outlet passage 14 which outwardly from the opposite side of the duct (also, in the example shown, at 90° to the axis of the duct) . The passage 14 also has a uniform, rectangular cross-section of 0.25 x 10mm.
It will be appreciated that each of the outlet passages 12,14 forms a widthwise expansion of the duct. As shown, the corresponding side of the duct is outwardly inclined over a section e.g. 11,13 immediately upstream of each outlet passages 12,14. Preferably the junction between each outlet passage and the side of the duct, immediately downstream of the outlet passage, is rounded off as indicated at 12a, 14a, to minimise the risk of turbulence being created at these points.
Downstream of the portion of the duct in which the standing wave field is present, the particles remain in a single band, mid-way between the opposite sides of the duct 10. Then the fluid, to one side of the particle band, passes out of the duct 10 through the outlet passage 12. Further downstream, the fluid to the opposite side of the particle band passes out of the duct 10 through the outlet passage 14. The particles themselves continue to pass along the duct 10, to exit through a port 15 downstream of the two outlet passages 12,14.
It will be appreciated that the width of the duct 10, between the transducer 20 and reflector 22, is extremely small, 0.25mm in the example shown. We envisage, however, that the width of the duct may be even smaller, with advantage. It appears that the smaller the width of the duct, the less susceptible the fluid is to develop turbulence. Surprisingly, in view of the abrupt change of flow direction caused by the outlet passages 12,14, the fluid passes out of the duct 10, through these outlet passages, without creating turbulence and substantially free of particles.

Claims

Claims
1) An apparatus for performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the apparatus comprising a duct for the flow of the fluid in which particles are suspended, and means for establishing, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, the duct being provided, downstream of said portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present, with at least one outlet passage which provides for an abrupt change of direction of the flowing fluid.
2) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, arranged so that a single nodal plane is established in the acoustic standing wave field, generally mid-way between opposite sides of said duct.
3) An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , in which said duct is formed with first and second outlet passages in opposite sides of said duct.
4) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the or each outlet passage extends outwardly from said duct at an angle greater than 45°.
5) An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, in which the or each outlet passage extends outwardly from said duct at an angle greater than 60°
6) An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, in which the or each outlet passage extends outwardly from said duct at substantially 90°.
7) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which said duct has a generally uniform, rectangular cross- section.
8) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the or each outlet passage has a generally uniform, rectangular cross-section.
9) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim in which the side of the duct, adjacent and upstream of the or each outlet passage, is inclined outwardly.
10) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the junction between the or each outlet passage and the corresponding side of the duct, downstream of the outlet passage, is rounded off.
11) An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which said duct is arranged generally vertical and for the fluid to flow upwardly along it.
12) A method of performing the manipulation of particles suspended in a fluid, the method comprising the steps of providing a duct, producing a flow of fluid along the duct, the fluid having particles suspended therein, establishing an acoustic standing wave field which extends across the width of the duct, in a predetermined longitudinal portion of the duct, and causing the fluid to undergo an abrupt change of direction into an outlet passage from the duct, at a position downstream of said portion in which the acoustic standing wave field is present .
PCT/GB2000/000101 1999-01-15 2000-01-17 Particle manipulation WO2000041794A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU19958/00A AU1995800A (en) 1999-01-15 2000-01-17 Particle manipulation

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GB9900894 1999-01-15

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US8863958B2 (en) 2007-04-09 2014-10-21 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Apparatus for separating particles utilizing engineered acoustic contrast capture particles
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US9038467B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2015-05-26 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Particle analysis in an acoustic cytometer
US9488621B2 (en) 2007-12-19 2016-11-08 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Particle analysis in an acoustic cytometer
US8858892B2 (en) 2007-12-21 2014-10-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Liquid treatment system
US9421504B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2016-08-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Ultrasonic treatment chamber for preparing emulsions
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