WO2000056966A1 - Thermal fabric - Google Patents
Thermal fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000056966A1 WO2000056966A1 PCT/IT2000/000086 IT0000086W WO0056966A1 WO 2000056966 A1 WO2000056966 A1 WO 2000056966A1 IT 0000086 W IT0000086 W IT 0000086W WO 0056966 A1 WO0056966 A1 WO 0056966A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- thermal fabric
- electrodes
- conductive wires
- fabric according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
- H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
- H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the field of the textile industry, and particularly to a novel woven fabric having a high heating power and to be used in the manufacture of garments, clothing, blankets, covers and the like.
- Fabrics having high heating power are from time known in the textile industry. These fabrics are used in the manufacture of garments, clothing, etc. capable of maintaining the temperature of a body covered thereby at a most possible constant value, regardless of changes in the outdoor temperature.
- thermoinsulating layer The principle according to which these fabrics develop their heating ability practically consists in that they trap between the textile fibres a certain quantity of air which, by resting therein, is heated by the body and forms a thermoinsulating layer.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above- mentioned limits presented by the known fabrics of this type by providing a novel fabric, so called thermal fabric, capable of developing a high heating power independently from the heat liberated by a human body.
- the thermal fabric of the invention is characterised in that it includes electrically conductive wires in substitution for some warp or weft textile yarns of the fabric and at least a pair of electrodes connected to the ends of the electrically conductive wires in order to apply a potential difference thereto and to generate heat by effect of the electric current flowing therethrough.
- Figure 1 is a top plane view of the thermal fabric according to the present invention connected to an electric power supply;
- Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the thermal fabric of the invention taken along line ll-ll of Figure 1 ;
- Figures 3,4,5 and 6 are diagrams used for evaluating the number of electrically conductive wires included among the warp and weft textile yarns of the thermal fabric.
- thermal fabric of the invention generally designated by 10.
- the thermal fabric 10 is manufactured in a manner known per se by interlacing a series of parallel warp forming yarns 11 and a series of parallel weft forming yarns 12.
- the yarns 11 and 12 are made of textile fibres.
- electrically conductive wires 13 that make the fabric 10 electrically conductive.
- the electrically conductive wires 13 could be included among the textile weft yarns 12 instead.
- the electrically conductive wires 13 are electrically insulated from the textile yarns 11 and 12 and are connected at their ends to at least two electrodes.
- FIG 1 there are shown three electrodes 14, 15 and 16.
- the electrodes are connected to an electric power supply, typically a battery, by means of an electric circuit comprising a switch or, as in the case illustrated, a change-over switch 18 that changes the connection of the electrodes 14, 15, 16 depending on the desired higher or lower heating power.
- the electrically conductive wires 13 are made of a metal material, preferably steel, and they are provided with an insulating covering of polymeric material, e.g. a polyamide.
- the electrodes 14, 15, 16 are made of a synthetic material formed by 94% in weight of a synthetic resin, f.i. polyester, and by 6% in weight of an electrically conductive material, f.i. a nickel plated steel obtained in a nickel galvanic bath and commercially available under the name of Bechinox. Furthermore, in order to reduce the electric resistance across the electrodes 14,15,16 and the electrically conductive wires 13, the electrodes have a conductive coating that can be applied thereto in the solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma state.
- the electrodes can be formed by the same electrically conductive wires 13.
- this can consist in weaving it with a conventional loom.
- the choice of the type of loom will depend on the desired flexibility and softness of the thermal fabric.
- the thermal fabric 10 of the invention can be used in the manufacture of heating garments and clothing. It has high heating power and is capable of giving comfort to the user even at outdoor temperatures much lower than the normal temperature of the human body.
- the number of electrically conductive wires to be included in the thermal fabric of the invention can be determined in the following manner. Assuming as data for this calculation the following quantities:
- the numbers /V wa .p and /V we.t of warp and weft electrically conductive wires in the thermal fabric are expressed as a function of the length L and width lV of the thermal fabric, respectively, for given values of the resistance per unit length r of the conductive wire and the electrical resistance R of the thermal fabric.
- the values of these functions are represented by two diagrams which vary depending on the values of the parameters r and R.
- the diagrams of Fig. 3 and 5 show the number ⁇ / war p of electrically conductive warp wires versus the length L of the thermal fabric, whereas the diagrams of Fig. 4 and 6 show the number ⁇ / weft of the electrically conductive weft wires versus the width Wof the thermal fabric.
- the method for determining the numbers N warp and ⁇ / we.t of the electrically conductive warp and weft wires in the thermal fabric consists in evaluating the electrical resistance R of the thermal fabric with either one of the following formulae: or
- R U 2 IP depending on whether T or P are known. Then the numbers /V war p and ⁇ weft are determined by means of the diagrams of Figures 3-6 for given values of the length L and width W of the thermal fabric and using the parameters r and R as referents.
- the warp and weft electrically conductive wires are equally spaced apart.
- the electrical resistance of the thermal fabric is the electrical resistance of the thermal fabric.
- the warp and weft electrically conductive wires are equally spaced apart.
Abstract
The thermal fabric includes electrically conductive wires in substitution for some warp or weft textile yarns of the fabric and at least a pair of electrodes connected to the ends of the electrically conductive wires in order to apply a potential difference thereto and to generate heat by effect of the electric current flowing therethrough.
Description
THERMAL FABRIC
DESCRIPTION
Technical Field
The present invention generally relates to the field of the textile industry, and particularly to a novel woven fabric having a high heating power and to be used in the manufacture of garments, clothing, blankets, covers and the like.
Background Art
Fabrics having high heating power are from time known in the textile industry. These fabrics are used in the manufacture of garments, clothing, etc. capable of maintaining the temperature of a body covered thereby at a most possible constant value, regardless of changes in the outdoor temperature.
The principle according to which these fabrics develop their heating ability practically consists in that they trap between the textile fibres a certain quantity of air which, by resting therein, is heated by the body and forms a thermoinsulating layer.
Since the heating power of these fabrics depends on the ability of the body to heat the air layer entrapped between the textile fibres, it can be easily understood that there is a limit to the heating power of the fabric depending on the quantity of heat the body liberates.
Disclosure of the Invention The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above- mentioned limits presented by the known fabrics of this type by providing a novel fabric, so called thermal fabric, capable of developing a high heating power independently from the heat liberated by a human body.
More in particular, the thermal fabric of the invention is characterised in that it includes electrically conductive wires in substitution for some warp or weft textile yarns of the fabric and at least a pair of electrodes connected to the ends of the electrically conductive wires in order to apply a potential difference thereto and to generate heat by effect of the electric current flowing therethrough.
Brief Description of the Invention
The present invention will now be described more in detail in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, given only for explanatory purposes and not intended in a limiting sense with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a top plane view of the thermal fabric according to the present invention connected to an electric power supply; Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the thermal fabric of the invention taken along line ll-ll of Figure 1 ;
Figures 3,4,5 and 6 are diagrams used for evaluating the number of electrically conductive wires included among the warp and weft textile yarns of the thermal fabric.
Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, there is shown the thermal fabric of the invention, generally designated by 10. The thermal fabric 10 is manufactured in a manner known per se by interlacing a series of parallel warp forming yarns 11 and a series of parallel weft forming yarns 12. The yarns 11 and 12 are made of textile fibres.
According to the invention, among the textile warp yarns 11 there are included electrically conductive wires 13 that make the fabric 10 electrically conductive. Of course, the electrically conductive wires 13 could be included among the textile weft yarns 12 instead.
The electrically conductive wires 13 are electrically insulated from the textile yarns 11 and 12 and are connected at their ends to at least two electrodes. In particular, in Figure 1 there are shown three electrodes 14, 15 and 16. The electrodes are connected to an electric power supply, typically a battery, by means of an electric circuit comprising a switch or, as in the case illustrated, a change-over switch 18 that changes the connection of the electrodes 14, 15, 16 depending on the desired higher or lower heating power. The electrically conductive wires 13 are made of a metal material, preferably steel, and they are provided with an insulating covering of polymeric material, e.g. a polyamide.
The electrodes 14, 15, 16 are made of a synthetic material formed by 94% in weight of a synthetic resin, f.i. polyester, and by 6% in weight of an electrically conductive material, f.i. a nickel plated steel obtained in a nickel galvanic bath and commercially available under the name of Bechinox. Furthermore, in order to reduce the electric resistance across the electrodes 14,15,16 and the electrically conductive wires 13, the electrodes have a conductive coating that can be applied thereto in the solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma state.
Alternatively, the electrodes can be formed by the same electrically conductive wires 13.
Referring to the weaving method of manufacturing the thermal fabric 10 of the present invention, this can consist in weaving it with a conventional loom. Of course, the choice of the type of loom will depend on the desired flexibility and softness of the thermal fabric.
The thermal fabric 10 of the invention can be used in the manufacture of heating garments and clothing. It has high heating power and is capable of
giving comfort to the user even at outdoor temperatures much lower than the normal temperature of the human body.
The number of electrically conductive wires to be included in the thermal fabric of the invention, can be determined in the following manner. Assuming as data for this calculation the following quantities:
- terminal voltage U of the battery,
- capacity Q of the battery,
- duration T of the battery, - electric power P converted into heat
- resistance per unit length r of the conductive wire the numbers /Vwa.p and /Vwe.t of warp and weft electrically conductive wires in the thermal fabric are expressed as a function of the length L and width lV of the thermal fabric, respectively, for given values of the resistance per unit length r of the conductive wire and the electrical resistance R of the thermal fabric. The values of these functions are represented by two diagrams which vary depending on the values of the parameters r and R. The diagrams of Fig. 3 and 5 show the number Λ/warp of electrically conductive warp wires versus the length L of the thermal fabric, whereas the diagrams of Fig. 4 and 6 show the number Λ/weft of the electrically conductive weft wires versus the width Wof the thermal fabric.
The method for determining the numbers Nwarp and Λ/we.t of the electrically conductive warp and weft wires in the thermal fabric consists in evaluating the electrical resistance R of the thermal fabric with either one of the following formulae:
or
R = U2IP depending on whether T or P are known. Then the numbers /V warp and Λweft are determined by means of the diagrams of Figures 3-6 for given values
of the length L and width W of the thermal fabric and using the parameters r and R as referents.
Example 1
Data:
L/ = 6V
Q = 4Ah
P = 10W The electrical resistance of the thermal fabric is
R = 3,60 Ω and the duration of the battery is r=2,4h = 2h24min if only one battery is used, and τ=4ι8h = 4h48min if two parallel connected batteries are used.
Referring to the diagrams of Figures 3 and 4, for a thermal fabric measuring L = 0.80 m in length and W = 0.60 m in width the numbers of warp and weft electrically conductive wires are Λ/warp = 15 and Λweft = 6 if the resistance per unit length is r = 70 Ω/m for the electrically conductive warp wire and r = 7 Ω/m for the electrically conductive weft wire. The warp and weft electrically conductive wires are equally spaced apart.
Example 2
Data: l/ = 6V
Q = 4Ah
T=6h
The electrical resistance of the thermal fabric is
R=9Ω and the power converted into heat is
P=4W
Referring to the diagrams of Figures 5 and 6, for a thermal fabric measuring L = 0.80 m in length and W = 0.60 m in width the numbers of warp and weft electrically conductive wires are Λ/waφ = 6 and Λ/weft = 3 if the resistance per unit length is r = 70 Ω/m for the electrically conductive warp wire and r = 7 Ω/m for the electrically conductive weft wire. The warp and weft electrically conductive wires are equally spaced apart.
Claims
1. Thermal fabric characterised in that it includes electrically conductive wires in substitution for some warp or weft textile yarns of the fabric and at least a pair of electrodes connected to the ends of the electrically conductive wires in order to apply a potential difference thereto and to generate heat by effect of the electric current flowing therethrough.
2. Thermal fabric according to claim 1 , characterised in that the electrically conductive wires are made of a metal material and are provided on their surface with a covering made of polymeric material.
3. Thermal fabric according to claim 2, characterised in that the polymeric material of the electrically conductive wires is a polyamide.
4. Thermal fabric according to claim 1 , characterised in that the electrodes are made of a synthetic material which is made electrically conductive and is formed by 94% in weight of a synthetic resin and 6% in weight of an electrically conductive material.
5. Thermal fabric according to claim 4, characterised in that the synthetic resin forming the electrodes is a polyester.
6. Thermal fabric according to claim 4, characterised in that the electrically conductive material forming the electrodes is a nickel plated steel obtained in a galvanic nickel bath.
7. Thermal fabric according to claims 1 and 4, characterised in that the electrodes are provided with an electrically conductive covering applied thereto in the solid, liquid, gaseous or plasma state in order to reduce the electrical resistance across the electrodes and the electrically conductive wires of the thermal fabric.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT1999MI000577A IT1311970B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | THERMAL FABRIC. |
| ITMI99A000577 | 1999-03-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000056966A1 true WO2000056966A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
Family
ID=11382380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT2000/000086 WO2000056966A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-03-17 | Thermal fabric |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT1311970B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000056966A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001041593A2 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-14 | Milliken & Company | Heated garment |
| EP1705956A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-27 | Strickchic GmbH | Knitted or woven heated article and heatable garment |
| WO2009107905A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-03 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Textile digital band and fabriticating method thereof |
| ES2393013A1 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-12-17 | Comersan S.A. | Heating fabric. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2051550A1 (en) * | 1970-05-27 | 1971-12-09 | Tas Nv Zoning Ind Sa | Process for the production of electrodes for electrical heating fabrics |
| FR2250840A1 (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1975-06-06 | Benoit De La Bretoniere Andre | |
| US5422462A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electric heating sheet |
| US5723845A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-03-03 | Lear Corporation | Automotive seat with co-woven heating elements |
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 IT IT1999MI000577A patent/IT1311970B1/en active
-
2000
- 2000-03-17 WO PCT/IT2000/000086 patent/WO2000056966A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2051550A1 (en) * | 1970-05-27 | 1971-12-09 | Tas Nv Zoning Ind Sa | Process for the production of electrodes for electrical heating fabrics |
| FR2250840A1 (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1975-06-06 | Benoit De La Bretoniere Andre | |
| US5422462A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-06-06 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electric heating sheet |
| US5723845A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-03-03 | Lear Corporation | Automotive seat with co-woven heating elements |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001041593A2 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-06-14 | Milliken & Company | Heated garment |
| WO2001041593A3 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2002-01-24 | Milliken & Co | Heated garment |
| EP1705956A1 (en) * | 2005-03-21 | 2006-09-27 | Strickchic GmbH | Knitted or woven heated article and heatable garment |
| WO2009107905A1 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2009-09-03 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Textile digital band and fabriticating method thereof |
| KR100972006B1 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2010-07-22 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Textile digital band and fabriticating method thereof |
| US8728959B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2014-05-20 | Korea Institute Of Industrial Technology | Textile digital band and fabricating method thereof |
| ES2393013A1 (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-12-17 | Comersan S.A. | Heating fabric. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITMI990577A1 (en) | 2000-09-22 |
| IT1311970B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
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