WO2000075274A1

WO2000075274A1 - Capsule containing detergents

Info

Publication number: WO2000075274A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/004981
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans Jürgen MAIER
Original assignee: Greither, Peter
Priority date: 1999-06-08
Filing date: 2000-05-31
Publication date: 2000-12-14
Also published as: EP1059350A1

Abstract

The invention relates to capsules containing detergents for releasing the same during a cleaning process. Said capsules contain at least one surfactant of the formula [R1-O-(CH2-CH2-O-)n-L] - [R2-NR4H-R3] + selected from mono, di or trialkanolammonium salts of alkyl ether sulphates, with a molecular weight of at least 200 g/mol, preferably at least 300 g/mol. In said formula, R¿1? represents a hydrocarbon radical, comprising at least 6 carbon atoms; n represents a whole number between 1 and 8; L represents -SO3; R2 is a linear or branched alcohol group, comprising between 1 and 10 carbons and at least one hydroxyl group; R3 and R4 are identical or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and/or branched alcohol groups, containing between 1 and 10 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group and linear and/or branched alkyl groups with between 1 and 10 carbon atoms. The surfactant can be present either in the capsule jacket or the capsule fill material, or both. The inventive capsule has a high proportion of detergent substances. The capsule jacket material is preferably a macro-molecular native natural substance and/or is chemically and/or physically modified, preferably gelatine.

Description

Capsule containing detergents

The present invention relates to capsules containing detergents and to a process for the preparation of these capsules.

Encapsulated detergent or detergent compositions have been described for a wide variety of applications. The advantages of the encapsulation lie in the exact dosage of even highly concentrated detergents. At the same time, the capsule offers protection against toxic or allergenic reactions, which are known to occur especially when in contact with highly concentrated chemical substances. In addition, such a form of delivery ensures easy handling and application for the consumer.

EP 339 702 relates to encapsulated, non-aqueous, liquid detergent compositions in which a structure-forming compound, a so-called "structurant", prevents the settling of solid particles dispersed in the organic solvents. According to EP 466 199, the "structurant" is an acid. The optimal pH of 7 to 9 for washing processes can therefore not be set satisfactorily. The detergent composition further contains proteolytic enzymes. The presence of solids also requires corresponding amounts of solvents or dispersants, as a result of which the content of detergent substances in the detergent composition can be very low.

DE 43 01 358 is directed to a gelatin capsule which includes a pasty body and / or textile detergent. The detergent contains 45% to 60% of an alkyl diglycol ether sulfate sodium salt based on native fatty alcohols, 10% to 20% disodium fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfosuccinate, 3% to 5% disodium alkyl sulfosuccinate, the alkyl radical being derived from a vegetable fatty acid, 3% to 5% non-ionic fatty acid alkylolamide, especially coconut fatty acid isopropanolamide, 2% to 4% lanolin sulfosuccinate, 0.1% citric acid and 0.1% preservative. The capsule ingredient must not contain more than 5% water. The washing performance of the detergent is insufficient. The gelatin capsule does not show the shelf life required for the average retail shelf life. US 3,528,925 discloses capsules containing liquid detergents, the content of which is at least 85% active. This composition consists essentially of 33% to 65% alkylarylsulfonic acid with a C ₄ -Cιβ alkyl group and an aryl group which is selected from benzyl, naphthyl or phenyl, 8 to 36.5% non-ionic, surface-active substances and 20 % to 59% alkanolamine or alkylamine, the alkyl or alkanol group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms. The composition must not contain more than 1% water. Because of the aryl content, alkylphenylsulfonic acids and alkylnaphthylsulfonic acids are difficult to biodegrade and are therefore undesirable as surfactant components in detergent compositions.

According to US ^' 925, the alkylarylsulfonic acid must not be converted into its corresponding salt, which means that the pH of the capsule content is primarily adjusted according to these requirements and not according to the pH values which are necessary for optimal washing performance.

Another disadvantage is the poor solubility of the calcium salts of alkylarylsulfonic acids. For this reason, surfactants from this class either lead to stiff textiles from a certain water hardness due to encrustations in the fabric or additives for water softening are necessary, which in turn reduce the content of detergent substances in the detergent composition.

EP 0 261 754 and US 4,597,885 relate to a foam bath additive enclosed in a gelatin capsule. The bath additive contains over 30% of a foaming agent from the group of long-chain alkyl ether sulfates as well as other foam boosters. The capsule content must be essentially anhydrous. Detergent compositions of this type are completely unsuitable for use in washing machines or dishwashers because of their strong foam formation and inadequate washing performance.

The object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art.

In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide capsules containing detergents which, in addition to a high concentration of detergent substances, have excellent washing performance, good biodegradability and high stability and storage life. The Capsules are said to be able to be produced by all known encapsulation technologies and are particularly suitable for encapsulation in the rotary die process.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a capsule containing detergents, the ingredient of which has the highest possible threshold with regard to allergenic and irritant reactions in humans.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a detergent composition which is suitable for encapsulation and for long-term stable capsules, even if the water content is greater than 5% by weight, based on the weight of the capsule content.

These objects are achieved by the characteristics of the independent claims 1.

In particular, they are solved by a detergent-containing capsule for releasing detergents during a cleaning process, which contains at least one surfactant of the formula

[Rι-O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n -L] - [R ₂ -NR ₄ HR ₃ ] ⁺

with a molecular weight of at least 200 g / mol preferably contains at least 300 g / mol, wherein

R_ represents a hydrocarbon radical with at least 6 carbon atoms, n is an integer between 1 and 8, L represents -SO ₃

R _{2 is} a linear or branched saturated alcohol group with carbon atoms in the range from 1 to 10 and at least one hydroxyl group,

R ₃ and R _{4 are the} same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and / or branched alcohol groups with carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10 and at least one hydroxyl group and linear and / or branched alkyl groups with carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10. The surfactant can be present both in the capsule shell and in the capsule filling or in both at the same time. The presence in the capsule shell material can have an advantageous effect on reducing the loss of elasticity of the capsule shell.

Detergents and in particular the surfactants they contain must meet very specific requirements with regard to molecular weight, molecular form, pH value, water content, viscosity and chemical reactivity in order to be suitable for encapsulation in water-soluble or -dispersible capsule materials . This has been found in investigations by the applicant.

These requirements must be based on the compatibility of the capsule material with the capsule shell, the compatibility with other components in the detergent, the storage stability of the capsule, the biodegradability, the dissolution and release behavior in water, the washing activity of the encapsulation technologies and the applicability for the consumer (low weight , space saving).

be fulfilled.

It has now surprisingly been found that the fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether sulfate alkanolammonium salts of the above formula meet the criteria listed almost ideally.

The alkanolammonium salts are also soluble or dispersible in hydrophilic solvents such as water and polyols such as polyethylene glycol. The latter is preferably added to the capsule ingredients as a carrier material. The good solubility of the surfactant in water ensures its problem-free distribution in the wash liquor as soon as the capsule shell has released its contents in the water. The terms detergent, detergents or detergent composition are to be understood as meaning substances which, either alone or in a mixture with other compounds, reduce the work required in a cleaning process.

Detergent compositions are used in a wide variety of industrial and private areas. Detergents are widely used in the detergent industry as detergents, pre-treatments or post-treatments.

The term laundry detergent is the name for the auxiliaries commercially available in the form of pieces, powders, pastes or liquids which are required for washing textile products and are generally used in mechanically vigorous aqueous solutions. Each detergent composition and in particular each detergent contains a certain content of surfactants, which can be combined with a number of other substances depending on the intended use. For detergents, the other substances can be divided into the following groups, builders, bleaching components, optical brighteners, enzymes, stabilizers, activators, adjusting agents, perfumes, dyes and auxiliaries, the latter include e.g. Graying, corrosion and foam inhibitors. For the definition of these terms and the concept of washing activity, see Rompp, Chemielexikon, Eds. J. Falbe, M. Regitz, Georg Tieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 9th edition. The proportion of surfactant in the overall composition depends on the intended use.

Surfactants are substances that reduce the interfacial tension. They have a characteristic structure and have at least one hydrophilic and at least one hydrophobic functional group. A distinction is made between anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants (nonionic surfactants) and amphoteric surfactants. Anionic surfactants generally have carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate groups as hydrophilic, functional groups, while cationic surfactants are in most cases characterized by the presence of a quaternary ammonium group. Ampholytic surfactants contain both anionic and cationic groups, which, depending on the pH value, behave either as anionic surfactants or as cationic surfactants. Nonionic surfactants are characterized by the presence of polyether chains. At this point we would like to refer to the numerous publications on surfactants, their chemical structure and mode of operation (Römpp Chemilexikon Eds. J. Falbe, M. Regitz, Georg Tieme Verlag, Stuttgart gart, 9th edition; Die Tenside, K. Kosswig, H. Stächen, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich Vienna, 1993; G. Gawalek, Akademie Verlag Berlin, 1975).

The fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether sulfate alkanolammonium salts of the above formula are preferably used, in which the radical R 1 is linear and unsaturated with a number of carbon atoms in a range from 10 to 18, preferably in a range from 12 to 14.

In a preferred embodiment, the rest Ri is linear and saturated, which ensures problem-free biodegradability.

In a further preferred embodiment, RI is linear and saturated with at least one hydroxyl group.

Particularly advantageous with regard to the emulsifiability, in particular those surfactants of the above formula are used which have a polyethylene glycol chain - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n with n = 2 to n = 5 and more advantageously in a range from n = 2 to have n = 3.

The radical R2 preferably has a number of carbon atoms in a range from 2 to 5 and more preferably 3 or 4. In contrast to the amine salts described in the prior art, the alkanolamine salts provide, on the one hand, due to their higher molecular weight and, on the other hand, due to the lower mobility of the Cations for no or greatly reduced diffusion of the surfactant into the capsule shell material and thus additionally ensure the long-term stability of the capsule containing detergents.

The radicals R3 and R4 can be identical or different and can be selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alcohol groups with a number of carbon atoms in a range from 2 to 5, preferably from 3 to 4. In a preferred embodiment, R2, R3 and R4 contain only ever a hydroxyl group. If one or both of the residues are not equal to hydrogen, this additionally reduces the diffusion of the surfactant into the capsule shell. The term “long-term stable” means capsules of the present invention which largely retain their function and also essentially their shape over a period of at least 6 months, preferably at least 24 months. “Essentially” is intended to change the shape and size the capsule are largely excluded. In particular, the weld seams from the encapsulation process retain their tightness. Furthermore, the elasticity of the gelatin shell must not be significantly changed by the ingredients over the storage period. For the intended use, the dissolution of the gelatin in the wash liquor must also be guaranteed over the entire storage period.

In a preferred embodiment, those ammonium salts of the above formula are used in which the cation [R ₂ -NR-jH-R ₃ ] ^{+ is} selected from the group consisting of N-monoisopropanolammonium-, N, N-diisopropanolammonium- and N, N , N- triisopropanolammonium compound. The branching of the alcohol also reduces the mobility of the entire surfactant.

If the anion belonging to these cations which are preferably used according to the invention additionally consists of a polyethylene glycol chain with n = 2 and a radical RI which is unsaturated and linear with a number of carbon atoms in a range from 12 to 14, almost all of the listed requirements for the production meet and long-term stability of capsules containing detergents in an almost ideal manner.

Fatty alcohol (Cι ₂ -Cι ₄ ) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate mono-, di- or triisopropanolammonium salts are ideal for encapsulation due to their theological properties. The flow curve corresponds to that of a Newtonian liquid, ie the viscosity is independent of the shear rate. This is advantageous for every encapsulation process, but especially for the rotary die process. Due to the high molar mass, which is 438 g / mol for the monoisopropanolammonium salt and 558g / mol for the trisopropanolammonium salt, these surfactants are inert to the capsule material. Diffusion of the surfactant into the capsule material does not take place or not to the extent that reduces the storage stability of the capsule. The density is about 1.0 g / ml for both at 20 ° C, the surfactants are therefore suitable for processing by means of pumps without additional preparation steps, such as those used for. B. in the rotary die process for injecting the capsule filling. On the one hand, the pH value between 6 and 8 additionally ensures an inert behavior towards most capsule shell materials, on the other hand the surfactant is not very aggressive when it comes into contact with the skin. The biodegradability, with a biodegradability of at least 90%, meets the requirements of the German Guideline Regulation on Detergents and Cleaning Agents. Furthermore, they are largely insensitive to water

2+ 2+ hardness, i.e. do not tend to flocculate even at high Ca and Mg concentrations.

The fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether sulfate alkanolammonium salts for the present invention and in particular the three isopropanolammonium salts can be prepared and processed with less than 1% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the surfactant. The content of detergent substances is usually more than 70% by weight of the surfactant weight. The fatty alcohol (C12-C14) polyethylene glycol (2EO) ether sulfate monoisopropanolammonium salt with 82 to 88% by weight and the corresponding triisopropanolammonium salt with 78 to 90 have a particularly high content of washing-active substances and thus particularly well suited for the production of capsules containing highly concentrated detergents % By weight based on surfactant weight. Capsules can thus be produced in particular with the latter surfactants, of which at least 70% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and more preferably at least 90% by weight of the capsule, based on the total weight of the capsule, are wash-active.

Capsules containing essentially anhydrous detergents can be produced with fatty alcohol (C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ ) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate mono- and triisopropanolammonium salts. However, detergent fillings with a water content of up to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the capsule filling, preferably up to 8% by weight and more preferably up to 6% by weight of water, can be encapsulated without the capsule shell losing stability. Thanks to a micellar system, the special molecular structure of these surfactants ensures a stable "network" without phase separation of the surfactant and water inside the capsule. In many cases, a higher water content is particularly helpful in short-wash and low-temperature wash programs, since it facilitates the dissolving and dispersing behavior of the surfactants after being released from the capsule in the wash liquor.

A further embodiment of the present invention is a capsule containing detergents which, in addition to the fatty alcohol polyethylene glycol ether sulfate alkanolammonium salts of the above formula, additionally contains at least one surfactant from the class of the non-ionic surfactants. Loading especially fatty alcohol (Ci2-Cι) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate mono or triisopropanolammonium salts are suitable for a mixture with non-ionic surfactants. Although they are miscible in any weight ratio, the mixture should preferably be in a ratio of non-ionic surfactant to mono- or trisopropanolammonium salt of 10: 1 to 1:10 and preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5 and more preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 included. The mixtures provide excellent washing performance and excellent emulsifying power. Preferred representatives of the non-ionic surfactants are saturated and / or unsaturated ethoxylated (5 to 20 EO) fatty alcohols (Ci2-C ₁₈ ). Non-ionic surfactants can be adapted to special practical conditions due to the great variability of their base bodies and their degree of ethoxylation or propoxylation. The non-ionic surfactants should also have molar masses greater than or equal to 200 g / mol, in order not to endanger the stability of the shell. This non-risk to the capsule shell is a condition for all components of the encapsulated detergent composition. They should be selected in terms of their amount, their mobility and their molecular weight such that they do not reduce the tightness and the long-term stability of the capsule according to the invention.

In principle, all water-soluble and / or water-dispersible native and / or physically and / or chemically modified natural substances and their mixtures can be used as capsule shell material, provided that a capsule can be produced from them. The natural substances are preferably selected from the group consisting of gelatin, starches, galactomannans, cellulose, alginates, carrageenan and mixtures thereof.

The term chemically modified natural products includes all modified natural products that have been produced with the help of chemical reactants or enzymes, regardless of whether the chemical or parts of the chemical remain in the natural product after modification, e.g. in the case of carboxymethylation of starch or cellulose. Depolymerization of natural products caused by acids, bases or enzymes should also fall under the term chemical modification. As a physical modification e.g. Depolymerizations of natural products are understood, which are caused by the action of heat and / or mechanical forces such as Shear forces occur.

Mixtures with synthetic polymers, such as the derivatives of acrylic acid, alkylene vinyl residues, vinyl alcohols and vinylidene chloride, can also be used. Depending on the encapsulation technology, the capsule shell material can contain different amounts of different additives, such as plasticizers, inorganic fillers, pigments, crosslinking agents, etc.

If the capsule contains a detergent, the shell is particularly advantageously made of gelatin. In this form, the gelatin fulfills a double function, on the one hand it acts as an environmentally friendly "single-use packaging" and on the other hand it acts as a digestive inhibitor in the wash liquor. Graying inhibitors are substances which prevent dirt particles that have already been detached and emulsified in the wash liquor from being re-absorbed onto the fiber.

Part of the invention is also a process for the preparation of detergent-containing capsules which comprise at least one surfactant of the formula [R-O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O-) _n -L] ^" [R -NR ₄ HR ₃ ] ⁺ a molecular weight of at least 200 g / mol, preferably at least 300 g / mol, where Ri is a hydrocarbon radical with at least 6 carbon atoms, n is an integer between 1 and 8, L is -SO ₃

R _{2 is} a linear or branched alcohol group with carbons in the range from 1 to 10 and at least one hydroxyl group,

R ₃ and R _{4 are the} same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and / or branched alcohol groups with carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10 and at least one hydroxyl group and linear and / or branched alkyl groups with Carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10.

If necessary, the surfactant is mixed with other surfactants and additives depending on the intended use and encapsulated using the rotary die process.

The rotary die process works particularly advantageously if the capsule shell contains gelatin and / or native, physically or chemically modified starch, alone or in mixtures with gelatin. The Rotary Die process was patented by Scherer in the 1930s and described in numerous publications. The Capsule, Fundamentals, Techology and Biopharmacy of a Modern Dosage Form, Eds., W. Fahrig, K. Hofer, Scientific Publishing Seilschaft Stuttgart, 1983. The capsule wall is welded from two gelatin halves, which have been punched out beforehand from a gelatin strip, under the influence of heat. Two endless gelatin tapes are guided through two adjacent rollers or rollers with recesses rotating in opposite directions. While the gelatine tape is pressed into the recesses and thus the capsule halves are formed, the pumpable and sprayable capsule filling is precisely metered into the capsule already welded in the lower part by means of a valve. The shape and size of the capsule is therefore dependent on the cutouts in the rollers. Consequently, the term capsule should not only be understood to mean the typical capsule shapes, but also any other form containing detergents, such as figures, spheres, etc.

The rotary die process for producing capsules containing detergents can be used particularly advantageously if the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol (Ci2-Cι ₄ ) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate monoisopropanolammonium salt, fatty alcohol (Ci2-Cι ₄ ) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate diisopropanolammonium salt and fatty alcohol ^ Cπ- Cι ₄ ) polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate triisopropanolammonium salt. The material properties already mentioned, such as the flow behavior, the density of almost 1 at 20 ° C, the high molecular weight, the neutral pH make them particularly suitable for the rotary die process. The stability of the capsule shell and in particular a gelatin shell and the weldability of the same are not impaired by the capsule filling which comprises these surfactants, for example by dripping or threading.

Capsules containing detergents can also be produced using any other suitable process, such as injection molding, dipping, microencapsulation, etc. If the detergents of the above formula are converted into highly pasty or solid state by means of additives, plug-in capsules are also preferably suitable for encapsulating this detergent composition. Using additional units for machines that are designed to fill plug-in capsules, these can also be filled with liquid detergent compositions according to the invention. The present invention is illustrated by the following examples:

Example 1: Content of washing-active substances 90%

TIPA / lauryl alcohol polyethylene glycol (3EO) ether sulfate - 90% triisopropanolamine

PEG400 6%

Enzymes 2%

Perfume 2%

Example 2: Content of washing-active substances 85%

MIPA / lauryl alcohol-polyethylene glycol- (2EO) - ether sulfate- 85% monoisopropanolamine

Water 8%

PEG400 3%

Enzymes 2%

Perfume 2%

Example 3: Content of washing-active substances 75%

Lauryl alcohol polyethylene glycol (2 EO) - 40% ether sulfate triisopropanol ammonium salt

Fatty alcohol ethoxylate (7 EO) 20%

Marlipal 24/70, Condea Chemie GmbH

Fatty alcohol ethoxylate (4 EO) 15%

Marlipal 24/40, Condea Chemie GmbH

Silicone defoamer 2%

Perfume 1%

Enzymes 2%

PEG 200 10% Example 4: Content of wash-active substances 88%

Lauryl alcohol polyethylene glycol (2 EO) ether sulfate

50% monoisopropanolamine

Fatty alcohol ethoxylate (4 EO): 15%

Marlipal 24/40

Ethanolamine 15%

Coconut palm kernel acid 8%

Perfume 2%

PEG 200 10%

Example 5: Content of washing-active substances 90%

TIPA / lauryl alcohol-polyethylene glycol- (3EO) - ether sulfate- 90% triisopropanolamine

PEG400 8%

Perfume 2%

The detergent composition of Examples 1 and 4 was sealed in an amount of 20 g by the rotary die method in round soft gelatin capsules with a diameter of 35 mm.

The detergent compositions of Examples 2 and 3 were sealed in amounts of 30 g by rotary die method in round soft gelatin capsules with a diameter of 42 mm.

The composition of Example 5 was enclosed in an injection molded starch capsule. The results regarding the washing activity of the ingredients and the storage stability of the capsule corresponded to the results of the gelatin capsule The storage stability of the capsules while maintaining the washing power of the ingredient was tested over a period of six months and showed no deterioration during this period.

The washing performance was checked using EMPA (Eidgenösische Materialprüfanstalt, Dübendorf and St. Gallen, Switzerland) test materials. For this purpose, artificially soiled test fabrics (reference: EMPA) were tested with the encapsulated detergent compositions according to the examples of the EMPA reference detergent and against commercial detergents under the same, automated washing conditions (60 ° C, full wash cycle). The quantities used were determined according to the dosing recommendations of the manufacturers for 4 kg laundry (cotton fabric) or. a capsule containing detergents according to the invention. It was found that the encapsulated concentrates of Examples 1 to 5 behave very balanced in the case of different soiling and in all cases give washing results which are at least as good as the reference detergents.

Claims

claims

1. Detergent-containing capsule for releasing detergents during a cleaning process comprising at least one surfactant of the formula

[Rι-O- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O -) "- L] ^" [R ₂ -NR ₄ HR ₃ ] ⁺

with a molecular weight of at least 200 g / mol, preferably at least 300 g / mol

Ri represents a hydrocarbon radical with at least 6 carbon atoms, n is an integer between 1 and 8, L represents -SO ₃

R ₃ and R _{4 are the} same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and / or branched alcohol groups with carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10 and at least one hydroxyl group, and linear and / or branched alkyl groups with carbon atoms in a range from 1 to 10.

2. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that R] is linear and unsaturated with carbon atoms in a range from 10 to 18, preferably in a range from 12 and 14.

3. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that Ri is linear and saturated with carbon atoms in a range from 10 to 18, preferably in a range from 12 to 14.

4. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claim 1, characterized in that RI is linear and saturated with at least one hydroxyl group.

5. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that n is in a range from 2 to 5, preferably from 2 to 3.

6. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that R has carbon atoms in a range from two to five, preferably from three to four.

7. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that R ₃ and / or R _{4 has} carbon atoms in a range from two to five, preferably from three to four.

8. Detergent-containing capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that R2, R3 and R4 each have a hydroxyl group

9. capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that [R -NR HR ₃ ] ^{+ is} selected from the group consisting of N-monoisopropanol ammonium, N, N diisopropanol ammonium or N, N, N Triisopropanol ammonium compound is.

10. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claim 9, characterized in that n is 2 and RI is unsaturated and linear with carbon atoms in a range from twelve to fourteen.

11. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the surfactant has a molar mass of at least 400 g / mol, preferably 500 g / mol.

12. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least 70%, preferably at least 80% and more preferably at least 90% of the capsule is wash-active, based on the total weight of the filling material.

13. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the capsule filling has a water content of up to 10% by weight, based on the Contains weight of the capsule content, preferably up to 8% by weight and more preferably up to 6% by weight.

14. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that nonionic surfactants are additionally present and the weight ratio of nonionic surfactant to said surfactant is 10: 1 to 1:10, preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5 and more preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 is ..

15. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the capsule shell contains water-soluble and / or water-dispersible native and / or physically and / or chemically modified natural substances and their mixtures.

16. Capsule comprising at least one surfactant according to claim 15, characterized in that the natural substances are selected from the group consisting of gelatin, starches and alginates, carrageenan and mixtures thereof.