WO2001028621A1 - Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood - Google Patents
Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001028621A1 WO2001028621A1 PCT/US2000/028206 US0028206W WO0128621A1 WO 2001028621 A1 WO2001028621 A1 WO 2001028621A1 US 0028206 W US0028206 W US 0028206W WO 0128621 A1 WO0128621 A1 WO 0128621A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3693—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/02—Blood transfusion apparatus
- A61M1/0209—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components
- A61M1/0218—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components with filters
- A61M1/0222—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components with filters and filter bypass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/02—Blood transfusion apparatus
- A61M1/0209—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components
- A61M1/0231—Multiple bag systems for separating or storing blood components with gas separating means, e.g. air outlet through microporous membrane or gas bag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/302—Details having a reservoir for withdrawn untreated blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/303—Details having a reservoir for treated blood to be returned
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/301—Details
- A61M1/305—Control of inversion point between collection and re-infusion phase
- A61M1/308—Volume control, e.g. with open or flexible containers, by counting the number of pump revolutions, weighing
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3601—Extra-corporeal circuits in which the blood fluid passes more than once through the treatment unit
- A61M1/3603—Extra-corporeal circuits in which the blood fluid passes more than once through the treatment unit in the same direction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3627—Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters
- A61M1/3633—Blood component filters, e.g. leukocyte filters
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3693—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
- A61M1/3696—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/04—Liquids
- A61M2202/0413—Blood
- A61M2202/0427—Platelets; Thrombocytes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
- A61M2202/04—Liquids
- A61M2202/0413—Blood
- A61M2202/0429—Red blood cells; Erythrocytes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
- A61M2205/3379—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
- A61M2205/3393—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates by weighing the reservoir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
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- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2230/00—Measuring parameters of the user
- A61M2230/20—Blood composition characteristics
- A61M2230/207—Blood composition characteristics hematocrit
Definitions
- the invention relates to centrifugal blood processing systems and apparatus. Background of the Invention
- Certain therapies transfuse large volumes of blood components. For example, some patients undergoing chemotherapy require the transfusion of large numbers of platelets on a routine basis.
- Manual blood bag systems simply are not an efficient way to collect these large numbers of platelets from individual donors.
- On line blood separation systems are today used to collect large numbers of platelets to meet this demand.
- On line systems perform the separation steps necessary to separate concentration of platelets from whole blood m a sequential process with the donor present
- On line systems establish a flow of whole blood from the donor, separate out the desired platelets from the flow, and return the remaining red blood cells and plasma to the donor, all m a sequential flow loop.
- the invention provides blood processing systems and methods that separate blood drawn from a donor into red blood cells and platelets.
- the systems and methods operate in first and second modes. In the first operating mode, the systems and methods process whole blood and collect platelets. In the first mode, red blood cells are not concurrently collected, but are returned to the donor .
- the systems and methods process whole blood and concurrently collect red blood cells along with the associated additional volume of platelets.
- no blood components are returned to the donor .
- the systems and methods also operate in a third mode.
- the systems and methods perform a final blood volume trimming function.
- the volume trimming function a portion of the collected red blood cell volume can be returned to the donor.
- the volume trimming function assures that component volumes actually collected do not exceed the volumes targeted for collection.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an on-line blood processing system
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a controller that governs the operation of the blood processing system shown in Fig. 1 ,-
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the blood processing system shown in Fig. 1 conditioned by the controller to perform a draw cycle during a non-concurrent collection mode
- Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the blood processing system shown in Fig. 1 conditioned by the controller to perform a return cycle during a non-concurrent collection mode
- Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the blood processing system shown in Fig. 1 conditioned by the controller to perform a concurrent collection mode;
- Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view of the blood processing system shown in Fig. 1 conditioned by the controller to perform a blood volume trimming function; and Fig. 7 is a front view of a blood collection set, which, in use, receives red blood cells after collection in the system shown in Fig. 1 for further processing prior to storage .
- Fig. 1 shows in diagrammatic form an on line blood processing system 10 for carrying out an automated blood collection procedure.
- the system 10 comprises a single needle blood collection network, although a double needle network could also be used.
- the system 10 includes an arrangement of durable hardware elements, whose operation is governed by a processing controller 18.
- the hardware elements include a centrifuge 12, in which whole blood (WB) from a donor is separated into platelets, plasma, and red blood cells.
- WB whole blood
- a representative centrifuge that can be used is shown in Brown et al U.S. Patent 5,690,602, which is incorporated herein by reference .
- the hardware elements will also include various pumps, which are typically peristaltic (designated PI to P7) ; and various in line clamps and valves (designated VI to V7) .
- PI to P7 peristaltic
- VI to V7 various in line clamps and valves
- Fig. 1 does not show, like sole- noids, pressure monitors, and the like.
- the system 10 typically also includes some form of a disposable fluid processing assembly 14 used in association with the hardware elements.
- the assembly 14 includes a processing chamber 16 having two stages 24 and 32.
- the centrifuge 12 rotates the processing chamber 16 to centrifugally separate blood components .
- the construction of the two stage processing chamber 16 can vary. For example, it can take the form of double bags, like the processing chambers shown and described in Cullis et al . U.S. Patent 4,146,172, which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, the processing chamber 16 can take the form of an elongated two stage integral bag, like that shown and described in Brown U.S. Patent No. 5,632,893, which is also incorporated herein by reference .
- the processing assembly 14 also includes an array of flexible tubing that forms a fluid circuit.
- the fluid circuit conveys liquids to and from the processing chamber 16.
- the pumps P1-P7 and the valves VI-V7 engage the tubing to govern the fluid flow in prescribed ways.
- the fluid circuit further includes a number of containers (designated Cl to C5 ) to dispense and receive liquids during processing.
- a controller 18 governs the operation of the various hardware elements to carry out one or more processing tasks using the assembly 14.
- the controller 18 also performs real time evaluation of processing conditions and outputs information to aid the operator in maximizing the separation and collection of blood components.
- the system 10 can be configured to accomplish diverse types of blood separation processes.
- Fig. 1 shows the system 10 configured to carry out an automated procedure using a single needle 22 to collect from a single donor (i) a desired yield of concentrated platelets suspended in plasma (PC) (e.g., upwards to two therapeutic units) , which
- PPP platelet-poor plasma
- the system 10 can collect various volumes of PC, PPP, and RBC products as governed by applicable regulations for allowable blood volumes.
- component volume iterations that the system 10 can presently provide include, e.g.:(i) one therapeutic unit each of PC, PPP, and RBC, or (ii) one therapeutic unit each of PC and RBC, or (iii) two therapeutic units of PC and one unit of RBC.
- the System Controller 18 carries out the overall process control and monitoring functions for the system 10 as just described.
- the controller comprises a main processing unit (MPU) 44.
- the MPU 44 comprises a type 68030 microprocessor made by Motorola Corporation, although other types of conventional microprocessors can be used.
- the MPU 44 employs conventional real time multi-tasking to allocate MPU cycles to processing tasks.
- a periodic timer interrupt (for example, every 5 milliseconds) preempts the executing task and schedules another that is in a ready state for execution. If a reschedule is requested, the highest priority task in the ready state is scheduled. Otherwise, the next task on the list in the ready state is schedule.
- A. Hardware Control The MPU 44 includes an application control manager 46.
- the application control manager 46 administers the activation of a library 48 of control applications.
- Each control application prescribes procedures for carrying out given functional tasks using the system hardware (e.g., the centrifuge 12, the pumps P1-P7, and the valves V1-V7) in a predetermined way.
- the applications reside as process software in EPROM's in the MPU 44.
- instrument manager 50 also resides as process software in EPROM's in the MPU 44.
- the instrument manager 50 communicates with the application control manager 46.
- the instrument manager 50 also communicates with low level peripheral controllers 52 for the pumps, solenoids, valves, and other functional hardware of the system.
- the application control manager 46 sends specified function commands to the instrument manager 50, as called up by the activated application.
- the instrument manager 50 identifies the peripheral controller or controllers 52 for performing the function and compiles hardware-specific commands.
- the peripheral controllers 52 communicate directly with the hardware to implement the hardware- specific commands, causing the hardware to operate in a specified way.
- a communication manager 54 manages low- level protocol and communications between the instrument manager 50 and the peripheral controllers 52.
- the instrument manager 50 also conveys back to the application control manager 46 status data about the operational and functional conditions of the processing procedure.
- the status data is expressed in terms of, for example, fluid flow rates, sensed pressures, and fluid volumes measured.
- the application control manager 46 transmits selected status data for display to the operator.
- the application control manager 46 transmits operational and functional conditions to the procedure application Al and the performance monitoring application A2.
- the MPU 44 also includes an interactive user interface 58.
- the interface 58 allows the operator to view and comprehend information regarding the operation of the system 10.
- the interface 58 also allows the operator to select applications residing in the application control manager 46, as well as to change certain functions and performance criteria of the system 10.
- the interface 58 includes an interface screen 60 and, preferably, an audio device 62.
- the interface screen 60 displays information for viewing by the operator in alphanumeric format and as graphical images.
- the audio device 62 provides audible prompts either to gain the operator's attention or to acknowledge operator actions.
- the interface screen 60 also serves as an input device. It receives input from the operator by conventional touch activation. Alternatively or in combination with touch activation, a mouse or keyboard could be used as input devices.
- An interface manager 64 communicates with the interface screen 60 and audio device 62.
- the interface manager 64 in turn, communicates with the application control manager 46.
- the interface manager 64 resides as process software in EPROM's in the MPU 44.
- the library 48 includes at least one system control application Al .
- the system control application Al contains several specialized, yet interrelated utility functions. Of course, the number and type of utility functions can vary. In the illustrated embodiment, a utility function
- the utility function FI derives the platelet yield (Yld) of the system 10.
- the utility function FI ascertains both the instantaneous physical condition of the system 10 in terms of its separation efficiencies and the instantaneous physiological condition of the donor in terms of the number of circulating platelets available for collection. From these, the utility function FI derive the instantaneous yield of platelets continuously over the processing period.
- Another utility function F2 relies upon the calculated platelet yield (Yld) and other processing conditions to generate selected informational status values and parameters. These values and parameters are displayed on the interface 58 to aid the operator in establishing and maintaining optimal performance conditions.
- the status values and parameters derived by the utility function F2 can vary. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the utility function F2 reports remaining volumes to be processed, remaining processing times, and the component collection volumes and rates.
- Other utility functions generate control variables based upon ongoing processing conditions for use by the applications control manager 46 to establish and maintain optimal processing conditions. For example, one utility function F3 generates control variables to optimize platelet separation conditions in the first stage 24. Another utility function F4 generates control variables to control the rate at which citrate anticoagulant is returned with the PPP to the donor to avoid potential citrate toxicity reactions.
- the system 10 is conditioned to achieve at least three processing objectives.
- the first objective is the collection of a desired yield of concentrated platelets (PC) .
- the second objective is the collection of a desired volume of PPP to serve as a storage medium for the collected PC.
- the third objective is the collection of a desired volume of red blood cells (RBC) .
- Other objectives may be established, e.g., to collect an additional volume of PPP for storage.
- the utility function FI conditions the system 10 to collect and process blood in at least three different operating modes.
- the system 10 is conditioned to process whole blood and collect PC and PPP.
- RBC are not concurrently collected, but are returned to the donor.
- PPP in excess of that desired may also be returned to the donor.
- the system 10 is conditioned to process whole blood and concurrently collect
- the system 10 is conditioned to perform a final blood volume trimming function.
- a portion of the collected RBC volume, or all or some of the collected PPP volume, or both, can be returned to the donor.
- the volume trimming function assures that component volumes actually collected do not exceed the volumes targeted for collection.
- the operator uses the interface 58 to input the desired PC yield to be collected (Yld Goal ) , the desired RBC volume to be collected (RBC Goal ) , and the desired PPP volume to be collected
- the controller 18 conditions the system 10 to proceed with blood processing in the first operating mode.
- the controller 18 takes into account two processing variables in commanding a change from the first operating mode to the second operating mode, and from the second operating mode to the third operating mode.
- the first processing variable is the remaining whole blood volume needed to achieve the desired platelet yield, or Vb rem (in ml) .
- the second processing variable is the volume of whole blood that is needed to be processed to achieve the desired volume of red blood cells RBC Goal , or Vb RBC .
- Vb ret _ Vb RBC
- the controller 18 switches from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.
- Vb rem becomes zero
- the controller switches from the second operating mode to the third operating mode.
- the utility function F2 relies upon the calculation of Yld by the first utility function FI to derive the whole blood volume needed to be processed to achieve Yld Goal During blood processing, the utility function F2 continuously derives the additional processed volume needed to achieve the desired platelet yield Vb rem (in ml) by dividing the remaining yield to be collected by the expected average platelet count over the remainder of the procedure, with corrections to reflect the current operating efficiency ⁇ Plt
- the utility function F2 derives this value using the following expression
- Vb rem is the additional processing volume (ml) needed to achieve Ylcl ⁇
- Yld Cur -. ent is the current platelet yield (k/ ⁇ l), calculated by the utility function FI based upon current processing values (as set forth m the Summary that follows)
- ⁇ Plt is the present (instantaneous) platelet collection efficiency, which can be calculated based upon current processing values (as set forth m the Summary that follows) .
- ACDil is an anticoagulant dilution factor (as set forth m the Summary that follows)
- Plt current is the current (instantaneous) circulating donor platelet count, calculated based upon current processing values (as set forth in the Summary that follows) .
- Plt P ⁇ 8C is the expected donor platelet count after processing, also calculated based upon total processing values (as set forth in the Summary that follows) .
- (ii) Calculating Vb RBC The utility function F2 derives Vb RBC based upon
- the donor's whole blood hematocrit Hct can comprise a value measured at the outset of the procedure, or a value that is sensed on-line during the course of the procedure.
- Hct is not directly measured or sensed. Instead, the controller 18 relies upon an apparent hematocrit value H b of whole blood entering the separation chamber.
- H b is derived by the controller 18 based upon sensed flow conditions and theoretical consideration. The derivation of H b is described in more detail in the Summary that follows.
- Vb RBC Vb RBC
- Buf is a prescribed buffer volume, e.g., 20 ml.
- the utility function F2 provides a further volume buffer, by rounding up the calculated volume of Vb RBC , e.g., to the next highest integer divisible by ten.
- the utility function F2 also compares the calculated value of Vb RBC to a prescribed maximum volume (e.g. , 600 mL) . If Vb RBC equals or exceeds the prescribed maximum, the utility function F2 rounds the value down to a prescribed lesser amount, e.g., to 595 mL. (iii) The First Operating Mode
- the system 10 processes whole blood and collects PC and PPP for storage.
- RBC and the uncollected volume of PPP are returned to the donor.
- the system 10 shown in Fig. 1 employs one, single lumen phlebotomy needle 22.
- the controller 18 operates the system 10 in successive draw and return cycles.
- the controller 18 supplies the donor's WB through the needle 22 to the chamber 16 for processing.
- the controller 18 returns the RBC and PPP blood components to the donor through the same needle 22.
- the system 10 is configured to enable separation to occur in the chamber 16 without interruption during a succession of draw and return cycles. More particularly, the system 10 includes a draw reservoir 66. During a draw cycle (Fig. 3), a quantity of the donor's WB is pooled in the reservoir 66, in excess of the volume which is sent to the chamber 16 for processing. The system 10 also includes a return reservoir 68. A quantity of RBC collects in the return reservoir 68 during the draw cycle for periodic return to the donor during the return cycle (see Fig. 4) . During the return cycle, WB is conveyed from the draw reservoir 66 to the chamber 16 to sustain uninterrupted separation.
- the whole blood pump PI direct WB from the needle 22 through a first tubing branch 20 and into the draw reservoir 66.
- an auxiliary tubing branch 26 meters anticoagulant from the container Cl to the WB flow through the anticoagulant pump P3.
- ACDA which is a commonly used anticoagulant for pheresis.
- a container C2 holds saline solution.
- Another auxiliary tubing branch 28 conveys the saline into the first tubing branch 20, via the in line valve VI, for use in priming and purging air from the assembly 14 before processing begins. Saline solution is also introduced again after processing ends to flush residual components from the assembly 14 for return to the donor.
- the processing controller 18 receives processing information from a weigh scale 70.
- the weigh scale 70 monitors the volume of WB collected in the draw reservoir 66. Once the weigh scale 70 indicates that a desired volume of WB is present in the draw reservoir 66, the controller 18 commands the whole blood processing pump P2 to operate to continuously convey WB from the draw reservoir 66 into the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16 through inlet branch 36.
- the controller 18 operates the whole blood pump PI at a higher flow rate (at, for example, 100 ml/min) than the whole blood processing pump P2 , which operates continuously (at, for example, 50 ml/min), so a volume of anticoagulated blood collects in the reservoir 66.
- the controller intermittently operates the whole blood inlet pump PI to maintain a desired volume of WB in the draw reservoir 66.
- Anticoagulated WB enters and fills the first stage
- centrifugal forces generated during rotation of the centrifuge 12 separate WB into red blood cells (RBC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) .
- RBC red blood cells
- PRP platelet-rich plasma
- a PRP pump P4 operates to draw PRP from the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16 into a second tubing branch 30 for transport to the second stage 32 of the processing chamber 16. There, the PRP is separated into platelet concentrate (PC) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP).
- PC platelet concentrate
- PPP platelet-poor plasma
- the controller 18 optically monitors the location of the interface between RBC and PRP within the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16.
- the controller 18 operates the PRP pump P4 to keep the interface at a desired location within the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 24. This keeps a substantial portion of the leukocytes, which occupy the interface, from entering the flow of PRP.
- the PRP can also be conveyed through a filter F to remove leukocytes before separation in the second stage 32.
- the filter F can employ filter media containing fibers of the type disclosed in Nishimura et al U.S. Patent 4,936,998, which is incorporated herein by reference. Filter media containing these fibers are commercially sold by Asahi Medical Company in filters under the trade name SEPACEL .
- the system 10 includes a recirculation tubing branch 34 and an associated recirculation pump P5.
- the processing controller 18 operates the pump P5 to divert a portion of the PRP exiting the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16 for remixing with the WB entering the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16.
- the recirculation of PRP establishes desired conditions in the entry region of the first stage 24 to provide maximal separation of RBC and PRP.
- a RBC branch 38 conveys the RBC from the first stage 24 of the processing chamber 16 to the return reservoir 68 (which is controlled by valve V3 ) .
- a weigh scale 72 monitors the volume of PPP collected in the container C4.
- a PPP branch 40 conveys PPP from the second stage 32 of the processing chamber 16, by operation of the PPP pump P7. By opening valve V5 , all or a portion of the PPP can be directed to a collection container C4 , depending upon the flow rate of the pump P7.
- a weigh scale 74 monitors the volume of PPP collected in the container C4. The PPP that is not collected flow into the return reservoir 68, where it mixes with the RBC.
- the controller 16 limits the rate at which PPP is collected during the first mode.
- the controller 18 avoids the collection of a surplus volume of PPP at the end of the procedure.
- the controller 18 reduces the time of the subsequent blood volume trimming function, thereby reducing the overall procedure time.
- the small volume of surplus PPP also allows the use of higher return flow rates during the blood volume trimming function, as the amount of anticoagulant (carried in the PPP) that is returned to the donor during the blood volume trimming function is reduced.
- the controller 18 receives processing information from the weigh scale 72, monitors the volume of RBC and PPP in the return reservoir 68. When a preselected volume exists, the controller 18 shifts the operation of the system 10 from a draw cycle to a return cycle. In the return cycle (Fig.
- the controller 18 stops the whole blood inlet pump PI and anticoagulant pump P3 and starts a blood return pump P6.
- a return branch 42 conveys RBC and PPP in the return reservoir 68 to the donor through the needle 22.
- the controller 18 keeps the WB processing pump P2 , the PRP pump P4, and recirculation pump P5 in operation to continuously process the WB pooled in the draw reservoir 66 through the first stage and second stages 24 and 32 of the chamber 16.
- the controller 18 shifts operation of the system 10 to another draw cycle.
- Vb rem Vb ⁇ ,., the controller 18 commands a final return cycle, to return the contents of the return reservoir 68 to the donor.
- the controller 18 switches from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.
- a second or concurrent collection mode (Fig. 5) , the controller 18 conditions to system 10 to operate in a sustained draw cycle, to process whole blood and concurrently collect the targeted volume of RBC, along with associated additional volumes of PC and PPP.
- the controller 18 does not switch operation of the system 10 to a return cycle. There is only one sustained draw cycle during the concurrent collection mode, and no components are returned to the donor .
- the controller 18 avoids the collection of a large surplus volume of whole blood in the draw reservoir 66.
- the controller 18 achieves this objective by maintaining a smaller flow rate differential between the whole blood inlet pump PI and the whole blood processing pump P2 , compared to the differential maintained during the draw cycle of non-concurrent collection mode .
- the whole blood inlet pump PI is operated at a minimal differential of, e.g., only 1 mL/min, above the whole blood processing pump P2.
- the weight scale 70 toggles the whole blood inlet pump PI and anticoagulant pump P3 off whenever the sensed volume of blood in the draw reservoir 66 exceeds a specified minimum buffer amount , e.g., 5 g. - I I
- red blood cells are directed into a collection container C4 , via the valve V4 , which is opened for this purpose (return valve V3 is closed, so no RBC collect in the return reservoir 68) .
- a weigh scale 108 monitors the weight of the collection container C4.
- the controller 18 continuously derives Vb rem during the sustained draw cycle of concurrent collection mode. When v b rem becomes zero, the controller 18 terminates the concurrent collection mode.
- the controller 18 commands the system 10 to enter a return cycle to return the excess RBC volume to the donor from the collection container C4 , through the branch path 43 (valve V6 being opened) , and into the return path 42 (valve V2 being closed), by operation of the in-line return pump P6.
- the controller 18 commands the system 10 to enter a return cycle to return the excess PPP volume to the donor from the collection container C3 , through the branch path 45 (valve V7 being opened and valve V5 being closed) , and into the return path 42, by operation of the in-line return pump P6.
- the controller 18 commands a saline reinfusion operation to return residual blood in the system 10 to the donor, along with a prescribed fluid replacement volume.
- the retention of PPP can serve multiple purposes, both during and after the component separation process.
- PPP contains most of the anticoagulant that is metered into WB during the component separation process.
- PPP contains most of the anticoagulant that is metered into WB during the component separation process.
- the overall volume of anticoagulant received by the donor during processing is reduced. This reduction is particularly significant when large blood volumes are processed.
- the retention of PPP during processing also keeps the donor's circulating platelet count higher and more uniform during processing.
- the system 10 can also derive processing benefits from the retained PPP.
- the system 10 can, in an alternative recirculation mode, recirculate a portion of the retained PPP, instead of PRP, for mixing with WB entering the first compartment 24.
- the system 10 can draw upon the retained volume of PPP as an anticoagulated "keep-open" fluid to keep fluid lines patent.
- the system 10 can draw upon the retained volume of PPP as a "rinse-back" fluid, to resuspend and purge RBC from the first stage compartment 24 for return to the donor through the return branch 42.
- the system 10 also operates in a resuspension mode to draw upon a portion of the retained PPP to resuspend PC in the second stage 24 for transfer and storage in the collection container (s) C5. Resuspension and transfer of PC to the collection containers C5 can be accomplished manually or on line.
- the container (s) C5 intended to store the PC are made of materials that, when compared to DEHP- plasticized polyvinyl chloride materials, have greater gas permeability that is beneficial for platelet storage.
- materials that, when compared to DEHP- plasticized polyvinyl chloride materials, have greater gas permeability that is beneficial for platelet storage.
- polyolefin material as disclosed in Gajewski et al U.S. Patent 4,140,162
- THTM tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate
- a disposable collection set 76 is provided to process the RBC volume collected for storage.
- the set 76 includes a transfer path 78.
- the transfer path 78 has a sealed free end 80 designed to be connected in a sterile fashion to a sealed tube segment 82 on the RBC collection container C4 (see Fig. 7) .
- Known sterile connection mechanisms (not shown) like that shown in Spencer U.S. Patent 4,412,835 can be used for connecting the transfer path 78 to the tube segment 82. These mechanisms form a molten seal between tubing ends, which, once cooled, forms a sterile weld.
- a first bag 84 communicates with the transfer path 78 through a length of sample tubing 86.
- the first bag 84 contains a red blood cell additive solution S, e.g., SAG-M or ADSOL ® Solution (Baxter Healthcare Corporation) .
- a conventional in-line frangible cannula 106 in the sample tubing 86 is opened, and the red blood cell additive solution S is transferred from the first bag 84 into the collection container C4 for mixing with the collected RBC volume. The mixture of additive solution and RBC can then be transferred back into the first bag 84.
- Residual air in the first bag 84 can be vented into an in-line air venting chamber 88, which communicates with the transfer path 78. At the same time, an aliquot of the collected RBC volume present in the first bag 84 can be expressed into the sample tubing 86.
- the tubing 86 preferably carries an identification code 90 which is identical to a code 90 printed on or otherwise applied to the first bag 84.
- the tubing 86 is then closed with a conventional snap-apart seal, and the first bag 84 is detached from the collection set 76 for storing the RBC volume.
- the tubing 86 can be further sealed in segments, using conventional tube sealers, to isolate multiple samples of the RBC for analysis and cross-matching.
- the set 76 also includes a second bag 92, which communicates with the transfer path 78 downstream of the first bag 84 through a branch path 94.
- the branch path 94 includes an in-line filter 96.
- the in-line filter 96 carries a filtration medium 98 that selectively removes leukocytes from red blood cells.
- the filter can comprise, e.g., a R-3000 Red Blood Cell Filter (Asahi Medical) .
- the mixture of red blood cells and additive solution can be transferred from the collection bag C4 to the second bag 92 through the in-line filter 96, by-passing the first bag 84.
- the set 76 provides red blood cells essentially free of leukocytes, suitable for long term storage.
- An air venting path 100 extends from the second bag 92 to the transfer path 78, bypassing the in-line filter 96. By opening a conventional break-away cannula 106 in the path 100, residual air in the second bag 92 can be vented through the path 100 into the in-line air venting chamber 88.
- a one-way valve 104 in the path 100 allows air and liquid flow in the path 100 away from the bag 92, but not in the opposite direction.
- venting path 100 an aliquot of the collected RBC present in the second bag 92 can be expressed into the venting path 100.
- the venting path 100 carries an identification code 102 which is identical to a code 102 printed on or otherwise applied to the second bag 92.
- the venting path 100 and branch path 94 can be closed with a conventional snap-apart seal, to allow detachment of the second bag 92 from the transfer path 78.
- the path 100 can also be sealed in segments, to provide multiple samples of the RBC for analysis and cross-matching.
- the collection set 76 provides the flexibility to provide a red blood cell product suitable for long term storage, which is either non-leukocyte reduced or leukocyte reduced before storage.
- the utility function FI makes continuous calculations of the platelet separation efficiency ( ⁇ Plc ) of the system 10.
- the utility function FI treats the platelet separation efficiency ⁇ Ptl as being the same as the ratio of plasma volume separated from the donor's whole blood relative to the total plasma volume available in the whole blood.
- the utility function FI thereby assumes that every platelet in the plasma volume separated from the donor's whole blood will be harvested.
- ⁇ Vol Proc is the incremental whole blood volume being processed
- ACDil is an anticoagulant dilution factor for the incremental whole blood volume, computed as follows:
- AC is the selected ratio of whole blood volume to anticoagulant volume (for example 10:1 or "10") .
- AC may comprise a fixed value during the processing period. Alternatively, AC may be varied in a staged fashion according to prescribed criteria during the processing period.
- AC can be set at the outset of processing at a lesser ratio for a set initial period of time, and then increased in steps after subsequent time periods; for example, AC can be set at 6:1 for the first minute of processing, then raised to 8:1 for the next 2.5 to 3 minutes; and finally raised to the processing level of 10:1.
- the introduction of anticoagulant can also staged by monitoring the inlet pressure of PRP entering the second processing stage 32.
- AC can be set at 6:1 until the initial pressure (e.g. at 500 mmHg) falls to a set threshold level (e.g. , 200 mmHg to 300 mmHg) .
- AC can then be raised in steps up to the processing level of 10:1, while monitoring the pressure to assure it remains at the desired level .
- the utility function FI also makes continuous estimates of the donor's current circulating platelet count (Plt circ ) , expressed in terms of 1000 platelets per microliter ( ⁇ l) of plasma volume (or k/ ⁇ l) . Like ⁇ P , Plt c . rc will change during processing due to the effects of dilution and depletion.
- the utility function FI incrementally monitors the platelet yield in increments, too, by multiplying each incremental cleared plasma volume ⁇ ClrVol (based upon an instantaneous calculation of ⁇ Plt ) by an instantaneous estimation of the circulating platelet count Plt C ⁇ r .
- Yld 01d is the last calculated Yld Curren - .
- Plt Current is the current (instantaneous) estimate of the circulating platelet count of the donor.
- ⁇ Yld is divided by 100,000 in Eq (4) to balance units .
- the utility function FI derives ⁇ lscSep continuously over the course of a procedure based upon measured and empirical processing values, using the following expression:
- Q b is the measured whole blood flow rate (in ml/min)
- Q p is the measured PRP flow rate (in ml/min) .
- H b is the apparent hematocrit of the anticoagulated whole blood entering the first stage separation compartment.
- H b is a value derived by the utility based upon sensed flow conditions and theoretical considerations. The utility function FI therefore requires no on-line hematocrit sensor to measure actual WB hematocrit .
- the utility function FI derives H b based upon the following relationship:
- H rbc is the apparent hematocrit of the RBC bed within the first stage separation chamber, based upon sensed operating conditions and the physical dimensions of the first stage separation chamber.
- the utility function FI requires no physical sensor to determine H rbc , which is derived by the utility function according to the following expression:
- q b is inlet blood flow rate (cm 3 /sec) , which is a known quantity which, when converted to ml/min, corresponds with Q b in Eq (6) .
- q p is measured PRP flow rate (in cm 3 /sec) , which is a known quantity which, when converted to ml/min corresponds with Q p in Eq (6) .
- ⁇ is a shear rate dependent term
- S ⁇ is the red blood cell sedimentation coefficient (sec) .
- A is the area of the separation chamber (cm 2 ) , which is a known dimension.
- g is the centrifugal acceleration (cm/sec 2 ) , which is the radius of the first separation chamber (a known dimension) multiplied by the rate of rotation squared ⁇ 2 (rad/sec 2 ) (another known quantity) .
- Eq (8) is derived from the relationships expressed in the following Eq (10) :
- the utility function FI also derives ⁇ 2ndseP continuously over the course of a procedure based upon an algorithm, derived from computer modeling, that calculates what fraction of log-normally distributed platelets will be collected in the second separation stage 32 as a function of their size (mean platelet volume, or MPV) , the flow rate (Q p ) , area (A) of the separation stage 32, and centrifugal acceleration (g, which is the spin radius of the second stage multiplied by the rate of rotation squared ⁇ 2 ) .
- MPV mean platelet volume
- MPV is the mean platelet volume (femtoliters, fl, or cubic microns) , which can be measured by conventional techniques from a sample of the donor's blood collected before processing.
- the utility function therefore may include a look up table to standardize MPV for use by the function according to the type of counter used.
- Ancillary Separation Efficiencies ⁇ __- c ⁇ - takes into account the efficiency (in terms of platelet loss) of other portions of the processing system.
- Anc takes into account the efficiency of transporting platelets (in PRP) from the first stage chamber to the second stage chamber; the efficiency of transporting platelets (also in PRP) through the leukocyte removal filter; the efficiency of resuspension and transferral of platelets (in PC) from the second stage chamber after processing; and the efficiency of reprocessing previously processed blood in either a single needle or a double needle configuration.
- the utility function Fl relies upon a kinetic model to predict the donor's current circulating platelet count Plt C ⁇ rc during processing.
- the model estimates the donor's blood volume, and then estimates the effects of dilution and depletion during processing, to derive Plt c . rc , according to the following relationships:
- Plt pre is the donor's circulating platelet count before processing begins (k/ ⁇ l) , which can be measured by conventional techniques from a sample of whole blood taken from the donor before processing.
- Plt pre can be variations in Plt pre due to use of different counters (see, e.g.,
- the utility function therefore may include a look up table to standardize all platelet counts (such as, Plt pre and Pltpost, described later) for use by the function according to the type of counter used.
- Dilution is a factor that reduces the donor's preprocessing circulating platelet count Plt pre due to increases in the donor's apparent circulating blood volume caused by the priming volume of the system and the delivery of anticoagulant. Dilu tion also takes into account the continuous removal of fluid from the vascular space by the kidneys during the procedure .
- Depletion is a factor that takes into account the depletion of the donor's available circulating platelet pool by processing. Depletion also takes into account the counter mobilization of the spleen in restoring platelets into the circulating blood volume during processing.
- Prime is the priming volume of the system (ml) .
- ACD is the volume of anticoagulant used (current or end-point, depending upon the time the derivation is made) (ml) .
- PPP is the volume of PPP collected (current or goal) (ml) .
- DonVol (ml) is the donor's blood volume based upon models that take into account the donor's height, weight, and sex. These models are further simplified using empirical data to plot blood volume against donor weight linearized through regression to the following, more streamlined expression:
- Wgt is the donor's weight (kg) .
- a first order model predicts that the donor's platelet count is reduced by the platelet yield (Yld) (current or goal) divided by the donor's circulating blood volume (DonVol), expressed as follows :
- Yld is the current instantaneous or goal platelet yield (k/ ⁇ l). In Eq (14), Yld is multiplied by 100,000 to balance units. Eq (14) does not take into account splenic mobilization of replacement platelets, which is called the splenic mobilization factor ( or Spl een) . Spleen indicates that donors with low platelets counts nevertheless have a large platelet reserve held in the spleen. During processing, as circulating platelets are withdrawn from the donor's blood, the spleen releases platelets it holds in reserve into the blood, thereby partially offsetting the drop in circulating platelets.
- Spl een splenic mobilization factor
- the inventor has discovered that, even though platelet precounts vary over a wide range among donors, the total available platelet volume remains remarkably constant among donors .
- An average apparent donor volume is 3.10 + 0.25 ml of platelets per liter of blood.
- the coefficient of variation is 8.1%, only slightly higher than the coefficient of variation in hematocrit seen in normal donors.
- the mobilization factor Spleen is derived from comparing actual measured depletion to Depl (Eq (14) ) , which is plotted and linearized as a function of Plt Pre .
- Spleen (which is restricted to a lower limit of 1) is set forth as follows:
- the operator will not always have a current platelet pre-count Plt Pre for every donor at the beginning of the procedure.
- the utility function Fl allows the system to launch under default parameters, or values from a previous procedure.
- the utility function Fl allows the actual platelet pre-count Plt Pre , to be entered by the operator later during the procedure.
- the utility function Fl recalculates platelet yields determined under one set of conditions to reflect the newly entered values.
- the utility function Fl uses the current yield to calculate an effective cleared volume and then uses that volume to calculate the new current yield, preserving the platelet pre-count dependent nature of splenic mobilization.
- ClrVol is the cleared plasma volume.
- DonVol is the donor's circulating blood volume, calculated according to Eq (13) .
- Yld ⁇ ,.-,.- is the current platelet yield calculated according to Eq (3) based upon current processing conditions .
- Prime is the blood- side priming volume (ml) .
- ACD is the volume of anticoagulant used (ml) .
- PPP is the volume of platelet-poor plasma collected (ml) .
- Pre 01d is the donor's platelet count before processing entered before processing begun (k/ ⁇ l) .
- Spleen 01d is the splenic mobilization factor calculated using Eq (16) based upon Pre 01d .
- the utility function Fl uses ClrVol calculated using Eq (17) to calculate the new current yield as follows:
- Pre New is the revised donor platelet pre-count entered during processing (k/ ⁇ l) .
- Yld New is the new platelet yield that takes into account the revised donor platelet pre-count Pre New .
- ClrVol is the cleared plasma volume, calculated according to Eq (17) .
- DonVol is the donor's circulating blood volume, calculated according to Eq (13) , same as in Eq (17) .
- Prime is the blood- side priming volume (ml) , same as in Eq (17) .
- ACD is the volume of anticoagulant used (ml) , same as in Eq (17) .
- PPP is the volume of platelet-poor plasma collected (ml) , same as in Eq (17) .
- Spleen Neu is the splenic mobilization factor calculated using Eq (15) based upon Pre New . D. Remaining Procedure Time
- the utility function F2 can also calculate remaining collection time (t rem ) (in min) as follows:
- Vb_ m is the remaining volume to be processed, calculated using Eq (19) based upon current processing conditions .
- Qb is the whole blood flow rate, which is either set by the user or otherwise derived by the controller 18.
- the utility function F2 adds the various plasma collection requirements to derive the plasma collection volume (PPP ⁇ .-) (in ml) as follows:
- PPP r Goal PPP PC+ PPP S B ource +PPP R D ei . ⁇ f f use + PPP W.,as ,te + PPP r C.ol l l l Ct h iam where : PPPp c i ⁇ tne platelet-poor plasma volume selected for the PC product, which can have a typical default value of 250 ml, or be otherwise calculated by the controller 18 based upon current processing conditions.
- PPP Sour _ e is the platelet-poor plasma volume selected for collection as source plasma.
- PPP Re ⁇ n£use is the platelet-poor plasma volume that will be reinfusion during processing.
- the utility function F2 calculates the plasma collection rate (Q PPP ) (in ml/min) as follows:
- ppp ooa i is tne desired platelet-poor plasma collection volume (ml) .
- PPP Curr . nt is the current volume of platelet-poor plasma collected (ml) .
- t rem is the time remaining in collection, calculated using Eq (19) based upon current processing conditions .
- the utility function F2 can also calculate the total volume of anticoagulant expected to be used during processing (ACD End ) (in ml) as follows:
- ACD Cu _ rent is the current volume of anticoagulant used (ml) .
- AC is the selected anticoagulant ratio
- Q b is the whole blood flow rate, which is either set by the user or otherwise calculated by the controller 18 based upon current processing conditions.
- t rem is the time remaining in collection, calculated using Eq (19) based upon current processing conditions.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00973481A EP1231978A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood |
CA002386040A CA2386040A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood |
JP2001531449A JP2003516175A (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automatic collection system and method for obtaining red blood cells, platelets and plasma from whole blood |
BR0014802-4A BR0014802A (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining whole blood red blood cells, platelets and plasma |
AU11984/01A AU1198401A (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US41974299A | 1999-10-16 | 1999-10-16 | |
US09/419,742 | 1999-10-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001028621A1 true WO2001028621A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
Family
ID=23663563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/028206 WO2001028621A1 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2000-10-12 | Automated collection systems and methods for obtaining red blood cells, platelets, and plasma from whole blood |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1231978A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003516175A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100478038C (en) |
AU (1) | AU1198401A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0014802A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2386040A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001028621A1 (en) |
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JP2005536293A (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2005-12-02 | ガンブロ インコーポレーテッド | Method and apparatus for blood component separation |
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JP4762503B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2011-08-31 | ヘモネティクス・コーポレーション | Apheresis equipment |
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- 2000-10-12 JP JP2001531449A patent/JP2003516175A/en active Pending
- 2000-10-12 CA CA002386040A patent/CA2386040A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-12 BR BR0014802-4A patent/BR0014802A/en active Search and Examination
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1407907A (en) | 2003-04-02 |
AU1198401A (en) | 2001-04-30 |
CA2386040A1 (en) | 2001-04-26 |
JP2003516175A (en) | 2003-05-13 |
BR0014802A (en) | 2003-11-11 |
CN100478038C (en) | 2009-04-15 |
EP1231978A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
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