WO2001047186A9 - Bandwidth management system - Google Patents
Bandwidth management systemInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001047186A9 WO2001047186A9 PCT/US2000/034901 US0034901W WO0147186A9 WO 2001047186 A9 WO2001047186 A9 WO 2001047186A9 US 0034901 W US0034901 W US 0034901W WO 0147186 A9 WO0147186 A9 WO 0147186A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- computer
- class
- bandwidth
- implemented method
- processing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/822—Collecting or measuring resource availability data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/15—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/20—Traffic policing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/22—Traffic shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2408—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting different services, e.g. a differentiated services [DiffServ] type of service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2425—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting services specification, e.g. SLA
- H04L47/2433—Allocation of priorities to traffic types
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2441—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS relying on flow classification, e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2458—Modification of priorities while in transit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
- H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
- H04L47/621—Individual queue per connection or flow, e.g. per VC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
- H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
- H04L47/622—Queue service order
- H04L47/623—Weighted service order
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/74—Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
- H04L47/745—Reaction in network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/74—Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
- H04L47/748—Negotiation of resources, e.g. modification of a request
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/781—Centralised allocation of resources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
- H04L47/805—QOS or priority aware
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to bandwidth management systems .
- Bandwidth management plays a critical part in traffic management of packet networks . Poor bandwidth management can result in congestion, packet loss, and application performance degradation and thus, affect the overall performance of a network.
- Bandwidth generally refers to the transmission capacity of a computer channel or communications line or bus, usually stated in bits per second (bps) .
- Bandwidth indicates the theoretical maximum capacity of a connection, but as the theoretical bandwidth is approached, negative factors such as transmission delay can cause deterioration in quality.
- a type of bandwidth management utilizes Class-Based Queuing (CBQ) .
- CBQ provides mechanisms to partition and share a link bandwidth using hierarchically structured classes.
- CBQ provides a methodology for classifying packets and queuing them according to criteria defined by an administrator to provide differential forwarding behavior for each traffic class. Packets are classified into a hierarchy of classes based on any combination of a set of matching criteria, such as IP address, protocol, and application type. Each class is assigned a bandwidth and a set of priorities.
- the invention features a method of managing bandwidth including receiving packets on an input port, classifying the packets in a classification engine, processing the packets in a processing engine, queuing the packets in a queuing engine, and scheduling the packets on an output port.
- the invention features a method of managing bandwidth including classifying network packets according to traffic types for placement in class queues, generating parent classes for each class, allocating parent bandwidths to the parent classes, assigning parent priorities to the parent classes, generating sub-parent classes for each parent class and providing a minimum bandwidth to the sub- parent classes.
- a policy manager may provide parameter input for processing and queuing. Parameters may include class bandwidth and class priority.
- the bandwidth management system enhances classification through hashing to avoid the cost of performing a linear search of class filters for each packet.
- the system proviles a mechanism to change the Type Of Service (TOS) value of all packets classified to a particular class to enable matching packets with underlying applications.
- TOS Type Of Service
- the system provides support for specifying a guaranteed minimum bandwidth for a class by making use of the hierarchical nature of class-based queuing (CBQ) classes.
- CBQ class-based queuing
- Admission control working in conjunction with minimum guaranteed bandwidth, provides a limit to the number of simultaneous flows in a class.
- the bandwidth management system enhances CBQ with TCP traffic shaping to enhance fairness among the TCP flows in a class, and to reduce the likelihood of the packets being dropped from the class queue.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a network.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a bandwidth management system of FIG. l.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a classification process residing in the bandwidth management system.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a processing system residing in the bandwidth management system.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a rate shaping process residing in the bandwidth management system.
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a session bandwidth process residing in the bandwidth management system.
- FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an admission control process residing in the bandwidth management system.
- a network 10 includes a local area network (LAN) 12 and a wide area network (WAN) 14 connected to a bandwidth management system 16.
- the bandwidth management system 16 processes network traffic originating from the LAN 12 and WAN 14. More specifically, the bandwidth management system 16 manages: LAN traffic destined for the LAN 12, LAN traffic destined to the WAN 14, and WAN traffic destined for the LAN 12.
- the bandwidth management system 16 (of FIG. 1) includes an input port 30 and an output port 32 connected to a bandwidth management engine 34. Network packets (not shown) arriving through the input port 30 enter a classification engine 36. Classified packets leave the classification engine 36 and enter a processing system 38.
- the bandwidth management system 16 may receive input from a policy manager 42.
- the policy manager 42 is an input device that is able to provide a bandwidth and a priority to the bandwidth management system 16. Receipt of a bandwidth and priority from the policy manager 42 automatically sets (1) class parameters utilized in the processing system 38 and the queuing engine 40, such as bandwidth, priority, burst, scheduling time, and (2) classification criteria utilized in the classification engine 36 (more fully described below) .
- the LAN 12 and WAN 14 of FIG. 1 have input and output ports .
- a classification process 50 residing in the classification engine 36 includes receiving 52 network packets. From each network packet, a 5-tuple is obtained 54. Each 5-tuple includes attributes found in network packets. Specifically, the 5-tuple is a combination of destination address, destination port, source address, source port and protocol. A hash function is applied 56 to generate a hash key k based on the 5-tuple. The k th list in the hash table is searched 57 for a hash entry that matches the packet's 5- tuple. A determination 58 is made whether such hash entry is found.
- the process 50 sequentially searches 60 the filter database for a match of the 5-tuple. A new hash entry is generated 62, containing the packet's 5-tuple and the class associated with the found filter, and the network packet assigned 64 to the found class. If a hash entry is found, the process 50 assigns 64 the packet to the class associated with the hash entry. Classified packets are routed 66 to the processing system 38 for further processing.
- Hash_table [key] includes a list of hash entries containing: the entry's source address (src) , source port (src_port) , destination address (dst) , destination port (des_port) , protocol, origin, and a class pointer.
- the hash entry search iterates on the Hash_table [key] list, searching for a hash entry that matches the packet's src, src_port, dst, dst_port, protocol, and origin. If there is a match, the class pointer of the matched hash entry points to the designated class for this packet. If there is no match, than it goes through the filter table looking for a match.
- the processing system 38 includes a rate shaping engine 80, a TOS engine 82, a session bandwidth engine 86, and an admission control engine 88. Not all packet processing needs all engines 80-88. Each of the engines 80-88 may be dynamically added or removed from the processing system 38 as user requirements change.
- a type of service (TOS) field in an IP network packet is used to set precedence for the packet.
- the TOS field is used by different types of applications, such as differentiated services and multi protocol label switching (MPLS) routers capable of mapping tiie differentiated services code point to MPLS labels . At present there is no consistent definition of TOS values among these applications.
- the TOS engine 82 provides a mechanism to change the TOS value of all packets classified to a particular class.
- the user of the TOS engine 82 has the ability to change the TOS value to match with any underlying application.
- a new TOS value and a mask are supplied to change specific bits in the TOS field. It is the responsibility of the user of the TOS engine 82 to match the TOS setting to suit his or her purposes.
- Transmission Control Protocol uses a sliding window flow-control mechanism to increase throughput over wide area networks.
- TCP allows the sender to transmit multiple packets before it stops and waits for an acknowledgment (ACK) .
- ACK acknowledgment
- the sender does not have to wait for an ACK each time a packet is sent .
- the sender then fills the pipe and waits for an ACK before sending more data.
- the receiver not only acknowledges that it got the data, but advertises how much data it can now handle, that is, it's window size. This is done using the Window field.
- the sender is then limited to sending no more than a value of Window bytes of unacknowledged data at any given time.
- the receiver sets a suitable value for the Window based on the amount of memory allocated to the connection for the purpose of buffering data.
- Queuing is important to network traffic management.
- Systems utilizing class-based queuing (CBQ) exhibit competition for bandwidth in each CBQ class.
- CBQ class-based queuing
- a connection can be "starved" by a large burst from other connections. Further, a large burst from a connection may also cause packets (from this or other connections) to be dropped from a class queue, which has a limited size.
- the processing system 38 enhances CBQ by including a TCP traffic shaping (also known as rate shaping) process in the TCP rate-shaping engine 80.
- TCP traffic shaping also known as rate shaping
- the TCP rate-shaping engine 80 minimizes the likelihood of packets being dropped from the class queue, and enhances fair allocation of the queue among multiple connections with different levels of burstiness. TCP rate shaping is applied to all TCP connections as a secondary means for bandwidth management .
- the TCP rate-shaping engine 80 reduces the size of the burst by reducing the advertised window size that is sent by the receiver in two ways depending on whether the class assigned to the packet may borrow.
- n is the number of concurrently active
- connection maximum segment size MSS
- D is obtained from running a weighted average of round trip time samples made throughout the lifetime of a TCP connection.
- the effective bandwidth for this class might exceed its class bandwidth. Therefore, if the TCP rate-shaping engine 80 reduces the window size according to the class bandwidth, it might potentially limit the borrowing ability of this class.
- the burst bandwidth of a class is the maximum amount of bandwidth this class can borrow.
- a rate shaping process 100 residing in the rate-shaping engine 80 includes receiving 102 a packet.
- n is the number of currently active connections
- D is the estimate of the round trip time of the
- CBQ general class base queuing
- a session bandwidth process 120 residing in the session bandwidth engine 86 includes classifying 122 a packet from a particular connection using filter lookup or hash lookup.
- a determination 124 is made whether the class has a guaranteed minimum bandwidth specified. If the class contains a guaranteed minimum bandwidth specification, a new class is generated 126 for the packet. The new class is said to be a child of the original class. Properties of the new class are inherited from the original class.
- the class bandwidth of the new class is set 128 to the guaranteed bandwidth of the original class.
- a filter specifically matching the connection's 5-tuple (a destination address, a destination port, source address, source port) is generated 130 so that subsequent packets from this connection will match this filter instead of the original class filter.
- CBQ Since the dynamically generated class would only contain, at most, one connection, CBQ would guarantee this class to have at least its class bandwidth, or the specified guaranteed bandwidth.
- the dynamic class is also said to borrow from its parent (the original class) . This means the connection of the dynamic class can use excess bandwidth of its parent class .
- the processing system 38 includes the admission control engine 88.
- Admission Control broadly refers to a policy decision applied initially to requests for controlling the admission of network traffic from outside a given administrative domain. Admission control in the admission control engine 88 is enabled using an "admission" directive in a class specification. The types of admission control directives are "squeeze,” “deny” or “drop.” When the (n+l) h connection arrives and the class has no sufficient bandwidth left to guarantee the minimum bandwidth, then admission control engine 82 activates. If the admission directive is squeeze, the connection is re-classified to match the "default" class of general Class-Based Queuing (CBQ) . If the admission directive is drop, the packets from this connection are silently dropped.
- CBQ Class-Based Queuing
- the admission control engine 88 If the admission directive is deny, and the connection is a TCP connection, the admission control engine 88 generates a TCP reset packet as a reply for the connection request SYN packet. If the connection has to be denied and the protocol used is not TCP then this connection is silently dropped.
- an admission control process 150 residing in the admission control engine 88 includes receiving 152 a connection.
- a determination 154 of the class of the connection is made.
- a determination 156 is made as to whether there is sufficient bandwidth for the class to guarantee a minimum bandwidth. If there is sufficient bandwidth, the packet is placed 158 in the CBQ queue, following the session bandwidth process 120 (of FIG. 6) . If there is not sufficient bandwidth to guarantee minimum bandwidth, a determination 160 is made as to whether the admission directive is squeeze. If the admission directive is squeeze, the packet is reclassified 162 to default class and placed in the CBQ queue through the session bandwidth module.
- a determination 164 is made as to whether the admission directive is drop or if the traffic is non-TCP.
- the admission directive is a drop or the Traffic is non-TCP
- the connection is dropped 166.
- a determination 168 is made on whether or not the admission directive is deny, the connection is a TCP connection, and the packet is a connection request (SYN) packet 168. If so, a TCP reset packet is generated 170.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU27328/01A AU2732801A (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-21 | Bandwidth management system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17132199P | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | |
US60/171,321 | 1999-12-21 | ||
US09/612,635 US7010611B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-07-07 | Bandwidth management system with multiple processing engines |
US09/612,635 | 2000-07-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001047186A2 WO2001047186A2 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
WO2001047186A3 WO2001047186A3 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
WO2001047186A9 true WO2001047186A9 (en) | 2002-05-23 |
Family
ID=26866967
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2000/034901 WO2001047186A2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 2000-12-21 | Bandwidth management system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7010611B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2732801A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001047186A2 (en) |
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US4445116A (en) | 1982-03-05 | 1984-04-24 | Burroughs Corporation | Method for allocating bandwidth between stations in a local area network |
JPH11510004A (en) | 1995-07-19 | 1999-08-31 | フジツウ ネットワーク コミュニケーションズ,インコーポレイテッド | Point-to-multipoint transmission using subqueues |
US5917822A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1999-06-29 | Xerox Corporation | Method for providing integrated packet services over a shared-media network |
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US5802106A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1998-09-01 | Packeteer, Inc. | Method for rapid data rate detection in a packet communication environment without data rate supervision |
US6046980A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 2000-04-04 | Packeteer, Inc. | System for managing flow bandwidth utilization at network, transport and application layers in store and forward network |
US6538989B1 (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 2003-03-25 | British Telecommunications Public Limited Company | Packet network |
US6018516A (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2000-01-25 | Packeteer, Inc. | Method for minimizing unneeded retransmission of packets in a packet communication environment supporting a plurality of data link rates |
US6078953A (en) * | 1997-12-29 | 2000-06-20 | Ukiah Software, Inc. | System and method for monitoring quality of service over network |
GB2336449A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-20 | Ibm | A server selection method in an asynchronous client-server computer system |
US6353616B1 (en) * | 1998-05-21 | 2002-03-05 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Adaptive processor schedulor and method for reservation protocol message processing |
US6519636B2 (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2003-02-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Efficient classification, manipulation, and control of network transmissions by associating network flows with rule based functions |
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AU2732801A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
US7010611B1 (en) | 2006-03-07 |
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