WO2001055552A1

WO2001055552A1 - An oil pumping unit with a counterweight whose centroid can be adjusted

Info

Publication number: WO2001055552A1
Application number: PCT/CN2001/000005
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pucheng Wang; Jia Wang
Original assignee: Pucheng Wang; Jia Wang
Priority date: 2000-01-06
Filing date: 2001-01-03
Publication date: 2001-08-02

Abstract

This invention relates to an oil pumping unit with a counterweight whose centroid can be adjusted comprising: a power supply (1), a belt transmission mechanism (3), a speed reducer (4), a crank (5), a connecting rod (6), a cross beam (10), a curved walking beam (8), a horsehead (9), a cable hanger (11), a post (14), a base (2) and a counterweight (15), characterized that the centroid of the counterweight (15) can be adjusted. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the counterweight (15) comprises at least two linking bars (22) in the front of the counterweight (15). The centroid of the counterweight (15) can be easily adjusted by attached one of the linking bars (22) in the front of the counterweight to the different hooks (23.1) on the end of the curved walking beam (8).

Description

Required center-of-mass balanced beam pumping unit

1 technical field

The invention relates to a lower balanced beam pumping unit used in an oil field.

2 Background of the Invention

High-efficiency energy-saving rod pumping unit that has obtained national invention patents (patent number: 92115106. 3, authorization date: 99. 2. 10), and a balanced-arm two-stage balanced beam pumping unit that has obtained national utility model patents ( Patent number: 96201421. 4, Authorization announcement date: 98. 8. 26), all belong to the lower balance beam pumping unit. Their disadvantages are: the lower distance H of the lower balance mass cannot be adjusted according to the actual requirements, and the size of H cannot be measured during the on-site adjustment. Therefore, H cannot be specified as the value that actually needs to be specified, and it cannot reach the maximum value. Good balance

3 Brief description of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a lower balanced beam pumping unit that can set the center of mass down distance H at an optimal position according to the actual requirements of the well conditions and pumping unit operating conditions.

The purpose of this invention is achieved by the technical solution of "prescribed centroid-centered balance beam pumping unit". This technical solution is improved on the basis of the patented technology of high-efficiency energy-saving rod pumping unit and balanced-arm two-stage balanced beam pumping unit. It mainly consists of: adopting the lower beam balance with a specified center of mass structure Boxes / blocks are described as follows: A type of under-centered balanced beam pumping unit, including power machine 1: belt drive 3; reducer 4; crank 5; connecting rod 6; cross beam and cross beam bearing block 10; integrated or combined Curved beam '8; beam support 7; sheet or wheel donkey head 9 and rope hanger 11 hanging on the donkey head; brake device 12; bracket 14; chassis 2 and impact bearing device 13 mounted on the chassis And a lower balance beam device connected at the tail end of the curved beam, which can also have a conventional balance, which is characterized in that: the lower balance beam device is a hinged hanging beam end with a specified center of mass structure Lower balance box / block.

Since the lower beam balance has a structure with a specified center of mass, the centroid of the lower beam balance box / block can be specified at the best when the pumping unit is installed or before the installation, based on the calculated data according to the working conditions and well conditions. Position, that is, H will decay to the specified optimal value to obtain the best balance effect. Because the structure of the lower balance box / block center of gravity of the beam is very simple, compared with the conventional beam pumping unit and the existing lower beam beam pumping unit, the pumping unit of the present invention has both simple structure and convenient assembly and disassembly. The energy saving effect has significant advantages, specifically: simple and reliable structure, low cost and convenient maintenance and disassembly are better than conventional beam pumping units: the performance is better than the existing lower balanced beam pumping units.

4 Brief description of the drawings

The present invention provides numerous embodiments, which are described in detail through the following examples and drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment.

Figure 5 shows one of the solutions of the active mass centering block.

Figure 6 is the second scheme of the active mass centering block.

Confirm this Figure 7 is the third scheme of the active mass centering block.

Figure 8 is the fourth scheme of the active mass centering block.

Figure 9 is the fifth scheme of the active mass centering block.

Figure 10 is the sixth scheme of the active mass centering block.

Fig. 11 is the seventh scheme of the active mass centering block.

Figure 12 shows the eighth solution of the center-of-mass positioning block.

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the fifth embodiment.

Fig. 14 shows one embodiment of the telescopic shaft.

Figure 15 is the second embodiment of the telescopic shaft.

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth embodiment.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of an angle adjusting device.

Figure 18 is one of the structural schemes of the frame type balance box.

Figure 19 is the second structural scheme of the frame type balance box.

Figure 20 is the third structural solution of the frame type balance box.

Figure 21 is the fourth structural scheme of the frame type balance box.

Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a triangular crank.

Figure 23 shows the balance of the pendulum.

Figure 24 is a simplified diagram of the movement of the lower balanced beam pumping unit.

Figure 25 is a simplified diagram of the beam composite pumping unit.

Fig. 26 is a comparison chart of the crank torque of the type test of the machine and the conventional machine.

Figure 27 compares the crank torque of the pumping operation between this machine and the conventional machine.

5 preferred embodiments of the present invention

In the picture: 1-power machine, 2-chassis, 3-belt transmission, 4-reducer, 5-crank, 6-link, 7-travel support, 8-travel or curved travel, 8. 1- Balance arm, 9-donkey head, 10-beam and beam bearing block, 11-rope suspension, 12-brake, 13-impact device 14-upper bracket, 15-lower balance box, 16-upper balance box, 17- Upright, 17. 1-cross bar, 17. 2-reinforcing plate, 18-partition, 19; 22-hanging shaft, 20; 21-lifting lug, 23-hanging seat, 23. 1-U-shaped hook, 24; 24. 1-by R, 25-wedge groove seat, 26-straight groove seat, 26. 1 one bolt, 27-scale, 28-hanging / hinge shaft, 29-balance box / block, 30-adjustment block, 30 1-connecting plate, 30. 2-multi-tooth unloading cover plate, 31-hanging plate or boom, 32-rectangular bearing seat, or middle rectangular shaft section integrated with the hanging / hinging shaft, 33-pad , 34-bolt, 35-nut, 36-rectangular slot, 37-rectangular slot, 38-rectangular or trapezoidal convex tooth, 39-rectangular or trapezoidal slot, 40-telescoping rod, 41-telescoping rod, 42-screw, 43 -Nuts, 44-Bars, 45-Booms, 46-Hearts, 47-Sleeves, 48-Square or round tubes with right-handed nuts, 49- Square or round tube with left-handed nut, 50-double-headed left-handed right-handed screw, 51-floor, 52-hook U-shaped groove, 53-maze U-shaped groove, 54-hook rectangular groove, 55-down Bracket, 56-bracket, 57-auxiliary upper and lower boxes, 58-wall shelf, 59-shelf, 60-angle adjustment stand, 61-angle adjustment piece, 62-integral balance box, 63-frame column, 64- Frame bottom plate, 65-frame top plate, 66-frame, 67-gasket, 68-auxiliary balance box.

(^ Swing center of beam, 0O "A straight line parallel to the beam through 0 point is called the beam action line, G—the center of mass or balance of the lower mass Use the center of mass, L-centroid or action center of mass G followed by the distance, H --- distance of center of mass or action center of mass G below, FF-center line or symmetry plane of the balance box, perpendicular to the beam line of action, KK; JJ- The heavy vertical line when the balance box is lifted at point K or J, R—the crank length, S—the distance from the swing center of the beam to the center of the beam bearing, Θ—the crank angle, counted from the droop line, the clockwise direction is positive, φ -You beam swing angle, counting from the horizontal line pointing to the donkey's head, the clockwise direction is positive.

Embodiment 1. Referring to FIG. 1, this is one of the basic modes for specifying a balanced beam pumping unit under the center of mass. Its basic structure is the same as that of the existing lower balance beam pumping unit: After the power machine 1 is decelerated by the belt transmission 3 and the reducer 4, the cranks 5 installed at both ends of the reducer output shaft are driven to rotate, and then the connecting rod 6 and Crossbeam and crossbeam bearing block 10, which drives the curved beam 8 to swing up and down around the center 0 of the beam. The donkey head mounted on the front end of the curved beam synchronously swings, and the rope hanger hanging on the donkey head is connected with the sucker rod. The up and down movement completes the pumping work. The main feature of this embodiment is: a lower beam balancing device with a predetermined center of mass structure is a lower beam balancing with a predetermined center of mass hanging on the tail end of a curved beam The box specifies that the centroid structure includes two parts: one is to modulate the centroid structure, and the other is to determine the centroid structure.

Modified center-of-mass structure adopts a frame structure floor balance box. One frame is welded with three to four uprights 17 to form a frame. The frame connects the upper balance box 16 and the lower balance box 15 to have two symmetrical planes. As a whole, one symmetry plane coincides with the whole machine symmetry plane, and the other symmetry plane FF is perpendicular to the beam action line 00; and the upper balance box 16 and the lower balance box 15 are each provided with at least one horizontal shelf 18 on the upper side, and the upper The side or bottom of the balance box 16 and the lower balance box 15 are provided with a simple structure of a weight-removing door, for example, opening a hole; the opening and closing of the hole is controlled by a plug board. Increasing or decreasing the number of weights in the upper balance box 16 and the lower balance box 15 can make the center of mass G move along FF to achieve the purpose of adjusting the distance H under the center of mass. The heavy-duty door is used to unbalance the mass. The partition 18 is used to prevent the weight in the balance box from rolling during the operation of the pumping unit.

The measurement center of mass structure is the hanging shaft of the floor balance box. The scale structure and the containment structure. The hanging shaft and the scale structure are: The front and rear sides of the floor balance box are provided with hanging shafts 19 and 22. There are a pair of lifting ears 20 and 21, and hanging shafts 19 and 22 are worn in the lifting ears; or holes 19 and 22 are directly worn on the posts 17; the hanging shafts 19 and 22 can also be welded or bolted to the posts In the center of the hanging shaft, a groove for suspending the wire rope is made. The front and rear hanging shafts are staggered by a distance in the height direction of the floor balance box. The floor balance box is hinged / hanged on the hanging end of the bending beam 23 through the hanging shaft. Or hook on 23.1. In addition, at the left / right side center line FF of the floor balance box, a scale 27 is set from the beam action line. The containment structure is that the distance between the two vertical columns 17 on the front side of the building balance box in the vertical direction of the plane of symmetry of the whole machine is greater than the width of the tail end of the bending beam, so that when measuring the center of mass of the balancing device, the tail end of the bending beam can extend into the column. Neutral; At the same time, a bolt 24 is provided between the column 17 and the tail end of the bending beam. The floor balance box is fixed to the tail end of the bending beam by the bolt when the pumping unit is in operation. When the balance is adjusted, the bolt is removed or exited. The floor balance box is in a free dumpling hanging state. There are various installation methods for the latch, and this embodiment adopts a wedge lifting structure: the inside of the balance box is fixed with a pair of straight slot seats 26 which are opened upward, and the straight slot is provided with the latch 24, and the bottom bolt 26 of the straight slot seat is rotated. 1 Or drive a wedge between the latch 24 and the bottom surface of the straight slot seat, and squeeze the latch 24 upward into the wedge slot of the wedge slot seat 25. The wedge slot seat 25 is integrated with the tail end of the bending beam and opens downward. The lower half of the cross section of the latch 24 is rectangular, and the upper half is wedge-shaped. It can also be connected by the bolt: the bolt 24 is placed in the groove of the straight groove seat 26, and it is firmly connected with the tail end of the bending beam by bolts. A hook head structure can also be used. The tail end of the bending beam has a hook head that opens upward. A hook bolt 24 is placed in the hook head. The front side of the balance box of the pumping unit works against the bolt when the pumping unit is working. Bolts can also be used Connect them together. When the hanging shaft 19 or 22 is lifted, the heavy vertical lines KK and JJ must pass through the center of mass G of the balancing device; the floor balance box is symmetrical about FF, and G is on FF, so KK; JJ; FF must meet G. There are two methods for determining G: one is to lift the floor balance box in the center of the hanging shaft 19 or 22, and the intersection point of the vertical line KK or JJ with the center of the hanging shaft and FF is the center of mass G; the other is The floor balance box is hinged on the hanging seat 23 or U-shaped hook 23.1 at the tail end of the bending beam through the hanging shaft 19 or 22, and the bolt 24 is removed or withdrawn, and the tail end of the bending beam extends into the column 17 In neutral, the floor balance box is in a free hanging state, and the intersection of the corresponding heavy vertical line and FF is the center of mass G. On the scale 27, the distance H below the center of mass of the building balance box can be read, and at the same time, it can be adjusted to meet the requirements by adjusting the position of the center of mass. The former method is used for preparation before installation; the latter method is used for fine adjustment or replacement of strokes and balance during stroke, without crane.

In this embodiment, a curved bending beam is used as a whole, and a combined curved beam formed by connecting a balance arm 8.1 to the bending beam may also be used.

实施例二。 Second embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2, this embodiment is compared with the first embodiment, and the main difference is that the specified center of mass structure is a multi-hanging shaft / hook balance box. The multi-hanging balance box is: The balance box 15 is made of an independent overall rectangular structure, and its front; at least three hanging shafts are arranged at different distances on the rear sides, and these hanging shafts are connected to the front and back sides of the balance box through lifting eyes 20; 21 1 ， Or directly through the holes on the left and right sides of the balance box, the balance box is hinged on one of these hanging shafts on the pedestal 23 or U-shaped hook 23.1 linked to the end of the bending beam. Lift the hanging shaft 19 or 22, corresponding to the heavy vertical line KK; JJ and the balance box symmetrical line FF meet at G, then the lower distance H of G can be read from the scale 27; the hanging shaft can be adjusted to change the center of mass G The lower distance H, H will increase or decrease according to the misalignment between the hanging shafts. When the pumping unit is in operation, the front side of the balance box is fastened to the tail end of the bending beam by the bolt 24. 1. The bolt can be integrated with the tail end of the bending beam and bolted to the balance box. It can also be used The connection mode is described in the first embodiment. The difference between a multi-hook balance box and a multi-hook balance box is: The hook is installed on the balance box, and the hanging shaft is installed at the end of the bending beam. '

Another feature of this embodiment is the use of a tower double-layer bracket structure: the entire bracket is formed by bolting the upper bracket 14 and the lower bracket 55, and the lower bracket 55 can be welded to the chassis as a whole or can be bolted together; The bracket 14 is designed as an integral steel structure or an assembled triangular brace similar to the existing structure and is bolted to the lower bracket. The advantage of this bracket structure is that the whole machine has good rigidity and is easy to transport. Both the present invention and the conventional beam pumping unit widely used now can adopt such a bracket structure.

The first embodiment may also adopt the multi-hanging shaft / hook structure and the tower double-layer support structure described herein.

Embodiment 3. Referring to FIG. 3, it is different from the second embodiment in that: the upper part of the balance box 15 uses two columns 17, an upper welding cross bar 17.1, and a side welding reinforcing plate 17.2, extending a hanging back; four columns can also be used A top plate is added on top, and a frame structure is extended on the upper part of the balance box; at least three hanging shafts 22 are arranged on the posts constituting the hanging back or the frame structure, and these hanging shafts pass through the holes of the column 17 or are welded or bolted to the columns 17 can also be mounted on the front side of the column through the lifting ears. Of course, the hanging shaft can also be installed at the tail end of the curved beam, and the post constituting the hanging back or the frame structure is provided with a hook.

Embodiment 4. Referring to FIG. 4, this is the second basic mode of specifying a center-center underbalanced beam pumping unit, which is different from the foregoing embodiment in that a free hinge structure is adopted at the lower end of the balance box / block and the end of the beam. Provided that the center of mass structure adopts an adjustment block, balance box / block hinge system, an adjustment block 30 directly or through a connecting plate 30. 1 is connected to the tail end of the curved beam 8 or integrated with it, the balance box / block 29 Two symmetrical suspenders or suspenders 31 are extended upward. At the position shown in the figure, the alignment block 30 and the symmetric line of the suspender 31 coincide. On this symmetric line FF, the aligner 30 and the suspender 31 are made with Equal number of holes with equal spacing. The hanging / hinging shaft 28 penetrates into a certain hole in the hole system, and the balance box / block 29 is freely hinged at this hole position with the adjustment block 30. The center G of the hole position is the hinge point; because the entire weight of the balance box / block Must act on the beam through the hinge point G, the actual center of mass will not work, its balance effect and the entire weight of the balance box / block are all set The hinge point G is the same at middle, so the hinge point G is called the active center of mass of the lower balance device, and L and H are the rear and lower distances of G, respectively. The hanging / hinging shaft 28 is worn in different holes, and the same balance box / block has different H; it is also possible to make multiple rows of hole systems on the adjustment block 30, and adjust H and L at the same time. If there are two hanging / hinging shafts 28, put on the hanging / hinging shaft according to the specified center of mass position, and then remove the previous hanging / hinging shaft, the adjustment work will be very convenient.

There are various embodiments of the positioning block, and some examples are shown in Figs. 5 to 12.

Figure 5 is a hook-shaped U-shaped groove hinge structure: the right side of the adjustment block 30 is connected with the connecting plate 30. 1 with the end of the bending beam firmly or bolted, the left side is made At least three hook-shaped U-shaped grooves 52, the balance box is hinged in the hook-shaped U-shaped groove: The left and right sides of the balance box 29 extend upward from the hanging plate 31, and the two hanging plates are provided with concentric circular holes at the top, and the holes are provided with In the bearing, the hanging / hinging shaft 28 is penetrated in the bearing and fixed relatively axially, and the middle shaft section is placed in the hook-shaped U-shaped groove. The center of the bottom half circle of the hook-shaped U-shaped groove is the center of mass for balancing the mass. Because there are at least three hook-shaped U-shaped grooves, there are at least three lower distances H to choose from to suit the balance of the three strokes of the pumping unit. Claim.

The hook-shaped U-shaped groove can also be changed to a hook that is hinged to the end of the curved beam or the positioning plate. The inside of the hook can be U-shaped or rectangular. At this time, the hook and the positioning block or swim The hinge point at the end of the beam is the acting center of mass. This structure can be called a hook-balance box / block hinge system.

FIG. 6 is a labyrinth U-shaped groove hinge structure: It is different from FIG. 5 in that the positioning block 30 is provided with multiple rows of lateral channels, and each row of channels hangs multiple U-shaped grooves, which is called a labyrinth U-shape The slot 53 and the entrance of each channel are sealed with a multi-tooth unloading cover plate 30.2, and the multi-tooth unloading cover plate is bolted to the positioning block. The positioning block adopts this scheme, and both the rear distance L and the lower distance H acting on the center of mass G are adjustable.

Figure 7 is a rectangular slot hinge structure: 'The positioning block 30 is provided with at least three rectangular slots 36, and the hanging / hinging shaft 28 is hung / hinged in the rectangular slot through the suspension rod 31 and the adjusting block 30. There are two ways of hanging / hinging. (1) The middle section of the hanging / hinging shaft 28 is hinged with a rectangular bearing housing 32, which is placed in the rectangular groove of the adjusting block, and the upper end of the boom 31 is a looper. At both ends of the hanging / hinging shaft 28, the lower ends are connected to the shaft head loopers connected to the left and right sides of the balance box / block 29, and are axially fixed. (2) The upper end of the suspender 31 and the two ends of the hanging / hinging shaft 28 are hinged through bearings. The middle of the hanging / hinging shaft 28 is a rectangular shaft section 32, which is placed in a rectangular groove of the positioning block 30. The rectangular groove of the positioning block 30 is sealed with a toothed unloading cover 30.2. The center of the rectangular bearing block or the middle rectangular shaft section 32 integrated with the hanging / hinge shaft is the center of mass of the balancing device, and the distance from the beam action line 00 is its lower distance H.

FIG. 8 is a hook-shaped rectangular slot hinge structure. The difference from FIG. 7 is that the rectangular slot on the positioning block 30 is changed to a hook-shaped rectangular slot 54. The positioning block adopts this scheme, and the loading and unloading operations will be as convenient as in Figure 5.

FIG. 9 is a long-slot hinge structure, which is different from the rectangular-slot hinge structure of FIG. 7 in that: (1) the plurality of rectangular grooves on the positioning block are changed to rectangular long grooves 37 which are open or not open, The upper end of the open long slot is pulled with bolts 34 and nuts 35 to enhance the strength of the positioning block and to clamp the hanging / hinge shaft or rectangular outline bearing seat. (2) A rectangular bearing or a middle rectangular shaft section 32 integrated with the hanging / hinging shaft 28 is placed in the long groove, and a pad 33 of varying thickness is placed at the bottom of the long groove to adjust the position of the acting center of mass. Distance from the bottom? The spacer 33 may further include a spacer with a U-shaped groove for placing a circular hanging / hinge shaft in a rectangular groove. The intermediate member 31 is a suspension plate or a suspension rod. The long groove is at least one or two or three parallel grooves.

Fig. 10 is a simple jack connected by a screw 42 and a nut 43. It can be used instead of the spacer at the bottom of the long groove in Fig. 9 to continuously adjust the lower distance H of the center of mass.

FIG. 11 is also a long-slot hinge structure, except that the long slot 37 on the positioning block 30 is closed or opened downward, and the top of the positioning block is provided with "Screw" tired mother mechanism, the upper end of the screw 44 is provided with a square head for rotation, and the lower end is connected to the rectangular bearing seat or the rectangular shaft section 32 in the axial direction of the screw; the balance box is hung on both sides of the rectangular bearing seat 32 through the suspension rod 45 Extend or extend from the rectangular shaft section 32 to both sides of the hanging / hinge shaft 28. This positioning block scheme can continuously adjust the lower distance H of the center of mass G, but prevent the screw nut from rusting.

FIG. 12 is a connection scheme between the positioning block 30 and the end of the bending beam: there is a connecting plate 30.1, which has rectangular or trapezoidal convex teeth 38, and the inside of the positioning block 30 has a corresponding rectangular or trapezoidal groove. 39 is engaged with it, and the upper part of the adjusting block 30 is fixedly connected with the connecting plate 30. 1 by bolts 34 and nuts 35, and the connecting plate is integrally connected with the tail end of the bending beam. With this connection scheme, the downward distance H of the acting center of mass can also be adjusted, and it can be used as the positioning scheme of the positioning block.

It must be pointed out that the positioning block 30 can be block-shaped, plate-shaped, strip-shaped or hollow structure. It can be connected to the end of the bending beam-an independent body: it can also be integrated with the end of the bending beam. At this time, the adjustment block can be regarded as the end of the bending beam. Holes and grooves are holes and grooves made at the end of the curved beam. The suspension rod 31 may be plate-shaped, rod-shaped, strip-shaped, or meaning-shaped, or both ends may be meaning-shaped.

Embodiment five. Referring to FIG. 13, this is the third of the basic modes of specifying the center-of-center balanced beam pumping unit. It is specified that the center-of-center structure of the under-balanced device adopts a triangular truss * balance box / block hinge / hanging system with a telescopic rod 40; 41 It is articulated with the beam 8 and the lower ends are articulated with each other to form an adjustable triangular truss-type curved beam. The balance box / block 29 is freely hinged / hanged directly or at a hinge point G on the lower part of the triangle truss directly or through a hanging rod / hook. G is the working center of mass of the lower balancing device. Because 40 and 41 are telescopic rods with adjustable length, G can be adjusted to any specified position within the design range according to actual requirements. The articulation points of the telescopic rods 40; 41 and the beam 8 are not necessarily in the position shown in FIG. 13, but can also be hinged with the beam in other positions, and the hinge support can be bolted to the upper, lower or tail end of the beam, And with an alignment structure. If the balance block 29 is made into a circle or a rectangle, the center of mass of the balance block 29 can also coincide with the hinge center and can be hung on the hinge axis G. The fourth embodiment can also do the same.

Figure 14 is one of the telescopic rod solutions: a sliding sleeve of a core tube 46 and a sleeve 47, the sleeve is provided with at least one circular hole, the core tube is made with a series of circular holes, and the screw 34 is inserted into the different holes of the sleeve and the core tube. Medium, that is, the length of the telescopic shaft can be adjusted, and this length can be read from the scale 27 engraved on the heart tube.

Figure 14 is the second solution of the telescopic rod: square or circular tubes 48, 49 with right-handed or left-handed nuts, and they are connected by a double-headed left-handed right-handed screw 50 to form another telescopic rod. The groove of the double-headed left-handed right-hand screw 50 is also engraved with a scale 27 indicating the length of the telescopic rod.

Embodiment 6. Referring to FIG. 16, this is the fourth of the basic modes for specifying a balanced beam pumping unit under the center of mass, which is characterized by using a swing method to adjust the distance under the center of mass of the balancing device H: The curved beam uses a balance arm 8.1. 8 tail combined structure, and angle adjustment device A installed at the abutment; At the same time, the tail end of the balance box 62 and the balance arm 8.1 also adopt a hanging structure, the same angle adjustment device B is installed at the abutment, adjusted The number of angle adjustment plates in A and B, but keeping the total number unchanged, can make the angle α between the balance arm 8.1 and the beam 8 change, and the angle P between the balance box 62 and the beam 8 is always constant to reach Modulate the purpose of Η. The angle devices A and B are enlarged as shown in FIG. 17. It is composed of a mounting bracket 60 and an angle adjusting piece 61. The arc surface of the mounting frame and the angle adjusting piece 61 have the same diameter d, and both are centered on the hinge axis. 0 is the center of the circle, and the adjustment elements in the angle adjustment devices A and B can also be replaced by an adjustment block, a pin, a screw jack, etc. without using an angle adjustment piece. The angle adjustment device B can also be installed on a special backrest bolt 24, which is called an angle adjustment backrest. At this time, the angle adjustment device A can be separately placed into the abutment of the balance arm 8.1 and the tail end of the beam 8, or it can be made. The angle adjustment is inserted by the latch. The balance box structure of the present invention has various forms, including an overall layered structure, a frame structure, a back hanging structure, a free hinge structure, and the like. The overall layered structure 62 (Fig. 16) is a balance box made into a whole. The interior can also be designed with a bracket 56 or a wall frame 58, and a shelf 59. It can also be seated on the overall balance box, connected to the lower part, or connected to an auxiliary, Under the box 57. The basic structure of the frame is shown in Figs. 18-21. Three or four equal-length posts 63 are used to connect the top plate 65 and the bottom plate 64 to form a frame 66. The upper part of the frame is connected to the upper box 16 (Figure 19) or the lower box 15 (Figure 19). 20), or an upper case and a lower case are connected at the same time (Figure 18), and the lower case can be connected to the lower case. The connection may be a commonly used bolt connection or a joint welding. The frame can also be equipped with a conventional auxiliary balance box 68 (Figure 21) by conventional means, and a conventional lifting or lifting device can be used to adjust the auxiliary balance. The position of the box is then fixed. The back-hanging structure (Figure 3) is a variant of the frame structure, which is used when there is no need to set up a box. The free-hinged structure is shown in Figures 4-13. The production requirements are high. From the end of the donkey's head, the balance box / block must be symmetrical to the left and right. Regardless of the structure, the lower part of the balance box / block can also be connected with multiple auxiliary lower boxes / blocks, and the top surface of the lowermost balance box / block is provided with a gasket 67 with a thickness of not less than 5-10 mm. The lower case is unloaded on the flushing device, and the gasket is removed. The pumping unit can operate normally without colliding with the top of the removed box. The removed gasket can be reset and the auxiliary lower case can be reattached to the balancing device. . This structure will help reduce the load on the motor during the initial installation and will be beneficial to operations such as "touching the pump".

The bracket of the pumping unit of the present invention may adopt a tower double-layer bracket structure or a conventional structure. The crank of the pumping unit of the present invention may adopt a straight crank or a triangular crank. FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a triangular crank, which is characterized in that a straight line connecting the centers of the crank pin holes and the center of the crank spindle hole is connected into a triangle.

According to the present invention, the embodiments of the centrifugal beam pumping unit under the center of gravity are all of the front structure, and the rear structure can also be adopted. As long as the hinge point of the connecting rod 6 and the beam 8 is set at the rear of the curved beam, the rear can be obtained. The center-mounted balanced beam pumping unit is installed under the specified center of mass. The present invention provides that the center-of-mass balance device can be used alone or mixed with the conventional balance method. Therefore, the present invention can also be used for energy-saving reconstruction of existing conventional beam pumping units, as long as it is a beam pumping unit, Both can be used in accordance with the provisions of the invention under the center of mass balance device.

Compared with domestic and overseas beam pumping units, the pumping unit of the present invention is in a leading position in all aspects: 1. The peak torque of the crankshaft is reduced by 30 to 60%; the power saving rate is 30 to 50%. 2. The structure of the whole machine is simple and reliable. 3. Easy installation and maintenance. 4, easy to adjust the balance, the balance rate can reach 98%. 5. The whole machine is light in weight, with a reduction of 30%. 6, Reduce manufacturing costs by 20%. 7. The mechanical condition of the machine is improved, the wearing parts are reduced, and the machine life is prolonged.

The following proves that the "prescribed centroid-centered balance" of the pumping unit of the present invention is an optimal balancing method.

(I) Pendulum balance can directly and completely balance the moment of inertia of the beam system

Imagine a balanced pendulum, of FIG. M _c 23, which is placed below the center of the swing beam 0, and through the center of mass made 0:00 sagging line beam, as a beam associated with one of the pendulum as , The pendulum length is the distance H from 0 point to the center of mass of m _c . It is easy to prove: The mass moment Mc generated by the pendulum mc can directly and completely balance the moment of inertia Mn of the beam system.

Suppose that the crank R rotates at a constant speed against the clock direction at an angular velocity ω, and its angular displacement Θ and the angular displacement Φ of the beam (ie, the rocker S) are positive against the clock direction. Relationship by projection:

T =-R cos θ + p cos δ-S sin * (1)

Because the swing angle δ of the connecting rod P is small, cos S l; At φ 30 °, the difference between Φ and sin * does not exceed 4. 72%, if let T = P, and omit the trace, from formula (1) Available:

Φ = sin t = ― (R / S) cos Θ Φ '= άΦ / άθ = (R / S) sin θ (2)

Φ "= d ² 4> / d9 ² = (R / S) cos θ

The inertia moment of the pumping unit will be generated by Q, mc of the beam system and the mass m (force arm L) of the beam and the moment of inertia J of the beam. Their moments to the swing center 0 of the beam are:

Mn = (Li ² Q + L ² m + H ² mc) · (R / S) ω ² · cos Θ (3)

The weight moment of the pendulum m _c to the swing center of the beam is:

G = H Hlc g · είηΦ =-H mc g · (R / S) cos Θ (4)

Mc— 0 and Mn— Θ are two inverse cosine curves. As long as the amplitudes are equal, there is Mn.

The pendulum can directly balance the moment of inertia of the beam system; at this time, H must meet the equation

H ^2- (g /. ² ) · H + (LrQ / mc + L mc + J / mc) = 0 (5)

solve

H = 0.5 {g / (J 2 - [g 2 / "4 - 4 (ϋ / Π ^ + LWmc + J / mc)] 05} (6)

H must be a real number, provided that

ω [o.25gV (Li ² Q / mc + L ² m / mc + j / mc)] ⁰²⁵ (7)

The number of strokes n of the pumping unit defined by condition (7), from 8 strokes of 6 meters long stroke to n 20 strokes of 1 meter short stroke, is sufficient to meet actual needs.

The combination of pendulum balance and any conventional balance method can fully balance the inertia force of the beam system within the beam, and obtain the best balance effect.

(2) Lower beam balance = beam balance + pendulum balance

The combination of the balance of the pendulum and the balance of the beam can generate a new kind of balance. The center of mass of the balanced mass is placed below the rear of the beam. During the operation of the pumping unit, the center of mass or the center of mass of the balanced mass has no relative movement with the beam. Like a rigid body. This new balance is called the "regular centroid under balance" (referred to as the under balance). In the prior art, there are also balancing methods that place the balance mass behind and behind the beam, but their center of mass / acting center of mass or regular relative movement to the beam as the pumping unit operates, or their center of mass / acting center of mass It is located on the center line of the beam and not below the beam. Therefore, the "under balance" mentioned here is substantially different from them.

The "under balance" mentioned here is a wonderful balance. The strange thing is that one under mass can be used as two masses: one at the end of the beam and the other at the mid-vertical line of the beam. Is a new two-level balance. Figure 25 is a simplified diagram of a beam balance pumping unit: The mass me placed at the tail end B of the beam is the traditional beam balance, and the mass m placed at C on the droop line of the beam past the swing center 0 _c is a pendulum balance like a single pendulum. It is easy to prove that as long as 0BGC is rectangular and = m _c = m, the mass m below the beam at G (Figure 24) is balanced with the beam (Figure 25). Equivalent.

Figure 24. The mass m of the center of mass on the walking beam 8 is located at G. The moment Mc generated by the swing center 0 of the walking beam in motion is composed of two parts. One part is the moment of gravity of m against 0, which is equal to the sagittal 0G and the gravity vector _mg. The vector product of i is OGXmgi (i is the unit vector pointing to the center of the earth); the other part is the moment of inertia force of m against 0 when the beam is swinging, which is equal to the vector product of the tangential inertial force of the vector diameter 0G and m Πΐρετ (ε Is the angular acceleration of the beam 8 and τ, T τ ₂ are unit tangential vectors perpendicular to 0G, 0B, 0C, respectively), so:

MG = 0G mgi + OGXmpET Because 0G = 0B + 0C,

, Got

MG = (0BXmgi + OBXmLsTi) + (0CXmgi + 0CXmHsT2)

Obviously, (OBXragi + OBXmLsTi) = MB and (0CXmgi + 0CXmH _e T ₂ ) = c, respectively, the center of mass on the beam 8 in Figure 25 is located at

The moments of the masses B, C of me = m and m _c = m, the moment of gravity and inertia force on the swing center 0 of the beam, that is, M _G = B + MC.

Conclusion: "Beam under beam balance" and "Composite balance of beam balance and pendulum balance" are dynamically equivalent; or "Beam under balance can be dynamically and equally decomposed into beam component balance and Pendulum component balance ".

(Three) the essence of the underlying balance-stored potential energy and kinetic energy

The balance beam component and pendulum component under the balance beam are used to balance the gravity load of the pumping unit suspension point and the inertia force of the balance beam system, respectively. Both of these balances are essentially the transfer and storage of mechanical energy inherent in pumping units:

The beam component is used to store the gravitational potential energy of the suspension mass Q: The crank can be lost from the top dead point (Q π) to the bottom dead point (Θ 0). Increase up to the maximum G _{1; the} crank goes from bottom dead center to top dead center, just the other way round. In this way, _{G →} Gi → G → G, ... repeatedly cycle, the position of Q can be transferred and stored without loss, thus achieving the purpose of energy saving. The condition that the bit can be completely stored is = G, g _:

The pendulum component is used to transfer and store the kinetic energy of the beam system: The kinetic energy of the beam system is 0 at the upper and lower dead points (θ ^ _π , 0), and the gravity position of the pendulum component can reach the maximum value G _{2; the} horizontal position of the beam (Θ = 90 °, 270 °), the kinetic energy of the traveling beam system reaches the maximum value E, the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum component is 0, and the kinetic energy of the traveling beam system is transferred to the pendulum from E → G2 → E → G2 …… The place can not be lost. The ideal state should have E = G, which can be inferred from the introduction formula (2)

H ^2- (Ε / ω ² ) · Η + (L ² + LLi + J / m) = 0 (9) Formula (9) is consistent with formula (5), substitute mc = m in formula (5) And mL-QLi, we can get formula (9), which proves the correctness of the "kinetic energy storage theory" again.

Suspension point load of the pumping unit mainly includes the weight of the pumping unit C and the weight of the lifted oil column Q ₂ , and the inertia force of QQ ₂ , followed by various factors (mainly friction, vibration and other factors) that prevent the movement of the sucker rod. The resistance F. Resistance work is always converted into heat and lost, and it is impossible to transfer and store it mechanically. The conventional crank balance and beam balance can transfer and store the C and Q _{2 positions} , but they cannot transfer and store their kinetic energy. Undoubtedly, the balance that allows Q ₂ ’s position energy and kinetic energy to be fully transferred in both the up and down strokes and stored without loss will be the best balance for energy saving effects to reach the ideal state. The regulation of the center of mass under the balance is the best Good balance. Figures 26 and 27 can be proved: Figure 26 is the crank torque curve during the type test under the same load, and Figure 27 is the limit of the crank torque curve under the optimal balance state during the pumping operation under the same well condition and the same stroke. ① A specified center-of-mass balance, and the strokes are the design strokes; (1—the conventional beam balance, the stroke is close to zero; ③ the conventional beam balance, the highest design stroke; ④—the corresponding inertia moment of ③. ① is close to ② and has nothing to do with the impulse, indicating that the inertia moment is completely balanced under the center of mass balance, and the peak value of ③ is much larger than ② and ③ ^ ② + ④, indicating that the conventional beam balance has no equilibrium inertia moment. Comparison of crank balance methods can have similar results.

Claims

Rights request

1. Under a prescribed centroid! : Balance beam pumping unit, including power machine: belt drive; reducer; crank; connecting rod; beam and beam bearing seat; integral or combined curved beam; beam support; sheet or wheel donkey head and hanging on Suspension device on donkey head: brake device a: bracket; chassis and impact bearing device; conventional balance device; and lower beam balance device connected at the tail end of curved beam, which is characterized in that: the beam is balanced below The device is a hinge, a lower balance box / block with a specified center of mass structure hanging at the end of a curved beam.

2. According to the requirements of claim 1, the center-of-center balanced beam pumping unit is characterized in that the specified center-of-mass structure includes a modulated center-of-mass structure and a measurement of the center-of-center structure: Three to four equal-length columns are welded with upper and lower base plates to form a frame. The upper / lower frame of the frame is separately or simultaneously connected with the upper factory F balance box to form an independent whole with two symmetrical planes. One symmetrical plane is symmetrical to the pumping unit. The surfaces are coincident, and the other symmetry plane is perpendicular to the action line of the beam: The centroid structure is determined by the hanging shaft / hook · ruler structure and containment structure of the building balance box—the hanging shaft / hook · ruler structure is: At least one hanging shaft / hook is installed on the front and rear sides, a hanging seat / hook or hanging shaft is installed at the end of the curved beam, and the left / right side of the floor balance box is provided with a line from the beam's action line. Ruler 27; The containment structure is: The distance between the two columns on the front side of the floor balance box in the vertical direction of the plane of symmetry of the whole machine is greater than the width of the end of the bending beam. The floor balance box is The beam ends lean against each other.

3. The E-balance beam pumping unit under the specified center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specified center of mass structure is a multi-hanging shaft / hook balance box: the balance box is made of a separate rectangular structure, or the upper part of the rectangular balance box is connected There are two uprights with crossbars to extend a hanging back, or four uprights with a top plate to extend a frame structure. The balance box or its extension is equipped with at least three hanging shafts / hooks at staggered distances; Then, a hanging seat, a hook or a hanging shaft is installed, and a hanging shaft / hook of the balance box is hinged on the hanging seat, a hook / hanging shaft at the rear of the bending beam, and is abutted against the tail end of the bending beam by a latch.

4. The lower center-center balanced beam pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specified center-of-centre structure is a positioning block, balance box / block hinge system-connected at the tail end of the curved beam or with the bend At least three circular holes are made on the adjustment block with the end of the beam as a whole: hook-shaped or labyrinth-shaped U-shaped holes, square holes or hook-shaped square holes, or at least one long groove, and the balance clamp / block passes through The hanging plate / hook or hook connected to it is freely hung in said hole or slot.

5. The lower center-center balanced beam pumping unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specified center-of-mass structure is a hook-balance box / block hinge system-the tail end of the swing beam or connected to the swing beam At the end of the adjustment block, at least three hooks are articulated, and the balance box / block is freely hung on the hook through the hanging plate / hanger.

6. The ffi balanced beam pumping unit under the specified center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specified center of mass structure uses a triangular truss "balance box / block hinge system-there are two telescopic rods, and their upper ends are hinged at The upper and lower ends of the beam are articulated to each other to form an adjustable triangular truss-type curved beam; the balance box / block is freely hinged directly or through a suspension / hook at the lower hinge point of the triangle frame.

7. The S-balance beam pumping unit under the center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combination of the balance arm 8.1 in the curved beam and the tail end of the beam 8 and the balance box 62 balance arm 8.1 The connection at the tail end adopts the same hanging and leaning structure: the upper part is hung, and the lower part is leaned by an angle adjusting device S. The angle adjusting device S is composed of a mounting bracket 60 and an angle adjusting element placed in the mounting bracket. The adjusting element The angle adjustment piece can be used, and the angle adjustment block, pin and jack can also be used.

8. According to the requirement of claim 1, under the centroid of balance: a balanced beam pumping unit, characterized in that the lower part of the balance box / block can also be connected with multiple balance boxes / blocks by bolts, and the top surface of the bottommost balance box / block is set There are washers 67 with a thickness of not less than T-5-10mm.

9. The S-balanced beam pumping unit under the center of mass according to claim 1, characterized by: adopting a tower double-layer bracket structure: the lower bracket 55 is connected to the chassis as a whole, and the upper bracket is designed as an integral steel structure or assembling Tripods are bolted to the lower bracket.

10. According to the requirements of claim 1, the center-of-center balanced beam pumping unit is characterized in that the center of the pin holes on the D-: crank is connected with the center of the crank main hole to form a triangle.

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