WO2001061160A1 - Procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement - Google Patents
Procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001061160A1 WO2001061160A1 PCT/JP2001/001099 JP0101099W WO0161160A1 WO 2001061160 A1 WO2001061160 A1 WO 2001061160A1 JP 0101099 W JP0101099 W JP 0101099W WO 0161160 A1 WO0161160 A1 WO 0161160A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fine particles
- amount
- exhaust gas
- particulate filter
- discharged
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
- F02D41/1467—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content with determination means using an estimation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification method.
- a particulate filter is disposed in an engine exhaust passage to remove fine particles contained in the exhaust gas, and the particulate filter in the exhaust gas is provided by the particulate filter. Particulates are once collected, and the particulates collected on the particulate filter are ignited and burned to regenerate the particulate filter.
- the fine particles collected on the patikilet filter do not ignite until the temperature reaches about 600 ° C or more, whereas the exhaust gas temperature of diesel engines is usually 600 ° C. Much lower than ° C. Therefore, it is difficult to ignite the fine particles collected on the particulate filter with the heat of the exhaust gas, and it is difficult to ignite the fine particles collected on the particulate filter with the heat of the exhaust gas. The ignition temperature of the particles must be lowered.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-106290 discloses a paticular filter in which a mixture of a platinum group metal and an alkaline earth metal oxide is supported on a particulate filter. This patiki The fine filter ignites the particles at a relatively low temperature of approximately 35 ° C to 400 ° C and then burns continuously.
- the above-mentioned particulate filter reduces the exhaust gas heat when the engine load increases. Thus, it seems that the particles can be ignited and burned.
- the fine particles may not ignite even when the exhaust gas temperature reaches 350 ° C. to 400 ° C., and even if the fine particles ignite, only some of the fine particles burn. A large amount of fine particles remain unburned.
- the deposited fine particles will ignite, but in this case, another problem will occur. That is, in this case, the deposited fine particles emit a bright flame when ignited and burn, and at this time, the temperature of the particulate filter is 800 ° C. for a long time until the combustion of the deposited fine particles is completed. It is maintained above C. However, if the particulate filter is exposed to a high temperature of 800 ° C. or more for a long period of time, the particulate filter deteriorates prematurely, and thus the particulate filter is deteriorated. The problem arises that the filter must be replaced with a new one early.
- the ash condenses into large lumps, and the lumps of ash cause clogging of the pores of the particulate filter.
- the number of clogged pores increases gradually over time, and thus the pressure drop of the exhaust gas flow in the particulate filter increases.
- the pressure loss of the exhaust gas flow becomes large, the output of the engine is reduced, and this also raises a problem that the particulate filter must be replaced with a new one at an early stage.
- the fine particles when the exhaust gas temperature becomes equal to or lower than 350 ° C., the fine particles are not ignited, and thus the fine particles accumulate on the particulate filter.
- the accumulation amount is small, the accumulated particulates will burn when the exhaust gas temperature changes from 350 ° C to 400 ° C, but if a large amount of particulates accumulate in a stack, the exhaust gas
- the temperature rises from 350 ° C to 400 ° C the deposited fine particles do not ignite, and even if ignited, some of the fine particles do not burn, leaving unburned residues.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying method capable of continuously oxidizing and removing fine particles in exhaust gas on a particulate filter.
- the removal child the N_ ⁇ x in the exhaust gas particulates in the exhaust gas can and child continuously removed by oxidation on the particulate Kiyu les over preparative filter and at the same time It is to provide a possible exhaust gas purification method.
- the oxygen when there is excess oxygen around the particulate filter for removing particulates in the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber, the oxygen is taken in, the oxygen is retained and the surrounding oxygen is retained.
- An active oxygen release agent that releases the retained oxygen in the form of active oxygen when the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas drops decreases, and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter is normally maintained as lean.
- particulate Leh occasionally temporarily active oxygen release ⁇ NO x absorbent when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is switched to the re Tutsi is switched to Li pitch while maintaining the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the preparative filter usually in rie down From the agent Together to promote oxidation reaction of the particulate on the emitted active oxygen by Ri particulate rate filter, it is reduced Nyu_
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of an internal combustion engine
- Figures 2A and 2B show the required torque of the engine
- Figures 3A and 3B show a particulate filter
- Figures 4A and 4B show the oxidizing action of particulates.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams for explaining the accumulation of fine particles
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation and the temperature of the particulate filter
- FIG. a, 7 B is a diagram showing the particulate removable by oxidation amount
- FIG 8 F from FIG. 8 a is showing a map of the particulate removable by oxidation amount G
- FIG. 9 a, 9 B is oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and NO x Figures showing concentration maps
- Figures 10A and 10B show the amount of discharged particulates
- Figure 11 is a flowchart for controlling engine operation
- Figure 12 is for explaining injection control.
- Figure 13 shows the amount of smoke generated
- Figures 14A and 14B show the gas temperature etc. in the combustion chamber
- Figure 15 shows the figure of the internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 16 is an overall view showing still another embodiment of the internal combustion engine
- FIG. 17 is an overall view showing still another embodiment of the internal combustion engine
- FIG. 18 is a further view of the internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 19 is an overall view showing still another embodiment of the internal combustion engine
- FIG. 19 is a view showing the accumulation concentration of fine particles, etc. from FIG. 2 OA to 20 C
- FIG. This is a flowchart for controlling operation.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is applied to a compression ignition type internal combustion engine.
- the present invention can also be applied to a spark ignition type internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 1 1 is the engine body
- 2 is the cylinder block
- 3 is the cylinder head
- 4 is the piston
- 5 is the combustion chamber
- 6 is the electrically controlled fuel injection valve
- 7 is the intake valve
- 8 is the intake port
- 9 is the exhaust valve
- 10 is the exhaust port — Show each
- the intake port 8 is connected to a surge tank 12 via a corresponding intake branch 11, and the surge tank 12 is connected to a compressor 15 of an exhaust turbocharger 14 via an intake duct 13.
- a throttle valve 17 driven by a step motor 16 is arranged in the intake duct 13, and the intake air flowing through the intake duct 13 is provided around the intake duct 13.
- a cooling device 18 for cooling is arranged.
- FIG. 1 is the engine body
- 2 is the cylinder block
- 3 is the cylinder head
- 4 is the piston
- 5 is the combustion chamber
- 6 is the electrically controlled fuel injection valve
- 7 is the intake valve
- 8 is the intake port
- 9 is the exhaust valve
- 10 is
- the engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 18 and the intake air is cooled by the engine cooling water.
- the exhaust port 10 is connected to the exhaust turbine 21 of the exhaust turbocharger 14 via the exhaust manifold 19 and the exhaust pipe 20, and the outlet of the exhaust turbine 21 is connected to the particulate filter 2.
- 2 is connected to the casing 2 3 containing the 2.
- the exhaust manifold 19 and the surge tank 12 are connected to each other through an exhaust gas recirculation (hereinafter referred to as EGR) passage 24, and an electrically controlled EGR control valve 2 is provided in the EGR passage 24. 5 is arranged.
- a cooling device 26 for cooling the EGR gas flowing in the EGR passage 24 is disposed around the EGR passage 24. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the engine cooling water is guided into the cooling device 26, and the engine cooling water cools the EGR gas.
- each fuel injection valve 6 is connected to a fuel reservoir, a so-called common rail 27, via a fuel supply pipe 6a.
- the common rail 27 is supplied with fuel from an electric control type variable discharge fuel pump 28, and the fuel supplied into the common rail 27 is supplied to the fuel injection valve 6 via each fuel supply pipe 6a. Supplied to A fuel pressure sensor 29 for detecting the fuel pressure in the common rail 27 is attached to the common rail 27, and the fuel pressure in the common rail 27 is set to the target fuel pressure based on the output signal of the fuel pressure sensor 29. The discharge amount of the fuel pump 28 is controlled so that
- the electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31.
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- CPU micro processor
- the output signal of the fuel pressure sensor 29 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37.
- a temperature sensor 39 for detecting the temperature of the particulate filter 22 is attached to the particulate filter 22, and the output signal of the temperature sensor 39 is applied to a corresponding AD converter 37.
- a load sensor 41 that generates an output voltage proportional to the amount of depression L of the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to the accelerator pedal 40, and the output voltage of the load sensor 41 is passed through the corresponding AD converter 37.
- the input port 35 is connected to a crank angle sensor 42 that generates an output pulse every time the crank shaft rotates, for example, 30 °.
- the output port 36 is connected to the fuel injection valve 6, the throttle valve driving step motor 16, the EGR control valve 25, and the fuel pump 28 via the corresponding drive circuit 38.
- FIG. 2A shows the relationship between the required torque TQ, the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40, and the engine speed N.
- each curve represents an isotorque curve
- the required torque gradually increases.
- the required torque TQ shown in FIG. 2A is stored in the ROM 32 in advance in the form of a map as a function of the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 and the engine speed N. It is remembered.
- the required torque TQ corresponding to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 and the engine speed N is first calculated from the map shown in FIG. 2B, and this required torque T The fuel injection amount and the like are calculated based on Q.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show the structure of the particulate filter 22.
- FIG. FIG. 3A shows a front view of the particulate filter 22
- FIG. 3B shows a side sectional view of the particulate filter 22.
- the particulate filter 22 has a honeycomb structure and includes a plurality of exhaust passages 50 and 51 extending parallel to each other. These exhaust passages are composed of an exhaust gas inflow passage 50 whose downstream end is closed by a plug 52, and an exhaust gas outflow passage 51 whose upstream end is closed by a plug 53. .
- the hatched portion in FIG. 3A indicates the plug 53.
- the exhaust gas inflow passages 50 and the exhaust gas outflow passages 51 are alternately arranged via the thin partition walls 54.
- the exhaust gas inflow passage 50 and the exhaust gas outflow passage 51 are each surrounded by four exhaust gas inflow passages 50 by four exhaust gas outflow passages 51, and each exhaust gas outflow passage 51 is formed by four exhaust gas outflow passages. It is arranged so as to be surrounded by the inflow passage 50.
- the patiti plate 22 is made of a porous material such as cordierite, so that the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust gas inflow passage 50 is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 3B. As a result, the gas flows through the surrounding partition wall 54 and flows into the adjacent exhaust gas outlet passage 51.
- alumina is provided on the peripheral wall surface of each exhaust gas inflow passage 50 and each exhaust gas outflow passage 51, that is, on both side surfaces of each partition wall 54 and on the inner wall surface of pores in the partition wall 54.
- a noble metal catalyst is formed on the carrier, and when there is excess oxygen in the surroundings, oxygen is taken in to retain oxygen, and when the surrounding oxygen concentration decreases, the retained oxygen is retained.
- An active oxygen releasing agent that releases the active oxygen in the form of active oxygen is supported.
- platinum Pt is used as the noble metal catalyst
- potassium K, sodium ⁇ a, lithium Li, cesium C are used as the active element releasing agent.
- alkaline metal such as noredium Rb
- alkaline earth metal such as barium Ba, calcium Ca, strontium Sr, lanthanum La, yttrium Y, cerium
- rare earths such as C e and transition metals such as tin Sn and iron F e is used.
- the active oxygen releasing agent is an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal having a higher ionization tendency than calcium Ca, that is, a power beam 1: lithium Li, cesium. It is preferable to use a force using C s, norebidium R b, norium Ba, or strontium S r, or use cerium Ce.
- the effect of removing particulates in the exhaust gas by the particulate filter 22 will be described by taking as an example a case where platinum Pt and a force beam K are carried on a carrier, but other noble metals and alkali metals However, the same effect of removing fine particles can be obtained by using alkaline earth metals, rare earths, and transition metals.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B schematically show enlarged views of the surface of the carrier layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust gas inflow passage 50 and the inner wall surface of the pores in the partition wall 54.
- 60 indicates platinum Pt particles
- 61 indicates an active oxygen releasing agent containing potassium K.
- the exhaust gas contains S ⁇ ⁇ 2 , and this SO 2 is also absorbed into the active oxygen releasing agent 61 by the same mechanism as NO. That is, as described above, oxygen ⁇ 2 adheres to the surface of platinum Pt in the form of o 2 ⁇ or ⁇ 2 , and SO 2 in the exhaust gas contains 0 2 or ⁇ 2 — Reacts with so 3 Then a part of the SO 3 which is produced is absorbed in the active oxygen release agent 61 while being further oxidized on the platinum P t, mosquitoes Li ⁇ beam K and the coupling while sulfate ion S_ ⁇ 4 2 - in the form of diffuses in the active oxygen release agent 6 1, to produce a sulfuric acid mosquitoes Li um K 2 S 0 4. This is in good cormorants on to the active oxygen release catalyst 6 in 1 nitric force re U beam KN_ ⁇ 3 and sulfuric mosquito Li um K 2 S 0 4 is generated.
- the combustion chamber 5 fine particles mainly composed of carbon C are produced. T / JP01 / 01099
- the exhaust gas contains these fine particles. These fine particles contained in the exhaust gas are generated when the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas inflow passage 50 of the particulate filter 22 or from the exhaust gas inflow passage 50 to the exhaust gas outflow passage 5. As it moves toward 1, it contacts and adheres to the surface of the carrier layer, for example, the surface of the active oxygen releasing agent 61 as shown by 62 in FIG. 4B.
- the oxygen concentration decreases at the contact surface between the fine particles 62 and the active oxygen releasing agent 61.
- the oxygen concentration decreases, a concentration difference occurs between the active oxygen release agent 61 and the active oxygen release agent 61 having a high oxygen concentration, and thus the oxygen in the active oxygen release agent 61 becomes fine particles 62 and the active oxygen release agent 61. Try to move toward the contact surface.
- the potassium nitrate KNO 3 formed in the active oxygen releasing agent 61 is decomposed into potassium K, oxygen O and NO, and the oxygen O becomes fine particles 62 and the active oxygen releasing agent 61
- the NO is released from the active oxygen releasing agent 61 toward the contact surface with the NO.
- the NO released to the outside is oxidized on the platinum Pt on the downstream side, and is absorbed again in the active oxygen releasing agent 61.
- this time is decomposed into sulphate Ca Li ⁇ beam K 2 S 0 4 formed in the active oxygen release agent 6 in 1 also mosquito Li um K and oxygen O so 2 and oxygen O is fine particles 6 2 and the active toward the contact surface between the oxygen release agent 61, S 0 2 is released from the active oxygen release agent 61 to the outside.
- the SO 2 released to the outside is oxidized on the platinum Pt on the downstream side and is absorbed again into the active oxygen releasing agent 61.
- oxygen O toward the contact surface between the particles 6 2 and the active oxygen release agent 61 is oxygen decomposed from compounds such as nitric acid mosquito Li um KN 0 3 and sulfuric mosquito Li um K 2 SO 4.
- Oxygen decomposed from the compound has high energy and extremely high activity. Therefore fine particles 6 Oxygen toward the contact surface between 2 and the active oxygen releasing agent 61 is active oxygen O.
- the active oxygen O comes into contact with the fine particles 62, the oxidizing action of the fine particles 62 is promoted, and the fine particles 62 are oxidized in a short time of several minutes to several ten minutes without emitting a bright flame. While the fine particles 62 are oxidized in this way, other fine particles adhere to the particulate filter 22 one after another.
- a certain amount of fine particles is constantly deposited on the patiti filter 22. Some of the deposited fine particles are oxidized and removed. . In this way, the fine particles 62 adhering to the particulate filter 22 are continuously burned without emitting a bright flame.
- NO x diffuses in the form of nitrate ion NO 3 in the active oxygen releasing agent 61 while repeating bonding and separation of oxygen atoms, and active oxygen is also generated during this time.
- the fine particles 62 are also oxidized by this active oxygen.
- the fine particles 62 attached to the particulate filter 22 in this manner are oxidized by the active oxygen O, but the fine particles 62 are also oxidized by the oxygen in the exhaust gas.
- the particulate filter 22 When the particulates deposited in layers on the particulate filter 22 are burned, the particulate filter 22 glows red and burns with a flame. Combustion with such a flame cannot be sustained unless it is at a high temperature.Therefore, in order to sustain combustion with such a flame, the temperature of the particulate filter 22 must be maintained at a high temperature. Absent.
- the fine particles 62 are oxidized without emitting a luminous flame as described above, and the surface of the particulate filter 22 does not glow at this time.
- the particles 62 are oxidized and removed. Therefore, the action of removing fine particles 62 that do not emit a luminous flame by oxidation according to the present invention is completely different from the action of removing fine particles by combustion accompanied by a flame. 2 is activated as the temperature increases, so that the amount of active oxygen O that the active oxygen releasing agent 61 can release per unit time increases as the temperature of the particulate filter 22 increases.
- the fine particles are more easily oxidized and removed as the temperature of the fine particles themselves is higher. Accordingly, the amount of oxidizable and removable fine particles that can be oxidized and removed without emitting a luminous flame per unit time on the particulate filter 22 increases as the temperature of the particulate filter 22 increases.
- the solid line in FIG. 6 indicates the amount of fine particles G that can be oxidized and removed without emitting a bright flame per unit time
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 6 indicates the temperature TF of the particulate finoleta 22.
- FIG. 6 shows the amount G of particles that can be oxidized and removed per unit of time, that is, 1 second, that is, the unit time is 1 minute or 10 minutes. Can be adopted. For example, when 10 minutes is used as the unit time, the amount G of oxidizable and removable particles per unit time indicates the amount G of oxidizable and removable particles per 10 minutes.
- the amount of fine particles G that can be oxidized and removed on the filter 22 without emitting a bright flame per unit time increases as the temperature of the particulate filter 22 increases.
- a discharged fine particle amount M when the amount of fine particles discharged from the combustion chamber 5 per unit time is referred to as a discharged fine particle amount M, when the discharged fine particle amount M is smaller than the oxidation-removable fine particles G per the same unit time, for example, When the amount M of discharged fine particles per second is smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation per second, or Or, when the amount M of discharged particles per 10 minutes is smaller than the amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation per 10 minutes G, that is, in the region I in Fig. 6, all the particles discharged from the combustion chamber 5 are removed. Oxidation can be removed in a short period of time without producing a bright flame on the particulate filter 22.
- the residual fine particle portions 63 covering the surface of the carrier layer gradually change to carbon materials which are difficult to be oxidized, and thus the residual fine particle portions 63 easily remain as they are. Further, the surface of the carrier layer NO by covered is the platinum P t by the residual particulate portion 6 3, the action of release of active oxygen from the oxidizing action and the active oxygen release agent 61 in S_ ⁇ 2 is suppressed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5C, another fine particle 64 is deposited one after another on the residual fine particle portion 63. That is, the fine particles are deposited in a layered manner.
- the fine particles are oxidized in a short time without emitting a bright flame on the particulate filter 22, and in the region II of FIG. 6, the fine particles are oxidized by the particulate filter. 22 Deposit on 2 Therefore, in order to prevent the fine particles from depositing on the particulate filter 22 in a layered manner, the amount M of discharged fine particles must always be smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the particulate filter 22 used in the embodiment of the present invention can oxidize the fine particles even if the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 is considerably low.
- the compression ignition type internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1 it is possible to maintain the amount M of discharged particulates and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 such that the amount M of discharged particulates becomes smaller than the amount G of particulates that can be removed by oxidation. . Therefore, in the embodiment according to the present invention, basically, the amount of discharged fine particles and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 are maintained so that the amount of discharged fine particles M becomes smaller than the amount of fine particles G that can be removed by oxidation.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles is maintained to be smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation, the fine particles will not be deposited on the particulate filter 22 in a stacked manner.
- the pressure loss of the exhaust gas flow in the particulate filter 22 is maintained at a substantially constant minimum pressure loss value without changing at all.
- the decrease in engine output can be kept to a minimum.
- the action of removing fine particles by oxidation of the fine particles is quite low. Done. Therefore, the temperature of the particulate filter 22 does not rise so much, and there is almost no risk of the particulate filter 22 being deteriorated. In addition, since fine particles do not accumulate on the particulate filter 22 in a layered manner, there is less danger of ash agglomeration, and accordingly, there is less risk of clogging of the particulate filter 22.
- an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal having a higher ionization tendency than calcium Ca that is, calcium K and lithium Li It is preferable to use cesium C s, norredium Rb, norium Ba, and strontium Sr.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles is maintained so as to be smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles may be larger than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the non-oxidized fine particles begin to remain on the particulate filter 22 as described above.
- the fine particles will be deposited in layers on the particulate filter 22.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles is smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the residual fine particles are oxidized and removed by the active oxygen O without producing a bright flame.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles is set to be smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles becomes larger than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation
- the amount M of discharged fine particles becomes smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- fine particles may be deposited on the particulate filter 22 in a stacked manner.
- the air-fuel ratio of part or all of the exhaust When the liquid is temporarily refilled, the fine particles deposited on the particulate filter 22 are oxidized without emitting a bright flame. That is, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is made rich, that is, when the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is reduced, active oxygen O is released from the active oxygen releasing agent 61 to the outside and released at once. The deposited fine particles are burned and removed in a short time without emitting luminous flame by the active oxygen 0.
- cell re um C e takes in oxygen in-out bets air-fuel ratio is rie down (C e 2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 2 C e ⁇ 2), the air-fuel ratio to release active oxygen becomes the Li Tutsi ( 2 C e 0 2 ⁇ C e 0 3) it has a function. Therefore, when Ce Ce is used as the active oxygen releasing agent 61, when the air-fuel ratio is lean, the fine particles adhere to the particulate filter 22 when the active oxygen releasing agent 61 is used. The fine particles are oxidized by the active oxygen released from 1 and a large amount of active oxygen is released from the active oxygen releasing agent 61 when the air-fuel ratio becomes rich. Therefore, the fine particles are oxidized. Therefore, even when cerium Ce is used as the active oxygen releasing agent 61, if the air-fuel ratio is occasionally temporarily switched from lean to rich, the oxidation of the fine particles on the particulate filter 22 is oxidized. The reaction can be accelerated.
- the amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation is shown as a function of only the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22, but this amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation is actually the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas.
- the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 has the greatest influence on the amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation, and the relatively large influences are the oxygen concentration and NO in the exhaust gas. x concentration.
- Fig. 7A shows the change in the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 and the amount G of the particles that can be removed by oxidation when the oxygen in the exhaust gas changes
- Fig. 7B shows the temperature of the particulate filter 22.
- TF and N_ ⁇ x concentration in the exhaust gas shows a change in the changed Kino particulate removable by oxidation amount G. Incidentally, broken lines have you in FIG.
- FIG. 7 A and 7 B shows when the oxygen concentration and NO x concentration in the exhaust gas which is a reference value, even Ri [0 2] J'll reference value in FIG. 7 A exhaust when high oxygen concentration in the gas, [O 2] 2 shows respectively the time [0 2] ⁇ Ri I is high more oxidation concentration in Fig. 7 B [N_ ⁇ ]! When is the concentration of NO x also in the exhaust gas Ri by reference value high, [NO] 2 [NO]! Shows respectively when the high further NO x concentration Ri good. Oxidation can be removed by itself when the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is high. Although the particle amount G increases, the amount of oxygen taken into the active oxygen releasing agent 61 increases, so that the active oxygen released from the active oxygen releasing agent 61 also increases. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7A, the higher the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, the greater the amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- NO in the exhaust gas will be is to N0 2 is oxidized to have you on the surface of the platinum P t to cormorants I mentioned above. Part of the NO 2 thus generated is absorbed into the active oxygen releasing agent 61, and the remaining N 2 is released from the surface of the platinum Pt to the outside. At this time, when the fine particles come into contact with NO 2 , the oxidation reaction is accelerated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7B, the higher the NO x concentration in the exhaust gas, the larger the amount G of fine particles that can be oxidized and removed. However, the effect of NO 2 to promote the oxidation of fine particles occurs only when the exhaust gas temperature is approximately between 250 ° C. and 450 ° C. As shown in FIG. oxidation amount G of the particulate removable increases when during the concentration of NO x becomes higher when the particulate rate off Inoreta 2 2 temperature TF is approximately 2 5 0 ° C from 4 5 0 ° C.
- the amount G of the oxidizable / removable fine particles is calculated in consideration of all the factors affecting the amount G of the oxidizable / removable fine particles.
- the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 which has the largest influence on the amount G of particles that can be oxidized and removed among these factors, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas which has a relatively large influence and NO x concentration only on the basis that the earthenware pots by calculating the particulate removable by oxidation amount G.
- each temperature TF 200 ° C., 250 ° C., 300 ° C., 5 0 ° C, 4 0 0 ° C, 4 5 0 ° C
- G an oxygen concentration [O 2] in the respective exhaust gas [NO] in
- each Patikiyure one preparative filter 2 second temperature TF, oxidation concentration [0 2] and concentration of NO x [NO] removable by oxidation fine particles amount G corresponding to is shown in 8 F from FIG. 8 A Calculated by pro-rata from the map.
- the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas [0 2] and concentration of NO x [NO] can be detected using an oxygen concentration sensor and NO x concentration sensor.
- the oxygen concentration [O 2 ] in the exhaust gas is previously stored in the ROM 32 in the form of a map as shown in FIG. 9A as a function of the required torque TQ and the engine speed N. are stored, is stored in advance in the R OM 3 in 2 in the form of the NO x concentration in the exhaust gas [NO] be a function of the required torque TQ and engine speed N Una by FIG 9 B map From these maps, the oxygen concentration [O 2 ] and NO x concentration [NO] in the exhaust gas are calculated.
- the amount M of discharged particulates varies depending on the engine type, but when the engine type is determined, it becomes a function of the required torque TQ and engine speed N.
- 1 0 A shows the amount M of discharged particulate of the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1, each curve, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ 4, M 5 is equal discharged particulate amount (lambda ⁇ Ku M 2 ⁇ M 3 ⁇ M 4 ⁇ M 5 ).
- the amount M of discharged particulate increases as the required torque TQ increases.
- the amount M of discharged particulate shown in FIG. 10A is stored in advance in the ROM 32 as a function of the required torque TQ and the engine speed N in the form of a map shown in FIG. 10B.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles exceeds the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation
- the amount M of discharged fine particles or the amount of oxidized particles is set so that the amount M of discharged fine particles becomes smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation. At least one of the amount G of removable fine particles is controlled.
- the amount M of discharged particles is slightly larger than the amount G of particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- the amount of fine particles deposited on the particulate filter 22 is not so large. Therefore, when the amount M of discharged fine particles becomes larger than the allowable amount (G + ⁇ ) obtained by adding a small constant value ⁇ to the amount G of fine particles removable by oxidation, the amount M of discharged fine particles is larger than the amount G of fine particles removable by oxidation. At least one of the amount M of discharged fine particles and the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation may be controlled so as to reduce the amount of fine particles.
- step 100 the opening of the throttle valve 17 is controlled, and then, in step 101, the opening of the EGR control valve 25 is controlled.
- step 102 injection control from the fuel injection valve 6 is performed.
- step 103 the amount M of discharged fine particles is calculated from the map shown in FIG. 10B.
- Sutetsu flop 1 0 4 8 from the map shown in 8 F from A of the particulate Kyure preparative filter 2 2 temperature TF, the concentration of NO x in oxygen concentration [0 2] and the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas [NO]
- the corresponding oxidizable / removable particle amount G is calculated.
- step 105 it is determined whether or not a flag indicating that the amount M of discharged particulate has become larger than the amount G of particulate that can be removed by oxidation is set. If the flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 106, where it is determined whether or not the amount M of discharged fine particles has become larger than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- M ⁇ G that is, when the amount M of discharged fine particles is the same as the amount M of fine particles removable by oxidation or smaller than the amount G of fine particles removable by oxidation, the processing cycle is completed.
- step 106 determines whether M> G, that is, if the amount M of discharged fine particles is larger than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation. If it is determined in step 106 that M> G, that is, if the amount M of discharged fine particles is larger than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation, the process proceeds to step 107 and the flag is set. And then go to step 108. When the flag is set, the subsequent processing The kuru jumps from step 105 to step 108.
- step 108 the amount M of discharged fine particles is compared with a control release value (G-i3) obtained by subtracting a constant value 3 from the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- M ⁇ G—] 3 that is, when the amount M of discharged particulates is larger than the control release value (G—] 3
- the routine proceeds to step 109, where the particulate finolators 22 perform continuous oxidation of particulates. Control to continue is performed. That is, at least one of the amount M of discharged fine particles and the amount G of fine particles removable by oxidation is controlled so that the amount M of discharged fine particles becomes smaller than the amount G of fine particles removable by oxidation.
- step 108 when it is determined in step 108 that M is smaller than G ⁇ / 3, that is, when the amount M of discharged particulates is smaller than the control release value (G ⁇ i3), the process proceeds to step 110 to return to the original operation. Control to gradually return to the state is performed, and the flag is reset.
- the continuous oxidation continuation control performed in step 109 of FIG. 11 and the return control performed in step 110 of FIG. 11 can be performed in various ways. The various methods are described in order.
- one of the methods for reducing the amount M of discharged fine particles to be smaller than the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation is to raise the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22. Therefore, a method of increasing the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 will be described first.
- One of the effective methods for increasing the temperature TF of the pasty filter 22 is to retard the fuel injection timing until after the compression top dead center. That is, normally the main fuel Q m is injected near compression top dead center as shown in the FIG. 1 2 (I). In this case, sea urchin main fuel Q injection timing of n is burning period becomes longer after the is retarded by shown in (II) of FIG. 1 2, the exhaust gas temperature rises in thus. Exhaust gas temperature rises Accordingly, the temperature TF of the particulate finalizer 22 increases, and as a result, the state becomes M and G.
- the auxiliary fuel Qv is injected near the top dead center of the intake air in addition to the main fuel as shown in (III) of Fig. 12. Can also.
- the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 can be immediately increased, and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 can be increased quickly by using the method of FIG. ),
- the auxiliary fuel Q p during the expansion stroke or the exhaust stroke can be a child injection.
- the auxiliary fuel Q p most is discharged into the exhaust passage in the form of unburned HC without having to go to burn
- the unburned HC is oxidized by excess oxygen on the particulate filter 22, and the heat of the oxidation reaction generated at this time raises the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22.
- This low temperature combustion has the feature that it is a child reduced generation amount of the NO x while suppressing the generation of smoke regardless of the air-fuel ratio. That is, when the air-fuel ratio is made rich, the fuel becomes excessive, but the combustion temperature is suppressed to a low temperature, so that the excess fuel does not grow into soot, thus producing smoke. There is no. In addition, only occur a small amount also extremely this and can NO x. On the other hand, when the average air-fuel ratio is lean or when the air-fuel ratio is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, a small amount of soot is generated when the combustion temperature increases, but the combustion temperature is suppressed to a low temperature under low-temperature combustion.
- the solid line in Fig. 14A shows the relationship between the average gas temperature Tg in the combustion chamber 5 and the crank angle when the low-temperature combustion was performed, and the broken line in Fig. 14A shows the normal combustion.
- the graph shows the relationship between the average gas temperature T g in the combustion chamber 5 and the crank angle at the time of the operation.
- the solid line in Fig. 14B shows the relationship between the fuel and surrounding gas temperature Tf and the crank angle when low-temperature combustion is performed, and the dashed line in Fig. 14B shows normal combustion.
- the graph shows the relationship between the temperature of fuel and the surrounding gas temperature T f and the crank angle.
- the average gas temperature Tg at the time of low-temperature combustion shown by the solid line is a broken line as shown in Fig. 14A. It is higher than the average gas temperature Tg during normal combustion shown.
- the fuel and the surrounding gas temperature T f are almost the same as the average gas temperature T g.
- the temperature is lower when normal combustion is performed than when low-temperature combustion is performed.Therefore, as shown in Figure 14A, combustion near compression top dead center is performed.
- the average gas temperature T g in the chamber 5 is higher when low-temperature combustion is performed than when normal combustion is performed.
- the burned gas temperature in the combustion chamber 5 after the completion of combustion is lower in the case of low-temperature combustion than in the case of normal combustion.
- the low temperature combustion increases the exhaust gas temperature.
- FIG. 15 shows an internal combustion engine suitable for performing this method.
- a hydrocarbon supply device 70 is disposed in an exhaust pipe 20.
- hydrocarbon is supplied from the hydrocarbon supply device 70 into the exhaust pipe 20.
- This hydrocarbon is oxidized by excess oxygen on the particulate filter 22, and the heat of the oxidation reaction at this time raises the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22.
- the supply of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon supply device 70 is stopped.
- the hydrocarbon supply device 70 may be arranged anywhere between the particulate filter 22 and the exhaust port 10.
- FIG. 16 shows an internal combustion engine suitable for carrying out this method.
- an exhaust control valve 73 driven by an actuator 72 is disposed in an exhaust pipe 71 downstream of the particulate filter 22.
- step 109 the exhaust control valve 73 is almost fully closed in step 109.
- the amount of injection of the main fuel Q m in order to prevent the decrease in the engine output torque by a child of the exhaust control valve 7 3 almost fully closed is made to increase.
- the exhaust control valve 73 is almost fully closed, the pressure in the exhaust passage upstream of the exhaust control valve 73, that is, the back pressure increases.
- the back pressure increases, when the exhaust gas is discharged from the combustion chamber 5 into the exhaust port 10, the pressure of the exhaust gas does not decrease so much, and therefore the temperature does not decrease so much.
- step 1 1 0 is determined to be M rather G-3
- Step 1 0 8 1 bulking effect of the amount of injection of the main fuel Q n is stopped You.
- FIG. 17 shows an internal combustion engine suitable for performing this method.
- a waste gate valve 76 controlled by an actuator 75 is disposed in an exhaust bypass passage 74 bypassing the exhaust turbine 21.
- the actuator 75 normally controls the opening of the waste gate valve 76 in response to the pressure in the surge tank 12, that is, the supercharging pressure so that the supercharging pressure does not exceed a certain pressure. .
- the waste gate valve 76 is fully opened in step 109.
- the temperature drops.
- the waste gate valve 76 is fully opened, most of the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust bypass passage 74, so that the temperature does not drop.
- the temperature of the particulate filter 22 rises.
- the waste gate valve 76 is closed in step 110 to prevent the supercharging pressure from exceeding a certain pressure.
- the opening of the West gate valve 76 is controlled.
- the low-temperature combustion described above can be used as a method of reducing the amount PM of emitted particulates, but another effective method is a method of controlling fuel injection. For example, when the fuel injection amount is reduced, sufficient air is present around the injected fuel, and thus the amount M of discharged particulates is reduced.
- step 109 when the amount M of discharged particulates is reduced by controlling the fuel injection, if it is determined that M> G in step 106 of FIG. 11, step 109 In this case, the fuel injection amount is reduced, or the fuel injection timing is advanced or the injection pressure is increased, or the pilot injection is stopped, thereby reducing the amount M of discharged particulates. I'm sullen.
- step 110 when it is determined in step 110 of FIG. 11 that M is less than G—3, in step 110, the fuel injection state is returned to the original state.
- step 110 of FIG. 11 when it is determined that M> G in step 106 of FIG. 11, the opening of the EGR control valve 25 is reduced in step 109 to reduce the EGR rate.
- the EGR rate decreases, the amount of air around the injected fuel increases, and thus the amount M of discharged particulates decreases.
- step 110 if it is determined in step 110 of FIG. 11 that M is less than G_i3, in step 110 the EGR rate is increased to the original EGR rate.
- step 110 the supercharging pressure is returned to the original supercharging pressure.
- a method for increasing the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas to satisfy M ⁇ G will be described. As the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas increases, the amount of fine particles G that can be removed by oxidation alone increases, but the amount of oxygen taken into the active oxygen releasing agent 61 further increases. The amount of active oxygen to be removed increases, and thus the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation increases.
- One way to implement this method is to control the EGR rate. That is, if it is determined in step 106 of FIG. 11 that M> G, the opening of the EGR control valve 25 is reduced in step 109 so that the EGR rate decreases.
- the decrease in the EGR rate means that the proportion of the intake air amount in the intake air increases, and thus, when the EGR rate decreases, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas increases. As a result, the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation increases.
- the EGR rate decreases, the amount M of emitted particulates decreases as described above. Therefore, when the EGR rate decreases, M ⁇ G rapidly.
- step 110 determines it is determined in step 110 of FIG. 11 that M is less than G—] 3
- the EGR rate is returned to the original EGR rate.
- the exhaust pipe 77 between the exhaust turbine 21 and the particulate filter 22 is connected to the intake duct 13 via the secondary air supply pipe 78, and A supply control valve 79 is disposed in the secondary air supply conduit 78.
- the secondary air supply conduit 78 is connected to an engine-driven air pump 80.
- the supply position of the secondary air into the exhaust passage may be anywhere between the particulate filter 22 and the exhaust port 10.
- step 106 of FIG. 19 if it is determined that M> G in step 106 of FIG.
- the supply control valve 79 is opened. As a result, the secondary air is supplied from the secondary air supply conduit 78 to the exhaust pipe 77, and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is increased.
- step 110 of FIG. 11 when it is determined in step 110 of FIG. 11 that M is less than G—in step 110, the supply control valve 79 is closed.
- the amount of oxidized and removed particles GG that can be oxidized per unit time on the particulate filter 22 is sequentially calculated, and when the amount of discharged particles M exceeds the calculated amount of oxidized and removed particles GG, M becomes GG.
- An embodiment will be described in which at least one of the amount M of discharged fine particles and the amount G of fine particles that can be removed by oxidation is controlled.
- the fine particles adhere to the particulate filter 22 the fine particles are oxidized within a short period of time, but before the fine particles are completely oxidized and removed, other fine particles are successively removed. Adheres to the particulate filter 22. Therefore, in practice, a certain amount of fine particles is constantly deposited on the particulate filter 22, and some of the deposited fine particles are oxidized and removed. In this case, if the fine particles GG to be oxidized and removed per unit time are the same as the amount M of the discharged fine particles, all the fine particles in the exhaust gas are oxidized and removed on the particulate filter 22.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles exceeds the amount GG of fine particles that can be oxidized and removed per unit time, the amount of fine particles deposited on the particulate finoleta 22 gradually increases, and finally the fine particles are stacked. It accumulates at low temperatures and cannot ignite at low temperatures.
- the amount M of discharged fine particles is When the temperature exceeds G, the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 and the amount M of discharged particulates are controlled so that M and GG are obtained.
- the amount of oxidized fine particles G can be expressed by the following equation.
- C is a constant
- E is the activation energy
- R is the gas constant
- T is the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22
- [PM] is the concentration of particles deposited on the particulate filter 22 (molZcm 2)
- [NO] represents the concentration of NO x in the exhaust gas respectively.
- the amount GG of the particles removed by oxidation is actually the concentration of unburned HC in the exhaust gas, the degree of oxidation of the particles, the space velocity of the exhaust gas flow in the particulate filter 22, the exhaust gas pressure, etc.
- the amount GG of the particles removed by oxidation increases exponentially as the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 increases. Also, as the deposition concentration [PM] of the fine particles increases, the amount of the fine particles to be oxidized and removed increases, so that the amount GG of the oxidation-removed fine particles increases as the “PM” increases.
- NO x concentration [NO] is high the oxide removal particulate amount GG since the amount of generated by Uni N0 2 described above is increased in the exhaust gas you increase.
- conversion of NO to N 0 2 is sea urchin I described above exhaust gas temperature does not occur only between approximately 4 5 0 ° C from about 2 5 0 ° C. Therefore, the relationship between the NO x concentration [NO] in the exhaust gas and [NO] in the above equation is that when the exhaust gas temperature is approximately between 250 ° C. and 450 ° C., the relationship in FIG. As shown by the solid line [NO] n !, [NO) increases as [NO] increases. However, when the exhaust gas temperature is approximately 250 ° C or lower or approximately 450 ° C or higher, FIG. As shown by the solid line [NO] "in C, [NO] n is almost zero regardless of [NO].
- the amount of oxidized and removed fine particles GG is calculated based on the above equation every time a predetermined time elapses. If the amount of fine particles deposited at this time is PM (g), fine particles corresponding to the amount of oxygen-removed fine particles GG are removed from the fine particles, and fine particles corresponding to the amount of discharged fine particles M are newly added to the particulate filter 22. Stick on top. Therefore, the final accumulation amount of fine particles is expressed by the following equation.
- step 200 the opening of the throttle valve 17 is controlled, and then, in step 201, the opening of the EGR control valve 25 is controlled.
- step 202 injection control from the fuel injection valve 6 is performed.
- step 1 ⁇ 3 the amount M of discharged particulate is calculated from the map shown in FIG. 10B.
- step 204 the amount of oxidized and removed fine particles GG is calculated based on the following equation.
- step 205 the final fine particle deposition amount PM is calculated based on the following equation.
- step 206 it is determined whether or not a flag indicating that the amount M of discharged fine particles has become larger than the amount GG of oxidation-removed fine particles has been set. If the flag has not been set, the routine proceeds to step 207, where it is determined whether or not the amount M of discharged fine particles has become larger than the amount GG of particles that can be removed by oxidation.
- M ⁇ G G that is, when the amount M of discharged fine particles is smaller than the amount G G of fine particles removed by oxidation, the processing cycle is completed.
- step 207 when it is determined in step 207 that M> GG, that is, when the amount M of discharged fine particles is larger than the amount GG of oxidized and removed fine particles, the process proceeds to step 208 and a flag is set. Then, go to step 209. When the flag is set, the next processing cycle jumps to step 209 in step 206.
- step 209 the amount M of discharged fine particles is compared with the control release value (G G —) obtained by subtracting the constant value (3) from the amount of oxidized fine particles GG.
- M ⁇ GG—) 3 that is, when the amount M of discharged particulates is larger than the control release value (GG-3)
- the process proceeds to step 210 and the particulate filter 22 continuously oxidizes in the particulate filter 22.
- Control that is, as described above, to increase the temperature TF of the particulate filter 22 or to reduce the amount M of discharged particulates, or to reduce the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. Control for raising is performed.
- step 209 if it is determined in step 209 that M has become GG ⁇ / 3, that is, if the amount M of discharged particulates has become smaller than the control release value (GG-i3), the flow proceeds to step 211 to return to the original operation. Control to gradually return to the state Is performed and the flag is reset.
- a carrier layer made of, for example, alumina is formed on both side surfaces of each partition wall 54 of the particulate filter 22 and on the inner wall surface of the pores in the partition wall 54.
- a noble metal catalyst and an active oxygen releasing agent are supported on this carrier.
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate Kiyu, single preparative filter 2 2 on the support is in-out bets rie down absorbs NO x contained in the exhaust gas particulate rate filter 2 2 air-fuel ratio of the inflowing exhaust gas can also Turkey by supporting the NO x absorbent to release the NO x absorbed and becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or Li pitch on.
- the noble metal platinum P t is used to cormorants I mentioned above, NO x absorbent and to the Ca Li um K, Na Application Benefits um N a, Lithium L i, cesium C s, Norebijiumu Alkali metals such as Rb, Norium Ba, Canoledium Ca, Strontium Sr Alkaline earths, Lanthanum La, rare earths such as yttrium Y At least one selected from the list is used. Note that largely match the metal constituting the metal forming the NO x absorbent in earthenware pots by seen in comparison with the metal comprising the active oxygen release agent described above, the active oxygen release agent.
- the NO x absorbent and the active oxygen release agent and to mutually different metals may also Mochiiruko, the same metal may also Mochiiruko. And this fulfilling both functions of the function of the function and the active oxygen release agent as the the NO x absorbent simultaneously in the case of using the same metal as the the NO x absorbent and the active oxygen release agent become.
- NO x Considering the absorption of the First NO x Figure 4 A It is absorbed by the NO x absorbent by the same mechanism as shown in Fig. 1. However, in this case, reference numeral 61 in FIG. 4A indicates a NO x absorbent.
- gas inflow passages 5 when flowing into the 0 4 these oxygen 0 2 in earthenware pots by shown in a is O 2 - or O 2 - is in the form of adhering to the surface of the platinum P t.
- NO in the exhaust gas is 0 on the surface of the platinum P t 2 - or O 2 and reacts, that Do and NO 2 (2 NO + O 2 ⁇ 2 N 0 2).
- particulate rate filter 2 2 When the inflowing exhaust gas becomes re pitch nitrate ion N0 3 - is decomposed into oxygen and O and NO, the next one we next from the NO x absorbent 6 1 NO Is released.
- particulate queue air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the rate filter 2 2 is NO from the NO x absorbent 61 to Chi sac short time become re Tutsi emitted, released NO in Shikamoko is reduced NO is not released into the atmosphere.
- the NO x absorbent when the the NO x absorbent or the active oxygen release-N_ ⁇ x absorbent is used NO x
- NO x absorbent or active oxygen air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing from the discharge ⁇ NO x absorbent Patikiyu, single preparative filter 2 2 in order to release the NO x is temporarily re Tsu I will be hurt. That is, the air-fuel ratio is temporarily refilled occasionally when combustion is performed under the lean air-fuel ratio.
- the present invention can be applied to a case where only a noble metal such as platinum Pt is supported on a carrier layer formed on both side surfaces of the particulate filter 22.
- a noble metal such as platinum Pt
- the solid line indicating the amount of fine particles G that can be removed by oxidation moves slightly to the right as compared with the solid line shown in FIG. The active oxygen from the N0 2 or SO 3 held on the surface of the platinum P t is released in the case.
- active oxygen release agent N0 2 or S 0 3 adsorbed and held can also be used these adsorbed NO 2 or catalyst Ru bovine release active oxygen from the SO 3.
- the present invention is to place the acid catalyst to Patikyure bets filter upstream of the exhaust passage to convert the NO in by Ri exhaust gas to the oxidation catalyst NO 2, in the N0 2 and particulate rate on the filter reacting the deposited fine particles are also applicable to exhaust gas purifying apparatus was by Unishi to oxidize by Ri particles to the N0 2.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01904486A EP1172532B1 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Exhaust gas cleaning method |
KR20017013134A KR100478740B1 (ko) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | 배기 가스 정화 방법 |
US09/958,575 US6769245B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Exhaust gas purification method |
AU32313/01A AU751248B2 (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Exhaust gas cleaning method |
DE60111689T DE60111689T2 (de) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Verfahren zum reinigen von abgasen |
CA002369661A CA2369661C (en) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Exhaust gas purification method |
JP2001559986A JP3700056B2 (ja) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | 排気ガス浄化方法 |
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JP2000-43571 | 2000-02-16 | ||
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PCT/JP2001/001099 WO2001061160A1 (fr) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Procede d'epuration de gaz d'echappement |
PCT/JP2001/001098 WO2001061159A1 (fr) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Procede et dispositif d'epuration de gaz d'echappement |
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PCT/JP2001/001098 WO2001061159A1 (fr) | 2000-02-16 | 2001-02-15 | Procede et dispositif d'epuration de gaz d'echappement |
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US (2) | US6786041B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1172531B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP3702847B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR100478739B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN100398789C (ja) |
AU (2) | AU751248B2 (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2369661C (ja) |
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