WO2001061826A1

WO2001061826A1 - Device, especially a combined motor/generator device, for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa

Info

Publication number: WO2001061826A1
Application number: PCT/EP2001/001763
Authority: WO
Inventors: Erich Walter Frank
Original assignee: Pfisterer Kontaktsysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2000-02-16
Filing date: 2001-02-16
Publication date: 2001-08-23
Also published as: DE10006829A1; EP1256161A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device, especially a combined motor/generator device (1; 101), for converting electric energy into mechanical energy and/or vice versa. The inventive device comprises a rotor (123), a stator (2; 102), at least two electric connections and at least three coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) which are distributed in the direction of circumference (6; 106) and are provided with two coil connections (9, 13; 109, 113) respectively. The inventive device is characterised in that the coil connections (9, 13; 109, 113) can be connected to one another and/or to the electric connections in a predetermined manner and using a rotatable switching means that extends in the direction of circumference (6; 106).

Description

Device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa, in particular combined motor / generator device

The invention relates to a device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa with a rotor and a stator, in particular a combined motor / generator device, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the known devices, the coil connections of all coils must be led out of the device and an interconnection of the coils with one another to form coil groups or the interconnection of the coil connections with the electrical connections of the device must be effected outside the device by electrical and / or electronic switching means. In particular, by leading out the individual coil connections, the effort involved in producing and maintaining such devices is increased and operational reliability is reduced. The US 3,508,138 shows a generator with several coil connections that can be connected in series or in parallel with a separate rotary switch.

The US 1, 685,963 shows an alternating current (AC) transmission system in which twelve coils can be connected to one another and to a 3-phase transmission line via a linearly arranged switch row of a total of twelve switches, all switches being operable together by means of a switch rod.

WO 98/39833 shows a brushless direct current (DC) motor with a series of stator windings, some or all of which can be connected to the operating voltage by means of a control device.

DE 299 08 718 U1 shows a motor / generator device according to the preamble of claim 1, the connection of the coils being carried out at the latest when the device is installed and cannot be changed in later operation.

The invention is based on the problem of providing a generic device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a device is to be provided which is versatile and can be used for a very wide variety of applications, in particular in which the coils of a coil group can optionally be connected electrically in series or in parallel and / or the coils can optionally be connected in a star or delta connection, and which are simple in that Manufacturing and maintenance as well as reliable in operation. The problem is solved by the device defined in claim 1. Particular embodiments of the invention are defined in the subclaims.

By rotating and extending in the circumferential direction

Switching means, which is integrated in the device, eliminates the need to lead out the coil connections that are to be connected to one another, depending on the series or parallel connection. Additional and in particular external electrical and / or electronic switching means can therefore at least partially be omitted. Due to the rotating switching means and the switching means arranged distributed in the circumferential direction, the coil connections can be electrically contacted directly at the position specified by the respective coil. By means of the switching means, the coils can, for example, optionally be switched in star or delta connection. As an alternative or in addition, the switching means can also be used to connect coils of a coil group distributed in the circumferential direction in parallel or in series. The switch position can be selected depending on the performance requirements of the device. The switching means can also have a switching position in which the coils are electrically separated from one another and / or from the electrical connections. One is also possible

Embodiment of the invention in which the coils of each coil group can be connected in parallel or in series by a first switching means and the coil group can be switched in a star or delta connection by a second switching means.

Each coil group has its own, usually two-pole electrical connection. For each coil group, therefore, a maximum of two electrical connections can be made out of the device, which with the required when the device is used as a motor Power supply and in the case of use as a generator can be connected to a corresponding power take-off and / or generator device. Such devices can be used for example as a motor / generator device in a motor vehicle or in other land, water and aircraft. The parallel connection of the coils within each coil group can, for. B. switched to start an internal combustion engine, wherein a high current results in a high starting torque. In a corresponding manner, the series connection can be used, for example, in generator use to use a high current at low speed to supply the other on-board electronics or at high speed to provide a high current at low voltage to charge the on-board batteries.

The switching means has a switching ring rotating in the circumferential direction. Due to the closed switching ring, the essentially radial contact forces are easy to apply and essentially cancel each other out. The angle of rotation required for switching is determined, for example, from the number of coil groups and the number of coils per coil group and is a maximum of 90 ° and preferably less than 20 °.

A first coil connection of a first coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a first connection electrode of the respective coil group, and a second coil connection of a last coil of each coil group is fixedly connected to a second connection electrode of the respective coil group. The first and second connection electrodes of each coil group can be electrically contacted from outside the device. For this purpose, the first and second connection electrodes are preferred guided by connecting distributors extending in the circumferential direction to each coil of the associated coil group. The connection distributors are formed, for example, by curved strips made of an electrically highly conductive material and can form a closed ring. The connection distributors are preferably guided in one piece to the outside of the device, where they also form in one piece a connection contact, for example a plug socket or a plug pin, for further electrical contacting. The connection distributors can be arranged radially and / or axially adjacent to the coils. They guarantee short connection paths to the coils and thus a low-impedance connection and make the costly provision and installation of connection lines unnecessary.

The coil connections to be connected by the switching means are each connected to a connection contact means, which is arranged in each case at a circumferential position corresponding to the associated coil, and the switching means has connection contact means which are arranged radially and / or axially with respect to the connection contact means.

The electrically conductive connection contact means are for example embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring and have one

Spring preload in the direction of the associated connection contact means.

The connection contact means and / or the connection contact means are supported by a radially and / or axially adjacent and circumferential support or tension ring in the direction of the connection contact means or connection contact means. As a result, in addition to one of the connection contact means or Connection force to be applied spring force or to an external suspension increases the spring action and thus the contact reliability.

Between the connection contact means and the connection contact means, connection elements with an at least partially circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface are arranged, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the rotor or stator axis. The circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface results in linear contacts between the connecting elements and the connecting contact means or connecting contact means, and thus a permanently high current carrying capacity. The rolling of the circular-cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the connecting elements on the connection contact means or connection contact means also results in self-cleaning of the contact surfaces.

Two connection elements spaced apart in the circumferential direction connect two connection contact means by means of the connection contact means assigned to them due to its position in the circumferential direction. The two connection elements are always in electrical contact with the connection contact means and, when the switching means rotates, change the previous electrical contact to a first connection contact means to an electrical contact with a second connection contact means adjacent to the first in the circumferential direction.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description, in which several exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The can in the claims and in the features mentioned in the description may be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.

1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a detail of the device of Fig. 1 in an enlarged view

Representation, Fig. 3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second embodiment, Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the coils one

Coil group and Fig. 5 shows the circuit diagram of a series connection of the coils one

Coil group.

1 shows a perspective view of an incomplete representation of a first embodiment 1 of the invention. Only the stator 2 is shown, which has three coil groups, each of which has four coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d arranged distributed in the circumferential direction 6. In the circumferential direction 6, the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group and the coils 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are arranged alternately in succession 3a-4a-5a-3b-4b -...- 4d-5d. The coils 3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d of each coil group can each be switched electrically in series or electrically in parallel by a switching means which extends and rotates in the circumferential direction 6 and has a switching ring 8 which runs in the circumferential direction 6. For reasons of clarity, only the wiring or connection of the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 is shown schematically. The coils 4a to 4d and 5a to 5d of the second and third coil groups are wired or connected in a corresponding manner. FIG. 2 shows a detail of the device of FIG. 1 in an enlarged view. A first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group is firmly connected to a first connection electrode 10 of the first coil group, for example pressed, glued, soldered or welded. The first connection electrode 10 is formed with the formation of a first connection distributor 10b as an almost closed ring-shaped band made of an electrically conductive material, for example copper, and is guided in one piece to the outside of the device and can be electrically contacted there by means of a first connection lug 10a. Correspondingly, a second coil connection 11 of a last coil 3d of the first coil group (not shown in FIG. 2) of the first coil group is connected to a second connection electrode, which can also be electrically contacted via a second connection distributor 12b from outside the device by means of a connection tab 12a. Which is in

Connection distributors 10b, 12b extending in the circumferential direction are guided to each coil 3a to 3b of the associated coil group.

The second coil connection 13 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group to be connected by the switching means is firmly connected to a flat and curved connection element 14 which is passed under the connection distributors 10b, 12b and forms a first connection contact means 1 5 for the second coil connection 13 in one piece. The first connection contact means 15 is arranged circumferentially at a position corresponding to the coil 3a and forms a part-circular cylindrical outer surface on which a connecting element 16 in the form of a circular cylindrical roller or needle can roll or can be displaced. The connecting element 16, on the other hand, rolls on a flat connecting contact means 17 and / or is displaceable on it, wherein the electrically conductive connection contact means 1 7 is embedded in the electrically insulating switching ring 8 in a rotationally fixed manner. The first connection contact means 15, together with the switching ring 8 and the connection contact means 1 7, form a partially open chamber which forms stops for the movement of the connection element 1 6. Via the connection contact means 17, the connection element 16 is permanently in electrical contact with a further connection element 18, which in the position shown is in contact with a part-circular cylindrical second connection contact means 19, which is formed in one piece by the second connection distributor 12b of the second connection electrode. In the position of the switching ring 8 shown, the first coil 3a of the first coil group is therefore connected between the two connecting lugs 10a, 12a and thus connected in parallel with the further coils 3b to 3d of the first coil group.

When the switching ring 8 rotates in the circumferential direction 6, that is to say counterclockwise in the illustration in FIG. 2, the connection of the second coil connection 1 3 to the second connection lug 1 2a is interrupted and instead a connection between the second coil connection 1 3, the first Connection contact means 1 5, the further connection element 18, the connection contact means 1 7 and the connection element 16 connected to a third connection contact means 20. The third connection contact means 20 is connected via a part-circular curved connection distributor 21 to a further connection contact means (not shown in FIG. 2), which is arranged in a circumferential direction 6 at a position corresponding to the second coil 3b of the first coil group. In the switch position that has been changed from the illustration in FIG. 2, this is connected to a first coil connection of the second coil 3b, as a result of which the coils 3a and 3b and also 3c and 3d of the first coil group are electrically connected in series.

The connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and / or the connection contact means 17 can be designed to be resiliently deformable in such a way that the contact force required for the respective current carrying capacity can be applied by them. As an alternative or in addition, the connection contact means 17 or the switching ring 8 receiving it can be supported by a circumferential clamping ring 22 in the direction of the connection contact means 15, 19, 20. In a corresponding manner, a support ring arranged radially (not shown) within the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 and rotating in the circumferential direction 6 can support the connection contact means 15, 19, 20 in the direction of the connection contact means 17 in order to reliably ensure the contact force in the long term.

The ring-shaped free space 24 that can be seen in FIG. 2 between the connection distributor 21 and the switching ring 8 serves to accommodate the corresponding connection distributors and connection distributors for the second and third coil groups.

3 shows a section of an incomplete supervision of a second exemplary embodiment 101. The rotor 123, which is rotatable about the rotor axis 123a, is shown only incompletely and schematically. Only the first and second coils 103a, 103b of the first are on the stator 102

Coil group shown. The first coil connection 109 of the first coil 103a is firmly connected to the first connection electrode 110 and can be electrically contacted via the first connection distributor 110b from outside the device via the first connection tab 110a. The second Coil connection 1 13 of the first coil 103a is connected to the connection element 1 14, which forms a connection contact means 1 15 in one piece, the first connection element 1 16, the connection contact means 1 1 7 embedded in the switching ring 108, the further connection element 1 18 and the second connection contact means 1 19 connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b, which can be electrically contacted from outside the device via the second connection lug 1 12a.

The first connection lug 1 10a is via the first connection distributor 1 10b, a fourth connection contact means 125, preferably formed in one piece, a second connection element 126, a second connection contact means 127, a further second connection element 128 and a fifth connection contact means 129 with a first coil connection 139 of the second coil 103b connected.

A second coil connection 131 of the second coil 103b is connected to the second connection distributor 1 12b via a second connection element 134, which integrally forms a second connection contact means 135, a third connection element 136, a third connection contact means 137 and a further third connection element 138 and thus from the outside the device can be electrically contacted via the second connecting lug 1 12a. In the position of the switching ring 108 shown, the coils 103a, 103b of the first coil group are thus electrically connected in parallel. Switching to a series connection of the coils within the coil groups is carried out by rotating the switching ring 108 in the circumferential direction 106, that is to say counterclockwise, by an angle of rotation of less than 10 °, for example 5 °. The one for the second and third coil groups effective connection elements and connection contact means are indicated in FIG. 3.

4 shows the circuit diagram of the parallel connection of the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3. The first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a of the first coil group 3 can be contacted via the first connection distributor 10b and the first connection lug 10a. Correspondingly, the second coil connection 11 of the last coil 3d of the first coil group 3 can be contacted via the second connection distributor 12b and the second connection lug 12a. Through the schematically represented

Switching means 7, the rotatability of which is indicated by the double arrow 25, are the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 of the parallel connection shown in FIG. 4, in which each coil 3a to 3d is connected between the connecting lugs 10a and 12a, in the 5, in which the coils 3a to 3d are electrically connected in series and the first connection lug 10a is only connected to the first coil connection 9 of the first coil 3a and can be switched back. Although only the switchover relating to the coils 3a to 3d of the first coil group 3 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the switching means 7 act in a corresponding manner on the corresponding switch arrangements for the coils of the second and third coil groups 4 and 5 and preferably switch them simultaneously and similar to the coils of the first coil group 3 between the parallel and serial connection.

Claims

Patent claims

1 . Device for converting electrical into mechanical energy and / or vice versa, in particular a combined motor / generator device (1; 101), with a rotor (123), a stator (2; 102), at least two electrical connections and at least three in Circumferential direction (6; 106) arranged distributed

Coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b), each of which has two coil connections (9, 13; 109, 1 13), characterized in that the one in the circumferential direction (6; 106) Device-extending and rotatable switching means, the coil connections (9, 1 3; 109, 1 13) can be predetermined and connected to one another and / or to the electrical connections.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching means in the circumferential direction (6; 106) distributed switching elements, each of which to be connected

Coil connections (9, 13; 109, 1 13) are spatially assigned and can be actuated by a single actuating means, preferably together.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switching means has a circumferential circumferential switching ring (8; 108).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coils optionally in by the switching means

Star or delta connection can be switched.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by at least two coil groups, each having at least two coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) arranged distributed in the circumferential direction (6; 106), and in that in

Circumferential direction (6; 106) coils (3a to 3d) of a first coil group and coils (4a to 4d, 5a to 5d) of further coil groups are arranged alternately one behind the other and that the switching means cause the coils (3a to 3d, 4a to 4d, 5a to 5d; 103a, 103b) at least one and preferably each coil group can optionally be electrically connected in series or electrically in parallel.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that a first coil connection (9; 109) of a first coil (3a, 4a, 5a; 103a) of each coil group is fixedly connected to a first connection electrode (10; 1 10) of the respective coil group, that a second coil connection (1 1) of a last coil (3d, 4d, 5d) of each coil group is firmly connected to a second connection electrode (12; 1 12) of the respective coil group and that the first and second connection electrodes (10, 12; 1 10 , 1 12) each coil group can be electrically contacted from outside the device.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the first and second connection electrodes (10, 12; 1 10, 1 12) by connection distributors (1 Ob, 12b; 1 1 Ob, 1 12b) extending in the circumferential direction (6; 106) ) are led to each coil of the associated coil group.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coil connections to be connected by the switching means (9; 109) are each connected to a connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5), which in the circumferential direction (6; 106) is arranged at a position corresponding to the associated coil (3a; 103a), and that the switching means has connection contact means (17; 1 1 7) which are arranged radially and / or axially with respect to the connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5).

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the connection contact means (15; 1 1 5) from a radially and / or axially adjacent and in the circumferential direction (6; 106) circumferential support ring in the direction of the connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7 ) are supported.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the connecting contact means (1 7; 1 1 7) from a radially and / or axially adjacent and circumferential (6; 106) circumferential clamping ring (22) in the direction of the connection contact means ( 1 5; 1 15) are supported.

1 1. Device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that between the connection contact means (1 5; 1 1 5) and the connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7) connecting elements (16, 18; 1 16, 1 18) with at least one are arranged in sections circular cylindrical outer peripheral surface, the

Longitudinal axis parallel to the stator or rotor axis (123a).

12. The device according to claim 1 1, characterized in that in each case two connecting elements spaced apart in the circumferential direction (6; 106) (1 6, 18; 1 16, 1 18) connect two connection contact means (1 5, 1 9; 1 1 5, 1 1 9) with each other using the associated connection contact means (1 7; 1 1 7).