WO2001062000A1

WO2001062000A1 - Method and system for distributing an event

Info

Publication number: WO2001062000A1
Application number: PCT/US2001/040107
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Ledbetter
Original assignee: Michael Ledbetter
Priority date: 2000-02-14
Filing date: 2001-02-14
Publication date: 2001-08-23
Also published as: AU2001247969A1; US20020095682A1

Abstract

A method of distributing an event to a viewer including capturing the event on a capturing device as a broadcast transmission that has at least a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution, then transmitting the broadcast transmission to a distributing device and then distributing the broadcast transmission from the distributing device to the viewer over a standard twisted pair wire at the at least 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

Description

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTING AN EVENT

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to the transmission of broadcast quality

events to a viewer and listener, and more particularly, to a method and system of

distributing broadcast quality events to those viewers and listeners over a standard twisted

pair copper wire.

Description of the Related Art

The current state of broadcast quality video and audio through both data networks

and standard televisions is problematic. The main reason for this problem is a problem

known in the industry as the "last mile" problem. This "last mile" problem is explained

with reference to prior art FIG. 1.

Prior art FIG. 1 is a block diagram view of the current state of delivering broadcast

quality content (for example, movies, news, sports, sitcoms, etc.) and stereophonic audio to

an audience. In FIG. 1, captured content 5 is being sent to an audience 10 through the

transmitter 15 and receiver 20. The captured content 5 can be any content such as movies,

news, sports, commercials that is captured by a camera, audio receiver or the like. The

captured content 5 is transmitted through a twisted pair 25 to the transmitter 15. The

twisted pair 25 is a standard category 5 copper wire that is used in the paradigm of prior art

FIG. 1. Cables can also be used to transmit the captured content 5 to the transmitter 15, as well as media twist copper lines. Generally, the twisted pair 25 is needed since the content

is captured using a camera and the broadcast quality signal needs to be transmitted to

audiences at their home. It is therefore imperative that the captured content 5 and quality

of that captured content 5 remain at a broadcast quality level of appearance.

The broadcast quality level is typically determined by the pixel resolution of the

image being viewed. Broadcast quality is known throughout the industry as a quality of at

least 1 ,000 pixel by 1 ,000 pixels resolution. This is higher than the standard quality that

audiences are used to viewing a captured content on a television (700 pixels by 800 pixels

resolution). The general distance between the captured content 5 to the transmitter 15 is

normally a few miles, such as the distance from an athletic stadium to a van or truck

outside that will transmit the captured event inside the athletic stadium. The event is then

transmitted from the transmitter 15 to the receiver 20. The transmitter 15 is generally a

satellite held on a satellite truck outside of a athletic stadium, for example, using the

previous example, and the receiver 20 is generally a cable distributor that receives the

satellite signal of the captured content at the cable station. From the receiver, the captured

content is sent to the audience 10 through a cable 30. Herein lies the problem addressed by

the present invention. The distance from the receiver to the audience is typically known as

the "last mile" problem discussed above. That is, in the past, the captured content arriving

at the receiver 20 maintained the broadcast quality level of resolution of approximately

1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixels. However, to maintain that resolution to the audience 10, a

cable line was needed or other means that maintained the quality of the captured content.

- 9 Alternatives to the cable means was another satellite transmitter at the receiver 20 with a

satellite receiver at the audience 10. Unfortunately, several problems exist with the cable

30 and satellite (not shown) alternatives to sending the captured content across the last mile

35.

A first problem is that cable lines are expensive to route from the receiver 20 to the

audience 10. Likewise, satellite distribution of the captured content between the receiver

20 to the audience 10 requires equipment set up at the receiver 20 and audience 10 and

costs are prohibitably high.

A further problem is that, in addition to broadcast quality content to a television,

that same broadcast quality also needs to be sent to a computer, television or receiver

through a data network. That is, the captured content 5 also may go through the cable 30 or

satellite as long as sufficient broadband space is available on the cable or the satellite. In

addition to cable and satellite for data information, telephone companies are providing

digital subscriber lines to the broadband signals to the audience 10 from the receiver 20.

However, few consumers have taken advantage of the broadband advantages of DSL, cable

modems and satellites because the quality of the captured content arriving on either the

computer or television is not broadcast quality content. Thus, consumers who want

broadband links have two choices: cable television companies which are about 2/3 of the

way done with revamping the systems so that they can connect customers to the internet;

and phone companies which are adding electronics to their switching centers to let them offer a high-speed service called digital subscriber lines. Satellite link ups are also

becoming available but are trailing way behind.

Few people are taking advantage of this broadband capacity because customers are

looking for an application that makes the broadband world touchable and believable to

them, that shows its benefit. At present, the quality of the video content being sent over

the internet has a poor resolution so consumers are not interested in purchasing the

broadband services.

hi essence, a severe problem exists in the industry in that the "last mile" 35 needs to

be able to provide the captured content from the receiver 20 to the audience 10 at a

broadcast quality level in order for consumers to watch the captured content on computers

and televisions.

A need therefore exists for a manner of sending a broadcast quality content from the

receiver 20 to the audience at a low cost to consumers and the industry as a whole. One

method that would truly lower costs to all the telecommunications industry would be to

provide the captured content 5 through a standard category 5 twisted pair copper wire that

exists in virtually every office and home having a telephone. If it was possible to send a

broadcast quality captured content from the receiver 20 through a category 5 copper wire to

the audience 10 and maintain the broadcast quality of the signal, low infrastructure costs

and easy application could be performed by the telecommunications industry. However,

under current conventional systems, a category 5 twisted pair copper wire is not capable of

maintaining the broadcast quality from the receiver 20 to the audience 10 at the last mile. One product known as the A/V Twister® sold by Prime Image, Inc. of San Jose,

California has attempted to solve a problem of sending a broadcast quality captured content

5 between the captured content 5 and a transmitter 15 through a category 5 copper wire 25.

The A/V Twister® is a modulator/demodulator system 40 that is placed between the

captured content 5 and a transmitter 15 in order to maintain the broadcast quality along the

copper wire 25 between the captured content 5 and the transmitter 15. Typically, the

modulator/demodulator system 40 is capable of maintaining a broadcast quality content for

up to one mile on a standard category 5 copper wire or up to two miles on a media twist

wire. As mentioned above, this modulator/demodulator system has only been used

between the captured content 5 and the transmitter 15 but never between the receiver 20

and the audience 10.

A need therefore exists for a method of distributing the captured content between a

receiver and an audience using a standard category 5 twisted pair wire.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides for a method of distributing an event to a viewer by

capturing the event on a capturing device as a broadcast transmission. The broadcast

transmission has at least a 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution. The broadcast transmission

is then transmitted to a distributing device where the broadcast transmission is distributed

from the distributing device to a viewer over standard twisted pair wire at the 1000 pixel by

1000 pixel resolution. The invention, in a further embodiment, provides for a method of distributing an

event to a viewer by capturing the event on a capturing device as a broadcast transmission

where the broadcast transmission has at least a frequency of 4.5 megahertz. The broadcast

transmission is then transmitted to a distributing device and then the distributing device

distributes the broadcast transmission to the viewer over standard twisted pair wire at at

least a frequency of 4.5 megahertz.

In a still further embodiment, the present invention provides for a method of

distributing a stereophonic event to a listener by capturing the stereophonic event on a

capturing device into a stereophonic transmission, transmitting the stereophonic

transmission to a distributing device and distributing the stereophonic transmission from

the distributing device to the listener over a standard twisted pair wire.

In an even further embodiment, the present invention provides for a method of

distributing a stereophonic and visual event to a viewer by capturing both the stereophonic

and visual event on a capturing device into a stereophonic and broadcast transmission,

where the stereophonic and broadcast transmission have at least a 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel

resolution. Then the stereophonic and broadcast transmission is transmitted to a

distributing device where both the stereophonic and broadcast transmission are distributed

from the distributing device to the viewer over a standard twisted pair wire at the at least

1000 by 1000 pixel resolution.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides for a system for distributing

an event to a viewer that includes a capturing device for capturing the event as a broadcast transmission where the broadcast transmission has at least a 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel

resolution, a transmitting device for transmitting the broadcast transmission to a

distributing device and a modulator/demodulator device between the distributing device

and the viewer for distributing the broadcast transmission from the distributing device to

the viewer over standard twisted pair wire at at least a 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution.

The present invention further provides, in another embodiment, for a system for

distributing an event to a viewer that includes a capturing device for capturing the event as

a broadcast transmission where the broadcast transmission has at least a frequency of 4.5

megahertz, a transmitting device for transmitting the broadcast transmission to a

distributing device, and a modulator/demodulator device between the distributing device

the viewer over a standard twisted pair wire at a frequency of at least 4.5 megahertz.

In a further embodiment, the present invention provides for a system for distributing

a stereophonic event to a listener including a capturing device for capturing the

stereophonic event as a stereophonic transmission, a transmitting device for transmitting

the stereophonic transmission to a distributing device and a modulator/demodulator device

between the distributing device and the listener for distributing the stereophonic

transmission from the distributing device to the listener over a standard twisted pair wire.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the advantages thereof

will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference of the detailed

description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Prior art FIG. 1 is a block diagram view of a conventional system for delivering

broadcast quality content; and

FIG. 2 is a block diagram view of an embodiment of the system of the present

invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention has a tremendous application to solve the problems related in

the prior art relating to the "last mile" problem. Those benefits are apparent from FIG. 2

which is a block diagram view of an embodiment of the system of the present invention. In

FIG. 2, an event 200 is to be transmitted to a viewer 205. The event may be any type of

television content, for example, movies, news, sports, advertisements, or any other type of

content that may be viewed by a viewer. The event may further be an audio event that may

be listened to by a listener. Thus, the viewer 205, may be a listener (not shown) in a further

embodiment of the present invention. Again, it is noted that the event, and content

contained therein, be transmitted to the viewer as shown in FIG. 2. For example, in one

embodiment, the event may be an athletic event, such as a football game, that is going to be

transmitted to a viewer 205, to be viewed on a television (not shown) or computer monitor.

The event is captured at 200, typically by broadcast quality camera, but may also be captured by any type of capturing device such as a recording device or other visual or audio

recording means. The broadcast quality camera that captures the event 200 typically

captures the event at a resolution of at least 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel. That is, as is well

known in the broadcast art, the quality of the content being captured is broadcast quality, or

of a resolution that is at least 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel as is well known in the art.

The event is typically conveyed to a transmitted 210 for further distribution. It is

noted that the event is captured as a broadcast transmission, prior to sending the broadcast

transmission to the transmitter 210. However, it is not necessary that the captured event be

captured as a broadcast transmission at that point but only necessary that the event be

somehow transmitted to the transmitter 210. After the event is transmitted to the

transmitter 210, the transmitter transmits the broadcast transmission to a distributing device

215. It is noted that the captured event will broadcast transmission that is sent from the

event 200 to the transmitter 210 and from the transmitter 210 to the distribution device 215

may be transmitted through various means. These means include transmitting the

broadcast transmission over, for example, a satellite transmitter at the transmitter 210 that

is received at the distribution device by satellite receiver. Other possible methods include

transmitting the broadcast transmission over a cable line and receiving the broadcast

transmission by a television receiver as the distribution device. Still further means includes

transmitting the broadcast transmission over a media twist line and receiving the broadcast

transmission by television receiver at the distribution device 215. By media twist, it is

understood that this type of line is well known in the art and is manufactured by a company known as Belcore. Once the broadcast transmission arrives at the distribution device 215,

the distribution device may then send the broadcast transmission to the viewer 205 through

a standard twisted pair wire 220. Here is the true benefit of the present invention. By

using a standard twisted pair wire 220, in conjunction with a modulator/demodulator 225,

the broadcast transmission maintains it 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution when it arrives

at the viewer 205. In the past, a cable wire or satellite needed to be used in order to

maintain that 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution. This was expensive and burdensome to

provide since cable lines needed to be connected to all viewers 205. However, twisted pair

standard wire 220 is commonly used throughout all present locations such as homes and

offices, as a standard telephone twisted pair wire. Thus, it is possible to easily use that

infrastructure already set up in conjunction with the modulator/demodulator 225 to

maintain the quality of the transmission for a distance of up to one mile using the standard

twisted pair wire 220. Never before has a standard twisted pair wire 220 been capable of

maintaining the 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution at these distances. It is here that the

true benefit of the invention is provided.

It is noted that the same benefits provided to a viewer 205 to receive at least a 1000

pixel by 1000 pixel resolution image is also available for stereophonic audio which was

never before capable of being transmitted over a standard twisted pair wire in the past.

Likewise, the combination of both the stereophonic transmission and the broadcast

transmission simultaneously across the twisted pair wire 220 has also never been achieved.

Thus, tremendous advantages and cost savings are achieved by using the modulator/demodulator 225 in conjunction with the standard twisted pair wire 220 to

distribute both visual and stereophonic audio to a viewer and listener, respectively. It is

noted that the modulator/demodulator may be a standard A/V Twister® that is

manufactured by Prime Image, Inc. of San Jose, California, as described in the publication

"A/V Twister, Twisted Pair Wire Carries the Load of Cable," and printed in September

1998 by Prime Image, Inc. hereby incorporated by reference.

The method an system of the present invention has an endless number of

applications. For example, any local area network utilizing personal computers may be

connected over a standard twisted pair wire to deliver high resolution (1000 pixel by 1000

pixel) broadcast transmission to each work station. Again, as long as the

modulator/demodulator is placed between the distribution device and the viewer, such

standard copper twisted pair wire may be utilized. Another application would include

networks for municipalities of a territory to communicate, on a scheduled basis, or in an

emergency situation across live video feeds at the current 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel

broadcast quality transmission. In this application, the event would be a recorded or

captured event from a mayor's office, Chamber of Commerce, police department, or fire

department which would be distributed, for example, through microwave or satellite

communication to other municipality offices and distributed from that distribution device,

such as the satellite, down to individual televisions or computer screens utilizing the

twisted pair wires at a 1000 pixel by 1000 pixel resolution. Still another application includes events in hotels, entertainment facilities or the like

that could be transmitted between hotels at the 1000 by 1000 pixel resolution. Again, the

applications are endless depending on the event which is to be transmitted to a viewer at

the broadcast quality.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method of distributing an event to a viewer, comprising:

capturing said event on a capturing device as a broadcast transmission, said

broadcast transmission having at least a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution;

transmitting said broadcast transmission to a distributing device; and

distributing said broadcast transmission from said distributing device to said viewer

over a standard twisted pair wire at said at least 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said capturing step further comprises the step of

capturing said event on a broadcast quality camera.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said capturing step further comprises having said

broadcast transmission with greater than a 1 ,000 pixel by 1 ,000 pixel resolution.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said capturing step further comprises having said

broadcast transmission with a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of: transmitting said broadcast transmission over a satellite transmitter; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a satellite receiver.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said broadcast transmission over a cable line; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a television receiver.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said broadcast transmission over a media twist line; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a television receiver.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

distributing said broadcast transmission from said distributing device to said viewer over a

copper wire.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

category five copper wire.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

media twist line.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of:

over a standard twisted pair wire at a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of:

over a standard twisted pair wire at greater than a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of:

over said standard twisted pair wire for a distance of up to one mile at said at least 1,000

pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of: distributing said broadcast transmission from said distributing device to said viewer

over said media twist for a distance of up to two miles at said at least 1,000 pixel by 1,000

pixel resolution.

15. A method of distributing an event to a viewer, comprising:

capturing said event on a capturing device as a broadcast transmission, said

broadcast transmission having at least a frequency of 4.5 megahertz;

transmitting said broadcast transmission to a distributing device; and

over a standard twisted pair wire at said at least a frequency of 4.5 megahertz.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said capturing step further comprises the step of

capturing said event on a broadcast quality camera.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said capturing step further comprises having said

broadcast transmission with greater than a 4.5 megahertz frequency.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein said capturing step further comprises having said

broadcast transmission with 4.5 megahertz frequency.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said broadcast transmission over a satellite transmitter; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a satellite receiver.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said broadcast transmission over a cable line; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a television receiver.

21. The method of claim 15, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said broadcast transmission over a media twist line; and

receiving said broadcast transmission by a television receiver.

22. The method of claim 15, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

copper wire.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

category five copper wire.

24. The method of claim 15, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

media twist line.

25. The method of claim 15, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of:

over a standard twisted pair wire at a frequency of 4.5 megahertz.

26. The method of claim 15, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of:

over a standard twisted pair wire at greater than a frequency of 4.5 megahertz.

27. The method of claim 15, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

over said standard twisted pair wire for a distance of up to one mile at said at least a

frequency of 4.5 megahertz.

28. The method of claim 10, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of:

over said media twist for a distance of up to two miles at said at least a frequency of 4.5

megahertz.

29. A method of distributing a stereophonic event to a listener, comprising:

capturing said stereophonic event on a capturing device into a stereophonic

transmission; transmitting said stereophonic transmission to a distributing device;

distributing said stereophonic transmission from said distributing device to said

listener over a standard twisted pair wire.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said capturing step further comprises the step of

capturing said stereophonic event on a broadcast quality camera.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of: transmitting said stereophonic transmission over a satellite transmitter; and

receiving said stereophonic transmission by a satellite receiver.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said stereophonic transmission over a cable line; and

receiving said stereophonic transmission by a television receiver.

33. The method of claim 29, wherein said transmitting step further comprises the steps

of:

transmitting said stereophonic transmission over a media twist line; and

receiving said stereophonic transmission by a stereophonic receiver.

34. The method of claim 29, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

distributing said stereophonic transmission from said distributing device to said listener

over a copper wire.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

distributing said broadcast transmission from said distributing device to said listener over a

category five copper wire.

36. The method of claim 29, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step of

over a media twist line.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of:

listener over said media twist for a distance of up to two miles.

38. The method of claim 29, wherein said distributing step further comprises the step

of:

listener over said standard twisted pair wire for a distance of up to one mile.

39. A method of distributing a stereophonic and visual event to a viewer, comprising:

capturing said stereophonic and visual event on a capturing device into a

stereophonic and broadcast transmission, said stereophonic and broadcast transmission

having at least a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution;

transmitting said stereophonic and broadcast transmission to a distributing device; simultaneously distributing said stereophonic transmission from said distributing

device to said listener over a standard twisted pair wire at said at least 1,000 pixel by 1,000

pixel resolution.

40. A system for distributing an event to a viewer, comprising:

a capturing device for capturing said event as a broadcast transmission, said

broadcast transmission having at least a 1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution;

a transmitting device for transmitting said broadcast transmission to a distributing

device; and

a modulator/demodulator device between said distributing device and said viewer

for distributing said broadcast transmission from said distributing device to said viewer

41. The system of claim 40, wherein said capturing device is a broadcast quality

camera.

42. The system of claim 40, wherein said broadcast transmission has greater than a

1,000 pixel by 1,000 pixel resolution.

43. The system of claim 40, wherein said broadcast transmission has a 1,000 pixel by

1,000 pixel resolution.

44. The system of claim 40, wherein said transmitting device is a satellite transmitter.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein said distributing device is a satellite receiver.

46. The system of claim 40, wherein said transmitting device is a cable line.

47. The system of claim 46, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver.

48. The system of claim 40, wherein said transmitting device is a media twist line.

49. The system of claim 48, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver.

50. The system of claim 40, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a copper wire.

51. The system of claim 40, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a category five

copper wire.

52. The system of claim 40, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a media twist

line.

53. A system for distributing an event to a viewer, comprising:

a capturing device for capturing said event as a broadcast transmission, said

broadcast transmission having at least a frequency of 4.5 megahertz;

device; and

a modulator/demodulator device between said distributing device and said viewer

54. The system of claim 53, wherein said capturing device is a broadcast quality

camera.

55. The system of claim 53, wherein said broadcast transmission has greater than 4.5

megahertz frequency.

56. The system of claim 53, wherein said broadcast transmission has a 4.5 megahertz

frequency.

57. The system of claim 53, wherein said transmitting device is a satellite transmitter.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein said distributing device is a satellite receiver.

59 The system of claim 53, wherein said transmitting device is a cable line.

60 The system of claim 59, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver

61 The system of claim 53, wherein said transmitting device is a media twist line.

62 The system of claim 61, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver

63 The system of claim 53, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a copper wire.

64 The system of claim 53, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a category five

copper wire.

65 The system of claim 53, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a media twist

line.

66 A system for distnbutmg a stereophonic event to a listener, compπsmg:

a capturing device for capturing said stereophonic event as a stereophonic

transmission; a transmitting device for transmitting said stereophonic transmission to a

distributing device; and

a modulator/demodulator device between said distributing device and said listener

for distributing said stereophonic transmission from said distributing device to said listener

over a standard twisted pair wire.

67. The system of claim 66, wherein said capturing device is a broadcast quality

camera.

68. The system of claim 66, wherein said transmitting device is a satellite transmitter.

69. The system of claim 68, wherein said distributing device is a satellite receiver.

70. The system of claim 66, wherein said transmitting device is a cable line.

71. The system of claim 70, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver.

72. The system of claim 66, wherein said transmitting device is a media twist line.

73. The system of claim 72, wherein said distributing device is a television receiver.

74. The system of claim 66, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a copper wire.

75. The system of claim 66, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a category five

copper wire.

76. The system of claim 66, wherein said standard twisted pair wire is a media twist

line.