WO2001062464A1

WO2001062464A1 - Apparatus for mixing and molding different types of plastics

Info

Publication number: WO2001062464A1
Application number: PCT/JP2001/001273
Authority: WO
Inventors: Masao Konishi
Original assignee: Masao Konishi
Priority date: 2000-02-22
Filing date: 2001-02-21
Publication date: 2001-08-30
Also published as: AU3411001A

Abstract

An apparatus for mixing and molding different types of plastics characterized in that it comprises a section for converting a plastic into hair-like fibers, a section for mixing by agitating the resultant plastic hair-like fiber with a natural plant fiber (cellulose) into one piece, to thereby prepare a composite, a section for preheating the composite to remove moisture and soften it, a section for compressing under heat the softened composite to prepare a molded molten composite, and a section for cooling to coagulate and solidify the molded molten composite. The apparatus, which has above-mentioned separate sections, allows suppression and control of the coagulation energy of polymers and thus leads to the production of desired recycled products from a variety of plastic wastes comprised of different types of plastics.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of mixing a plastic and a cellulose component to be used for packaging materials, distribution materials, cushioning materials, interior composite materials such as automobiles or furniture, building civil engineering materials, and the like. It relates to a mixing molding device for obtaining a composite plastic plate. Background Art When an extruder or a twin-screw kneader is used to melt-mold a plastic waste material such as an automobile interior material to obtain a remolded product, the remolded product may be exfoliated or thermally distorted. However, a stable molded product could not be obtained. For this reason, it was thought that the composite of plastic materials was the cause of thermal strain. Therefore, the separation and sorting of plastic materials was regarded as a minimum item to be observed, and it was not possible to spread recycling in plastics where sorting of materials was difficult.

Plastic waste exists in a mixed state of various types such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PE (polyethylene), and PET (polyethylene phthalate). In order to promote plastic recycling of these plastic wastes, conventional recycling methods can identify plastic materials once, then melt only carefully selected materials and apply them to molding processing In such a melt molding method, PVC is used as a matrix and recycled from a mixed PVC / PE resin that requires the incorporation of a different resin, PE. When a product was requested, the boundary surface of PVCZPE was peeled or cracked, and the value and physical strength of the product could not be obtained from the recycled PVC / PE product. According to the invention of the present application, when melt molding is performed on a plastic material in which various types of fibers are mixed for the purpose of effective use of resources, it is required to suppress the cohesion energy of the polymer which causes peeling or cracks generated in the regenerated product. Thing, stable It provides plastic mixing and molding equipment for reclaimed products. Disclosure of the Invention When melt-molding is performed in a mixed state of incompatible plastics, a series of processes such as melting, flow, shaping, and cooling are performed. During the process, the cohesive energy of the polymer could not be suppressed, and only the compacts that had changed into a sea-island structure could be expected. In the present invention, the polymer is once brought into a softened and fluidized state, each polymer is determined to have a molecular orientation into a chain polymer, and is subjected to a physical constitution into a plastic fiber hair. By obtaining a composite of plastic fiber bristles that have been converted into a chain polymer in a dry state, a polymer composite in which different types of plastic materials are entangled in a macroscopic manner is physically determined. At this time, in order to cope with the cohesive change due to the difference in cohesive energy, the intercalation of cellulose components mixed in natural plant fibers between the chain polymer and the cohesive energy absorption effect Stirring to seek improvement ■ By performing a mixing action, a physical structure is formed into a three-dimensional network structure in which different kinds of resins are entangled, and then a preheating operation is performed in the next process to obtain a three-dimensional network structure. After softening the body sufficiently and removing the water mixed in the cellulose in the preheating step, it will be further evolved to the next step of hot pressing. In the hot pressing process, the plastic fibers are welded to each other by applying compression heat to the three-dimensional mesh structure where plastics are entangled by applying heat compression using upper and lower hot plates. And compact. In the rejection process, the chain polymer is shrunk by using a quenching effect against the cohesive displacement of the polymer, and solidified into a solidified body for the first time. Become. In the conventional melt-forming process using a plastic melt extruder or twin-screw mixer, the melt is separated from the polymer melt and agglomeration displacement during a series of melting processes such as flow, shaping, and cooling. However, in the present invention, it is possible to reduce the cohesive energy of the polymer by physically subdividing each process, and a series of plastic mixing to form a stable regenerated product Providing molding equipment, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PE (polyethylene), which are incompatible, cannot melt with each other. Therefore, when reusing plastic waste, it is necessary to separate and sort materials. However, it is affected by the cohesion energy of the polymer by applying hot-pressing to the physically entangled plastic fiber hairs after the formation into a chain-like polymer by the present invention. Without any problem, it is possible to obtain an arbitrary molded body, and it is also possible to obtain a mixed molded body of PVCZPE. Furthermore, since each plastic is formed into fiber bristle at one end, the fiber bristle exhibits a new function as an aggregate even in the subsequent composite molded body, and it is possible to secure physical property values that surpass even a single material However, there are features of the present invention (see FIG. 5). The plastic mixing and molding apparatus according to the present invention is capable of melting, flowing, and shaping. ■ A series of processes such as cooling are maintained and secured for each process that separates polymer melting and coagulation suppression, thereby reducing waste. It is now possible to separate and share the work process between the destination and the destination, and it is now possible to respond within a range of corporate responsibilities toward the creation of a resource recycling society. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a process diagram in a heteroplastic mixing apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a portion including a material charging section to a convection stirring tank of the heterogeneous plastic mixing and molding apparatus according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a portion including a preliminary screw of a heterogeneous plastic mixing molding apparatus according to the present invention, from a pre-screw to a cooling plate;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional network structure intertwined with one macroscopic; and Fig. 5 is a physical strength comparison table. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A plastic mixing and molding apparatus is a method for temporarily converting plastic into fibrous hair. In this process, natural plant fiber (cellulose) and plastic fiber hair are integrated into a single body by mixing and stirring to obtain a composite, followed by a preheating step of removing water and softening the composite, and compressing the softened composite. The heat and pressure process required for melting, the cooling process required for coagulation and solidification of the melted molded body, and the plastic mixing and molding equipment has separate processes as described above, thus suppressing the coagulation energy of the polymer. It is possible to process various kinds of plastic waste mixed with different kinds of plastics into any recycled products. Hereinafter, the main steps shown in the process diagram of FIG. 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 showing specific examples of the apparatus. Here, FIGS. 2 and 3 are combined by a dashed line A--A to form a single leaf drawing. FIG. 2 shows a portion from the raw material charging section to the convection stirring tank 19, and FIG. 3 to cooling plates 32 and 33 are shown. Rotational melt spinning process

In FIG. 2, the plastic raw material is indicated by reference numeral 1. The plastic material that can be treated according to the present invention has a melting point of plastic of 320. As long as it is a thermoplastic resin within C, it is not necessary to carefully select raw materials in particular, and it is possible to mix and process composite materials. The heater 7, the rotating plate 8, and the rotating plate drive motor 9 constitute a rotary melt spinning device. For example, a composite molded body made of PVC / PE is finely pulverized to an angle of about 3 to about 10 and then simultaneously put into a material input hopper 3. The raw material stored in the tub 3 is quantitatively supplied to the rotating plate 8 by the rotation of the screw shaft of the material supply cylinder equipped with the supply motor 4, but is installed on the outer periphery of the cylinder. It is possible to continuously supply water to the rotary plate main shaft supply port 6 while stably performing moisture removal and preheating drying of the plastic by the heater 5 that generates the heat medium and the like. The plastic crushed pieces that have been sufficiently softened in advance by the material supply cylinder are further melted by a heating medium 7 made of a heat medium or the like adjacent to the rotating plate 8 and melted into a gel state. However, the folding rotating plate continues to rotate at a high speed by the rotating plate drive motor 9. The plastic crushed pieces that have been melted and flowed inside the rotating plate 8 are flow-spun from the plasticized fluid into the outer peripheral inner wall surface of the rotating plate 8 by the centrifugal action of the rotating plate 8 that rotates at a high speed. It will be. A conventional melt extruder or twin-screw kneader On the other hand, the kneading and dispersing action by the mechanical screw is forcibly applied. For this reason, in the forced melting in a state where different types such as PVCZPE are mixed, the effect of the heat history causes the mixed melt of different resins to lead to the degradation phenomenon of the low molecular weight polymer. However, in the rotational melt spinning process according to the present invention, it becomes possible to flow the plastic from a plasticized state according to the softening and melting temperature of each polymer to the outer peripheral inner wall surface of the rotating plate 8, Even in the mixed state of different resins, plastic fiber hair having a pulling property can be discharged. Further, a thin discharge port 10 for applying pressure to the outer peripheral wall surface of the rotating plate 8 is provided, and the thin discharge port 10 for applying pressure to the fluidized plastic is made to be a currency. Then, it is turned into a single-fiber hair whose molecular orientation is determined into a chain polymer, and the next step is carried out by ejecting about 0.01 to 2.0 strokes of plastic fiber hair. Natural plant fiber

In FIG. 2, a natural plant fiber raw material is indicated by a reference numeral 2. Street trees, plants, wood chips, waste paper, etc. are composed of natural plant fibrous materials (cellulose), and these fibrous materials are defibrated by a fibrillator or a refiner to produce plant fiber wool containing cellulose as a main component. Can be obtained. It is desirable that the plant fiber hairs defibrated by a mechanical method have a fiber diameter of about 0.01 to 1.0 country and a fiber length of about 5 to 40 ran. There is no need to determine the physical property values in detail, and cellulosic fiber hairs having a cell opening as a main component and a water content of 10% or less are supplied to the convection stirring process. Quantitative supply process.

In order to quantitatively mix plastic fiber hairs and plant fiber hairs (cellulose), each discharge amount is arbitrarily adjusted by rotating the screws 14 and 17, and the convection stirring process is the next process. Move to. That is, the long fibers of the plastic discharged from the rotary melt spinning device are shortened by the plastic fiber cutting blade 11, and then the fixed amount of plastic consisting of the hopper 12 and the screw 14 with the driving motor 13 is supplied. The fixed amount is supplied to the next process by the equipment. The raw material for natural vegetable fiber is a natural fiber constant feeder consisting of a screw 17 with a hopper 15 and a drive motor 16. Is supplied to the next step. In this embodiment, for example, plastic fiber wool and plant fiber wool are tentatively mixed at a ratio of 50:50. However, depending on the physical strength required for the remanufactured product, the respective compounding ratios are adjusted by a screw. Adjustment can be arbitrarily performed by controlling the rotation of the conveyor, and if necessary, additional chemicals such as curing agents, foaming agents, and coloring agents will be added. Convection stirring process

Each of the quantified plastic fiber hairs and cellulose fiber hairs is put into a convection agitator # 19. The convection agitation tank 19 has an inverted bell-shaped cylindrical shape. At the bottom, large rotating blades 20 serving as a generation source for agitation work are installed, and are driven by a drive motor 21. A swirling convection is generated from the bottom surface of the stirring tank 19 by the rotation of the rotary wing 20, and flows as an ascending airflow along the inner peripheral wall surface of the stirring tank 19, and at a certain rate. After soaring to the height, it will be sucked by the downward suction action near the center of the stirring tank 19. Inside the agitation tank 19, it is always put in a spiral convection movement, and the plastic fiber hair and the cellulose fiber hair collide or become entangled in the convection movement in a zero-gravity state, so that they are formed as a composite. Thus, it is possible to request the construction as a three-dimensional network structure in which different kinds of plastic fiber hairs are intertwined. In this way, the physical configuration of the three-dimensional network structure that enables the absorption of cohesive energy by determining the polymer's expansion and contraction action by entanglement of each plastic fiber hair before hot pressing is determined. . Preheating process;

Before the hot pressing process, the plastic is sufficiently softened, the compression heat applied during the hot pressing process is used more effectively, and the three-dimensional network structure composed of different types is led to an integrated body. For this purpose, it is necessary to soften the plastic fiber hairs and remove moisture from the cellulose in the preheating step. '' Transport pipes for the three-dimensional network structure entangled by convection stirring Transfer to preheating furnace 24 by 18. A heater 22 made of a heat medium or the like is attached to the outer peripheral wall of the preheating furnace 24, and heat is radiated from the heater 22 so that a constant temperature is always maintained inside the preheating furnace 24. As well as providing preheating to the center or every corner of the three-dimensional network structure by the heat from the external heating medium, and providing a uniform preheating temperature to the complex by stirring with the supply screw 23, By pre-drying and removing the water contained in the fibrous hair (cell mouth), it is necessary to control in advance the hydrolysis and thermal history of the polymer generated during hot pressing. In this case, the amount of water contained in the cellulose is preferably kept within 10%, and the plastic fiber hair is preferably kept in a softened state before the molten state. Supply screw

The three-dimensional network structure sufficiently softened or dried in the preheating furnace 24 is quantitatively transferred by the rotation of the supply screw 23. Quantitative supply is possible by the rotation of the supply screw 23. At this time, the heating fiber 22 installed on the outer periphery of the preheating furnace 24 softens the plastic fiber hair and moisture of the plant fiber hair (cellulose). By performing the removal, it is possible to substitute the pre-heating step accompanying the previous step by the supply screw 23.

+ Minute pre-heating 分 The dried raw material can be stably supplied by the supply screw 23. The discharge sheet 23 of the supply screw 23 always has a peel sheet 27 or a mold (not shown). It is installed, and after applying a fixed amount on the peeling sheet 27, the scraping blades 25 rotate and move to reduce the bulk of the raw material in order to adjust the uniform bulk of the raw material. After alignment, the release sheet 27 is moved to supply the raw materials to the hot pressing process. Hot pressing process

In the hot press forming process, hot plates 28 and 29 are provided below and hot pressed to the three-dimensional mesh structure sandwiched between the peeling sheets 26 and 27. At this time, the upper and lower heat plates 28 and 29 are supplied with a heat source from an external heat medium, are provided with a heat plate that always secures a fixed amount of heat source, and perform compression operation several times. A reciprocating cylinder 30 and a hot plate compression mechanism 31 are provided. Figure Reference numeral 3 indicates a state in which the hot plates 28 and 29 are separated from each other. Heat release and compression from hot plates 28 and 29 ■ By repeating opening, degassing and releasing moisture and gas contained in raw materials and melting plastic. Plastic fiber bristles of different types are fused together with the same melting point plastic fiber bristles by the combined use of compression heat and frictional heat due to the compression action of hot plates 28 and 29, and the different resin fiber bristles are entangled with each other and measured for shrinkage. However, by seeking macroscopic entanglement between different polymers, even in the case of microphase separation phenomena, it is possible to arrange the formation as an arbitrary welded body that absorbs the aggregation displacement (see Fig. 4).

> With the release sheet 27 or the state of being sandwiched by the mold, the molten material promptly moves to the cooling process. Cooling process

After adjusting the formation as a welded body by compressing the hot plates 28 and 29, the upper and lower cooling plates 32 and 33 are quickly pressed down, and the heat radiation of the molded body is determined by the cooling plates 32 and 33 This makes it possible to stop the cohesive displacement of the chain polymer. Like the hot plates 28 and 29, the cooling plates 32 and 33 also have a reciprocating cylinder 34 and a cooling plate compression mechanism 35. Fig. 3 shows that the cooling plates 32 and 33 are pressed in opposite directions. FIG. The composite fibrous bodies welded by the hot plates 28 and 29 move between the steps while being peeled off from the separation sheets 26 and 27 (the upper and lower sides). The cooling plates 3 2 and 3 3 are always required to provide a uniform heat absorption effect to the molded body by always supplying cooling water or cooling gas from the outside. Fig. 5 shows the results of an experiment comparing the physical strength, such as bending and tensile strength, of the sample board according to the present invention and the conventional sample board obtained by melt-kneading. .

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A dissimilar plastic mixing and molding apparatus characterized by having a rotary melt-spinning process for melting plastic once to form plastic fiber hair.

2. The apparatus for molding and mixing different kinds of plastics according to claim 1, further comprising a convection-type stirring step of plastic fiber wool and natural plant fiber wool by a dry method.

3. The apparatus for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics according to claim 2, further comprising a preheating step in a state where the plastic fiber bristles and the natural plant fiber bristles are mixed.

4. The heterogeneous plastic mixing and molding apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a fixed-quantity supply step between the preheating step and the hot-pressing step, wherein the plastic fiber hair is transferred in a softened state.

5. The heterogeneous plastic mixing molding according to claim 4, wherein a heating / pressing step and a cooling step are separately provided, and the steps are moved between the steps in a state of being loaded on a peeling sheet or a mold between the steps. apparatus. ,

6. The apparatus for mixing and molding different plastics according to claim 5, further comprising a compression reciprocating mechanism capable of repeating the thermal compression a plurality of times in the hot-pressing step.

7. The heteroplastic mixing / molding apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a supply step for supplying a fixed amount of each of the plastic fiber hair and the natural plant fiber hair.

8. The apparatus for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics according to claim 5, wherein in the hot pressing step, separate upper and lower hot plates are provided.

9. The apparatus for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics according to claim 5, wherein in the cooling step, upper and lower cooling plates are separately provided.

10. Plastic fiber bristles are dried or softened until thermal compression. 2. The apparatus for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics according to claim 1, further comprising a device for transferring a distance.

11. The apparatus for mixing and molding different kinds of plastics according to claim 1, wherein release sheets for sandwiching the molten molded body are provided on upper and lower sides between the hot-pressing step and the cooling step.