WO2001070842A2

WO2001070842A2 - Polyurethane foams

Info

Publication number: WO2001070842A2
Application number: PCT/US2001/008888
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mohammad W. Katoot; Ahmed M. Katoot
Original assignee: Kt Holdings, Llc
Priority date: 2000-03-20
Filing date: 2001-03-20
Publication date: 2001-09-27
Also published as: AU2001247599A1; WO2001070842A3

Abstract

Polyurethane foams are formed as the reaction product of a polyol selected from a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent. Also, polyurethane foams are formed as the reaction product of a polyol selected from a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a syrup, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent. A method for producing polyurethane foam compositions is directed to producing a polyol blend comprising a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof, and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent. Also, a method for producing polyurethane foam compositions is directed to producing a polyol blend comprising a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a syrup, or a combination thereof, and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent.

Description

POLYURETHANE FOAMS

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present invention claims priority from pending U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/190,642 entitled "Polyurethane Foams" filed March 20, 2000.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to polyurethanes, and more specifically, the present invention relates to polyurethane foams and a process for preparing polyurethane foams.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Due to the finite supply of fossil fuels and the high cost of energy, the need to design energy-efficient buildings that are also economical becomes important. There are many conventional foams that are on the market, which are empolyed to improve the energy efficiency of buildings and structures. However, these foams, including polyurethane foams, use expensive chemicals in the manufacture of the foams, and many of these foams have toxic by-products after reaction.

Polyurethanes are formed by the reaction of a polyisocyanate compound, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with a polyhydroxyl- containing compound, such as a high molecular weight polyol. Generally, streams of approximately equal volume of the polyol and polyisocyanate are intermixed in a mixing head and then dispensed into a cavity or mold or onto a surface. After the polyisosyanate and the polyol are mixed, typically in the presence of a catalyst, the hydroxyls of the polyol and isocyanates of the polyisocyanate react to form the polyurethane. Commonly employed catalysts include tertiary amines (e.g., diaminobicyclooctane and N,N,- dimethylaminoethanol), lead compounds (e.g., lead octoate), tin compounds (e.g., dibutyltin dilaurate and stannous carboxylates, such as stannous octoate). Absent a blowing agent, the polymerization reaction produces a solid polyurethane.

Polyurethane foams are made by forming gas bubbles in the polymerizing mixture to fill or expand the polyurethane foam cells, which is achieved by using a blowing agent. The density of such foams can be controlled by the quantity and efficiency of the blowing agents. As indicated in U.S. Patent No. 5,177,1 19 to Motte, water may be employed as a blowing agent. Water added to the polyol reacts with the isocyanates to provide CO in situ, thereby causing the polyurethane to foam. Additionally, the use of low-boiling inert liquids, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs ), and pentanes to replace or augment the chemical blowing action of water has lead to advantages in certain properties, such as low thermal conductivity. Due to environmental concerns, however, CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs are disfavored over foams blown only with CO₂*

Motte states that the use of CO₂ generated from the reaction of water with isocyanate as a sole blowing agent requires relatively large amounts of water to obtain low density polyurethane foam grades. Such foams are difficult to process due to the increased exothermic conditions. Further, water also reacts with the polyisocyanate to produce a high density aromatic hard segment, such as a polyurea portion. With water levels above 4 parts by weight, this hard segment increase becomes a significant percentage that overpowers the softening characteristics of the standard polyols. To overcome this problem, it is typical to employ polyols or polyol blends having reduced functionality with relatively long polymer chain lengths. Here, functionality refers to the number of hydroxyl groups per molecule of the polyol available to react with the isocyanate groups.

The choice of polyol, especially the polymer length, size, flexibility of molecular structure, and functionality influences the degree of cross-linking achieved in the polyurethane. Further, the degree of cross-linking has an effect on the stiffness of the polyurethane. For example, to obtain a rigid foam, there should be a stiff polymer network, and, hence a high degree of cross-linking. In contrast, for flexible foams there should be a proportionately lesser degree of cross-linking.

Since the functionality of either the long-chained, high molecular weight polyol or the isocyanate can be adjusted, a wide variety of branched or cross-linked polymers can be formed. The hydroxyl-containing component covers a wide range of molecular weights and types, including polyester and polyether polyols. The polyfunctional isocyanates can be aromatic, aliphatic, cycloaliphati, or polycyclic in structure and can be used directly as produced or modified. This flexibility in the selection of reactants, although such reactants are relatively expensive, leads to a wide range of physical properties that allows polyurethane foams to play an important role in the world market for quality products from synthetic polymers.

The versatility of polyurethane foams is demonstrated by the following summary of some of the vast polyurethane foam applications: Automotive - seating, sound insulation, dashboards, steering wheels, interior trim;

Appliances - insulation in refrigerators, freezers, chiller cabinets, and refrigerated vehicles;

Composite wood products - construction panels and boards, packaging, playgrounds, and sports surfaces; Coatings and adhesives - used to protect a wide range of surfaces and objects in infrastructure applications, in the home, at work and leisure;

Polyurethane adhesives - used to laminate flexible materials (textiles, paper, board etc,) for bonding rubbers, textiles, leather, and the like and for bonding metal to metal, rubber, and plastics; Construction - insulation panels for walls (internal and external) and roofs, both domestic and commercial, cavity insulation, spray applied roof insulation, and prefabricated insulation for tanks and pipes; Footwear - sole cushions; and

Seat cushions - cushions and backs for domestic and office chairs and sofas, mattresses, pillows, and imitation wood. Despite existing polyurethane foams and methods of making such polyurethane foams, there is a need for polyurethane foams and a method of making polyurethane foams without the need to employ hydrocarbon-based polyols. Further, there is a need for polyurethane foams and a method of making polyurethane foams from relatively inexpensive components. It is to the provision of such polyurethane foams and method of making that meets these needs that the present invention is primarily directed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The polyurethane foams of the present invention can be used in many applications. One of the principal uses of the polyurethane foams of the present invention is insulation. The present environment is concerned with global warming, heat conservation, and reduced CFCs and HCFCs. The present invention is specifically designed and formulated to replace all currently available expensive hydrocarbon based polyols with relatively low cost, naturally occurring and readily available oils and carbohydrates. The present invention is designed as an essential part of any construction that values long-term energy savings and acoustic shielding. The foam produced according to the present invention flows easily to fill the area regardless of shape or the presence of obstructions such as pipes, wires, and electrical boxes.

In one aspect of the present invention, the sprayed polyurethane foam of the present invention is applied to roofing as a liquid, expanding approximately some 40 times its original liquid volume, and can be used to fill voids, cracks, and crevices as well as providing an air-tight, weatherproof membrane for the roof. The foam dries in seconds following application and fully adheres to the substrate. Due to the lightweight of the foam, it adds very little additional weight to the roof. The versatility of the polyurethane foam lends itself to on-site applications. Residential, commercial, and industrial constructions are all candidates for polyurethane foam applications. In addition, the foam adds strength to metal and wood stud cavities due to excellent adhesion and strength to weight ratios. Sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) can provide better climate control within a building envelope. Better climate control reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, thereby reducing greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. Further, SPF climate control ability enables the downsizing of the heating and cooling equipment of a building, further reducing energy usage.

SPF provides a continuous air barrier preventing moisture infiltration through air leakage, minimizing dew point problems and condensation withm the building envelope, avoiding thermal bridging, resisting heat movement in all directions, and providing reliable performance under varying conditions. By controlling moisture infiltration, SPF also provides greater durability to buildings. The number one cause of building deterioration is moisture withm a building envelope. The present invention also has applications as a two-component polyurethane construction low rise expanding adhesive, which can be utilized for bonding membranes or insulation type materials to a variety of substrates. Compatible deck substrates include concrete, gypsum, cellular LWC.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and composition for producing foam having high insulation values and being produced from relatively low cost, naturally occurring and readily available oils and carbohydrates.

It is a further object to provide a foam, which is made from materials, which are not irritating to occupants of structures in which the foam is used. It is a still further object of this mvention to provide a foam and a process for making a foam, which can be easily used to install the foam m a structure.

It is a yet another object of this invention to provide a foam and a process for making a foam which is flame retarding

These and other object, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments.

The foam may also be tailored to variable densities, cell structures, tensile strengths and other desired physical properties. The polyurethane resms can be produced in varying forms due to properties that exhibit high elastic modulus, good electrical resistance, and high moisture-proof crystalline structures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, polyurethanes are produced using a two- part reactive system. The first reactive part may contain one or more organic isocyanates, as well as, other components such as initiators and/or catalysts commonly referred to as the "A" side. In one aspect of the invention, the organic isocyanate comprises polymeric 4,4'- diphenyl methane diisocyanate The isocyanate concentration is calculated at 90-120% of the theoretical amount required to react with both hydroxyl groups and water This percentage is known as the isocyanate index. The second reactive part, commonly referred to as the "B" side, may contain one or more compounds which contain functional groups that react with organic isocyanates to form a polyurethane The urethane foams are formed by the process of simultaneous polymerization and expansion The gas for expansion is primarily carbon dioxide, CO₂, formed by the reaction of isocyanate and water Carbon dioxide can also be used as an effective blowing agent, as well as high-pressure air and conventional low boiling compounds, to complete the formation of the foam cell structure and to prevent shrinkage of the cell.

Polyurethane foams in accordance with the present invention comprise the reaction product of a polyol selected from a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent. Fatty acids include, but are not limited to, palmitic, steaπc, oleic hnoleic, myristic, arachidic, πcmole c, or a combination thereof The term glycol comprises glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, tπmethylolpropane, 1 , 4-butane diol, or a combination thereof. The polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600. Carbohydrates include polyhydric alcohols having the general formula CH₂OH(CHOH)_nCH₂OH, wherein n is selected from 2 to 5. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include, but are not limited to sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, and combinations thereof. Blowing agents can be selected from water, a low-boilmg inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, gasses which are inert with respect to the polyurethane or components of the polyurethane, or a combination thereof Examples of the low-boilmg inert liquid include, but are not limited to chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof On the A side, polyisocyanates include hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof. However, other polyisocyanates employed in the art may likewise be employed with the present mvention.

Net, m another aspect of the present mvention, polyurethane foams m accordance with the present invention comprise the reaction product of a polyol selected from a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a syrup, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent. Vegetable oil includes, but not limited to, canola oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palm oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, lmseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, babassu oil, tung oil, peπlla oil, oiticica oil, a hydrogenated derivative thereof, or a combination thereof Syrup includes any syrup comprising a sugar, such as, sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, and combinations thereof Such syrups include, but are not limited to maple syrup, honey, corn syrup, cane syrup, golden syrup, molasses, sorghum, beet syrup, or a combination thereof.

Still, another aspect of the present mvention is directed to a method for producing polyurethane foam compositions. This method comprises producing a polyol blend comprising a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof, and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend m the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent. The polyol blend and the polyisocyanate blend can be reacted with one another m equal parts by weight, or m the ratios described below.

Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for producing polyurethane foam compositions in accordance with the present invention. The method comprises producing a polyol blend comprising a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a syrup, or a combination thereof , and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent.

Fatty acids include, but are not limited to, palmitic, steaπc, oleic Imoleic, mynstic, arachidic, ncmolehc, or a combination thereof Vegetable oil includes, but not limited to, canola oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palm oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, babassu oil, tung oil, perilla oil, oiticica oil, a hydrogenated derivative thereof, or a combination thereof. Syrup includes any syrup comprising a sugar, such as, sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, and combinations thereof. Such syrups include, but are not limited to maple syrup, honey, corn syrup, cane syrup, golden syrup, molasses, sorghum, beet syrup, or a combination thereof. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, glycerides, polyhydric alcohols, and combinations thereof. Polyhydric alcohols have the general formula

CH₂OH(CHOH)_nCH₂OH, wherein n is selected from 2 to 5. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include, but are not limited to sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, glyceride and combinations thereof.

The term glycol comprises glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, trimethylolpropane, 1 , 4-butane diol, or a combination thereof The polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600.

Blowing agents can be selected from water, a low-boiling inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, gasses which are inert with respect to the polyurethane or components of the polyurethane, or a combination thereof. Examples of the low-boiling inert liquid include, but are not limited to chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof. On the A side, polyisocyanates include hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof. However, other polyisocyanates employed in the art may likewise be employed with the present invention.

Further, the polyurethane foams of the present invention may include one or more resins, fillers, surfactants, stabilizers, cross-linkers, drying agents, stabilizers, preservatives, fire retardants, antibacterial agents, and any combination thereof

The initiators and/or catalysts used in the present invention may be employed to control the polymerization and blowing processes. This control is important for polyurethane reactant foam systems. Imbalance between polymerization and foam expansion can lead to foam collapse, serious imperfections, and cells that prematurely open, causing shrinkage of the cured foam and loss of adhesion properties.

The amount of polymers, carbohydrates, initiators, and catalysts may vary. Desirably the polymer, its initiators, carbohydrates, and catalysts comprise from about 40 to about 70 weight percent on the B side and the functional group on the A side from about 60 to 30 weight percent based upon the total combined weight of the mixture. Even more desirably the polymer comprises from about 55 to about 65 weight percent on the B-side and the functional group on the A side from about 45 to about 35 weight percent based upon the total combined weight of the mixture. The production of the A side and the B side components, once completed can be easily mixed, the resulting liquid mixture can be sprayed or molded into the desired shape or form. The flexible polyurethane reactant foam system can be modified to produce various densities, strengths and cell structures. The procedures that can be used are similar to those employed utilizing industrial hydrocarbon polyols. The flexible urethane foam systems of the present invention may employ suitable methacrylate and acrylate monomers in the foam formulations. In one aspect of the present invention, the two-component urethane foam system comprises, on the A side, an admixture of 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In this embodiment 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, (MDI) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are present, but not limited to, a weight ratio of approximately 78:22. In the present invention the use of reactant fillers that make up the two-component foam system comprise, on the B side, carbohydrates comprising, but not limited to, glucose, dextrose, and lactose, and fatty acids comprising, but not limited to, castor oil and linseed oil. As indicated in Example 1 below, glucose and lactose are present, but not limited to, a weight ratio of 87:13. The monomers, catalysts, and initiators that makeup the two component foam system comprise, on the B side, aqueous ammonia, a carbonyl group (e.g., an organic acid such as acetic acid), and dibutyltin dilaureate. In this embodiment these monomers, catalysts, and initiators are present, but not limited to, a weight ratio of 31 :61 :8.

In other aspects of the invention, the A side and the B side of a liquid, two- component polyurethane system comprises a compound or mixture of compounds containing functional groups which react with isocyanates. Castor oil, a trishydroxy fatty triglyceride or πcmoleic acid, is an example of a naturally occurring polyol. It produces a low cost urethane ingredient. In these embodiments castor oil is combined with vmyl ester resms and various filler materials, such as calcium oxides, calcium carbonates along with one or more initiators and/or catalysts. (See Examples 2-9.) In the present invention CaO also acts as a catalyst. The amount of castor oil, vmyl resms, fillers, initiators, and catalysts may vary. The isocyanate initiator of the foam is the final ingredient of the mixture.

In another aspect of the present invention, the A side and the B side of a liquid, two-component polyurethane system comprises a compound or mixture of compounds containing functional groups which react with isocyanates. These are carbohydrate products of photosynthesis comprising one, two, or more saccharose groups The monosacchaπde sugars (often called simple sugars) are composed of 2-7 carbon atoms. One of the carbons carries aldehydic or ketonic oxygen The remaining carbons usually have hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups. Chief among the monosacchaπdes are glucose and fructose. Among the disacchaπdes are sucrose (cane and beet sugar) and lactose. Each of these carbohydrates produces a low cost urethane ingredient. The isocyanate initiator of the foam is the final ingredient of the mixture.

Polyisocyanates which can be used in the present invention include MDI, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), toluene 2-4 diisocyanate (2-2-TDI), naphthalene 1 ,5 diisocyanate (NDI), diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate (2,4'MDI), and combinations thereof. The present invention can use other ranges of isocyanates as are commonly available from manufacturers such as, BASF, Dow Chemical Company, Mobay, and Rubicon, to name only a few.

A variety of polyurethane foams of differing rigidities and densities were prepared from different catalysts initiators, fillers, and varying amounts of these ingredients as exhibited in the examples below. The resulting ingredients were combined in plastic containers, and thoroughly mixed. The compositions were allowed to expand freely and left to cure.

Applications of the present invention are described below. However, these applications are only a few of the vast applications of the polyurethane foams of the present invention and are not to be deemed as limiting. Roofing

Sprayed polyurethane foam is applied as a liquid filling cracks and crevices, then expanding approximately 40 times its original liquid volume. The polyurethane foam dries withm seconds after applied to the roof surface. Its expansion results in a weather tight roofing membrane that is fully adhered to the substrate. Because of polyurethane foam's lightweight, it adds little additional weight to the structure and is often used m remedial applications. Polyurethane foam has a history of more than 30 years as a maintainable roofing medium Polyurethane foam adds excellent insulation value to the structure and utility bills can reflect the difference.

Construction

The versatility of polyurethane foam lends itself to on-site applications This is of particular benefit since it can be considered during many phases of construction.

Agricultural, poultry, meat packaging plants, cold storage warehousing facilities, and masonry cavities are typical examples of spray and pour polyurethane foam applications.

Polyurethane foam adds strength to wood or metal stud cavities of commercial and residential buildings due to excellent adhesion and high strength to weight ratio.

Polyurethane foams monolithic sealing capabilities can provide considerable utility savings.

The list of such applications for polyurethane foam is extensive.

Cavity Filling

Polyurethane foam is used widely in applications requiring injection and open cavity filling. The versatility of the product permits tailoring of the formulation to meet specific requirements. Depending on the needs, it can serve as an excellent insulation medium or enhance the structural integrity of the finished product The list of applications is too many to mention and new opportunities develop constantly.

Perimeter Wall Insulation

Polyurethane foam can be sprayed or poured to meet most application requirements and provide a monolithic weather tight seal. Sprayed or poured polyurethane foam or a combination of both are successfully used in the construction of cold storage warehouses, atmosphere controlled buildings, and residential and commercial structures. With utility savings being a primary consideration, the added benefits of polyurethane foam's lightweight and excellent adhesion has introduced many new concepts in building design.

Corrosion Protection

A new generation of high performance plural component coatings are satisfying old problems while opening many new markets. These high performance coatings are polyureas, polyurethanes, and blended hybrids. Resistant of many solvents and chemicals, they dry rapidly and can be applied to various substrates. Underground pipe restoration as well as new pipe coating are further uses of these high performance coatings, demonstrating their excellent physical properties and diversity.

Secondary Containment

High performance plural component coatings are a rapidly growing technology. These new coatings, polyureas, polyurethanes, and blended hybrids, have opened new markets and can be applied to a variety of substrates. Secondary containment is an example of a application for the polyurethane foams of the present invention, which has been a difficult problem to solve. Underground pipe, manhole cover restoration, parking decks, coating of new pipe, and waterproofing applications are further uses of these high performance materials. Producers report the rapid growth of these high performance coatings is attributed to formulation versatility and outstanding physical properties.

Spray Molding

Polyurethanes and polyureas have very fast reaction times. These materials are dry to the touch within seconds after application reducing de-mold time dramatically. The producer to meet application requirements can alter physical properties of these materials.

Insulation One of the most efficient insulation materials for housing, commercial refrigeration, perimeter wall, masonry cavity fill and numerous other applications is polyurethane foam. On-site applied as sprayed or poured liquid, polyurethane foam fills cracks and crevices, providing sealing capability. Polyurethane foam expands up to thirty times its liquid volume immediately upon application and is dry to the touch in seconds. The unique application process has an excellent history as a spray applied remedial roofing membrane sealant and insulation system. And because of polyurethane foams high insulating value, it out-performs many conventional insulations applied in equal thickness. Its high strength to low weight ratio has attracted architects and building consultants throughout the world.

Entertainment Sets

Polyurethane foams' vast versatility lends themselves to on-site or studio production of needed settings. The savings can be considerable when compared to the cost involved to shoot the actual setting. Polyurethane foams of the present invention can be formulated to provide physical properties for structural applications, such as, facades to lightweight boulders to the replication of tree bark, to exacting duplications of extinct animals, to name only a few, are possible with polyurethane foams. Also, polyurethane foams have excellent weatherability and superior abrasion and impact resistance.

Marine Applications Polyurethane foam is used in many marine applications. The high strength to weight ratio plus its resistance to hydrocarbons, such as oil and gasoline, make it an exceptional candidate for flotation applications. The adhesive qualities are particularly attractive. A polyurethane foam with a two pound density will support around 60 pounds of dead weight in water.

Adhesives

Polyurethane adhesives are employed to laminate flexible materials, such as, textiles, paper, board, etc., for bonding rubbers, textiles, leather, and the like and for bonding metal to metal, rubber, and plastics. In accordance with the present invention, polyurethane foam compositions are disclosed for insulation foam, roofing foam, molding foam, hard foam, and adhesive foam. However, any of these formulations are adaptable for other polyurethane foam uses not specified. Accordingly, these categories or designations should not be considered as limiting. In each of the following polyurethane foam compositions, the side A and side B components are admixed m separate mixing vessels. There is no requirement for the components to be added to the respective mixing vessels m the order listed. Rather, the side A and side B components can be added to the respective mixing vessels any order. However, the side A solutions and the side B solutions should not be introduced with one another until it is desired to produce the polyurethane foam. Further, the components can be thoroughly mixed as they are added or thoroughly mixed after all selected components are placed into the mixing vessel. After the side A and side B components, respectively, are admixed into solution, the side A and side B solutions are admixed and allowed to react with one another to form the polyurethane foam of the present invention. In one aspect of the present invention, the polyurethane foam comprises from about 65 to about 35 weight percent of the side A solution and from about 35 to about 65 weight percent of the side B solution. In another aspect of the present invention, the polyurethane foam comprises about 50 weight percent of the side A solution and about 50 weight percent of the side B solution. Mixing of the side A and side B solutions can occur withm a vessel, a spray wand, a mold, a cavity, or any conventional mixing apparatus or device. Compositions of the polyurethane foams of the present invention are as follows.

Insulation Foam

Insulations foams of the present invention have a density of about 0.5 pounds per cubic foot; however, the density of the insulation foam can be greater or less than 0.5 pounds per cubic foot. The following side A solution and side B solution, respectively, are admixed in separate mixing vessels, and thereafter mixed with one another in the amounts by weight as indicated above to form a polyurethane insulation foam.

Side A Components:

Wt. % Component

50- 1004,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) 0-50 l-vmyl-2-pyrrohdmone (NVP)

0-50 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

0-20 Silicon surfactant

0-50 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosρhate flame (retardant)

0-1 Antimicrobial/Antibacterial agent Side B Components:

Wt. % Component

50-90 Carbohydrate 0-20 l-vιnyl-2-ρyrrohdmone (NNP)

0-20 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

0-50 Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0-50 A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SιO₂ (20- 21 wt. %) (EG-ST) 0-50 Polyethylene Glycol, 200 molecular weight (PEG200)

0-50 Polyethylene glycol 400 molecular weight (PEG400)

0-50 Polyethylene glycol 600 molecular weight (PEG600)

0-30 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

0-30 Tπethanolamine (TEOA) 0-10 Silicon surfactant

0-2 Dibutyltm dilaurate (Di- 10)

0-10 2,2'-oxybιs(Ν,Ν-dιmethylethanamιne) (CAS No. 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

0- 10 Triethylamine (TEA)

0- 10 ammified sugar 0-6 N'N-dimethylamhne (N'N DMA)

0-10 Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacryhc acid aqueous solution

0- 10 Tπpropylamme (TPA)

0- 10 Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

0-1 Antimicrobial/ Antibacterial agent

ROOFING FOAM

Roofing foams of the present invention are mostly closed cell (about 85% to about 95 %), are sprayable, and have a density from about 1 to about 4 pounds per cubic foot; however, the density of the roofing foam can be greater or less than this range. The following side A solution and side B solution, respectively, are admixed m separate mixing vessels, and thereafter mixed with one another in the amounts by weight as indicated above to form a polyurethane roofing foam.

Side A Components: Wt. % Component

50-100 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI)

0-50 l-vmyl-2-pyrrohdmone (NNP)

0-50 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

0-20 Silicon surfactant 0-50 FYROL™ (trι(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) Side B Components:

Wt. % Component

40-90 Castor Oil

0-40 Linseed Oil 0-50 Mineral Oil (heavy mineral oil CAS #8012-95-1 , light mineral oil CAS

#8042-47-5, or a combination thereof)

0-50 Glycerol

0-30 Polyethylene glycol/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid solution

0-50 Ethylene Glycol (EG) 0-50 A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-

21 wt. %) (EG-ST)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 200 molecular weight (PEG200)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 400 molecular weight (PEG400)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 600 molecular weight (PEG600) 0-30 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

0-30 Triethanolamine (TEOA)

0- 10 Silicon surfactant

0-4 Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0-10 Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0-10 Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine (POLNCAT 77)

0-10 l ,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate (POLNCAT 102)

0-10 2,2'-oxybis(Ν,Ν-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

0-10 Triethylamine (TEA)

0-10 Amini fled sugar 0-10 Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylic acid aqueous solution

0-10 Tripropylamine (TPA)

0- 10 Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

0-1 Antimicrobial/ Antibacterial agent

Molding Foam

Molding foams of the present invention are mostly closed cell (about 85% to about 95 %) and have a density from about 1 to about 4 pounds per cubic foot; however, the density of the molding foam can be greater or less than this range. The following side A solution and side B solution, respectively, are admixed in separate mixing vessels, and thereafter mixed with one another in the amounts by weight as indicated above to form a polyurethane molding foam. The molding foam can be employed similarly as a resin to form molded objects.

Side A Components:

Wt. % Component 50- 1004,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI)

0-50 l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

0-50 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

0-20 Silicon surfactant 0-50 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

Side B Components:

Wt. % Component 40-90 Castor Oil

0-40 Linseed Oil

0-50 Mineral Oil (heavy mineral oil CAS #8012-95-1, light mineral oil CAS #8042-47-5, or a combination thereof)

0-50 Glycerol 0-30 Polyethylene glycol/dodecylbenzenesulfomc acid solution

0-50 Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0-50 A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SιO₂ (20- 21 wt. %) (EG-ST)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol, 200 molecular weight (PEG200) 0-50 Polyethylene Glycol, 400 molecular weight (PEG400)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol, 600 molecular weight (PEG600)

0-30 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

0-30 Triethanolamme (TEOA)

0-10 S 111 con surfactant 0-30 Calcium oxide (CaO)

0-20 Aluminum tπhydrate (ATH)

0-50 CaCO₃

0-4 Dibutyltm dilaurate (Di- 10)

0-10 Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0-10 Bιs(dιmethyl ammo propyl)methyl amme (POLNCAT 77)

0-10 l,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate (POLNCAT 102)

0-10 2,2'-oxybιs(Ν,Ν-dιmethylethanamιne) (CAS No - 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

0-10 Triethylamine (TEA)

0-10 Aminifed sugar 0-10 Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacryhc acid aqueous solution

0-10 Aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose

0-10 Tπpropylamine (TPA)

0- 10 Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

0-1 Antimicrobal/Antibacteπal agent Hard Foam

Hard foams of the present invention are mostly closed cell (about 85% to about 95 %) and have a density from about 1 to about 10 pounds per cubic foot, however, the density of the hard foam can be greater or less than this range. The following side A solution and side B solution, respectively, are admixed in separate mixing vessels, and thereafter mixed with one another in the amounts by weight as indicated above to form a polyurethane hard foam. Side A Components:

Wt. % Component

50-1004,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI)

0-50 1 - vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) 0-50 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

0-20 Silicon surfactant

0-50 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

Side B Components: Wt. % Component

0-90 HFP polyester resin/PEG400 blend (50:50 by weight)

0-90 HFP polyester resin/HEMA blend (50:50 by weight)

0-50 Vinyl ester resin, resin, or a combination thereof

0-70 Blend of 25 wt. % HFP polyester resin and 75 wt. % HEMA 40-90 Castor Oil

0-40 Linseed Oil

0-50 Mineral Oil (heavy mineral oil CAS #8012-95-1 , light mineral oil CAS #8042-47-5, or a combination thereof)

0-50 Glycerol 0-30 Polyethylene glycol/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid solution

0-50 Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0-50 A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20- 21 wt. %) (EG-ST)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 200 molecular weight (PEG200) 0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 400 molecular weight (PEG400)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 600 molecular weight (PEG600)

0-30 FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

0-30 Triethanolamine (TEOA)

0-10 Silicon surfactant 0-30 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)

0-10 4,4-methylenebis(Ν,Ν-dimethylaniline) (10 vol. %) in maleate resin (90 vol. %) (AK10)

0-20 40 vol. % of dibenzyl peroxide in water

0-30 Calcium oxide (CaO) 0-20 Aluminum trihydrate (ATH)

0-50 CaCO₃

0-2 N'N-dimethylaniline (N'N DMA)

0-2 Cobalt napthanate (NAPH)

0-4 Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) 0-4 Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst)

0-10 Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine (POLNCAT 77)

0-10 l ,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate (POLYCAT 102)

0-10 2,2'-oxybis(Ν,Ν-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

0-10 Triethylamine (TEA) 0-10 Aminified sugar

0-10 Water

0-10 Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacrylic acid aqueous solution 0- 10 Aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose

0-10 Tripropyl amine (TPA)

0-10 Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

0-1 Antibacterial/Antimicrobial agent

Adhesive Foam

Adhesive foams of the present invention are mostly closed cell (about 85% to about 95 %) and have a density from about 1 to about 4 pounds per cubic foot; however, the density of the adhesive foam can be greater or less than this range. The following side A solution and side B solution, respectively, are admixed in separate mixing vessels, and thereafter mixed with one another in the amounts by weight as indicated above to form a polyurethane adhesive foam. This foam will adhere to wet or dry surfaces or substrates, such as EPDM, concrete, cardboard, plywood, sheetrock, and the like.

Side A Components: Wt. % Component

50-1004,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI)

0-50 l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

0-50 Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Side B Components:

Wt. % Component

0-60 Blend of HFP polyester resin, polyethylene glycol 200, and HEMA 0-60 Blend of HFP polyester resin, polyethylene glycol 400, and HEMA

0-60 Blend of HFP polyester resin, polyethylene glycol 600, and HEMA

0-90 HFP polyester resin/PEG400 blend (50:50 by weight)

0-90 HFP polyester resin/HEMA blend (50:50 by weight)

0-50 Ninyl ester resin, polyester resin, or a combination thereof 0-70 Blend of 25 wt. % HFP polyester resin and 75 wt. % HEMA

40-90 Castor Oil

0-40 Linseed Oil

0-50 Mineral Oil (heavy mineral oil CAS #8012-95-1, light mineral oil CAS #8042-47-5, or a combination thereof) 0-50 Glycerol

0-30 Polyethylene glycol/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid solution

0-50 Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0-50 A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20- 21 wt. %) (EG-ST) 0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 200 molecular weight (PEG200)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 400 molecular weight (PEG400)

0-50 Polyethylene Glycol 600 molecular weight (PEG600)

0-30 FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 0-30 Tπethanolamme (TEOA)

0- 10 Silicon surfactant

0-30 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)

0-10 4,4-methylenebιs(N,N-dιmethylanιlme) (10 vol. %) m maleate resm (90 vol. %) (AK 10)

0-20 40 vol. % of dibenzyl peroxide m water

0-30 Calcium oxide (CaO)

0-20 Aluminum trihydrate (ATH)

0-50 CaCO₃ 0-10 Fumed Silica

0-2 N'N-dimethylani ne (N'N DMA)

0-2 Cobalt napthanate (NAPH)

0-4 Dibutyltm dilaurate (Di- 10)

0-10 Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0-10 Bιs(dιmethyl ammo propyl)methyl amine (POLNCAT 77)

0-10 l ,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate (POLNCAT 102)

0-10 2,2'-oxybιs(Ν,Ν-dιmethylethanamme) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

0-10 Triethylamine (TEA)

0-10 Amimfied sugar 0-10 Water

0-10 Carboxymethyl cellulose/polyacryhc acid aqueous solution

0-10 Aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose

0-10 Tπpropylamme (TPA)

0-10 Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX) 0-1 Antimicrobial/Antibacterial agent

This invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed in any way as imposing limitations upon the scope thereof On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had to vaπous other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present mvention For example, it is to be understood that the amounts of reagents used in the following examples are approximate and that those skilled in the art might vary these amounts and ratios without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Examples

In the following examples, unless indicated otherwise, the "A" and "B" side components were prepared at room temperature. Further, there is no requirement for the respective compounds of the "A" and "B" side components to be added and mixed in the order listed. Example 1

A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components: Side A Components:

4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate lO g

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 4 g

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (lOOOml tri-cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). DMSO was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly using a Hamilton Beach Commercial Mixer, Model 95036-3 speeds [low, medium, high] at medium speed for about 5 minutes. Side B Components:

Lactose solution was prepared by mixing lactose in water on a 3: 1 ratio by volume. Alternatively, the lactose solution may be obtained commercially with a water content of up to 30% by volume. Aqueous ammonia is a solution of 10% by volume ΝH₃ in water.

Glucose and lactose solution were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly in the mixer at medium speed for about 5 minutes. Aqueous ammonia was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly in the mixer at medium speed for about 10 minutes. Acetic acid was then added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Next, dibutyltin dilaurate was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly in the mixer at medium speed . Following the preparation of the A side and the B side, the two components were mixed together in the mixer at high speed for about 15 seconds. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation (reaction time of about 5 sees.) of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.).

The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container, and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties suitable for foam insulating applications to substrates, such as roofing membranes and roofing and wall insulation foams. Example 2 a

A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components in the order as listed: Side A Components:

4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

Solution 4 (Sol 4) is a mixture employed as a surfactant and comprises:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed using a blender for about ten minutes to form the side B component. 15 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(MDI) (sold under the tradename LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

LUPRANATE™ is the tradename for polymeric diphenyl methane diisocyanate CAS 101-68-8, commonly known as MDI or PMDI, by BASF. Polymeric MDI is a brownish liquid with a functionality between 2.1-3.0. Example 2b

Example 2b was prepared exactly as Example 2a, with the exception that 10 g of unsaturated polyester resin was substituted for vinyl ester resin in the side B component. 15 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 3a

4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed in the mixer at medium speed in a blender for about ten minutes to form the side B component. To this mixture was added 25 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI). The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container, and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Example 3b Example 3b was prepared exactly as Example 3a, with the exception that 25 g of unsaturated polyester resin was substituted for vinyl ester resin in the side B component.

25 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Example 4a A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components in the order as listed:

Side A Components:

4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed in a blender at medium speed for about ten minutes. To this mixture was added 20 grams of 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™). The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container, and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Example 4b

Example 4b was prepared exactly as Example 4a, with the exception that 20 g of unsaturated polyester resin was substituted for vinyl ester resin in the side B component. 20 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Example 5a

4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed in a blender at medium speed for about ten minutes. To this mixture was added 13 grams of 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™). The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Example 5b

Example 5b was prepared exactly as Example 5a, with the exception that 10 g of unsaturated polyester resin was substituted for vinyl ester resin in the side B component. 13 grams of 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 6a

4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI)

Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed in a blender at medium speed for about ten minutes. To this mixture was added 16.5 grams of 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™). The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time l Osecs). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container, and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 6b

Example 6b was prepared exactly as Example 6a, with the exception that 30 g of unsaturated polyester resin was substituted for vinyl ester resin in the side B component. 16.5 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam was hard and possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 7a

4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed m a blender at medium speed for about ten minutes. To this mixture was added 50 grams of 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI). The combined mixture was allowed to freely nse. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time 10 sees).

Example 7b

Example 7b was prepared exactly as Example 7a, with the exception that 50 g of unsaturated polyester resm was substituted for vmyl ester resm m the side B component. 50 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (nse time about 10 sees ). Example 8

4,4'-dφhenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) Side B Components:

The above mixture was thoroughly mixed in a blender at medium speed for about ten minutes. To this mixture was added 50 grams of 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees ), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.).

Example 8b

Example 8b was prepared exactly as Example 8a, with the exception that 50 g of unsaturated polyester resm was substituted for vmyl ester resm in the side B component 50 grams of 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) (LUPRANATE™) was added to the side B component. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time of about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.). Example 9

Preparation of KT Surfactant KT-1S-

KT Surfactant KT-1S comprises a 50:50 by weight mixture of MIX A and MIX B. MIX A compnses a mixture of 50% Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane Copolymer [CAS 67762-85-0] and 50% Polyalkylene Oxide [CAS 52232-27-6]. Material is sold commercially by Witco Corporation under the trade name of Niax Sihcone L 5340. MIX B is a silicon glycol polymer m liquid form sold under the trade name Dow Coming 193 Surfactant. Dow Coming 193 Surfactant is a copolymer that acts as a surface tension depressant and wetting agent. The composition contains dimethyl, methyl (polythene oxide) siloxane, polyethylene oxide monoallyl ether, and polyethylene glycol. Preparation of KT Initiator KT1I :

A polyanilme was prepared according to the following protocol A 500ml solution of IMol hydrochloric acid (HC1) [CAS 7467-01-0] /H₂O is made up (12x=500xl 500/12 = 42ml HCl/458ml H₂O. Of this 500ml HC1 aqueous solution, 200ml is measured and poured into an Erlenmeyer flask; 12 grams of ammomum-persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ is then added to the 200ml solution. The solution is stirred until the ammomum- persulfate is completely dissolved The solution is then placed m an ice bath (0° C) to control the reaction, which could be exothermic

The remaining HCl/aqueous solution is transferred to a reaction flask and placed m an ice bath at 3° C. The temperature of the solution is allowed to rise to 5° C by the exotherm of the solution. 21ml of distilled aniline (ref: Aldrich cat. 24,228-4 [CAS 62- 53-3]) is measured and added to the reaction flask The solution is placed on a magnetic stir bar and stirred until completely mixed.

The prepared solution of HCl/ammonium-persulfate is added to the reaction flask and stirred until the mixture is completely homogenized; the temperature of the ice bath is reduced to 0° C to control the reaction, which could be exothermic for approximately 20 minutes. The mixed polyanilme solution is then vacuum filtered by placing the solution on filter paper in a vacuum funnel. The funnel is placed on an Erlenmeyer flask equipped with a side arm Vacuum is then pulled on the solution leaving the residue on the filter paper. The vacuum filtered polyanilme is transferred into a flask containing IMol potassium hydroxide (KOH) [CAS 1310-58-3] (6 grams KOH per 100ml H₂O) The mixture is stirred for about 2 hours, then left standing for a period of eight hours to allow the solution to settle.

The polyaniline is then mixed with 500ml of filtered (deionized) water and mixed until homogenous. The polyaniline is then baked until dried in an oven at 50°C. The final polyaniline powder has the appearance of a black-green powder. The powder is then placed in a sealable bottle and purged with nitrogen until ready for use in the Side B Components. Example 10

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). ΝNP was added to MDI and mixed thoroughly in the mixer at medium speed for about 5 minutes. The KT Surfactant KT-I S was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FYROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Side B Components:

Water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel and mixed thoroughly in a blender at medium speed until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dιmethylanιlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together in the mixer at high speed. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.).

Example 1 1

A mixing vessel (1000ml tπ-comered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) was purged with nitrogen. MDI was added to the vessel. ΝNP was added to the LUPRANATE™ and mixed thoroughly in the mixer at high speed for about 5 minutes The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FYROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a vessel (1000ml tri-cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly in a blender at medium speed until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N- dimethylaniline was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8]. The triethylamine [TEA] acts as a corebinding agent and accelerator of the reaction. As a corebinding agent, the TEA aides in the construction of inner and outer skin attaching of the cells in the honeycomb of the foam. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time lOsecs). The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container, and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 12

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). ΝNP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FNROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Side B Components

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tπ- cornered polypropelene beaker VWR Scientific Cat 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes Next, the N,N-dιmefhylanιlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together To the mixed solution was added 2 grams of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8] The triethylamine acts as a corebinding agent The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees ), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees ) The foam cells bonded showed a high heat evolvement Example 13

A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components Side A Components

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tπ-comered polypropelene beaker VWR Scientific Cat 25384-160) NVP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- cornered polypropelene beaker VWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dimethylaniline was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8]. The triethylamine acts as a corebinding agent. The reaction of side solution A and side solution B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. Example 14

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-comered polypropelene beaker VWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). NVP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- cornered polypropelene beaker VWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dιmethylamlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8]. The triethylamine acts as a corebinding agent. The reaction of side solution A and side solution B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The cellular structure was consistent; however, upon final cure it was noted that shrinkage of about 10% of original volume had occurred Example 15

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-cornered polypropylene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) ΝNP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FYROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- cornered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-1I Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dιmethylanιlιne was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121 -44-8]. The triethylamine acts as a corebinding agent. The reaction of side solution A and side solution B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 16 A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components:

Side A Components:

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-comered polypropylene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). ΝNP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FNROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Crosslinking agent PTT was added to the A side following which the solution was thoroughly mixed for an additional 10 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- comered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dimethylaniline was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly. Silica was then added to the solution and thoroughly mixed.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added a mixture of 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8] and 1 gram chloroform. The reaction of side solution A and side solution B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 17

MDI was added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri-comered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160). ΝNP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FNROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Crosslinking agent PTT was added to the A side following which the solution was thoroughly mixed for an additional 10 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to the mixing vessel (1000ml tri- comered polypropylene beaker VWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dimethylaniline was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly. Silica was then added to the solution and thoroughly mixed.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added a mixture of 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8] and 1 gram chloroform [CAS 67-66-3]. The reaction of side solution A and side solution B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 18

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (1000ml tri- comered polypropelene beaker NWR Scientific Cat. 25384-160) and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dimethylamlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added a mixture of 1 gram of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8] and 1 gram chloroform [CAS 67-66-3]. The triethylamine/ chloroform mix acts as a corebmdmg agent and as an additional blowing agent. The reaction of side A and side B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded extremely well to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 19

A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components. Side A Components:

MDI was added to a vessel. ΝVP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FNROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Crosslinking agent PTT was added to the A side following which the solution was thoroughly mixed for an additional 10 minutes. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a vessel and mixed thoroughly until the sugar dissolved, about 5 minutes at about 40°C. KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dimethylaniline was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly.

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added a mixture of 50 grams of triethylamine [CAS 121-44-8] and 50 grams chloroform [CAS 67-66-3]. The triethylamine/ chloroform mix acts as a corebinding agent and as an additional blowing agent. The reaction of side A and side B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded extremely well to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 20 A polyurethane foam was prepared by admixing the following components: Side A Components:

MDI was added to a vessel. ΝNP was added to the MDI and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FNROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. Crosslinking agent PTT was added to the A side following which the solution was thoroughly mixed for an additional 10 minutes. Side B Components:

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together. To the mixed solution was added a mixture of 150 grams of triethylamine

[CAS 121-44-8] and 150 grams chloroform [CAS 67-66-3]. The triethylamine/ chloroform mix acts as a corebinding agent and as an additional blowing agent. The reaction of side A and side B resulted in the formation of foam cells, which were allowed to freely rise. The foam cells bonded extremely well to all surfaces of the container and the resultant foam remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications. Example 21 Side A Components:

MDI was added to a mixing vessel. ΝNP was added to the LUPRANATE™ and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. The KT-I S Surfactant was then added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 5 minutes. Then, FYROL™ was added into the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10-15 minutes. The mixing vessel was fitted with a drum pump [IPM Kent, WA. Model IP-01]. Side B Components:

The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (Stainless Steel 100, gallon capacity fitted with a drum heater (Acra Electric Corporation Model 152274) and mixed thoroughly using a Neptune Mixer, 1/3HP at 1725 RPM until the sugar dissolved, about 45 minutes at about 80 °C. KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dιmethylanιlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly. The mixture was then transferred to a 55 gallon drum fitted with a drum pump (IPM Kent, WA. Model IP-01 , 180psι) and a mixer (Neptune Mixer, 1/3 HP at 1725 RPM). The drum pumps were connected to standard spray gun (airless urethane spray equipment Gusmer Corporation H-2000 Multi-Component High Pressure Metering Unit with a Gusmer GX-7 Spray Gun). Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together in the mixing chamber of the spray gun, which mixes the components at or approximately at the nozzle, and sprayed into a mold (a simulated 2 inch x 4 inch Stud Wall Cavity). The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees ), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time lOsecs).

A second test was perfomed by introducing the mixture into a mold by use of a conventional Gusmer GX-14 Pour Gun that mixes side A and side B at or approximately at the nozzle. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.).

In both tests, the foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the mold and remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications Example 22 Side A Components:

4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) 454.01b (MDI)

KT Surfactant KT I S 9.51b

In a mixing vessel, the KT Surfactant KT I S was added directly into the MDI and mixed thoroughly Side B Components:

Preparation of Aminified Sugar (Sol AS):

An aminified sugar solution was prepared by mixing microwave initiator 0.1 % by weight to diethyl cyclohexylamine 99 % by weight.

Preparation of microwave initiator

A microwave initiator was prepared by the following procedure. A first solution was prepared by mixing the following components, in descending order. 194.52gr. polyvinylalcohol solution (10% PNOH in H₂O)

48.64gr. saturated solution of polyaniline in Ν-methyl-pyrrilidinone (polyaniline is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran - THF to make saturated solution) 19.47gr. ethylene glycol

14.60gr. Copper perchl orate (CuCIO₄) saturated solution in methanol The above solution was placed in an ice bath. To this solution was added

60.77grams of concentrated HCL (hydrochloric acid). This solution is designated Ml . Total weight - first solution Ml - 338grams To the above solution Ml was added an equal amount (ratio 1 :1 by weight) of hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ (30% by weight). 338 grams total weight MI-B m sample 676 grams/1.491bs.

The Microwave initiator is kept refrigerated until ready for us. The water and granulated sugar were added to a mixing vessel (Stainless Steel

100, gallon capacity fitted with a drum heater (Acra Electric Corporation Model 152274) and mixed thoroughly using a Neptune Mixer, 1/3 HP at 1725 RPM until the sugar dissolved, about 45 minutes at about 80° C. KT-II Initiator was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly for about 10 minutes. Next, the N,N-dιmethylanιlme was added to the solution and mixed thoroughly. Finally, the remaining components of the side B solution were added to the mixing vessel and mixed thoroughly The mixture was then transferred to a 55 gallon drum fitted with a drum pump (IPM Kent, WA Model IP-01 , 180psι) and a mixer (Neptune Mixer, 1/3HP at 1725 RPM) The drum pumps were connected to standard airless urethane spray equipment (Gusmer Corporation H-2000 Multi-Component High Pressure Metering Unit with a Gusmer GX-7 Spray Gun).

Following the preparation of side solutions A and B, the two solutions were mixed together m the mixing chamber of the GX-7 Spray Gun and sprayed on a simulated 2 inch x 4 inch Stud Wall Cavity. The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time about 10 sees.).

A second test was perfomed by introducing the mixture into a mold by use of a conventional Gusmer GX-14 Pour Gun that mixes side A and side B at or approximately at the nozzle The reaction of side A with side B resulted in the immediate formation of foam cells (reaction time about 5 sees.), which were allowed to freely rise external to the container (rise time lOsecs).

In both tests, the foam cells bonded to all surfaces of the mold and remained "tacky" for approximately 15-20 minutes until completely cured. The resulting foam possessed good adherence properties, suitable for foam insulating applications.

Examples 23-77 were prepared as follows unless indicated otherwise. In each of the following polyurethane foam compositions, the side A and side B components were admixed in separate mixing vessels m the order as listed However, there is no requirement for the components to be added to the respective mixing vessels in the order listed. Rather, the side A and side B components can be added to the respective mixing vessels any order. After the elected components were placed into the mixing vessel, the components were thoroughly mixed. After the side A and side B components, respectively, were admixed into solutions, the side A and side B solutions are admixed and allowed to react with one another to form a polyurethane foam. The side A solutions and the side B solutions were mixed 1 : 1 by weight.

INSULATION FOAM (Examples 23-31)

Example 23

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B Component:

35.0 g Com Syrup

2.0g 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

3.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FNROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicon L5340)

0.5g Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2)

0.07g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) Og 2,2'-oxybis(Ν,Ν-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

The side B solution was mixed with MDI (BASF M20) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 2-3 second initiation and 5-6 second rise and cure. This example has a good body and firm and some flexibility.

Example 24

Side B Components: 35.0 g Com Syrup

2.0g l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

3.0g A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG-

ST) 5.0g FNROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemefhylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicon L5340)

0.5g Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2)

0.07g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) Og 2,2'-oxybis(N,N-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 2-3 second initiation and 5-6 second rise and cure. This example had a good body and firm and some flexibility.

Example 25

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components:

35.0 g Com Symp

2.0g 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

3.0g Polyethylene Glycol 200 (PEG200)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicon L5340)

0.5g Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2)

0.07g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

1.5g 2,2'-oxybis(Ν,Ν-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 2-3 second initiation and 3-4 second rise and cure. This sample had more firm body and faster initiation and cure.

Example 26a

Side B Components:

35.0 g Com Syrup 2.0g 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

3.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400)

5.0g FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicon L5340) 0.5g Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2)

1.5g 2,2'-oxybis(Ν,Ν-dιmethylethanamine) (CAS No.- 3033-62-3) (ZF-20) The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 :1 ratio by weight to give a 2-3 second initiation and 3-4 second rise and cure. This sample has more firm body and faster initiation and cure.

Example 26b

This example was prepared exactly as Example 26a with the exception that the side B solution included 0.1 grams of the Antimicrobial/Antibacterial agent. This is an antimicrobial/antibacterial composition employed to prevent fungus or bacterial growth sold under the trade name INTERCEPT 100% ACTIVE.

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 2-3 second initiation and 3-4 second rise and cure. This sample has more firm body and faster initiation and cure.

Example 27

Side B Components:

30. Og Sugar Syrup 7.0g l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP)

0.25g N'N-dimethylaniline (N'N DMA)

3.0g Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

5.0g FYROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA) 0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

1.5g Aminified sugar

The side B solution was mixed with MDI AVS at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 4-5 second initiation and 6-7 second rise and cure. This sample had firm body and slower initiation and cure, and shrunk after cure.

MDI/WS was prepared by thoroughly mixing the following at room temperature: 100.0g4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) 1.0g Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) Example 28

Side B Components: 33. Og Sugar Syrup

4.0g 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

0.25g Ν'Ν-dimethylaniline (Ν'Ν DMA)

3.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA)

1.Og Propoxylated polyoxyethylene (Antarox 25-R-2)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

1.5g Aminified sugar

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 4-5 second initiation and 6-7 second rise and cure. This sample had firm body and slower initiation and cure, and was more flexible.

Example 29a

Side B Components:

33.0g Sugar Symp 4.0g l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NNP)

0.25g Ν'Ν-dimethylaniline (Ν'Ν DMA)

3.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

3.0g Triethanolamine (TEOA) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicone L5340)

0.25g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

1.5g Aminified Sugar (Sol AS)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 4-5 second initiation and 6-7 second rise and cure. This sample had firm body and faster initiation and cure, was more flexible, and had better cell structure. Example 29b

This example was prepared exactly as Example 26a with the exception that the side B solution included 0.2 grams of the Antimicrobial/ Antibacterial agent. The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 4-5 second initiation and 6-7 second rise and cure. This sample has more firm body and faster initiation and cure.

Example 30

Preparation of Polyol #1 :

Polyol #1 was formed by mixing about 200g of Com Symp with about 6g of sucrose at about 40° C. until the sucrose dissolved. In the present invention, the ratio of sucrose to com syrup can be varied up to 1 : 1 by weight.

Example 30 is the same as Example 23, except polyol #1 is substituted for co symp.

In this example a better cell structure is observed and a more firmed body to the foam with respect to Example 23.

Example 31

Side B Components:

25. Og Sugar Syrup (2: 1) (a solution comprising 2 parts sugar or sucrose to 1 part water by weight)

25. Og Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG600) 2.0g Sol 4 (see Example 2)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Tripropylamine (TPA)

1.5 g Amini fi ed sugar

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 4-5 second initiation and 6-7 second rise and cure. This foam was more flexible and had a softer texture. ROOFING FOAM (Examples 32-35)

The following mixes were prepared by thoroughly mixing the listed components in order at room temperature.

Mιx #l

300.0g Castor Oil lO.Og Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og Light mineral oil (LMO) lO.Og Triethanolamine (TEOA)

20.0g Glycerol

20.0g FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) lO.Og Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

Mix #2

300.0g Castor Oil lO.Og Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400) lO.Og Light mineral oil (LMO) lO.Og Triethanolamine (TEOA)

20. Og Glycerol

Mix #3

300.0g Castor Oil lO.Og A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST) lO.Og Heavy mineral oil (HMO) lO.Og Triethanolamine (TEOA)

20.0g Glycerol

Mix #4

300.0g Castor Oil lO.Og Mix #5 (see below) lO.Og Heavy mineral oil (HMO) lO.Og Triethanolamine (TEOA)

20. Og Glycerol

20. Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) lO.Og Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX) The following components were thoroughly mixed at about 40° C until the dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid dissolved. 150.0g Polyethylene Glycol 200 (PEG200) (or PEG400 or PEG600) 5.0g Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid, sodium salt form (DBSA)

In the present invention, the amount of DBSA can be increased up to about 25% by weight of Mix #5.

Example 32

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed.

Side B components:

50.0g mιx #l LOg Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst)

The side B solution was mixed for 10 seconds with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 1 -2 second rise and cure. The foam was hard with some flex to it.

Example 33

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel m the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components:

LOg Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340) 0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) 0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

The side B solution was mixed for 10 seconds with 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 :1 ratio by weight to give a 1-2 second rise and cure. The foam feels harder yet with some flex and better cell structure.

Example 34

50.0g mix #3 l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

The side B solution was mixed for 10 seconds with 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 1-2 second rise and cure. The foam feels harder yet with some flex and better cell structure.

Example 35

Side B components: 50.0g mix #4 l.Og Polyalkyene/oxideme hylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) 0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

The side B solution was mixed for 10 seconds with 4,4' -diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to give a 1 -2 second rise and cure. The foam felt harder, yet with some flex. Mix #4 it gave a better adhesions foam and cell structure.

MOLDED FOAM (Examples 36-50)

Example 36

Side B components:

30.0g Castor oil 3.0g Calcium oxide (CaO)

5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g Aluminum trihydrate (ATH)

5.0g FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemefhylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.55g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) 0.015g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight. This foam was hard with some flex to it, and the reaction time and cure was fast.

Example 37

70.0g Castor oil

7.0g Calcium oxide (CaO) lO.Og Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 2.0g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.3g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst)

0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 38 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components: 70.0g Castor oil 7.0g Calcium oxide (CaO) lO.Og Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG600) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

2.0g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.3g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst)

0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex. Example 39

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: 70.0g Castor oil 7.0g Calcium oxide (CaO) lO.Og A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

2.0g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicone L5340) 0.3g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 40

Side B components:

70.0g Castor oil 0.6g Calcium oxide (CaO)

15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) l .Og Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) 0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 41

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: 70.0g Castor oil 0.4g Calcium oxide (CaO)

15.0g A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.7g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) 0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight. The reaction time was fast. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 42

Side B components:

70.0g Castor oil 15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.4g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.02g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.4g l ,8-dιazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 (Polycat SA102)

0.3g Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine (POLYCAT 77)

Example 43 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components: 70.0g Castor oil

15.0g A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.4g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) 0.02g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.4g l,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 (Poly cat SA 102)

0.3g Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine (POLYCAT 77)

Example 44

Side B components:

70.0g Castor oil

15.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.4g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.02g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.4g l,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 (Polycat SA102) 0.3g Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine (POLYCAT 77)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 :1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 45

70.0g Castor oil lO.Og Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG600) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemefhylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.36g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.018g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.36g l ,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2

(Polycat SA102) 0.27g Bιs(dιmethyl ammo propyl)methyl amme (POLYCAT 77)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and nse. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes. This foam was hard with some flex.

Example 46

Side B components:

65. Og Castor oil lO.Og Linseed Oil

15.0g Polyethylene Glycol 600 (PEG600) lO.Og FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

0.36g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) 0.018g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.36g l ,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 (Polycat SA102)

0.27g Bιs(dιmethyl ammo propyl)mefhyl amine (POLYCAT 77)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate

Example 47

Side B components:

65. Og Castor oil lO.Og Linseed Oil

15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

1.0g Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer (Niax L6900)

0.05g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst 0.05g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.075gTπpropylamme (TPA) 2.0g Sol C (see below)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight at 45 seconds to initiate, 100 seconds to gel and cure, and 130 seconds to foam and rise. The foam had a good firm body at 6 minutes.

This foam was hard with some flex.

Preparation of Sol C:

Thoroughly mix the following components at room temperature to form a solution: 0.5g Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) lOO.Og water

Example 48

65. Og Castor oil lO.Og Linseed Oil

15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) l .Og Niax L6900

0.175g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.075g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.025gTripropylamine (TPA)

2.0g Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

Example 49

Side B components: 70.0g Castor oil

0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

1.0g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.6g Calcium oxide (CaO) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam.

Example 50

Side B components:

65. Og Castor oil lO.Og Linseed Oil

15.0g A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SιO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST) lO.Og FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

1.5g Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX) 0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

0.36g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst)

0.018g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.36g l ,8-dιazabιcyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 (Polycat SA102) 0.27g Bιs(dιmethyl ammo propyl)methyl amme (POLYCAT 77)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam The foam had a firm body at 6 minutes This foam was hard with some flex.

HARD FOAM (Examples 51 -67)

Example 51

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel m the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components:

40.0g P400 Resm (50:50 ratio)*

5.0g FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

5.0g Aluminum tπhydrate (ATH) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340) 0.3g Tripropylamme (TPA)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. The preparation of P400 Resm (50:50): P400 Resm (50:50) comprises HFP prepolymer resm in PEG400 at a ratio 50:50 by weight which has been thoroughly mixed.

Example 52 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components:

35.0g P400 Resm

5.0g 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) 5.0g FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

5.0g Aluminum trihydrate (ATH)

1.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.3g Tπpropylamme (TPA)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam.

Example 53

Side B components' lO.Og HFP Resm (50:50) 20.0g Castor Oil

1.0g Calcium oxide (CaO)

5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

5.0g Aluminum trihydrate (ATH) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

0.5g Tripropylamme (TPA)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

Example 54

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components- lO.Og P400 Resin 20.0g Castor Oil l .Og Calcium oxide (CaO)

5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

5.0g Aluminum trihydrate (ATH) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

0.5g Tπpropylamme (TPA)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

Example 55

30.0g P400 Resin

30.0g Castor Oil lO.Og Calcium oxide (CaO) l.Og 4,4-methylenebιs(N,N-dιmethylanιlme) 10 % in maleate resm 90% by volume (AK10)

1.0g 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

Example 56

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: lO.Og HFP Resm (50:50) lO.Og P400 Resin lO.Og Castor Oil l.Og Calcium oxide (CaO) 5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FYROL™ (tn (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

0.5g Tπpropylamme (TPA) 0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam.

Example 57 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components: lO.Og Vinyl Ester Resin lO.Og HFP Resin (50:50) lO.Og P400 Resin lO.Og Castor Oil l .Og Calcium oxide (CaO)

5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

5.0g FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 5.0g Aluminum trihydrate (ATH)

1.0g Polyalkyene/oxideme hylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

0.5g Tripropylamine (TPA)

0.3g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam.

Example 58

Side B components: lO.Og Vinyl ester resin l O.Og HFP Resin (50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil 0.25g N'N-dimethylanilme (N'N DMA)

0.25g Cobalt napthanate (NAPH) l .Og Water

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA) 0.6g 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. Example 59

Side B components: 10.Og Vinyl ester resin lO.Og HFP Resin(50:50) l O.Og Castor Oil

6.0g CaCO₃

0.25g N'N-dimethylaniline (N'N DMA) 0.25g Cobalt napthanate (NAPH)

3.0g Water

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

0.6g 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid) 0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid.

Example 60

Side B components: lO.Og VE Resin lO.Og HFP Resin (50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil

10. Og Sol 4 (see Example 2)

5.0g CaCO₃ 0.25g N'N-dimethylaniline (N'N DMA)

0.25g Cobalt napthanate (NAPH)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid. Example 61

Side B components: 10. Og Vmyl ester resm lO.Og HFP Resm(50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil lO.Og Sol 4 (see Example 2) lO.Og Ethylene Glycol (EG) lO.Og CaCO₃

0.25g N'N-dimethylanilme (N'N DMA)

0.25g Cobalt napthanate (NAPH)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid

Example 62

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed. Side B components-

10. Og Vmyl ester resm lO.Og HFP Resm(25:75)** lO.Og Castor Oil

0.5g Sol 4 (see Example 2) 0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam This foam was very rigid and had large cells.

The preparation of HFP Resm (25.75):

The following components were thoroughly mixed to form a mixture. 25% by weight HFP polyester resm

75% by weight 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) To every 30.0g of above mixture, 3.0g of 40% by volume dibenzyl peroxide (BPO Liquid) was added and thoroughly mixed to form the resm.

Example 63 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components:

10. Og Vmyl ester resm lO.Og HFP Resm (25:75) lO.Og Castor Oil

1 l.Og Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-dιphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam This foam was very rigid with large cells.

Example 64

Side B components:

10. Og Vmyl Ester Resm lO.Og HFP Resm (25:75) lO.Og Castor Oil

7.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.5g Triethylamine (TEA) 0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Sihcone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1.1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid with large cells.

Example 65

Side B components: 15.0g HFP Resm (25:75) 15.0g Castor Oil 15.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400) 1.Og Sol 4 (see Example 2) 5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG) 0.075g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.075g Triethylamine (TEA)

0.5g Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer (Niax L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid with large cells.

Example 66

7.5g HFP Resin (25:75)

7.5g PEG400 Resin (50:50)

15.0g Castor Oil

15.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400) 1.0g Sol 4 (see Example 2)

5.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0.25g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid with large cells.

Example 67 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components:

15.0g HFP Resin (25:75)

15.0g PEG400 Resin (50:50) 30.0g Castor Oil

30.0g Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG400)

2.0g Sol 4 (see Example 2) lO.Og Ethylene Glycol (EG)

0.5g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam was very rigid with large cells.

ADHESIVE FOAM (Examples 68-77)

Example 68

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: lO.Og P2 Resin lO.Og PEG400 Resin (50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil

0.3g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.5g 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid)

0.25g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam had good cell structure and remained tacky for 10-15 min.

Example 69

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: lO.Og HFP Resin (50:50) lO.Og PEG400 Resin (50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil

0.7g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 0.7g 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid)

0.25g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam had good cell structure and remained tacky for 10-15 min.

Example 70

Side B components: 10.Og Vinyl Ester Resin lO.Og P2 Resin* lO.Og PEG400 Resin (50:50) lO.Og Castor Oil 0.5 Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone L5340) 1.0 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water (BPO Liquid) 0.25g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

Example 71

Side B components:

Mix D is initially prepared by adding the following components in the order listed and mixing thoroughly:

70.0g Castor Oil 0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di- 10)

0.025gTripropylamine (TPA)

0.7g Dipropylene glycol (33LV Catalyst) l .Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Niax Silicone

L5340) lO.Og FYROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

20.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

2.0g Fumed Silica

Thereafter the side B solution is formed by mixing the following components in a mixing vessel.

22.5g Mix D

1.0g PEG400 Resin (50:50)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4 '-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

Example 72 The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed:

Side B components: Mix E was prepared by adding the following components into a mixing vessel in the order listed and thoroughly mixed.

70.0g Castor Oil

0.050g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.7g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) l.Og Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicone L5340) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosρhate flame retardant)

20.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

2.0g Fumed Silica

Thereafter the side B solution was prepared by thoroughly mixing 22. 5 g of Mix E with lg of PEG400 Resin (50:50).

Example 73

Side B components: 70.0g Castor Oil

0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.075g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicone L5340) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 15.0g Ethylene Glycol (EG)

Example 74

Side B components: 90.0g Castor Oil

0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0.075g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.5g Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax L6900) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant) 1.5g Sol C The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

Example 75

Side B components: 65. Og Castor Oil

25.0g Linseed Oil

0.075g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst)

0.5g Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax L6900) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

1.5g Sol C

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam had good cell structure and remained tacky for 10-15 min.

Example 76

65.0g Castor Oil

25. Og Linseed Oil

0.075g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10)

0.8g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0.5g Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax L6900) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

1.5g Colloidal Silica (SNOWTEX)

Example 77

The chemicals were added to a mixing vessel in the order listed at room temperature and thereafter thoroughly mixed: Side B components: 70.0g Castor Oil

0.025g Dibutyltin dilaurate (Di-10) 0.075g Dipropylene glycol (33LN Catalyst) 0.5g Polyalkyene/oxidemethylsiloxane copolymer (Νiax Silicone L5340) lO.Og FNROL™ (tri (2-chloroethyl)phosphate flame retardant)

15.0g A mixture of ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous SiO₂ (20-21 wt. %) (EG- ST)

The side B solution was mixed with 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate

(LUPRANATE™) (MDI) at 1 : 1 ratio by weight to form a polyurethane foam. This foam had good cell structure and remained tacky for 10-15 min. Preparation of P-2 Resin, P-4 Resin, and P-6 Resin:

P-2 Resin, P-4 Resin, and P-6 Resin was prepared by thoroughly mixing the following components as indicated:

Co Polymer PH:

33.33g Polyethylene Glycol 200 (PEG200)

66.66g 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)

P-2 Resin is a mix of 25 wt. % HFP polyester resin and 75 wt. % co-polymer PH.

P-4 Resin is the same as P-2 Resin except that PEG400 is substituted for PEG200.

P-6 Resin is the same as P-2 Resin except that PEG600 is substituted for PEG200.

Preparation of HFP polyester resin:

A high flash point polyester resin was prepared by mixing the following components in a four-neck reaction flask with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere: 880.6 g propylene glycol

366.30 g fumaric acid 206.32 g maleic anhydride

779.11 g phthalic anhydride

The above components were heated at 150° C. for about 3 to 5 hours. The temperature was raised to 180° C. and maintained for about 3 hours, removing water produced during the reaction through a trap. The reaction mixture was placed under vacuum (25 in. Hg) and the temperature was raised to 190° C. for about 4 to 5 hours. The resulting solid was designated Solid Resin #1.

In the above examples, the ratios and the components of the solutions can be varied. For example, cane syrup, sugar symp, or combinations thereof can be employed as a carbohydrate component. Similarly, ethylene glycol can be substituted with or mixed with PEG200, PEG400, PEG600, or combinations thereof. Further, cross linking agents such as Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PENTA), PEG dimethaacriat (200,400,600), or any cross linking agent that suitable for water blowing foam may be empolyed. Catalyst, such as LV33, TEA, TPA, or any catalyst suitable for water blowing systems, or any combination thereof, may also be employed. Orange oil was also added as a scent. Further, any silicone surfactant suitable with water may be employed.

Chemicals Employed In The Above Examples:

Antarox 25-R-2

Company -Rhodia -CN7500, Cranbury, NY 08512 Main components - Propoxylated polyoxyethylene 99.5%

Niax Silicone L-5340 Company -Witco Corporation, OSI Specialites group, Sistersville,WV 26175 Main components- Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer

Niax Silicone L-6900

Company -Witco Corporation, OSI Specialites group, Sistersville,WV 26175 Polyalkyeneoxide/methylsiloxane copolymer

Aminified Sugar (0.1 % of microwave initiator added to diethyl cyclohexylamine) Chemical name Diethyl cyclohexylamine CAS# 91-65-6 Main Supplier - Air Products- 7201 Hamilton Bvld. Allentown PA18195

Pure Cane Sugar

Company -Savannah Foods - Savannah GA USA

PCS Molasses (trade name)

Com Syrup

Company —Sunlight Foods Inc, Sanford, FL 32771 Tradename HFCS42

FYROL™ CEF (FYROL™) Company— Akzo Nobel Chemicals, 5 Livingston Ave., Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 Main Components — Ethanol, 2-chloro-phosphate CAS#1 15-95-8

Cadox 40E (BPO Liquid)

Company - Akzo Nobel Chemicals — 300 Riverside parkway, Chicago, IL, 60606 Components- 40 % by volume dibenzyl peroxide in Water

Snowtex Colloidal Silica

Company —Nissan Chemical industries Japan

ZF-20 2,2'-oxybis(N,N-dimethylethanamine) (CAS No. 3033-62-3) Company - Huntsman Company

Dibutytin Laurate CAS # 77-58-7

POLYCAT 77 Catalyst

Bis(dimethyl amino propyl)methyl amine, CAS # 3855-32-1

Company -Air Products -7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown PA 18195

Polycat S A 102 Catalyst (POLYCAT 102) l,8-diazabicyclo(5,4,0)-7undecane 2-ethyl hexoate, CAS # 33918-18-2 Company -Air Products -7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown PA 18195

Dabco 33LN Catalyst

Company -Air Products -7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown PA 18195 Components — Dipropylene glycol CAS#2526-71-8 Triethelenediamine CAS#280-57-9

Fumed Silica

Wacker HDK (trade name)

Company -Wacker made in Munich Germany

Granulated Sugar (crushed), Sugar Crystals (DIXIE CRYSTALS PURE SUGAR)

Company - Dixie Crystals Food Service Savannah GA 31405

EG-ST

Ethylene glycol (80-79 wt. %) and amorphous silica (20-21 wt. %) Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Sodegaura Plant, Japan

Hawks FG91 (AK10) Company - Hawk Chemical Company

4,4-methylenebis(N,N-dimethylaniline) 10 % in maleate resin 90% by volume, CAS #101- 61-1

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates only to preferred embodiments of the present invention and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of a polyol selected from a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent.

2. The foam of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is selected from palmitic, stearic, oleic linoleic, myristic, arachidic, ricinolelic, or a combination thereof.

3. The foam of claim 1, wherein the glycol is selected from glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, trimethylolpropane, 1,4-butane diol, or a combination thereof

4. The foam of claim 3, wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600.

5. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate is a polyhydric alcohol having the general formula: CH₂OH(CHOH)_nCH₂OH, wherein n is selected from 2 to 5.

6. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydric alcohol is selected from sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glyceride, and combinations thereof.

7. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1 ,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.

8. The foam of claim 1, wherein the blowing agent is water, a low-boiling inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, or a combination thereof.

9. The foam of claim 8, wherein the low-boiling inert liquid is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof.

10. A polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of a polyol selected from a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a symp, or a combination thereof with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst and at least one blowing agent.

11. The foam of claim 10, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from canola oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palm oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, com oil, babassu oil, rung oil, perilla oil, oiticica oil, a hydrogenated derivative thereof, or a combination thereof

12. The foam of claim 10, wherein the glycol is selected from glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, trimethylolpropane, 1,4-butane diol, or a combination thereof.

13. The foam of claim 12, wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600.

14. The foam of claim 10, wherein the syrup is selected from maple syrup, honey, com syrup, cane syrup, golden symp, molasses, sorghum, beet syrup, or a combination thereof.

15. The foam of claim 10, wherein the syrup comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, and combinations thereof

16. The foam of claim 10, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.

17. The foam of claim 10, wherein the blowing agent is water, a low- boiling inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, or a combination thereof.

18. The foam of claim 17, wherein the low-boiling inert liquid is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof.

19. A method for producing polyurethane foam compositions comprising: producing a polyol blend comprising a fatty acid, a glycol, a mineral oil, a carbohydrate, or a combination thereof; and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent.

20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the polyol blend and the polyisocyanate blend are reacted with one another in equal parts by weight.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the fatty acid is selected from palmitic, stearic, oleic linoleic, myristic, arachidic, ricinolelic, or a combination thereof

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the glycol is selected from glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, trimethylolpropane, or a combination thereof.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the carbohydrate is a polyhydric alcohol having the general formula:

CH₂OH(CHOH)_nCH₂OH, wherein n is selected from 2 to 5.

25. The method of claim 19, wherein the polyhydric alcohol is selected from sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glyceride, and combinations thereof.

26. The method of claim 19, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1 ,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.

27. The method of claim 19, wherein the blowing agent is water, a low- boiling inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, or a combination thereof.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the low-boiling inert liquid is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof.

29. A method for producing polyurethane foam compositions comprising: producing a polyol blend comprising a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a glycol, a symp, or a combination thereof ; and reacting the polyol blend with a polyisocyanate blend in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from canola oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, palm oil, castor oil, coconut oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, com oil, babassu oil, tung oil, perilla oil, oiticica oil, a hydrogenated derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.

31. The foam of claim 29, wherein the glycol is selected from glycol, ethylene glycol, a polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, 2-methyl propanediol, trimethylolpropane, or a combination thereof.

32. The foam of claim 31 , wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight range between about 200 and about 600.

33. The foam of claim 29, wherein the symp is selected from maple syrup, honey, com symp, cane symp, golden syrup, molasses, sorghum, beet symp, or a combination thereof.

34. The foam of claim 29, wherein the syrup comprises sucrose, glucose, fructose kojibiose, turanose, isomaltose, maltose, dextrose, glycerol, and combinations thereof.

35. The foam of claim 29, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from hexamethylene diisocyanate, toluene 2-4 diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,5 diisocyanate, diphenylmethane 2,4' diisocyanate, 4,4' diphenyl methane diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.

36. The foam of claim 29, wherein the blowing agent is water, a low- boiling inert liquid, carbon dioxide, air, or a combination thereof

37. The foam of claim 36, wherein the low-boiling inert liquid is selected from a chlorofluorocarbon, a hydrochlorofluorocarbon, a hydrofluorocarbon, a pentane, chloroform, or a combination thereof.