WO2001078076A1 - Systeme pour disques durs, support et collecte d'informations - Google Patents
Systeme pour disques durs, support et collecte d'informations Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001078076A1 WO2001078076A1 PCT/JP2001/002404 JP0102404W WO0178076A1 WO 2001078076 A1 WO2001078076 A1 WO 2001078076A1 JP 0102404 W JP0102404 W JP 0102404W WO 0178076 A1 WO0178076 A1 WO 0178076A1
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- data
- recording
- hard disk
- access unit
- transfer
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/061—Improving I/O performance
- G06F3/0611—Improving I/O performance in relation to response time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0674—Disk device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10527—Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers
- G11B20/1217—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers on discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/005—Reproducing at a different information rate from the information rate of recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/102—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers
- G11B27/105—Programmed access in sequence to addressed parts of tracks of operating record carriers of operating discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F2003/0697—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers device management, e.g. handlers, drivers, I/O schedulers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10527—Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements
- G11B2020/10537—Audio or video recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10527—Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements
- G11B2020/10537—Audio or video recording
- G11B2020/10592—Audio or video recording specifically adapted for recording or reproducing multichannel signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/10527—Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements
- G11B2020/1062—Data buffering arrangements, e.g. recording or playback buffers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hard disk device for recording and reproducing AV data, a medium, and an information aggregate.
- Hard disk devices that take advantage of their high speed and large capacity are being used not only for computers but also for digital AV equipment that records and reproduces video and audio by applying digital technology. There is a demand for a large-capacity hard disk device for recording and reproducing digital AV information.
- FIG. 13 shows the configuration of a conventional hard disk drive, HDD 10 and PC 60.
- the PC 60 is a personal computer capable of real-time processing of AV data.
- the magnetic disk 23 is a magnetic recording medium for recording data.
- the magnetic head 24 is means for recording and reproducing information on and from the magnetic disk 23.
- the actuator 25 is means for mounting the magnetic head 24 on the tip and positioning the magnetic head 24 at an arbitrary radial position on the magnetic disk 23.
- the actuator 25 includes a carriage 25a, a suspension 25b, a drive coil 25c, a permanent magnet 25d, and the like.
- the carriage 25a is means for swinging about the point c as the center of rotation.
- the suspension 25b is mounted on the carriage 25a, and is a means for causing the magnetic head 24 to float at a distance of several tens of nanometers from the surface of the magnetic disk 23 by a floating mechanism called a slider.
- the driving coil 25c is a means for generating a driving force by a permanent magnet 25d provided opposite thereto, and as a result, rotating the actuator 25.
- the permanent magnet 25 d is means for generating a driving force by the driving coil 25 c and rotating the actuator 25.
- the head amplifier 27 is means for detecting and amplifying the reproduction signal of the air head 24 and amplifying the recording signal.
- the controller 26 detects the relative position of the magnetic head 24 with respect to the magnetic disk 23 from the output of the head amplifier 27, and positions the actuator 25 at a predetermined position on the magnetic disk 23.
- a control signal is output to the driver 28, a signal read from the output of the head amplifier 27 is converted into digital data, and digital data to be recorded is converted into a signal to be written, and supplied to the head amplifier 27. is there.
- the driver 28 is a means for supplying a current corresponding to the control signal to the actuator 25.
- the interface 29 is a means for exchanging digital information with the PC 60.
- the buffer cache 30 is a means for storing such information and efficiently recording / reproducing on / from the magnetic disk 23.
- a spindle motor ⁇ ⁇ for driving the magnetic disk 23 to rotate, a buffer control unit for controlling the buffer cache 30, and an information recording / reproducing circuit are provided.
- FIG. 14 shows the magnetic disk 23.
- Tracks 62 are formed on the magnetic disk 23 as sections for recording data on concentric circles.
- the track 62 is divided into sectors 63.
- Tracks 62 are given track numbers sequentially from the inside or the outside, and the storage area on the magnetic disk 23 can be uniquely specified by specifying the track number and the sector number. . Since the HDD 10 can be accessed in units of sector 63, if one piece of AV data is composed of a plurality of sectors 63, it is not necessarily included in one track 62 or in an adjacent track 62. It is not always the case that the sectors 63 constituting the AV data exist. That is, one AV data may be recorded in the non-consecutive sector 63.
- the magnetic disk 23 is provided with an area called a spare area separately from an area for recording AV data, and a sector belonging to the spare area is called a spare sector.
- the replacement area is provided, for example, on the inner peripheral side of the magnetic disk 23.
- the replacement sector is used for recording or reproduction on the magnetic disk 23. This sector is used in place of a defective sector when a defective sector cannot be performed normally.
- the magnetic head 24 moves (seeks) to the track on which the AV data is recorded, and then the magnetic disk 23 rotates and the magnetic head 24 Wait until there is a sector to be recorded or reproduced under, and then record or reproduce AV data.
- adjacent sectors can be read continuously without moving the magnetic head 24 or waiting for rotation.
- the next recording / reproduction can be started within the above-mentioned time, but the operation to settle the residual vibration after the track jump is often performed. (Tring; sett 1 ing) passes over the next recording / reproducing position after prolonged operation, so that there may be a case where it waits for one more rotation. In this case, the transfer performance is further reduced.
- the PC 60 transfers the data to the HDD 10 for each GOP (Group fp ct tur e).
- the PC 60 sequentially stores the AV data sent from an external device at a rate of 30 frames per second in the buffer 76 provided in its own main memory.
- Fig. 15 (a) shows one GOP, one GOP 64.
- GOP is a unit of AV data editing, and always includes one I-frame.
- 1GOP64 has frames arranged in the order of I, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ''.
- One GOP is composed of about 0.5 seconds worth of AV data. That is, when displaying AV data at 30 frames per second, one G0P is composed of 15 frames.
- its size Is usually about 512K bytes to about 1M bytes for images for high definition television. In the case of images for high-definition television, the size is from 1.5 MB to 2 MB.
- the size of the fixed block 66 is set to, for example, 1 Mbyte.
- the size of the fixed block 66 is set to, for example, 2 Mbytes.
- the controller 26 Upon receiving the recording command issued by the PC 60 from the interface 29, the controller 26 records the data of the fixed block 66 on the magnetic disk 23.
- the PC 60 issues a read command to the interface 29.
- the controller 26 When the controller 26 receives the read command issued by the PC 60 from the interface 29, the controller 26 reads the fixed block 66 having a fixed length at the time of recording from the magnetic disk 23 as shown in FIG.
- the PC 60 receives the data read by the controller 26 from the interface 29. Then, in the fixed block 66, the dummy data 65 and one GOP 64 are stored in the buffer 76. Then, only the AV data of 1 GOP 64 stored in the buffer 76 is divided by about 30 frames per second. AV decoding and display on the monitor connected to PC60.
- FIG. 15 (c) shows a time chart when recording and reproducing simultaneously a fixed block 66 obtained by adding dummy data 65 to one GOP 64.
- time is divided into T (T is a predetermined number) time periods.
- the PC 60 controls the HDD 10 to perform the recording and the reproducing operation once every time in the cycle of the T time. That is, as shown in (c) of FIG. 15, the PC 60 controls to record the fixed block 66a during the period T and read the fixed block 66b.
- Figure 16 shows the operation during playback.
- the PC 60 controls to read out the AV data stored in the magnetic disk 23 of the HDD 10 for each fixed block 66.
- the data in the fixed block 66 is read out only once during the period T and read out as shown by 68 a and stored in the buffer 76.
- the data is read out only once during the next cycle, and the data in the fixed block 66 is read out as shown by 68 b and stored in the buffer 76. Further, during the next cycle T, the data in the fixed block 66 is read out once and stored in the buffer 76 as shown by readout 68c.
- the PC 60 sequentially reads and decodes the AV data stored in the buffer 76. That is, as shown in the output 69a, the output 69b, and the output 69c, the data is sequentially read and decoded in units of 1 GOP (in the case of the conventional example, 15 frames of AV data).
- the PC 60 guarantees that the recording or the reading is performed on the HDD 10 in the unit of the fixed block 66 at every time of the period T.
- PC60 and HDD10 Even when performing multi-channel processing, such as playing back AV data on two channels while recording AV data on the channel, the PC 60 must always record, read, or read data on each channel every time period T. Guarantee.
- the order of the processes for each channel is cyclically performed by the PC 60 in a predetermined order. This will be described in the case of simultaneous processing on four channels as multi-channel processing.
- processing D Processing of recording (or playback) of AV data 1 A, Processing of recording (or playback) of AV data 2 B, Processing of recording (or playback) of AV data 3 C, Recording (or playback) of AV data 4
- the processing is called processing D.
- the PC 60 performs the recording (or reading) processing on the HDD 10 in units of the fixed block 66 in the order of the processing A, B, C, and D during the cycle T. Then, during the next cycle T, the PC 60 performs the recording (or reading) processing for the HDD 10 in the order of the processing A, B, C, and D in units of the fixed blocks 66. Further, during the next cycle T, the PC 60 performs the processes A, B, C, and D in this order.
- the processing order for each channel is performed cyclically while observing the predetermined order for each cycle T.
- PC60 always records or re-records once during cycle T.
- the control is performed so that the generated AV data is written to or read from the HDD 10 in fixed block 66 units.However, when recording or reading from the magnetic disk 23 in the normal case It may happen that the recording or reading of the fixed block 66 cannot be completed at the time of the cycle T because it took longer. Such a situation may occur, for example, when a defective sector is encountered during recording or reading of the magnetic disk 23 of the HDD 10 and the HDD 10 performs a retry process.
- FIG. 18 shows the operation at the time of reproduction when the processing is delayed as described above.
- AV data of fixed block 66 As shown in read 73, it is necessary to output AV data of fixed block 66 as shown in output 74 . Therefore, the AV data output from the PC 60 is missing. Therefore, the recording or reading operation on the magnetic disk 23 If is not completed during the period T, data will be lost when recording or reproducing AV data, and continuous transfer of AV data cannot be ensured. Further, as briefly described in the above description, while the HDD 10 is used, a defective area is generated on the magnetic disk 23 due to aging or the like.
- the PC 60 and HDD 10 incorporate an error recovery function to improve the reliability of recording or reading.
- the error recovery function includes a retry process for re-recording or reading data in the area where the error occurred, and allocating the LBA allocated to the area where the error occurred to another area, Replacement processing to stop use, LBA reallocation processing, etc.
- the controller 26 moves the position of the magnetic head 24 slightly, and then performs recording or reading again. . Such a retry process is repeated a predetermined number of times until recording or reading can be performed normally.
- the controller 26 regards the sector as a defective sector and performs a replacement process described below.
- the replacement process is performed by the HDD 10.
- the replacement process will be described with reference to FIG. In Fig. 19 (a), the replacement process is performed. This shows how the LBA before the recording corresponds to the area of the magnetic disk 23. (B) shows how the LBA corresponds to the area of the magnetic disk 23 after the replacement process is performed. (C) is a magnetic disk 23.
- the PC 60 When recording or reproducing the AV data on the HDD 10, the PC 60 notifies the HDD 10 of the LBA to be recorded or reproduced.
- the controller 26 of the HDD 10 records or reproduces data in the sector corresponding to the designated LBA. That is, the controller 26 has a list that associates the LBA with the magnetic disk 23.
- LBAs 1 to 6 sequentially correspond to sectors in the area A of the magnetic disk 23.
- the LBA 7 corresponds to the sector B of the magnetic disk 23.
- LBAs 8 to 12 sequentially correspond to sectors in the area C of the magnetic disk 23.
- the controller 26 determines that sector B of the magnetic disk 23 is a defective area, and writes the above list so as to use the replacement sector B in the replacement area instead of the sector B. Replace.
- the magnetic disk 23 is provided with a predetermined area used for the replacement processing in advance, and the sector included in this area is used for the replacement processing. Used as a replacement sector to use.
- the controller 26 when the replacement process is performed, when the controller 26 encounters a defective sector, the controller 26 rewrites a list that associates the LBA with the sector of the magnetic disk 23, and thereafter, replaces the defective sector with the replacement sector in the replacement area. This is the process to be used.
- discontinuous sectors such as B 'in Fig. 19 (b) are allocated to the LBA, so that a seek operation occurs even when accessing a continuous LBA. And the continuous transfer performance of the hard disk drive decreases.
- FIG. 20 shows a process of reallocating the LBA by the PC 60.
- the function of the replacement process of the HDD 10 is turned off.
- FIG. 20 (a) shows the result of LBA reassignment processing performed when the sector corresponding to LBA 7 is a defective sector, similarly to FIG. 19 (b). . That is, the PC 60 holds the LBA correspondence table as shown in FIG. This is a table that associates the LBA used by the PC 60 with the LBA used by the HDD 10.
- the LBA Since the sector corresponding to LBA 7 is a defective sector, an access error occurs when trying to access LBA 7. When the number of such defective sectors reaches a certain number, the LBA is reallocated. Defective sector B is not used by LBA reallocation processing. That is, the LBA used in the PC 60 is associated with the LBA used in the HDD 10 as shown in FIG. That is, the defective sector B is not used. In addition, the LBA correspondence table is created so that the LBAs used in the PC 60 correspond to the sectors in the order of rotation of the disk. Therefore, if the LBA used in the PC 60 is accessed continuously, the defective area is skipped and the sector is accessed in the order of rotation of the disk, so that the seek operation does not occur.
- the buffer cannot be absorbed, and the AV data to be recorded or reproduced has a problem.
- the LBA reassignment process is performed on the PC side as described above.
- this process is very time-consuming, because in order to reassign LBA, data already recorded in a sector must be re-recorded in another sector. That is, there is a problem that the reallocation process takes time. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention considers the problem that when recording in GOP units, dummy data is inserted and then recorded, so that the data capacity is increased and the transfer time is wasted, and the hard disk drive with no wasted transfer time is considered. , Media and information aggregates.
- the present invention considers the problem that if the recording operation or the reading operation is not completed within a predetermined period, the buffer cannot be absorbed and the AV data to be recorded or reproduced will be missing, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a hard disk drive, a medium, and an information aggregate in which even if recording or reading operation is delayed, the delay is recovered and AV data is not lost.
- the present invention also considers the problem that, when managing a defective area, performing a replacement process reduces the recording or reading speed of a hard disk device. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hard disk drive, a medium, and an information aggregate in which the recording and reading speeds do not decrease even if a replacement process is performed when managing areas.
- the present invention considers the problem that it takes time to reassign an LBA when managing a defective area, and provides a hard disk drive and a medium that do not need to reassign an LBA when managing a defective area.
- the purpose is to provide an information aggregate.
- a first present invention (corresponding to claim 1) comprises: a recording unit that records AV data on a hard disk;
- Stream control means connected to the recording means for signal processing of the AV data sent from the interface or the AV data sent to the interface
- a hard disk drive capable of recording and / or reproducing AV data
- a disk access unit which is the minimum unit for continuously accessing the hard disk and has a size that guarantees real-time transfer of AV data, is not completed normally, the disk access unit is replaced.
- This is a hard disk device that performs replacement processing for each disk access unit so that another disk access unit can be used later.
- the case where the transfer is not completed normally means that the number of times that the transfer of AV data to the disk access unit is not completed within a predetermined time
- the first invention which is the case where a predetermined number of times has been exceeded, It is a hard disk device as described.
- a third aspect of the present invention when the transfer of the AV data to the sector of the hard disk is not completed normally, the transfer is completed normally.
- the hard disk device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention which performs a sector-by-sector replacement process in which another sector is used instead of the previous sector.
- a fourth invention is a recording means for recording AV data on a hard disk
- Stream control means connected to the recording means for signal processing of the AV data sent from the interface or the AV data sent to the interface
- a hard disk drive capable of recording and / or reproducing AV data with a multi-channel
- the stream control unit executes the predetermined size stored in the buffer. Generating a write request to transfer the data to the recording unit, the recording unit writes the data of the predetermined size,
- the stream control means At the time of reproduction, at a timing when the data of the predetermined size is read from the buffer of the stream control means to the interface, the stream control means generates a read request for transfer from the recording means,
- the recording unit is a hard disk device that reads the data of the predetermined size and stores the data in the buffer.
- the stream control means executes a transfer command to the recording means in the order in which the write request and the read request are received.
- a hard disk drive according to a fourth aspect of the present invention.
- the stream control means executes a transfer command to the recording means in an order according to a predetermined priority order of the write request and the read request.
- a hard disk drive according to a fourth aspect of the present invention.
- a seventh invention is the hard disk device according to any one of the fourth to sixth inventions, wherein the data of the predetermined size has a fixed length.
- An eighth invention is the hard disk device according to the seventh invention, wherein the fixed length is an integral multiple of the number of bytes in one sector.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention is that the AV data is an MPEG transport stream,
- the data of the predetermined size is obtained by adding a header to data obtained by collecting a predetermined number of time-stamped packet data obtained by adding a time stamp to the transport packet of the AV data, and adding a header to the data.
- a tenth aspect of the present invention provides all or a part of the functions of all or part of the hard disk device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects of the present invention.
- a medium that stores a program and / or data to be executed by a computer is a medium that can be processed by a computer.
- the eleventh invention provides all or a part of the functions of all or a part of the invention according to any one of the first to ninth inventions.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the HDD device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a detailed configuration of the IE 1394 I / F and the stream control means according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the HDD according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining each operation of seek, settling, and tracking according to the first embodiment of the present invention. '
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a transfer rate per channel for each recording size according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating that (a) the recording unit in the first embodiment of the present invention is a transport packet and a time stamp.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a recording format of a disk access unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a data transfer method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows recording and reproduction of AV data according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a time chart figure in the case of performing simultaneously.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart when recording and reproducing AV data simultaneously according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a recording format of the disk access unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a table in which LBAs, tracks, and sectors are associated with each other in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows (a) a DAU management table according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional HDD device.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional magnetic disk.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating (a) the GOP structure.
- B) is a diagram for explaining that a conventional HDD device records data in GOP units.
- C A time chart when the conventional HDD device simultaneously performs a recording operation and a reproducing operation.
- -FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a reproduction operation of the conventional HDD device.
- FIG. 17 is a time chart when (a) a delay occurs in a recording or reading process for a magnetic disk in a conventional HDD device. (B) Another time chart when a delay occurs in the recording or reading processing for the magnetic disk in the conventional HDD device.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a reproducing operation in a conventional HDD device when a recording or reading process for a magnetic disk has a delay.
- Fig. 19 shows (a) the conventional HDD device, the LBA and the magnetic disk before the replacement process. It is a figure showing correspondence with a field of a mark.
- (B) is a diagram showing the correspondence between the LBA after the replacement process and the area of the magnetic disk in the conventional HDD device.
- (C) is a diagram showing an area of a magnetic disk.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating (a) a conventional HDD device, which is an allocation process at the time of LBA.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an area of the magnetic disk. Explanation of reference numerals
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a system including an HDD device 2 which is an embodiment of the hard disk device of the present invention.
- HDD device 2 is connected to IEEE 1394 path 1.
- STB 3 is also connected to IEEE 1394 bus 1.
- an antenna 4 and a monitor 5 are connected to STB3.
- the IEEE 1394 path 1 is an IEEE Standard for High-Performance Serial Bus described in IEEE 1394—1995, which relays the transfer of AV data and the exchange of commands.
- the HDD device 2 is a device that records, records, or reproduces AV data while exchanging AV data with the STB 3 via the IEEE1394 path 1.
- STB3 After receiving the broadcast wave transmitted from the broadcasting station, STB3 displays the received AV data on the moeta 5, transfers the received AV data to the IEEE 1394 path 1, and executes the IEEE 1394 path 1.
- This is a Set Top Box (satellite receiver) that displays the AV data transferred from the PC on the monitor 5.
- FIG. 2 shows a detailed configuration of the stream control unit 8 of the HDD device 2.
- the IEEE 1394 I / F 7 has a recording / reproducing port 21.
- the stream control means 8 includes a recording signal processing means 16, a reproduction signal processing means 17
- Transfer control means 18 Transfer control means 18, buffer RAMI 9, and microprocessor 20.
- FIG. 3 shows a detailed configuration of the HDD 10.
- the HDD 10 includes a controller 26, a head amplifier 27, a driver 28, an interface 29, a buffer cache 30, a magnetic disk 23, a magnetic head 24, and an actuator 25.
- the HDD 10 is the same as that described in the related art.
- the STB 3 includes a tuner 11, a transport decoder 15, an AV decoder 13, and an IEEE 1394 IZF 14.
- an IEEE 1394 I / F 7 constituting the HDf) device 2 is an interface for exchanging commands and AV data with an external device via the IEEE 1394 bus 1.
- the recording / reproducing port 21 is a port connected to the IEEE 1394 path 1.
- the stream control means 8 is a means having an ability to access the magnetic disk 23 by designating LBA (logicalbloccdres ss) and simultaneously process AV data of two or more channels.
- LBA logicalbloccdres ss
- the recording signal processing means 16 constituting the stream control means 8 analyzes the input MPEG2 transport stream to create information for performing special reproduction, and also creates a transport path for the MPEG2 transport stream. This is a means for adding a time stamp for accumulation to the packet and transferring the packet to the transfer control means 18.
- the reproduction signal processing means 17 separates the storage timestamp added to the transport bucket of the MPEG2 transport stream transferred from the transfer control means 18, and outputs the time interval indicated by the timestamp.
- the transport packet is transferred to the IEEE 1394 IZF 7 by using, and at the time of trick play, the MPEG-2 transport stream transferred from the transfer control means 18 is reconstructed to conform to the MPEG2 grammar. This is a means to create special playback data.
- the transfer control means 18 When recording the AV data, the transfer control means 18 The MPEG2 transport stream and the information for trick play sent from it are stored in the buffer RAMI 9, and when data is stored in the buffer RAMI 9 for the access unit, a command is issued and written to the HDD 10. This is a means for instructing the start LBA of the disk access unit to be used and the number of sectors for the disk access unit, and transferring the data to the HDD 10 by the size of the data disk access unit stored in the buffer RAMI9.
- a command is issued to the HDD 10. This is a means to indicate the start LBA of the disk access unit to be read and the number of sectors for the disk access unit, and store the data of the disk access unit size read by the HDD 10 in the buffer RAMI 9. .
- the buffer RAMI 9 is a synchronous dynamic RAM for temporarily storing data.
- the microprocessor 20 is a means for controlling the execution of the processing of the IEEE 1394 / / 7 stream control means 8, the recording signal processing means 16, and the reproduction signal processing means 17.
- the controller 26 that configures the HDD 10 associates the specified LBA with the head and sector, controls the actuator 25 and the spindle motor, positions the magnetic head 24, and moves the magnetic head 24 to the magnetic disk 23.
- This is a means for controlling to perform recording or reading for. That is, the controller 26 detects the relative position of the magnetic head 24 with respect to the magnetic disk 23 from the output of the head amplifier 27, and controls the actuator 25 on the magnetic disk 23.
- a control signal for positioning at a predetermined position is output to the driver 28, a signal read from an output of the head amplifier 27 is converted into digital data, and a digital data to be recorded is converted into a signal to be written. This is a means for supplying to the head amplifier 27.
- the head amplifier 27 is means for detecting and amplifying a reproduction signal of the magnetic head 24 and amplifying the recording signal.
- the driver 28 is means for supplying a current corresponding to the control signal to the actuator 25.
- the interface 29 is a means for exchanging information such as command data which is an operation instruction from the transfer control means 18.
- the buffer cache 30 is a means for storing such information and efficiently recording / reproducing on / from the magnetic disk 23.
- the magnetic disk 23 is a magnetic recording medium for recording data.
- the magnetic head 24 is means for recording and reproducing information on and from the magnetic disk 23.
- the actuator 25 is means for mounting the magnetic head 24 on the tip and performing a positioning operation at an arbitrary radial position on the magnetic disk 23.
- a spindle motor 2 for driving the magnetic disk 23 to rotate, a buffer control unit for controlling the buffer cache 30 and the like are provided.
- the IEEE 1394 IZF 14 constituting the STB 3 communicates with an external device connected to the IEEE 1394 path 1 via the IEEE 1394 bus 1.
- the tuner 11 is a means for receiving and demodulating a BS broadcast.
- the transport decoder 15 is a means for separating the MPEG2 transport stream.
- the AV decoder 13 is a means for expanding the compression of the separated AV data and converting it into an analog signal.
- the sector constituting the magnetic disk 23 has a length of 512 bytes, and the stream control means 8 reads / writes data from / to the magnetic disk 23 in, for example, continuous 4096 sectors at a time. .
- an area where the stream control means 8 reads and writes the magnetic disk 23 at one time is called a disk access unit.
- the HDD device 2 of the present embodiment is an example of the hard disk device of the present invention
- the HDD 10 of the present embodiment is an example of the recording means of the present invention.
- 39 4 I ZF 7 is an example of the interface of the present invention. Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
- the magnetic disk 23 is driven to rotate at a constant rotation speed by a spindle motor (not shown).
- the magnetic head 24 is positioned by the actuator 25.
- position information (b in the figure) is recorded in advance on concentric tracks (one track is shown by a broken line in a in the figure).
- the position information b is recorded at regular intervals on each track, and the magnetic head 24 reproduces the position information at regular time intervals as the magnetic disk 23 rotates.
- the reproduced signal of the magnetic head 24 is detected and amplified by the head amplifier 27. Is input to the controller 26.
- the controller 26 determines that the information is position information based on the input signal, calculates the position error of the magnetic head 23 with respect to the target track a at that time, and reduces the position error so as to reduce the position error. Calculate the control amount necessary to drive the motor 25 and output the control signal.
- the driver 28 supplies a necessary current to the drive coil 25 c of the actuator 25 based on the input control signal.
- a driving force is generated by the driving coil 25c and the permanent magnet 25d provided opposite thereto, and the actuator 25 rotates around the point c and constantly magnetizes on the target track a.
- Head 2 4. Position. In this state, information is recorded and reproduced in the data area by the magnetic head 24.
- seek 31 is an operation of moving between tracks as shown in FIG.
- the head moves from the current position (the position of the magnetic head 35 a) to the vicinity of the target track in as short a time as possible.
- the settling 32 is performed, which is an operation of setting the swing to the center of the target track (the position of the magnetic head 35b). After settling 32, the magnetic head 35b is precisely positioned. After that, data recording or reproduction is performed. It is necessary to control so that the magnetic head 35b is correctly positioned on the target track even during data recording and reproduction. Since the rotating disk generates various vibrations and the magnetic head 35b also vibrates, the operation of the tracking 33, which is the operation following the track, is necessary. Thus, the positioning operation of the magnetic head 35b is roughly divided into three modes: seek, settling, and tracking. Data cannot be recorded or read during seek and settling operations, and data can be recorded or read only during tracking operations.
- the magnetic head 24 moves (seeks) to a track on which the AV data is recorded, and then the magnetic disk 23 is moved. After rotating and waiting until a sector for recording or reading comes under the magnetic head 24, the AV data is recorded and reproduced. Further, adjacent sectors can be continuously read without moving the magnetic head 24 or waiting for rotation. However, in order to read a plurality of non-consecutive sectors, it is necessary to repeat the three steps of moving the magnetic head 24, waiting for rotation, and reading data. It takes extra time to move the data and wait for rotation as time during which data cannot be read.
- the length of the disk access unit which is the minimum unit for continuously recording or reading AV data, is increased to some extent, and the above-described seek settling operation is performed. Needs to be reduced in frequency. It is also necessary to consider the time required for processing such as retries.
- the size of the disk access unit is determined by the following equation (1). Number 1D
- Equation 1 indicates that when the size of the disk access unit is D, the transfer rate becomes Rch.
- the required transfer rate is about 15 Mbps
- the required transfer rate is about 30 Mbps. Therefore, if the Rch obtained by Equation 1 is 30 Mbps or more, both high-definition television images and normal-definition images can be transferred continuously. D at this time may be the size of the disk access unit.
- T1 is the processing time required to record or read the data of transfer size D to the inner circumference of the magnetic disk 23, and D is the transfer size.
- R i is the recording or reading rate on the inner circumference of the magnetic disk 23
- C is the number of channels during multi-channel processing
- S st is the time required for one settling
- W is the rotation waiting time.
- T2 is the processing time required to record or read the data of the transfer size D on the outer and inner circumferences of the magnetic disk 23
- D is the transfer size
- R is the transfer size
- i is the recording or reading rate on the inner circumference of the magnetic disk 23
- Ro is the recording or reading rate on the outer circumference of the magnetic disk 23
- C is the channel during multi-channel processing.
- S st is the time required for settling
- S fsk is the time required for full-stroke
- W is the time waiting for rotation.
- the arithmetic operator 10 used in Equation 3 represents only the quotient of the quotient and the remainder obtained as a result of performing the division.
- the arithmetic operator% represents only the remainder of the quotient and remainder obtained as a result of performing the division.
- Fig. 5 shows the relationship between D tRCh and R i assuming that R i is 70 Mbps and Ro is 108 Mbps.
- the size of the disk access unit of the HDD device 2 of the present embodiment is set to 2 Mbytes.
- the HDD device 2 Since the HDD device 2 has the size of the disk access unit obtained in this way, the AV data is used for both the normal definition television image and the high definition television image. AV data during channel processing Can be guaranteed.
- An MPEG2 transport stream is sent from a BS broadcast station on a broadcast wave.
- the antenna 4 converts this broadcast wave into an electric signal.
- the tuner 11 receives and demodulates the electric signal.
- the transport decoder 15 separates the MPEG2 transport stream.
- the IEEE 1394 I / F 14 creates an isochronous packet from the separated MPEG 2 transport stream and transmits it to the 1 £££ 1394 bus 1.
- the IEEE 1394 I / F 7 receives the asynchronous bucket transferred to the IEEE1394 bus 1 from the recording / reproducing port 21 by identifying its channel number. Further, the received iso-nasal bucket is converted into a MEPG2 transport stream. Then, the transport packets are sequentially transferred to the recording signal processing means 16 at the timing indicated by the transmission time stamp.
- the recording signal processing means 16 adds a storage time stamp to the transport packet sent from the IEEE 1394 I / F 7. Further, the MPEG2 transport stream is analyzed to create special reproduction information indicating a position at which each frame used in the special reproduction is included. Special created The transport bucket to which the reproduction information and the time stamp are added is output to the transfer control means 18.
- the transfer control unit 18 arbitrates the data transfer of the recording signal processing unit 16, the reproduction signal processing unit 17, and the HDD 10. When the transport bucket to which the time stamp is added and the special reproduction information are transferred from the recording signal processing means 16, they are received and stored in the buffer RAM 9.
- the transfer control means 18 calculates the sum of the size of the transport packet added with the time stamp stored in the buffer RAM I 9 and the size of the header information storing information for special reproduction etc. as the size of the disk access unit. That is, at the timing of 2 Mbytes, the transport bucket with the header information and the time stamp added to the buffer RAM I9 is transferred to the HDD 10 and the recording start LBA And the number of sectors to be written, and issues a command to write data to the magnetic disk 23.
- the number of sectors to be written specifies the number of sectors that make up the disk access unit. That is, since the size of the disk access unit is 2 Mbytes and one sector is 5 12 bytes, the number of sectors is designated as 409.
- the controller 26 controls the rotation speed of the spindle motor and also controls the actuator 25.
- the controller 26 performs signal processing for recording on the transferred data according to an instruction from the transfer control means 18, amplifies the data to a predetermined magnification, and sends the amplified data to the magnetic head 24.
- the controller 26 controls the actuator 25 to position the magnetic head 24 at the next write position on the magnetic disk 23.
- magnetic head 2 4 records this signal on the magnetic disk 23.
- the controller 26 notifies the interface 29 that the recording has been completed.
- the interface 29 notifies the transfer control means 18 that the recording has been completed.
- the length of data written at one time by the controller 26 is performed in units of a fixed-length disk access unit.
- the transfer control unit 18 When the transfer control unit 18 knows that the HDD 10 has completed the data recording, it performs arbitration with the playback, the recording signal processing unit 16, the reproduction signal processing unit 17, and the interface 29.
- the STB 3 receives the AV data transmitted from the BS broadcasting station, and the HDD device 2 records the AV data.
- the transfer control means 18 issues a read command to the HDD 10 by specifying the start LBA of the AV data to be read and the number of sectors to be read. However, as the number of sectors to be read, specify 4096 which is the number of sectors of the disk access unit.
- the controller 26 of the HDD 10 controls the spindle motor and the actuator 25 based on the LBA and the number of sectors specified by the transfer control means 18 to position the head 24 at the next reading position of the AV data on the magnetic disk 23. I do.
- the head 24 reads a signal recorded on the magnetic disk 23.
- Head amplifier 27 Amplifies this signal by a predetermined factor, and controller 26 The amplified signal is converted into digital data.
- the interface 29 transfers the read data to the transfer control means 18.
- the transfer control means 18 temporarily stores the AV data for the capacity of the disk access unit from the interface 29 in the buffer RAMI 9.
- the AV data stored in the buffer RAMI 9 is composed of a transport packet to which header information and a series of time stamps are added. Then, the transfer control means 18 sequentially transfers the AV data from the buffer RAMI 9 to the reproduction signal processing means 16.
- the transfer control means 1 ⁇ instructs the read HDD 10 to read at the timing when the AV data stored in the buffer RAMI 9 is transferred to the reproduction signal processing means 17 by the size of the disk access unit, that is, by 2M bits. Issue a command.
- the reproduction signal processing means 16 separates the time stamp added to the MPEG2 transport bucket of the AV data sent from the transfer control means 18, and removes the time stamp at the time indicated by the time stamp. Transfer the transport bucket to IEEE 1394 IZF 7.
- the IEEE 1394 I / F 7 transmits the AV data as an isochronous bucket from the recording / reproducing port 21 to the IEEE 1394 bus 1.
- the IEEE1394 I / F 14 of the STB 3 identifies the channel number and receives the isochronous bucket sent from the IEEE 1394 I / F 7. Then, the IEEE 1394 IZF 14 converts the received asynchronous packet into an MPEG2 transport stream. Then, it outputs to the transport decoder 15.
- the transport decoder 15 converts the MPEG2 transport stream. Separate and convert to packetized elementary stream (PES).
- PES packetized elementary stream
- the AV decoder 13 decompresses the PES, converts it into an analog signal, and outputs it to the monitor 5.
- Monitor 5 displays AV data on the screen.
- the HDD device 2 displays the recorded AV data on the monitor 5 connected to the STB 3 via the IEEE1394 bus 1.
- the STB 3 receives AV data transmitted from a BS broadcast station, and the HDD device 2 records the AV data.
- the operation of recording the AV data and playing back the recorded AV data to the monitor 5 connected to the STB 3 via the IEEE 1394 path 1 at the same time as recording the AV data will be described.
- the IEEE 1394 IZF 7 receives the recording isochronous packet from the recording / reproducing port 21 by identifying the channel number. Then, the recording signal processing means 16 adds a time stamp for accumulation to the transport packet, analyzes the MEPG2 transport stream, and creates special reproduction information. Then, the recording signal processing unit 16 transfers the transport packet to which the time stamp is added and the special reproduction information to the transfer control unit 18. Further, the transfer control means 18 stores the AV data and the special reproduction information sent from the recording signal processing means 16 in the buffer RAM I9.
- the transfer control means 18 transfers 2 megabytes of data from the buffer RAM I 9 to the interface 29 of the HDD 10, and starts recording with the LBA and the number of sectors to be recorded, ie, 4 0 9 6 And issue a command to instruct HDD 10 to record.
- the HDD 10 is already in the process of transferring data, issue a command to instruct recording after the transfer of the HDD 10 is completed.
- the controller 26 When the controller 26 receives this command via the interface 29 of the HDD 10, the controller 26 records the data on the magnetic disk 23.
- the AV data recorded on the magnetic disk 23 in this way is reproduced simultaneously.
- the transfer control means 18 issues a command for instructing the HDD 10 to read by specifying the start LBA of the AV data to be read and the number of sectors to be read, ie, 4096.
- the HDD 10 is already transferring data, it issues a read command after the transfer is completed.
- the controller 26 controls the spindle motor and the actuator 25 based on the start LBA specified by the transfer control means 18 and the number of sectors to be read, and reads AV data from the magnetic head 24.
- the read AV data is transferred to the interface 29.
- the transfer control means 18 is a disk access unit from the interface 29. Then, the data for each bit is stored in the buffer RAMI9. Then, the AV data is sequentially transferred to the reproduction signal processing means 17. At the timing when the AV data stored in the buffer RAMI 9 has been transferred to the reproduction signal processing means 17 by the size of the disk access unit, the transfer control means 18 again issues a command for instructing the HDD 10 to read. However, if the HDD 10 is already transferring, issue a read command after the transfer is completed.
- the reproduction signal processing means 17 separates the time stamp added to the transport packet and transfers the transport bucket to the IEEE 1394 IZF 7 at the timing indicated by the time stamp.
- the IEEE 1394 I / F 7 transmits the MPEG 2 transport stream as an isochronous bucket from the recording / reproduction port 21 to the IEEE 1394 4 bus 1.
- the transfer control means 18 issues a command while queuing the transmission of data for recording and the transfer of data for reproduction to the HDD 10. It also performs arbitration such as recording signal processing means 16, playback signal processing means 17, and transfer of data to AMI9. That is, the HDD device 2 can simultaneously process data of two or more channels. Next, how the stream control means 8 and the HDD 10 simultaneously record and reproduce AV data when performing the above operation will be described in detail.
- (B) in Fig. 6 is a collection of N 194 bytes of data (N is a positive integer) and the addition of a header, resulting in a total of (194 XN + header size) bytes of data. .
- FIG. 7 shows the AV data transfer method.
- the buffer RAMI 9 is provided with a recording buffer 41 and a reproduction buffer 42.
- transport packets are sequentially input to the recording signal processing means 14 of the IEEEE 1394 I / F 7 and the stream control means 8.
- As input 43 about 2 Mbytes of data are input in 0.5 seconds.
- the recording signal processing means 14 adds a time stamp for storage to the transport bucket, creates 194 bytes of data, creates special reproduction information, and controls the transfer of 194 bits of data and special reproduction information. Transfer to means 18.
- the transfer control means 18 temporarily stores the data sent from the recording signal processing means 14 in the recording buffer 41. Further, the transfer control means 18 creates the header information of the disk access unit storing the information for trick play and the like, and stores the header information in the recording buffer 41. The header information of the disk access unit will be described later.
- Data for the capacity of the disk access unit is stored in the recording buffer 41. Then, at that timing, the transfer control means 18 transfers the data of the disk access unit of the recording buffer 41 to the HDD 10 and issues a recording command. If HDD 10 is already being transferred, the transfer control unit 18 receives a request for a new data transfer to queue 1 f ing. The queued transfer request issues a command to the HDD 10 so as to be executed immediately after the transfer of the HDD 10 is completed.
- Figure 7 shows the case where the capacity of the disk access unit is 2 Mbytes. .
- the interface 29 Upon receiving the data to be recorded and the recording command, the interface 29 temporarily stores the data in the buffer cache 30 and sequentially transfers the data from the buffer cache 30 to the controller 26. In this way, upon receiving the recording command from the transfer control means 18, the controller 26 records the data for the disk access unit on the magnetic disk 23 as indicated by write 44.
- the time required for one write 44 is about 150 ms to 25 Oms.
- the data is sequentially transferred from the reproduction buffer 42 to the reproduction signal processing means 17. Then, the reproduction signal processing means 17 outputs the transport bucket to the IEEE1394 IZF 7 at the timing indicated by the time stamp added to the transport bucket, as indicated by the output 46.
- the data amount of output 46 is about 2 JV [bytes] for 0.5 seconds.
- the transfer control means 18 issues a read command to the HDD 10 at the timing when the data in the reproduction buffer 42 has been output by the capacity of the disk access unit. If the HDD 10 is already transferring data, the transfer control means 18 queues a new transfer request. The queued transfer request is As soon as the transfer of the HDD 10 is completed, a read command is issued to execute the transfer.
- the interface 29 When receiving the read command, the interface 29 reads the data of the disk access unit from the magnetic disk 23 and stores it in the buffer cache 30. Then, the data is sequentially transferred from the buffer cache 30 to the interface 29. In this way, upon receiving the read command from the transfer control means 18, the controller 26 transfers the data from the magnetic disk 23 to the interface 29, as indicated by read 45. The transfer control means 18 stores the data read in this way in the reproduction buffer 42.
- the recording of the AV data and the reproduction of the AV data are performed by the transfer control means 18 while queuing the transfer requests to the HDDs 10 by each other.
- Figure 8 shows the time chart.
- a transport packet with a time stamp attached thereto, such as input 47 a, is sequentially input to the recording buffer 41, and when the data corresponding to the capacity of the disk access unit is stored together with the header, the data is transmitted. At the timing, the data for the disk access cut is written to the HDD 10 like W (W rite) 48a.
- transport packets with time stamps are sequentially output, and when data corresponding to the capacity of the disk access unit is output, the data is output at that timing.
- Data for the disk access unit is read from the HDD 2 as R (Lead) 49a and stored in the playback buffer 42.
- the arrows in the figure indicate that the transfer is performed. This is a representation of the trigger.
- the transfer control means 18 issues a recording or reading command to the HDDI 0 while performing queuing in the order in which the recording or reading request is issued each time the recording or reading request is issued to the HDD 10. .
- the interface 29 performs data transfer via the buffer cache 30.
- the controller 26 records the data stored in the buffer cache 30 to the magnetic disk 23 when the recording command is executed, and reads the data from the magnetic disk 23 when the read command is executed.
- FIG. 9 shows a time chart when the reading from the HDD 10 is delayed.
- R
- the data corresponding to the capacity of the fixed-length disk access unit is recorded or read from / to the HDD 10 when the data is stored and output to the buffer RAM I9. Even if there is a delay in recording or reading, the delay can be recovered without any loss of AV data.
- the HDD device 2 of the present embodiment when a video to be reproduced is viewed on the monitor 5 at the time of simultaneous recording and reproduction, the reproduction can be temporarily stopped due to the requirement. The screen of the monitor 5 is stopped, and the viewing is interrupted. Then, when re-viewing is started on the monitor 5 after completion of the operation, it is possible to check the gist of the program while performing special reproduction such as fast-forwarding, and to follow the scene currently being broadcast. Chasing up to the scene currently being broadcast by performing such special reproduction is called chase reproduction.
- the transfer control means 18 reads the special reproduction data for performing the chase reproduction by issuing a command instructing the HDD 10 to read, and stores the data in the buffer RAM I9.
- the transfer control means 18 reads the special reproduction information created at the time of recording for that purpose, and can know which part of the recorded AV data is to be read from the special reproduction information.
- the transfer control means 18 sends the chase-reproduction data to the reproduction signal processing means 17. Forward.
- the AV data sent from the transfer control means 18 to the reproduction signal processing means 17 is sent as transport packets, but only a part of the recorded AV data is sent. In other words, a transport packet containing all or part of each frame for special reproduction (for example, only I frames) is sent. Therefore, information necessary for the grammar of MEPG is missing or unnecessary information is added.
- the reproduction signal processing means 17 reconstructs the transmitted transport packet so as to conform to the MPEG grammar. Then, the reconfigured transport packet is transferred to the IE 1394 IZF 7 as an MPEG2 transport stream.
- the reproduction signal processing unit 17 reconstructs the MPEG2 transport stream for the special reproduction.
- the length of the disk access unit is determined so that continuous transfer of AV data can be guaranteed in consideration of performing multi-channel processing.
- a recording format suitable for recording and reproducing AV data is used.
- the HDD device 2 transfers the AV data while the AV decoder 13 expands the compression of the AV data, converts it into an analog signal, and displays the analog signal on the monitor 5. None happens in time. Also, when recording AV data, it is received by tuner 11 and IEE The HDD device 2 cannot record the AV data transferred from the E 1394 I / F 14 and the buffer RAM I 9 does not overflow.
- the AV data recorded on the magnetic disk 23 is deleted when it is no longer needed, but when it is deleted, it is also deleted per disk access unit. Therefore, no matter how many times the AV data is recorded and deleted on the magnetic disk 23, the free area of the magnetic disk 23 always becomes equal to or larger than the size of the disk access unit. That is, since there is no free area smaller than the size of the disk access unit, continuous transfer of AV data can be guaranteed during recording or playback.
- the length of the disk access unit is determined so that continuous transfer can be guaranteed as described above. I can do it.
- a recording format employed by the HDD 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 10 shows a recording format according to the present embodiment.
- the disk access unit 51 has a fixed length, and the length is determined as described above.
- a typical disk access unit is 2 megabytes in size. Further, the disk access unit 51 is divided into a header 52 and an MPEG2 transport stream 53.
- the chain information 54 refers to the next disk access unit 51.
- the disk access unit number which is the address of the disk access unit is stored.
- the special reproduction information 55 includes location information for accessing a frame of AV data, information indicating whether the frame is an I, P, or B frame, a frame number, and the like.
- the MPEG transport stream 53 stores a transport packet 59 to which a time stamp is added as shown in a time stamp header 58.
- the header 58 of the transport bucket can be obtained by calculation, and the access can be further speeded up.
- the special reproduction information 55 is provided in the header 52 of the disk access unit 51, so that the special reproduction can be performed efficiently even during simultaneous recording and reproduction.
- the stream control means 8 performs the transfer to the HDD 10 in the order in which the transfer requests are generated.
- the transfer may be performed with respect to the HDD 10 in a prioritized manner. For example, it is possible to give priority to recording by giving a higher priority to a request for recording than to a request for reading.
- the HDD device 2 has been described as having the stream control means 8, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the HDD device 2 does not have the stream control means 8 and is constituted by the HDD 10, and the function of the stream control means 8 may be executed by a personal computer.
- the HDD device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the HDD 10 holds the table shown in FIG. This is a table that maps LBAs to physical addresses. Also, the HDD 10 performs the replacement process in sector units when a defective sector is encountered, as described in FIG. 19 of the conventional technology. The replacement process is performed by rewriting the physical address in the table in Fig. 11 with the physical address of the sector in the replacement area.
- the buffer RAMI 9 stores a DAU management table 80 shown in FIG. 12A and a DAU conversion table 84 shown in FIG. 12B.
- the DAU management table 80 is a table for managing the area of the magnetic disk 23 on a disk access unit basis, and is a table in which a DAU number 81, a DAU number 82 after replacement processing, and an error counter 83 are grouped. is there.
- the DAU number 81 is a number for dividing the area of the magnetic disk 23 into disk access units and identifying the disk access unit of the magnetic disk 23.
- the error counter 83 counts the number of times data could not be recorded or reproduced on the disk access unit within a predetermined time.
- the DAU number 82 after the replacement processing is a column for writing the number of the disk access unit to be used instead of the disk access unit when the number indicated by the error counter 83 exceeds a predetermined number. is there.
- the DAU conversion table 84 is a table for obtaining the first LBA constituting the disk access unit from the number of the disk access unit.
- DAU number 85 is the number of the disk access unit.
- the first LB A86 is the first LB A of the disk access unit. Further, the disk access unit is previously distinguished into a disk access unit used for normal recording or reproduction and a disk access unit used for replacement processing. For example, disk access units with disk access unit numbers 1 to 10000 are disk access units used for normal recording or playback, and disk access units 10001 to 10500 are used for replacement processing. It is assumed that this is a disk access unit to perform.
- the transfer control unit 18 designates the LBA and the number of sectors in the HDD 10, and instructs the recording or reading of the AV data. That is, when the transfer control means 18 determines the number of the disk access unit to be written (or read) next, it refers to the DAU management table 80 and converts the DAU number 81 into the DAU number 82 after the replacement processing.
- the DAU number 81 is the DAU number 82 after the replacement process in the 4th column. Read. This is the number of the converted disk access unit.
- the disc access unit number after conversion is 4, which is the same as before the conversion.
- the transfer control means 18 refers to the DAU conversion table 84 and obtains the first LBA of the converted disk access unit number.
- the leading LBA 86 of the fourth DAU number 85 is 12289.
- the head LBA and the number of sectors of the disk access unit thus obtained are notified to the HDD 10.
- the number of sectors in this case is 409 6 sectors.
- the HDD 10 converts the LBA into a physical address using a table as shown in FIG. 11 in which the LBA is associated with a track number and a sector number. That is, when the LBA and the number of sectors are notified from the transfer control unit 18, the controller 26 of the HDD 10 uses the table shown in FIG. 11 to determine the sector of the track of the magnetic disk 23. And recording or reading of AV data.
- the controller 26 performs a retry process. Also, when data cannot be read normally from a certain sector when reading data, the controller 26 performs a retry process.
- the retry processing exceeds a predetermined number of times, for example, 10 times, the replacement processing is performed for each sector in the same manner as the defective area management operation described with reference to FIG.
- the replacement process is performed by rewriting the physical address in FIG. 11 with a physical address that specifies a replacement sector in the replacement area. As described above, the HDD 10 performs the replacement process in the same manner as the conventional technology.
- the transfer control means 18 measures the processing time of the disk access unit currently writing (or reading). If the write (or read) time exceeds a predetermined time, the error counter 83 in FIG. 12 is incremented by one.
- the processing time of writing (or reading) of the disk access unit with the disk access unit number 4 exceeds a predetermined time, Since the error counter 8 3 in the column 4 of the D AU number 81 is 5, the value is increased by 1 to 6.
- the transfer control means 18 When the count of the error counter exceeds a predetermined number of times, for example, 10 times, the transfer control means 18 performs a replacement process for each disk unit using another disk access unit instead of the disk access unit. I do.
- the D AU number 82 after the replacement process in the column of D AU number 81 is rewritten from 4 to 100 1.
- the replacement processing is performed by changing the DAU number 82 after the replacement processing to the number of the disk access unit used for the replacement processing.
- the data is copied to the first disk access unit in the first disk access unit.
- the DAU number 81 initializes the error counter 83 in the fourth column, that is, rewrites it to 0.
- the D AU management table 80 Since the D AU management table 80 has been rewritten in this way, when the D AU number 81 accesses the fourth disk access unit for recording or reading processing, the D AU number 81 is actually The disk access unit area will be accessed. In this way, the area of the disk access unit in which the error has occurred is no longer used by the replacement processing for each disk access unit.
- the transfer control unit 18 performs the replacement process in units of disk access units. Conventionally, when the replacement process is performed for each sector, Then, the disk access unit will be composed of non-consecutive sectors. When recording or reading data to or from such a disk access unit, a seek operation occurs during one transfer to the disk access unit. In other words, in the past, by performing the replacement process, the transfer rate at which the data was transferred was reduced, and continuous transfer of AV data could not be guaranteed.
- the HDD 10 performs the replacement processing by the sector as described in the background art. For this reason, the sectors that make up the disk access unit may not be continuous because the HDD 10 has been replaced. That is, a case where a seek operation occurs while data is being recorded or read from the disk access unit may occur.
- the transfer control means 18 measures the time required to record or read AV data for the disk access unit. Therefore, even if up to four sectors out of the sectors constituting the disk access unit are replaced by the HDD 10, for example, the time required for recording or reading the disk access unit is within a predetermined time. Suppose. When five sectors are replaced by the HDD 10 in sector units, it is assumed that the time required for recording or reading data to or from the disk access unit exceeds a predetermined time. In such a case, the transfer control means 18 does not increment the error counter 83 when the four sectors have been subjected to the replacement processing, but only when the five sectors have been subjected to the replacement processing. The transfer control means 18 increases the error counter of the disk access unit when performing recording or reading.
- the transfer control means 18 performs a replacement process for each disk access unit.
- the sectors that make up the disk access unit do not necessarily need to be completely contiguous, and some degree of discontinuity in the sectors, such as the four above, can be tolerated.
- an area in which the number of defective sectors is equal to or less than a predetermined number, for example, 3 or less, can be used.
- the seek operation since the replacement processing is performed in units of disk access units, the seek operation does not increase due to the replacement processing. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the time-consuming LBA reassignment process as described in the related art.
- the D AU management table 80 and the D AU conversion tape holder 84 are provided in the buffer RAM 9, and the transfer control means 18 performs the replacement process for each disk access unit.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a memory is provided inside the HDD 10 and the D AU management table 80 and the D AU conversion table 84 are stored in this memory, and the HDD 10 is replaced in units of disk access units. Processing may be performed.
- the D AU management table 80 and the D AU conversion table 84 are stored in the buffer RAM I 9 and at some point Data is recorded on the magnetic disk 23 of DD 10.
- the D AU management table 80 and the D AU conversion table 84 are used to manage the disk access unit, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the head LBA can also be calculated from the disk access unit according to the rules for which LBA the disk access unit corresponds to.
- An example of such a rule is that if LBAs with smaller values are assigned in ascending order of disk access unit number, the size of the disk access unit is fixed, so that it is easy to use.
- the first LBA of the disk access unit can be calculated by calculation.
- a configuration that does not use both the D AU management table 80 and the D AU conversion table may be used. In this case, in the table for associating LBAs with physical addresses shown in Fig. 11, the physical address of the sectors that make up the disk access unit is changed to a continuous replacement sector, thereby performing the replacement process in units of disk access units. I do.
- an area including a predetermined number or less of defective sectors may be replaced as a disk access unit for replacement processing.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an area that does not include any defective sectors may be allocated.
- the disk access unit is counted in units of disk access
- a predetermined value such as 5, 15 or 20 times
- a program for causing a computer to execute all or a part of the functions of all or part of the hard disk device of the present invention and a medium carrying Z or data, which can be processed by the computer is also belongs to the present invention.
- the present invention also includes an information aggregate characterized by being a program and / or data for causing a computer to execute all or a part of the functions of all or part of the hard disk device of the present invention. Belong.
- the data of the present invention includes a data structure, a data format, a type of data, and the like.
- the medium of the present invention includes a recording medium such as a ROM, a transmission medium such as the Internet, and a transmission medium such as light, radio waves, and sound waves.
- the medium carried by the present invention includes, for example, a recording medium on which a program and Z or data are recorded, a transmission medium for transmitting the program and Z or data, and the like.
- the term "processable by the computer of the present invention” means that the program can be read by a computer in the case of a recording medium such as a ROM, and the program to be transmitted in the case of a transmission medium.
- a program for causing a computer to execute all or a part of the functions of all or a part of the hard disk device of the above-described embodiment and a program recording medium on which Z or data is recorded can be read by a computer.
- the read program and Z or data may be a program recording medium that executes the function in cooperation with the computer.
- the information aggregate of the present invention includes, for example, programs and software such as Z or data.
- the present invention can provide a hard disk drive and a program recording medium with no waste in transfer time. Further, the present invention can provide a hard disk device, a medium, and an information aggregate in which even if the recording or reading operation of the AV data is delayed, the delay is recovered and the AV data is not lost.
- the present invention can provide a hard disk device, a medium, and an information aggregate that can guarantee a certain transfer rate or more in recording and reading even when a replacement process is performed when a defective area is managed.
- the present invention can provide a hard disk device, a medium, and an information aggregate that do not require reassignment of LBA when managing a defective area.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020027012765A KR20020090223A (ko) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-26 | 하드디스크장치, 매체 및 정보집합체 |
US10/240,181 US7321721B2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-26 | Hard disk apparatus, medium, and collection of information |
EP01915774A EP1271513A4 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-26 | HARD DISK DEVICE, MEDIUM AND COLLECTION OF INFORMATION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000089690A JP2001273723A (ja) | 2000-03-28 | 2000-03-28 | ハードディスク装置、媒体及び情報集合体 |
JP2000/89690 | 2000-03-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001078076A1 true WO2001078076A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
WO2001078076A8 WO2001078076A8 (fr) | 2003-07-31 |
Family
ID=18605413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/002404 WO2001078076A1 (fr) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-26 | Systeme pour disques durs, support et collecte d'informations |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7321721B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1271513A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2001273723A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20020090223A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1266700C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001078076A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040022526A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
US7321721B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 |
WO2001078076A8 (fr) | 2003-07-31 |
JP2001273723A (ja) | 2001-10-05 |
CN1266700C (zh) | 2006-07-26 |
KR20020090223A (ko) | 2002-11-30 |
EP1271513A4 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
EP1271513A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
CN1430781A (zh) | 2003-07-16 |
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