WO2001094450A2 - Polymer membrane composition - Google Patents
Polymer membrane composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001094450A2 WO2001094450A2 PCT/US2001/017675 US0117675W WO0194450A2 WO 2001094450 A2 WO2001094450 A2 WO 2001094450A2 US 0117675 W US0117675 W US 0117675W WO 0194450 A2 WO0194450 A2 WO 0194450A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- membrane
- elastomeric
- subunits
- acrylonitrile
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1044—Mixtures of polymers, of which at least one is ionically conductive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/103—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having nitrogen, e.g. sulfonated polybenzimidazoles [S-PBI], polybenzimidazoles with phosphoric acid, sulfonated polyamides [S-PA] or sulfonated polyphosphazenes [S-PPh]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2381/02—Polythioethers; Polythioether-ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2431/00—Characterised by the use of copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, or carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid
- C08J2431/02—Characterised by the use of omopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08J2431/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- Perfluorinated hydrocarbon sulfonate ionomer membranes cannot be operated over a prolonged period of time at temperatures higher than 85°C without showing decomposition and performance degradation. As such, they cannot be used in hydrogen/air fuel cells at 120°C or higher as required to minimize poisoning of the anode catalyst by carbon monoxide which is present when reformate hydrogen gas is used.
- Perfluorinated hydrocarbon sulfonate ionomer membranes have also been shown to have high permeability to liquid methanol. Therefore, liquid feed direct methanol polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on Nafion® or similar perfluorinated hydrocarbon sulfonate ionomer membranes have poor efficiency and low power densities.
- compositions comprising at least first and second polymers and optionally a third polymer wherein acid subunits, basic subunits and elastomeric subunits are contained in the polymers.
- the acidic polymer of the polymer membrane preferably comprises subunits containing sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or carboxylic acid groups.
- Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK) is the preferred acidic polymer.
- the basic polymer of the polymer electrolyte membrane preferably comprises subunits containing aromatic amine, aliphatic amine or heterocyclic nitrogen.
- Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is an example of a basic polymer.
- Polyvinylimidazole (PNI) is a preferred basic polymer.
- the elastomeric polymer is preferably polyacrylonitrile (PAN).
- one polymer is an acidic polymer; preferably sPEEK while the second polymer is an elastomeric copolymer, preferably of vinylimidazole and acrylonitrile.
- Figure 2 is a cross section of a membrane electrode assembly (without electrodes) which includes the membrane of the invention, the first and second catalyst layers and generally at least one water and gas permeable layer on the cathodic side to provide for the transport of air to and water from the cathode catalyst layer.
- a carbon paper or carbon cloth is used for such purposes.
- a carbon backing is preferably provided on the anode catalyst layer to protect the catalyst layer from damage from the electrodes. Since the backings generally contain conductive material such as carbon, the electrodes can be placed directly on the backing to complete the membrane electrode assembly.
- Figure 4 shows the thermal stability of a membrane comprising 81.5% sPEEK, 15.5% PBI and 3% PAN. As can be seen, the membrane maintains its mass well above 300°C.
- Figure 5 shows the transport of methanol as a function of time across the prior art Nafion® membrane (7 mils thick) as compared to a membrane (5 mils thick) comprising 75% sPEEK, 20% PBI and 5% PAN.
- Figure 6 shows the performance of a PEM fuel cell containing the membrane comprising a 75% sPEEK, 20% PBI and 5% PAN. Performance was measured by using hydrogen and air.
- Anode and cathode catalysts was 1 m-g/cm 2 Pt/carbon with Nafion ioniomer at 1.5 mg/cm 2 for the anode and lmg/cm 2 for the cathode.
- the fuel cell was run at 80°C, 120°C and 140°C.
- the current density and cell membrane was as follows:
- polymers with carboxylic acid groups include polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, any of their copolymers including copolymers with vinylimidazole or acrylonitrile, and so on.
- the polymers may be partially or fully fluorinated.
- Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is a preferred basic polymer.
- Polyvinylimidazole (PNI) is a particularly preferred basic polymer.
- an "elastomeric polymer” refers to a polymeric backbone which contains one or more elastomeric subunits.
- the backbone contains carbon alone or in combination with oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine or sulfur.
- Particularly preferred embodiments include aliphatic backbones although aromatic polymer backbones may also be used.
- an elastomeric polymer comprises elastomeric subunits which preferably contain elastomeric groups such as nitrile, vinylidene fluoride, siloxane and phosphazene groups.
- elastomeric polymers include polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile copolymers, polyvinyilidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride copolymers, polysiloxanes, siloxane copolymers and polyphosphazenes, such as ⁇ oly(trifluormethylethoxy)phosphazene.
- This example discloses a binary blend membrane comprised of 78% sulfonated PEEK and 22%o of an elastomeric copolymer comprised of vinyl imidazole and acrylonitrile in a 4: 1 molar ratio.
- SPEEK was vacuum dried for two hours at 100°C in a tared vessel before obtaining a dry weight of 1.464g.
- lOg of DMAC was added to this was added 2g of a 30%) aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in water.
- Binary blend membranes were made as in example 14 except that the elastomeric copolymer contained a 2:1 molar ratio of vinyl imidazole to acrylonitrile monomeric species. Conductivity results for these membranes are shown in Table 6.
- Binary blend membranes were made as in example 14 except that the elastomeric copolymer contained a 9: 1 molar ratio of vinyl imidazole to acrylonitrile monomeric species. Conductivity results for these membranes are shown in Table 7. Table 7
- Copolymer 9:1 molar ratio vinyl imidazole-acrylonitrile
- This example demonstrates a membrane consisting of 82 % sulfonated PEEK and 18 % poly(vinylimidazole) in a binary composition.
- PNI is preferred to PBI in that it is a cheaper material to manufacture is more readily available.
- PNI unlike PBI, is not liquid crystalline. This liquid crystallinity characteristic of PBI makes membranes containing PBI more difficult to process and leads to inconsistent properties upon trying to reproduce results.
- Example 16 This example demonstrates a ternary blend membrane which is 97% sPEEK and PNI in a ratio 84-16 and 3% PAN.
- a ternary blend membrane which is 97% sPEEK and PNI in a ratio 84-16 and 3% PAN.
- To 14.9 g of a 7.9 % solution of sulfonated PEEK in DMAC was added an additional 3 g of DMAC, 0.672g of a 6.25 % solution of PAN in DMAC, 20 drops of a 30 %> solution of ammonium hydroxide in water, and 3.2 g of a 7% solution of PNI in DMAC.
- the solution was stirred overnight and cast in a 5" x 5" frame on a glass plate and allowed to dry at room temperature for three days.
- the resultant membrane was dried at 60°C for 2 hours and treated in IM sulfuric acid overnight.
- the resultant membrane was homogeneous and demonstrated stability in water.
- Table 9 demonstrates conductivity
- Table 10 demonstrates the conductivity of this membrane and other compositions. All these membranes demonstrated superior mechanical strength in water and reduced brittleness in the dry state than did any of the membranes in Example 18, which were not made by selection of a sulfonated PEEK of a degree of sulfonation of less than 100%o.
- Table 11 shows the performance of PF2-55-3 (the 97(88/12)-3 formulation) in operation in an active direct methanol fuel cell. Figure 7 demonstrates its performance using 4M methanol. Table 10
- Example 18 ternary blend membranes were made using 91% of sulfonated PEEK and PNI in a 90-10 weight ratio and 9%> of a copolymer of acrylonitrle and vinyl imidazole (9: 1 molar ratio).
- 0.9g sulfonated PEEK was dissolved in 15.8g DMAC.
- 30 drops of a 30 %> solution of ammonium hydroxide in water lg of a 10 % solution of the copolymer in DMAC and 1.55 g of a 6.45% solution of PNI in DMAC.
- the solution was stirred overnight and cast in a 5" x 5" frame on a glass plate and allowed to dry at room temperature for three days.
- the resultant membrane was dried at 60°C for 2 hours and treated in 1.5M sulfuric acid overnight.
- the resultant membrane was homogeneous and demonstrated stability in water.
- Table 12 demonstrates conductivity of this composition and other compositions. Table 12
- l.Olg of sulfonated PEEK was dissolved in 23g of DMAC. To this was added 1.18g of a 5.771% solution of the copolymer in DMAC, 1.5 g of a 30% solution of ammonium hydroxide in water, and 1.72g of a 10.390%> solution of PNI inDMAC.
- the mixture was stirred overnight and cast into a 5"x 5" frame on a glass slide, allowed to dry at room temperature for 2 days, and dried at 60°C for two hours.
- the membrane was treated with 1.5M sulfuric acid overnight and then rinsed with deionized water. The resultant membrane was stable in water.
- the conductivity of several formulation is detailed in Table 13.
- SPEEK was prepared according to two different methods: (1) sulfonation with chlorsulfonic acid followed by hydrolysis (as described in the literature), and (2) sulfonation with sulfuric acid in the presence of phosphorous pentoxide. Method 2 is described as follows.
- 30% fuming sulfuricacid (1.3 Kg) was added to a mixture of 96% sulfuric acid (2.22 Kg) stirring at 5°C over twenty minutes. The mixture was further stirred for 30 minutes and checked for excess of SO3, before adding phosphorous pentoxide (200g). After an additional hour, PEEK (346g) was added to the mixture over five hours under argon maintaining the temperature at 5°C. The mixture was warmed to 11°C over three hours and stirred for additional 10 hours. The solution was poured into a mixture of ice/concentrated HCl (3 : 1) over twenty-five minutes while stirring. The solid was filtered, washed with ice/cone.
- the crude sPEEK was dissolved in hot water (9kg) and dialyzed in deionized water. The dialyzed aqueous solution was freeze dried and sPEEK (427g) was isolated.
- the polymer was analyzed by elemental analysis ( %S 8.77, %C 61.36, % H 3.28). The elemental analysis data indicate that the polymer was 100% sulfonated.
- Polybenzimidazole (25.15) and lithium chloride (l.OOg) were placed in a 500-mL 3-neck flask and dried at 0.01 mmHg at 185-200°C sand bath for two days. Then the contents of the flask were contacted with argon and allowed to reach room temperature.
- the flask was fitted with a condenser and mechanical stirrer. N-methylpyrrolidone (250 - 275 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred and reheated to 185-200°C for two days. The reaction was cooled down at room temperature and lithium hydride (455g) was added. The mixture was stirred 24 hours at 60°C to give a blueish solution. The solution was cooled to ⁇ 40°C and the ethyliodide (8.95g dissolved in 10 mL NMP) was added dropwise. Immediate reaction takes place upon addition of the ethyl iodide. After the ethyl iodide addition was completed, the reaction was heated at 58°C for 24 hours.
- the reaction was worked up by pouring the solution into 1.5 L of water under stirring (residual undissolved solid material was separated before pouring in water).
- the solid precipitate was isolated by decanting the water, and it was soaked in water overnight.
- the solid was ground in a blender with 500mL of water and collected in Buchner funnel.
- the solid was stirred for four hours in 1.5L of water, collected by filtration, stirred overnight in 1.5L of water, collected by filtration, stirred four hours in acetone and soaked overnight in acetone.
- the solid was collected by filtration and dried at 100°C at ⁇ 10 mmHg.
- the degree of ethylation of the final product was estimated to be ⁇ 30% by ⁇ NMR.
- Sulfonated polyetheretherketone (0.77g) was dissolved in 15g of dimethylacetamide (DMAC). To this solution, 30% ammonium hydroxide (1.5g) was added. A solution of polyacrylonitrile in DMAC was added (addition corresponds to 0.05g of PAN), followed by an addition of 30% ethylated polybenzimidazole (E-PBI) (0.18g). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The resulting: solution was cast onto a silanized glass frame (size 5"x5"). The membrane was dried at 60°C overnight, then vacuum dried at 80°C for 8 hours. The resulting membrane was soaked in IM H 2 SO 4 at room temperature overnight.
- DMAC dimethylacetamide
- E-PBI 30% ethylated polybenzimidazole
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01939798T ATE478913T1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | POLYMER MEMBRANE COMPOSITION |
EP01939798A EP1290068B1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer membrane composition |
DE60142897T DE60142897D1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | POLYMER MEMBRANE COMPOSITION |
CA002415614A CA2415614A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer membrane composition |
AU2001265278A AU2001265278A1 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer Membrane Composition |
IL15312101A IL153121A0 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer composition |
JP2002501997A JP2003535940A (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer composition |
NO20025701A NO20025701L (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2002-11-27 | Polymer Composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US20874600P | 2000-06-02 | 2000-06-02 | |
US60/208,746 | 2000-06-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001094450A2 true WO2001094450A2 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
WO2001094450A3 WO2001094450A3 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
Family
ID=22775879
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/017675 WO2001094450A2 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2001-06-01 | Polymer membrane composition |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7052805B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1290068B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003535940A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1439032A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE478913T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001265278A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2415614A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60142897D1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL153121A0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20025701L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001094450A2 (en) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003022412A2 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-20 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and the use of the same |
EP1383194A2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-21 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte and method for producing the same |
WO2004015803A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-19 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising a polymer with sulphonic acid groups and use thereof in fuel cells |
EP1396898A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-03-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte comprising polybenzimidazole and method for producing the same |
EP1487041A1 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2004-12-15 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Electrolyte film and solid polymer fuel cell using the same |
WO2004034500A3 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-05-12 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane containing polyazole blends, and application thereof in fuel cells |
JP2005149949A (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-09 | Jsr Corp | Acid-base composite type polyelectrolyte film |
JP2005530310A (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2005-10-06 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | Additives for direct methanol fuel cells |
EP1693917A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Polymer Electrolyte Medium and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
US7366818B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2008-04-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Integrated circuit comprising a plurality of processing modules and a network and method for exchanging data using same |
US7445864B2 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2008-11-04 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Functionalized polyazoles, method for the production thereof, and use thereof |
US7534515B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2009-05-19 | Polyfuel, Inc. | Acid-base proton conducting polymer blend membrane |
US7625652B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2009-12-01 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Multilayer electrolyte membrane |
US7691513B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2010-04-06 | Panasonic Corporation | Proton conductor, electrolyte membrane, electrode and fuel cell |
US7736778B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-06-15 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton conducting polymer membrane comprising phosphonic acid groups containing polyazoles and the use thereof in fuel cells |
US7745030B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-06-29 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising sulfonic acid-containing polyazoles, and use thereof in fuel cells |
US7795372B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2010-09-14 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Polymer film based on polyazoles, and uses thereof |
US7820314B2 (en) | 2003-07-27 | 2010-10-26 | Basf Fuel Cell Research Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and use thereof |
US7846983B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2010-12-07 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton conducting electrolyte membrane for use in high temperatures and the use thereof in fuel cells |
US7846982B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2010-12-07 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton conducting electrolyte membrane having reduced methanol permeability and the use thereof in fuel cells |
US7868051B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2011-01-11 | Tokuyama Corporation | Separation membrane for fuel battery and process for producing the same |
US7901817B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2011-03-08 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | System for flexible in situ control of water in fuel cells |
US8119305B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2012-02-21 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical cells |
US8158300B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2012-04-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Permselective composite membrane for electrochemical cells |
US8163429B2 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2012-04-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | High efficiency fuel cell system |
US8551667B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2013-10-08 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Hydrogel barrier for fuel cells |
US8783304B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2014-07-22 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Liquid containers and apparatus for use with power producing devices |
US9065095B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2015-06-23 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing power density of direct liquid fuel cells |
FR3113676A1 (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-04 | Cdp Innovation | POLYMERS CONTAINING REPEATING UNITS WITH SEVERAL METALLIC OR ORGANIC SULPHONATE PATTERNS, THEIR PREPARATION METHODS AND THEIR USES |
Families Citing this family (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2002223439A1 (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-29 | Intech Thuringen Gmbh | Fuel cell |
JP5021864B2 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2012-09-12 | パナソニック株式会社 | Membrane / electrode assembly for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
JP4672165B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2011-04-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
EP1474839B1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2010-04-07 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Polymer electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells |
US6902839B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2005-06-07 | Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology | Polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell and method for producing the same |
WO2003102050A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-11 | Parallel Solutions, Inc. | Sulfonated polyphosphazenes, uses thereof, and methods for preparing same |
US20040175625A1 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-09-09 | Lotfi Hedhli | Non-perfluorinated resins containing ionic or ionizable groups and products containing the same |
DE112004001057B4 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2014-06-05 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp. | High strength polymer electrolyte membrane, process for its preparation and use |
US20060204813A1 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-09-14 | Takuro Hirakimoto | Ionic conductor, method of manufacturing the same, and electrochemical device |
WO2005082024A2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-09 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Fuel cell apparatus and method of fabrication |
WO2005090480A1 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc. | Solid polyelectrolyte, solid-polymer gel film, solid polyelectrolyte film, and fuel cell |
JP4995568B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社カネカ | POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE, POLYMER FILM AS ITS MATERIAL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE, AND SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL USING ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE |
JP4996823B2 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2012-08-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Fuel cell electrode and fuel cell using the same |
TW200640061A (en) * | 2005-01-04 | 2006-11-16 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Phase separation type polymer electrolyte film, electrode/phase separation type polymer electrolyte film assembly employing the same, processes for producing the same, and fuel cell employing the same |
US20070012244A1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-18 | Cymbet Corporation | Apparatus and method for making thin-film batteries with soft and hard electrolyte layers |
KR101387855B1 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2014-04-22 | 사임베트 코퍼레이션 | Thin-film batteries with soft and hard electrolyte layers and method |
US7776478B2 (en) * | 2005-07-15 | 2010-08-17 | Cymbet Corporation | Thin-film batteries with polymer and LiPON electrolyte layers and method |
US20070031716A1 (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-02-08 | Rajendran Raj G | Process for making cation exchange membranes with reduced methanol permeability |
US20070065700A1 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-22 | Sri International | High temperature polymer electrolyte membranes |
US8288025B2 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2012-10-16 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | High performance polymeric blend membrane materials based on N-heterocycles and acid-base interactions |
JP4586794B2 (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2010-11-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Solid polymer electrolyte, production method thereof, and membrane / electrode assembly for fuel cell using the same |
JP5264068B2 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2013-08-14 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | Proton conducting polymer electrolyte and fuel cell |
JP2010165459A (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2010-07-29 | Tokuyama Corp | Separation membrane for fuel cell and method for manufacturing the same |
US7981319B2 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2011-07-19 | Los Alamos National Security, Llc | Non-aqueous liquid compositions comprising ion exchange polymers |
US9111686B2 (en) | 2011-02-16 | 2015-08-18 | Taiwan Textile Research Institute | Flexible supercapacitor and preparation method thereof |
US11527774B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2022-12-13 | Space Charge, LLC | Electrochemical energy storage devices |
US9853325B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-12-26 | Space Charge, LLC | Rugged, gel-free, lithium-free, high energy density solid-state electrochemical energy storage devices |
US10601074B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2020-03-24 | Space Charge, LLC | Rugged, gel-free, lithium-free, high energy density solid-state electrochemical energy storage devices |
CN103259041A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-21 | 财团法人纺织产业综合研究所 | Speek solid electrolyte and method for manufacturing the same |
WO2013172330A1 (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2013-11-21 | 東レ株式会社 | Semi-permeable membrane and method for manufacturing same, and concentration-difference power-generating method using semi-permeable membrane |
US8691413B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2014-04-08 | Sun Catalytix Corporation | Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics |
US10164284B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2018-12-25 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics |
US9899694B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2018-02-20 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring high open circuit potential |
US9559374B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-01-31 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring large negative half-cell potentials |
US8753761B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2014-06-17 | Sun Catalytix Corporation | Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds |
US9768463B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-09-19 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising metal ligand coordination compounds |
US9692077B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2017-06-27 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Aqueous redox flow batteries comprising matched ionomer membranes |
US9865893B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2018-01-09 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Electrochemical energy storage systems and methods featuring optimal membrane systems |
US9382274B2 (en) | 2012-07-27 | 2016-07-05 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Aqueous redox flow batteries featuring improved cell design characteristics |
US10782261B2 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2020-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Apparatus for sensing environmental humidity changes |
CN106457152B (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2020-06-26 | 核心能源回收解决方案公司 | Blended membranes for water vapor transport and methods for making the same |
KR101637711B1 (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-07-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A process for separating an electrode in membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells and apparatus using it |
EP3224266B1 (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2021-03-03 | Lockheed Martin Energy, LLC | Metal complexes of substituted catecholates and redox flow batteries containing the same |
FR3030533B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-05-12 | Cdp Innovation | NOVEL POLYMERS CONTAINING METAL SULFONATE FUNCTIONS, PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM AND USES THEREOF AS ANTIBACTERIAL, FUNGICIDAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL |
FR3030534B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-12-30 | Cdp Innovation | NOVEL POLYMERS CONTAINING METAL SULFONATED FUNCTIONS, PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM AND USES THEREOF AS CATALYSTS |
US10253051B2 (en) | 2015-03-16 | 2019-04-09 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Preparation of titanium catecholate complexes in aqueous solution using titanium tetrachloride or titanium oxychloride |
US10707526B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
CN105131276B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2017-04-12 | 天津师范大学 | Random polymers having skeleton containing ammonium and sulfonate zwitterionic groups and preparation method thereof |
US10316047B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2019-06-11 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Processes for forming coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands |
US10644342B2 (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2020-05-05 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Coordination complexes containing monosulfonated catecholate ligands and methods for producing the same |
US9938308B2 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2018-04-10 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Coordination compounds having redox non-innocent ligands and flow batteries containing the same |
JP6869552B2 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2021-05-12 | 国立大学法人東海国立大学機構 | Non-humidifying proton conductive film, its manufacturing method and fuel cell |
US10377687B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2019-08-13 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes |
US10343964B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2019-07-09 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Processes for forming titanium catechol complexes |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
US10065977B2 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2018-09-04 | Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage, Llc | Concerted processes for forming 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene from hydroquinone |
US10930937B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2021-02-23 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Flow batteries incorporating active materials containing doubly bridged aromatic groups |
US10497958B2 (en) | 2016-12-14 | 2019-12-03 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Coordinatively unsaturated titanium catecholate complexes and processes associated therewith |
US10741864B2 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2020-08-11 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Aqueous methods for forming titanium catecholate complexes and associated compositions |
US10320023B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2019-06-11 | Lockheed Martin Energy, Llc | Neat methods for forming titanium catecholate complexes and associated compositions |
EP3762989A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 | 2021-12-15 | Space Charge, LLC | Thin-film solid-state energy-storage devices |
CN112798669B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-04-22 | 浙江大学 | Can be at S2-Metal iridium oxide electrode for quantitatively detecting pH value under environment and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0337626A1 (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1989-10-18 | Pci Membrane Systems Limited | Membranes |
WO1999054407A2 (en) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-28 | Universität Stuttgart | Engineering ionomeric blends and engineering ionomeric blend membranes |
WO1999054389A1 (en) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-28 | Universität Stuttgart | Acid-base polymer blends and their use in membrane processes |
Family Cites Families (154)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US91225A (en) * | 1869-06-15 | gibson | ||
DE1255231B (en) | 1956-12-08 | 1967-11-30 | Bayer Ag | Method of filling leather |
US3113049A (en) | 1961-01-03 | 1963-12-03 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Direct production of electrical energy from liquid fuels |
US3368922A (en) * | 1962-10-26 | 1968-02-13 | Monsanto Res Corp | Polyelectrolyte membrane comprising a copolymer including acrylonitrile and fuel cell with same |
JPS54154048A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Disolving fuel battery |
JPS551818A (en) | 1978-06-19 | 1980-01-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrode catalyst |
US4192907A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-03-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrochemical cell electrodes incorporating noble metal-base metal alloy catalysts |
US4417969A (en) | 1980-06-11 | 1983-11-29 | The Dow Chemical Co. | Sulfonic acid electrolytic cell membranes |
US4316944A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1982-02-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Noble metal-chromium alloy catalysts and electrochemical cell |
US4373014A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1983-02-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Process using noble metal-chromium alloy catalysts in an electrochemical cell |
JPS5768142A (en) | 1980-10-14 | 1982-04-26 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and its production |
US4456521A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1984-06-26 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Three layer laminate |
JPS57138782A (en) | 1981-02-20 | 1982-08-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
JPS57168473A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1982-10-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Electrode for fuel cell |
US4390603A (en) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-06-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Methanol fuel cell |
US4612261A (en) | 1981-08-21 | 1986-09-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel cell battery using acidic electrolyte |
US4420544A (en) | 1981-10-02 | 1983-12-13 | California Institute Of Technology | High performance methanol-oxygen fuel cell with hollow fiber electrode |
US4395322A (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1983-07-26 | General Electric Company | Catalytic electrode |
JPS58131667A (en) | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
US4413041A (en) | 1982-02-02 | 1983-11-01 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Cross-flow monolith reactor |
US4643806A (en) * | 1982-02-02 | 1987-02-17 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Electrocatalytic energy conversion and chemicals production |
JPS58165266A (en) | 1982-03-26 | 1983-09-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell |
US4476002A (en) | 1982-06-29 | 1984-10-09 | Union Carbide Corporation | Metal current carrier for electrochemical cell electrodes |
JPS5923473A (en) | 1982-07-30 | 1984-02-06 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel cell, electrolyte structure for fuel cell and electrolyte composite for fuel cell |
US4447506A (en) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-05-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum, cobalt and chromium |
US4481266A (en) | 1983-03-25 | 1984-11-06 | Littauer Ernest L | Reactive metal battery having continuous supply of cathode reactant |
US4524113A (en) * | 1983-07-05 | 1985-06-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct use of methanol fuel in a molten carbonate fuel cell |
JPS6062064A (en) | 1983-09-14 | 1985-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Liquid fuel cell |
NL8400127A (en) * | 1984-01-14 | 1985-08-01 | Electrochem Energieconversie | FUEL CELL. |
US4673624A (en) * | 1984-02-08 | 1987-06-16 | Hockaday Robert G | Fuel cell |
CA1244873A (en) | 1984-04-02 | 1988-11-15 | Hiroshi Kajiyama | Fuel cell electrode, process for producing the same and fuel cell using the same |
US5079107A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1992-01-07 | Giner, Inc. | Cathode alloy electrocatalysts |
US4602987A (en) | 1984-09-24 | 1986-07-29 | Aquanautics Corporation | System for the extraction and utilization of oxygen from fluids |
EP0181569B1 (en) | 1984-10-31 | 1991-05-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Liquid fuel cell |
US4614837A (en) | 1985-04-03 | 1986-09-30 | Allied Corporation | Method for placing electrically conductive paths on a substrate |
US4670359A (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1987-06-02 | Engelhard Corporation | Fuel cell integrated with steam reformer |
US4647359A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-03-03 | Prototech Company | Electrocatalytic gas diffusion electrode employing thin carbon cloth layer |
JPS62163746A (en) | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-20 | Nippon Engeruharudo Kk | Platinum alloy electrode catalyst and electrode for acidic electrolyte fuel cell using same |
JP2511866B2 (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1996-07-03 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Fuel cell power generation system and method of starting the same |
JPH07118329B2 (en) | 1986-04-07 | 1995-12-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Reforming catalyst for molten carbonate fuel cell |
US4755272A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-07-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Bipolar electrochemical cell having novel means for electrically connecting anode and cathode of adjacent cell units |
JPS62269751A (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1987-11-24 | Nippon Engeruharudo Kk | Platinum-copper alloy electrode catalyst and electrode for acidic electrolyte fuel cell using said catalyst |
DE3618840A1 (en) * | 1986-06-04 | 1987-12-10 | Basf Ag | METHANOL / AIR FUEL CELLS |
US4855193A (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1989-08-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Bipolar fuel cell |
US4702973A (en) | 1986-08-25 | 1987-10-27 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Dual compartment anode structure |
DE3640209A1 (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | Basf Ag | METHANOL / AIR FUEL CELL BATTERIES WITH POLYMERIC ELECTROLYTE HIGH ENERGY AND PERFORMANCE DENSITY AND TUBULAR ARRANGEMENT |
DE3640206A1 (en) | 1986-11-25 | 1988-06-01 | Basf Ag | METHANOL / AIR FUEL CELL BATTERIES WITH HIGH ENERGY AND PERFORMANCE DENSITY |
US4876115A (en) | 1987-01-30 | 1989-10-24 | United States Department Of Energy | Electrode assembly for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US4761349A (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1988-08-02 | University Of Chicago | Solid oxide fuel cell with monolithic core |
US4808493A (en) * | 1987-06-16 | 1989-02-28 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Fuel cell, a fuel cell electrode, and a method for making a fuel cell electrode |
GB8724543D0 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1987-11-25 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Demonstrating & studying operation of fuel cell |
US4865925A (en) | 1987-12-14 | 1989-09-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Gas permeable electrode for electrochemical system |
US4865906A (en) | 1988-01-22 | 1989-09-12 | Smith Novis W Jr | Flame retardant yard blend |
JPH01210035A (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1989-08-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Platinum catalyst and its manufacture method |
US4937220A (en) * | 1988-08-08 | 1990-06-26 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method to retard catalyst recrystallization |
JPH0697614B2 (en) | 1988-08-26 | 1994-11-30 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | Supported platinum alloy electrocatalyst |
US5019463A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-05-28 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system |
EP0378812A1 (en) * | 1989-01-18 | 1990-07-25 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Arrangement of fuel cells based on a solid electrolyte operating at a high temperature, consisting of zirconium oxide, to obtain maximum possible power |
JPH0697615B2 (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1994-11-30 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | Platinum alloy electrode catalyst |
US5271917A (en) | 1989-09-15 | 1993-12-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Activation of carbon fiber surfaces by means of catalytic oxidation |
US5061581A (en) | 1990-02-07 | 1991-10-29 | Sri International | Novel solid polymer electrolytes |
US5102751A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1992-04-07 | Sri International | Plasticizers useful for enhancing ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes |
US5234772A (en) | 1990-02-13 | 1993-08-10 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Dielectric multilayer, filter, manufacturing method therefor, and optical element incorporating the same |
US5035962A (en) | 1990-03-21 | 1991-07-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Layered method of electrode for solid oxide electrochemical cells |
US5068161A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-11-26 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Catalyst material |
US5094928A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1992-03-10 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Modular fuel cell assembly |
US4988582A (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-01-29 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Compact fuel cell and continuous process for making the cell |
EP0535138B1 (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1995-03-01 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Method for making alloyed catalysts |
US5084144A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-01-28 | Physical Sciences Inc. | High utilization supported catalytic metal-containing gas-diffusion electrode, process for making it, and cells utilizing it |
JP2909166B2 (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1999-06-23 | エヌ・イーケムキヤツト株式会社 | Supported platinum quaternary alloy electrode catalyst |
US5132193A (en) | 1990-08-08 | 1992-07-21 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Generation of electricity with fuel cell using alcohol fuel |
DE4027655C1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1991-10-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V., 8000 Muenchen, De | |
JPH04141233A (en) * | 1990-09-29 | 1992-05-14 | Stonehard Assoc Inc | Electrode catalyst |
JPH04162365A (en) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-06-05 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Method for preparing electrode of fuel cell |
US5102750A (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-04-07 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Efficiency enhancement for solid-electrolyte fuel cell |
US5314760A (en) * | 1991-01-09 | 1994-05-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrochemical cell electrode |
US5171644A (en) | 1991-01-09 | 1992-12-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrochemical cell electrode |
US5183713A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1993-02-02 | International Fuel Cells Corporation | Carbon monoxide tolerant platinum-tantalum alloyed catalyst |
US5219679A (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1993-06-15 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Solid electrolytes |
JP3107229B2 (en) | 1991-02-14 | 2000-11-06 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Diaphragm humidification structure of solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell and electrolytic cell |
US5234777A (en) | 1991-02-19 | 1993-08-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Membrane catalyst layer for fuel cells |
JPH05208135A (en) | 1991-02-23 | 1993-08-20 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Electrode catalyst for negative electrode |
US5252410A (en) | 1991-09-13 | 1993-10-12 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Lightweight fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with integral reactant flow passages |
US5284718A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1994-02-08 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Fuel cell membrane electrode and seal assembly |
JPH05144444A (en) | 1991-11-25 | 1993-06-11 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel cell and electrode manufacturing method |
ES2090854T3 (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1996-10-16 | Air Prod & Chem | PROCEDURE TO PRODUCE METHANOL IN LIQUID PHASE WITH RICH IN CO. |
KR100196094B1 (en) * | 1992-03-11 | 1999-06-15 | 사토 히로시 | Oxygen generating electrode |
DE4208057C2 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-12-23 | Deutsche Aerospace | Cell structure for electrolysers and fuel cells |
US5364711A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1994-11-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fuel cell |
US5378508A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1995-01-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Laser direct writing |
US5189005A (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-02-23 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. | Electrocatalyst and process of preparing same |
US5314762A (en) * | 1992-05-12 | 1994-05-24 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Portable power source |
SG73410A1 (en) * | 1992-06-13 | 2000-06-20 | Hoechst Ag | Polymer electrolyte membrane and process for the production thereof |
US5298343A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-03-29 | Ecole Polytechnique De Montreal | Electrocatalysts for H2 /O2 fuel cells cathode |
GB9213124D0 (en) * | 1992-06-20 | 1992-08-05 | Johnson Matthey Plc | High performance electrode |
JP3271801B2 (en) | 1992-09-22 | 2002-04-08 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Polymer solid electrolyte fuel cell, humidifying method of the fuel cell, and manufacturing method |
EP0604882B1 (en) * | 1992-12-30 | 1998-08-26 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Semipermeable membranes made of homogeneous mixable polymeric alloys |
US5312895A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-05-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Benzobisazole copolymer system soluble in aprotic solvents |
US5312876A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1994-05-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Water soluble rigid-rod polymer |
US5403675A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1995-04-04 | Maxdem, Incorporated | Sulfonated polymers for solid polymer electrolytes |
US5330860A (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1994-07-19 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membrane and electrode structure |
US5635039A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1997-06-03 | Lynntech, Inc. | Membrane with internal passages to permit fluid flow and an electrochemical cell containing the same |
US5367051A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-11-22 | Sri International | Amine-containing polymerizable monomers and polymers functionalized with fullerenes to provide polymers with high temperature stability |
US5773162A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1998-06-30 | California Institute Of Technology | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system |
US5599638A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1997-02-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Aqueous liquid feed organic fuel cell using solid polymer electrolyte membrane |
JPH07155618A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Supported metal catalyst and production thereof |
JPH07220743A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-08-18 | Kansai Electric Power Co Inc:The | Fuel cell, its bipolar plate and manufacture of bipolar plate |
US5973025A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1999-10-26 | Sri International | Aqueous ink compositions containing a binder of a neutralized acidic resin |
US5468574A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1995-11-21 | Dais Corporation | Fuel cell incorporating novel ion-conducting membrane |
DE4426973C1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-03-28 | Degussa | Method for producing a platinum alloy catalyst that can be used as a fuel cell electrode |
US5523177A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-06-04 | Giner, Inc. | Membrane-electrode assembly for a direct methanol fuel cell |
KR100389150B1 (en) * | 1994-10-20 | 2003-10-10 | 훽스트 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Metal-clad cation exchange membrane / electrode composite and its manufacturing method |
US5525436A (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1996-06-11 | Case Western Reserve University | Proton conducting polymers used as membranes |
EP0802898A1 (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1997-10-29 | Sri International | Organic liquid electrolytes and plasticizers |
US5548055A (en) * | 1995-01-13 | 1996-08-20 | Sri International | Single-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes |
DE19513292C1 (en) * | 1995-04-07 | 1996-08-22 | Siemens Ag | Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell |
US5503944A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1996-04-02 | International Fuel Cells Corp. | Water management system for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell power plants |
US5631099A (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-05-20 | Hockaday; Robert G. | Surface replica fuel cell |
US5641586A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
US5863673A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1999-01-26 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Porous electrode substrate for an electrochemical fuel cell |
US5672439A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-09-30 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in an electrochemical fuel cell |
EP0788172B1 (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 2001-12-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell for mounting on equipment |
DE19623937C1 (en) * | 1996-06-15 | 1997-12-11 | Daimler Benz Ag | Process for operating a plant for steam reforming of methanol |
US5723229A (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-03-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Portable fuel cell device including a water trap |
DE19632285A1 (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1998-02-19 | Hoechst Ag | Proton conductor with a temperature resistance in a wide range and good proton conductivities |
JP3874380B2 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2007-01-31 | エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 | Carbon-supported platinum skeleton alloy electrocatalyst with vacancy-type lattice defects |
US5858568A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1999-01-12 | Ztek Corporation | Fuel cell power supply system |
JP3859024B2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2006-12-20 | 株式会社トクヤマ | Membrane for redox flow battery |
US5759712A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-06-02 | Hockaday; Robert G. | Surface replica fuel cell for micro fuel cell electrical power pack |
US5894038A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-04-13 | The Whitaker Corporation | Direct deposition of palladium |
JP3077618B2 (en) * | 1997-03-05 | 2000-08-14 | 富士電機株式会社 | Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US5856036A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-01-05 | Illinois Institute Of Technology | Single phase ternary Pt-Ru-Os catalysts for direct oxidation fuel cells |
DE19713250C2 (en) * | 1997-03-29 | 2002-04-18 | Ballard Power Systems | Electrochemical energy converter with polymer electrolyte membrane |
IT1291603B1 (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-01-11 | De Nora Spa | GASEOUS DIFFUSION ELECTRODES FOR POLYMER DIAPHRAGM FUEL CELL |
US5916699A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-06-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Hybrid energy storage system |
US5904740A (en) * | 1997-06-03 | 1999-05-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Fuel for liquid feed fuel cells |
DE69804829T2 (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 2002-11-07 | Ballard Power Systems | ELASTIC GASKET FOR A MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL FUEL CELL, AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR |
US5916702A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-06-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | CO tolerant platinum-zinc fuel cell electrode |
JPH1180431A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-26 | Showa Denko Kk | Water-swellable elastomer composition |
US5879827A (en) * | 1997-10-10 | 1999-03-09 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making |
JPH11144745A (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-28 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Solid high molecular electrolyte type methanol fuel cell |
DE19756880A1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-07-01 | Degussa | Anode catalyst for fuel cells with polymer electrolyte membranes |
US6074773A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2000-06-13 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Impregnation of microporous electrocatalyst particles for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell |
US6071635A (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 2000-06-06 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Easily-formable fuel cell assembly fluid flow plate having conductivity and increased non-conductive material |
IL139052A0 (en) * | 1998-04-18 | 2001-11-25 | Uni Stuttgart Lehrstuhl Und I | Acid-base polymer blends and their use in membrane processes |
US6241787B1 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2001-06-05 | Sri International | Treatment of substrates to enhance the quality of printed images thereon with a mixture of a polyacid and polybase |
US6171444B1 (en) * | 1998-04-22 | 2001-01-09 | Sri International | Method and composition for the sizing of paper with a mixture of a polyacid and a polybase |
US6080501A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-06-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Fuel cell with integral fuel storage |
US6248480B1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-06-19 | Sri International | High temperature polymer electrolytes |
JP2000119473A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-25 | Tosoh Corp | Solid polyelectrolyte |
US6068941A (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-05-30 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Start up of cold fuel cell |
US6214251B1 (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2001-04-10 | Hew-Der Wu | Polymer electrolyte composition |
US6465136B1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2002-10-15 | The University Of Connecticut | Membranes, membrane electrode assemblies and fuel cells employing same, and process for preparing |
DE10010001A1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-06 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Membranes useful in fuel cells comprise a blend of sulfonated aryl polymer, aminated or nitrated polyether(ether)sulfone and plasticizer |
-
2001
- 2001-06-01 US US09/872,770 patent/US7052805B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-01 JP JP2002501997A patent/JP2003535940A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-01 CA CA002415614A patent/CA2415614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-01 EP EP01939798A patent/EP1290068B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-01 AU AU2001265278A patent/AU2001265278A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-01 AT AT01939798T patent/ATE478913T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-01 DE DE60142897T patent/DE60142897D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-01 WO PCT/US2001/017675 patent/WO2001094450A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-06-01 IL IL15312101A patent/IL153121A0/en unknown
- 2001-06-01 CN CN01811679A patent/CN1439032A/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 NO NO20025701A patent/NO20025701L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0337626A1 (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1989-10-18 | Pci Membrane Systems Limited | Membranes |
WO1999054407A2 (en) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-28 | Universität Stuttgart | Engineering ionomeric blends and engineering ionomeric blend membranes |
WO1999054389A1 (en) * | 1998-04-18 | 1999-10-28 | Universität Stuttgart | Acid-base polymer blends and their use in membrane processes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JOCHEN KERRES ET AL: "Synthesis and characterization of novel acid-base polymer blends for application in membrane fuel cells" SOLID STATE IONICS, NORTH HOLLAND PUB. COMPANY. AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 125, 1999, pages 243--249, XP002149019 ISSN: 0167-2738 * |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003022412A3 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-09-12 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and the use of the same |
US8293806B2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2012-10-23 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and the use of the same |
US8013026B2 (en) | 2001-09-12 | 2011-09-06 | Gordon Calundann | Proton-conducting membrane and the use of the same |
WO2003022412A2 (en) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-20 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and the use of the same |
US7534515B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2009-05-19 | Polyfuel, Inc. | Acid-base proton conducting polymer blend membrane |
US7846983B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 | 2010-12-07 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton conducting electrolyte membrane for use in high temperatures and the use thereof in fuel cells |
US7846982B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2010-12-07 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton conducting electrolyte membrane having reduced methanol permeability and the use thereof in fuel cells |
EP1487041A1 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2004-12-15 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Electrolyte film and solid polymer fuel cell using the same |
EP1487041A4 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2006-06-07 | Nitto Denko Corp | Electrolyte film and solid polymer fuel cell using the same |
US7625652B2 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2009-12-01 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Multilayer electrolyte membrane |
JP2005530310A (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2005-10-06 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | Additives for direct methanol fuel cells |
US7445864B2 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2008-11-04 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Functionalized polyazoles, method for the production thereof, and use thereof |
US7045241B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2006-05-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte and method for producing the same |
EP1383194A3 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2007-03-28 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte and method for producing the same |
EP1383194A2 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-21 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte and method for producing the same |
EP1396898A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-03-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Proton conductive solid polymer electrolyte comprising polybenzimidazole and method for producing the same |
US7332530B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2008-02-19 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising a polymer with sulphonic acid groups and use thereof in fuel cells |
WO2004015803A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-19 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising a polymer with sulphonic acid groups and use thereof in fuel cells |
US7795372B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2010-09-14 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Polymer film based on polyazoles, and uses thereof |
US7736778B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-06-15 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton conducting polymer membrane comprising phosphonic acid groups containing polyazoles and the use thereof in fuel cells |
US8142917B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2012-03-27 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising polyazole blends and its use in fuel cells |
US7745030B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2010-06-29 | Basf Fuel Cell Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane comprising sulfonic acid-containing polyazoles, and use thereof in fuel cells |
WO2004034500A3 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2005-05-12 | Pemeas Gmbh | Proton-conducting polymer membrane containing polyazole blends, and application thereof in fuel cells |
JP2006502266A (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2006-01-19 | ペミアス ゲーエムベーハー | Proton conducting polymer membranes containing polyazole blends and their use in fuel cells |
US7366818B2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2008-04-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Integrated circuit comprising a plurality of processing modules and a network and method for exchanging data using same |
US7820314B2 (en) | 2003-07-27 | 2010-10-26 | Basf Fuel Cell Research Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and use thereof |
US20110033777A1 (en) * | 2003-07-27 | 2011-02-10 | Basf Fuel Cell Research Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and use thereof |
US8323810B2 (en) | 2003-07-27 | 2012-12-04 | Basf Fuel Cell Research Gmbh | Proton-conducting membrane and use thereof |
JP2005149949A (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-09 | Jsr Corp | Acid-base composite type polyelectrolyte film |
US7691513B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2010-04-06 | Panasonic Corporation | Proton conductor, electrolyte membrane, electrode and fuel cell |
US7868051B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2011-01-11 | Tokuyama Corporation | Separation membrane for fuel battery and process for producing the same |
US8119305B2 (en) | 2004-09-15 | 2012-02-21 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Electrochemical cells |
US7732077B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2010-06-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Polymer electrolyte medium and direct methanol fuel cell |
EP1693917A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Polymer Electrolyte Medium and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
US7901817B2 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2011-03-08 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | System for flexible in situ control of water in fuel cells |
US8158300B2 (en) | 2006-09-19 | 2012-04-17 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Permselective composite membrane for electrochemical cells |
US8551667B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2013-10-08 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Hydrogel barrier for fuel cells |
US8163429B2 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2012-04-24 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | High efficiency fuel cell system |
US8783304B2 (en) | 2010-12-03 | 2014-07-22 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Liquid containers and apparatus for use with power producing devices |
US9065095B2 (en) | 2011-01-05 | 2015-06-23 | Ini Power Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhancing power density of direct liquid fuel cells |
FR3113676A1 (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-04 | Cdp Innovation | POLYMERS CONTAINING REPEATING UNITS WITH SEVERAL METALLIC OR ORGANIC SULPHONATE PATTERNS, THEIR PREPARATION METHODS AND THEIR USES |
WO2022049236A1 (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-10 | Cdp Innovation | Polymers containing repeating units with several metal or organic sulphonate units, methods for preparing same and uses thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1290068B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
CN1439032A (en) | 2003-08-27 |
IL153121A0 (en) | 2003-06-24 |
NO20025701D0 (en) | 2002-11-27 |
EP1290068A2 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
NO20025701L (en) | 2003-01-27 |
DE60142897D1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
ATE478913T1 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
CA2415614A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
US20020127454A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
AU2001265278A1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
JP2003535940A (en) | 2003-12-02 |
WO2001094450A3 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
US7052805B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7052805B2 (en) | Polymer electrolyte having acidic, basic and elastomeric subunits | |
Lufrano et al. | Sulfonated polysulfone ionomer membranes for fuel cells | |
US6365294B1 (en) | Sulfonated polyphosphazenes for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells | |
US7960046B2 (en) | Sulfonated-perfluorocyclobutane polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cells | |
US7504461B2 (en) | Ion-conductive copolymers containing one or more ion-conducting oligomers | |
KR20100024972A (en) | Film-electrode assembly, film-electrode gas diffusion layer assembly having the same, solid state polymer fuel cell, and film-electrode assembly manufacturing method | |
JP4036279B2 (en) | Proton conductor and fuel cell using the same | |
KR100684734B1 (en) | Polymer electrolyte for fuel cell, method of producing same and fuel cell apparatus comprising same | |
JP4102299B2 (en) | Ionomer used in fuel cell and method for producing the same | |
EP1687357A1 (en) | Ion conductive copolymers containing one or more hydrophobic oligomers | |
WO1997024777A1 (en) | Blend membranes based on sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) for enhanced polymer electrochemical cells | |
KR20080017422A (en) | Polymer electrolyte membrane having improved dimensional stability | |
KR20080018181A (en) | Ion conductive copolymers containing ion-conducting oligomers | |
US8993193B2 (en) | Sulfonated perfluorosulfonic acid polyelectrolyte membranes | |
JP2009021234A (en) | Membrane/electrode conjugant, its manufacturing method, and solid high polymer fuel cell | |
JP2002298869A (en) | Solid polymer fuel cell | |
JP2002305007A (en) | Solid polymer type fuel cell | |
JP2008311146A (en) | Membrane-electrode assembly, its manufacturing method, and solid polymer fuel cell | |
EP1886373A2 (en) | Polymer blend comprising ion-conducting copolymer and non-ionic polymer | |
US20080286629A1 (en) | Chemically cross linked ionomer membrane | |
JP2002298858A (en) | Solid macromolecule type fuel cell | |
WO2008014281A2 (en) | Polymer electrolyte membrane having improved dimensional stability | |
JP2003045450A (en) | Electrode structural body for solid high polymer fuel cell | |
WO2009143146A1 (en) | Polyaromatic ion conducting copolymers |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 153121 Country of ref document: IL |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2002 501997 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 018116795 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001939798 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001265278 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2415614 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001939798 Country of ref document: EP |