WO2001098231A1

WO2001098231A1 - Concrete material for greening

Info

Publication number: WO2001098231A1
Application number: PCT/JP2001/005359
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reizo Hoshino
Original assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toho Material
Priority date: 2000-06-23
Filing date: 2001-06-22
Publication date: 2001-12-27

Abstract

A concrete material for greening, which comprises a concrete material having cement and an aggregate compounded therein and, added thereto as a granular filler or a powdery additive, a silica based mineral being excellent in water absorbing property, water holding property and the like. Silica based minerals include diatomaceous earth, pearlite and other minerals containing a major amount of silica. As the aggregate, an ordinary aggregate such as crushed stones or ballast can be used. The aggregate may be used together with the above silica based filler. A light, porous concrete material can be produced by using only lightweight aggregates such as diatomaceous earth and pearlite. One or more of fibrous materials prepared by crushing bamboo, coconuts and wood material and the like and plant fiber materials such as those from Peat Moss can be added as water holding aids for supplementing the water holding property of concrete.

Description

Description Technical material for greening concrete

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concrete material for greening used on a slope of a land, a surface of a building, a surface of a civil engineering structure, and a river bay. Background art

Conventionally, as the above-mentioned greening concrete, aggregate having a relatively large particle size, for example, a porous material obtained by mixing at a ratio of about 4 to 6 with cement 1 is solidified, and its surface layer and aggregate are solidified. Soil was placed in the gap, and sown in the soil to germinate and survive lawns and other plants.

However, in the above-mentioned greening concrete, although the plants germinate and their roots are rooted in the soil portion in the gap, the roots do not take root in the concrete itself. For this reason, there are disadvantages such as the soil flowing out due to rain or the like, or the plants falling off the concrete surface due to the action of external force on the plants.

In addition to the above, attempts have been made to use a mixture of cement with organic materials such as crushed wood and chips, and to drill many small holes for rooting on the concrete surface to achieve greening. In this case, the roots do not survive on the concrete itself, so that there are problems such as peeling or falling off of turf and the like as described above.

In addition, conventional porous concrete uses coarse aggregate with high specific gravity and large particle size, such as cement and crushed stones and gravel, so it is not only inconvenient to transport the material, but also to handle and to construct it. When the cement is strong in alkali and used for greening, germination of plant seeds and root activity There was a drawback that wearing was hindered.

In addition, when conventional porous concrete is sprayed on slopes for greening, there is a problem that the impact of the spraying causes coarse aggregates to be spread on the bedrock surface and the ground net and not adhere thereto.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a concrete material with the addition of aggregates and additives made of siliceous minerals to cement to provide the concrete with water absorption and water retention, and to increase the seeds of the plant. The purpose is to promote the adhesion and germination of roots, the roots to take root, etc., and to facilitate the greening of concrete construction surfaces such as buildings, civil engineering structures, building surfaces, and slopes of rivers and roads.

A second object of the present invention is to use a coarse aggregate of sili-force to maintain water retention while maintaining water permeability, thereby exhibiting an effect on rainwater absorption and spring water discharge. It is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete material that can smoothly exchange water when used as a revetment material for wetlands, such as a biotope, and can also prevent deterioration of water quality.

A third object of the present invention is to increase the water absorption and water retention by adding an organic additive such as wood chips to a concrete material as a water retention aid, and to function as a fertilizer component for a green plant. In addition, after decomposition, the concrete should be made porous to further enhance plant survival, permeability and water retention.

The fourth object of the present invention is to enable the production of lightweight porous concrete that is easy to handle before and after construction and before and after molding, and to reduce the weight of aggregate when used for spraying. The purpose is to make the concrete adhere without being repelled to the ground or the base net, and to further improve the adhesion by mixing plant fiber materials.

A fifth object of the present invention is to reduce or reduce the degree of arsenic by mixing or adding a non-alliable material such as natural organic fiber, and to be suitable for germination and growth of plants and An object of the present invention is to obtain a porous concrete excellent in both water retention and water retention.

In addition, the purpose is to provide convenience such as making the material itself lighter by using lightweight aggregates, and allowing it to be handled by being packed in a bag in a state of being mixed in a predetermined mixing ratio in advance.

Other objects of the present invention other than those described above will be apparent in the embodiments of the present invention. Disclosure of the invention

The concrete material for greening of the present invention comprises silica as a main component in a concrete material in which cement and aggregate are blended, in order to provide one or both of the functions of the aggregate and the concrete additive. A silica-based mineral is added and blended. The above-mentioned concrete additive is a silica-based mineral ground into a powder, and the aggregate may be mainly a silica-based mineral.

In addition, apart from the aggregate, a silica-based mineral pulverized in a powder form may be used as the concrete additive. The aggregate may be crushed stone, gravel or other common aggregate having a high specific gravity, or a lightweight silica-based aggregate. May contain minerals.

To the above-mentioned ordinary aggregate, a powder-based powder-based mineral can be added as a concrete additive.

Aggregates include crushed stones, gravel and other ordinary aggregates, and silica-based minerals. In some cases, silica-based minerals that have been pulverized into a powder form are added as concrete additives. All silica-based minerals are composed of one or more of lightweight diatomaceous earth, perlite, and loess.

In addition to the above, pumice, artificial aggregate, and other materials containing one or two or more mineral lightweight aggregates of low specific gravity can be added as aggregates. Other Bamboo, palm, wood, etc. as water retention aids that give water retention to concrete It is also possible to add a material obtained by mixing one or more of fibrous materials, peat moss and other vegetable fibrous materials obtained by pulverizing the above.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present invention, ordinary Portland cement is used as the cement, and crushed stone or gravel having a generally used particle size, and fine-grained sand can be used as needed as the ordinary aggregate.

Concrete is a mineral that imparts water retention of the rooting and therefor plant roots in Ichito, minerals silica containing a large amount of silicic acid, for example kieselguhr (S i0 ₂ content 80% or higher), pearlite = Perlite (70% or more), permiculite = vermiculite (36% or more), etc. are used. As minerals containing other amounts of S i0 _2, it is possible to use loess (S i0 ₂ content 5 0-7 0%).

Depending on the type of plant used for revegetation and other conditions, for example, the above silica-based minerals may be used in the form of an aggregate having a particle size of 0.1 to 30 mm as an appropriate aggregate or mixed state. A powder-like additive was added by crushing diatomaceous earth or perlite containing a large amount of silica to the same particle size as cement (for example, 45 / m) for the purpose of capturing the silica component to provide the above functionality. May be.

The silica component desirably has a content of 60% or more and 70% or more as a whole silica-based mineral in order to provide water retention and root activation at a predetermined mixing ratio to cement or the like. The additives are mainly used for this adjustment. These silica components also neutralize the alkali of the cement and promote the germination and growth of plant seeds.

Diatomaceous earth and perlite used as silica-based minerals are porous and are generally used as filter materials, water-absorbent materials, and soil improvement materials. It may be used as a deodorant wall material or the like by making use of its adsorptivity.

The silica component itself, which is hardly present in cement, is a neutral or weakly acidic component that is indispensable for germination and growth of plants.According to the knowledge of the inventor, according to the knowledge of the inventor, adding this to concrete at a suitable amount In addition to the effect of premature hardening of the concrete, when organic materials such as wood chips are mixed in to increase the water retention of the concrete as described later, the decomposition in the concrete is accelerated and the concrete is made porous. There is an effect that encourages. This is presumed to be due to the adhesion of bacteria along with moisture and air to the voids in the diatomaceous earth. This is supported by the fact that concrete becomes porous. This means that, in addition to the effect of diatomaceous earth g on promoting germination and growth on vegetation, diatomaceous earth has another effect of accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in concrete and promoting plant growth. Also means.

In addition, it was confirmed that, even when diatomaceous earth was added to a concrete material, perlatopamiculeite, which is a porous material containing a large amount of silica components, exhibited almost the same function as diatomaceous earth.

The silica component is one of the causes of the aggregate-aggregate reaction in concrete, but greening concrete itself generally does not require high strength as a structure itself, and is mainly There is no particular problem as it is used for the purpose of preventing the surface layer from flowing out and maintaining the shape until the greening of the greening surface is completed.

In addition to the above examples, sepiolite, which has a fibrous shape and has a certain level of water absorption for imparting tackiness and preventing cracking, etc., by retaining the water retention of concrete A small amount of bentonite may be added as needed to promote water stoppage. In addition, organic materials that provide water retention to concrete and that can also be used as fertilizer components for vegetation as well as decomposing over time (for example, fibrous materials made by grinding bamboo, palm, wood, etc., peat moss, and other vegetable fibrous materials) ) Can be added alone or in combination of two or more.

Next, a concrete material obtained by adding and kneading diatomaceous earth grains, diatomaceous earth powder, pearlite grains, etc., as a silica-based mineral, and zeolite grains as other aggregates, as appropriate, is mixed with cement and ordinary aggregate. Blocks of X180 X200 (mm) were formed as samples A to E, and the same amount of western turf seed was directly and uniformly sown directly on the upper surface, and germinated and grown in the outdoor environment in Tokyo. Examples of cases (with appropriate watering to prevent seeds from drying) are described in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 shows the materials used in Samples A to E and their ingredients, and Table 2 shows the observation results of the germination rate, growth degree, and root vigor of each sample (concrete block). is there.

The observation items in Table 2 are observations from the point of germination at about i O mm after seeding to the growth of about 40 to 50 mm on average.The germination rate indicates the germination status of the entire upper surface of the block. Performed by eye measurement.

In addition, the roots after germination are marked with an X mark when the germinated turf is pulled out with little finger when pulled out with a finger, and a △ mark when more than half of the germinated turf feels a certain resistance to pulling out. Indicates that stems were cut due to pull-out resistance. 【table 1 】

[Table 2]

'Compare

Year

In this experiment, the seeding and observation dates of Samples A to E were different, and the environmental conditions for germination and growth, such as outside temperature, humidity, and sunlight, were not common. It is possible to judge the trends and the results of observations on the feasibility of practical use, and all of the samples A to E generally withstand practical use except for the extremely hot and cold seasons in summer and winter.

Simultaneous addition of ordinary aggregate and ordinary Portland cement, addition of aggregates containing little or no silica (silicic acid component) and additives (powder 1) almost germinated even after about 7 days after seeding. Not germinated 2 It has been confirmed that it dies within 3 days.

Also, coarse aggregates containing more than 10 to 20 mm of crushed stones are more likely to germinate with more voids than concrete with only small crushed stones (for example, 5 mm or less). Silica-based mineral was used as an aggregate having a coarse particle size of, for example, 3 to 30 mm. It was found that good results were obtained in germination, growth, and root activation.

Similarly, good results can be obtained by the addition of aggregates and additives containing a large amount of silica such as diatomaceous earth. When using aggregates with a low silica content (for example, vermiculite), use diatomaceous earth powder. It was also found that it was desirable to supplement the silica component. Also, when granular materials such as shells are used as auxiliary aggregates, it is desirable to replenish the sily component as in the above case.

Next, an embodiment in which all or most of the aggregate is treated as a lightweight aggregate only and a lightweight porous concrete material for greening that is convenient for workability will be described in detail. In this embodiment, ordinary portland cement is used as cement, and one or more of water-retaining diatomaceous earth, perlite, artificial aggregate, volcanic rock (pumice) and the like are mixed as lightweight aggregate. For

These lightweight aggregates had specific gravities in the range of 0.38 to 0.5, low specific gravity to cement or water, and particle sizes of about 1 to 20 mm. Each material can absorb and hold 1.4 to 1.5 times the moisture of its volume. Minerals of weak acidity, neutrality, and weak alkalinity (eg, pH 6.0 to 8.0) are feldspar powder and serpentine to neutralize the strength of the cement while compensating for or reducing the strength of the cement. An adjusting material composed of rock powder or the like can be added.

When enhancing the function as a concrete for greening, bamboo, palm, crushed wood and other natural organic fibers such as peat moss are also used as water retention aids. Mixed.

These natural organic fibers use bamboo, palm, etc., crushed fibers with a width of about 0.1 to 5 mm and a length of about 30 to 10 O mm. Most of peat moss and the like are threadlike and 4 to 5 mm. It has a length of Further, the natural organic fiber is dried to a moisture content of about 30 to 50% and is weakly acidic, for example, at a pH of about 4 to 6 in this state.

When the plant fibers crushed as described above are mixed into the cement, in addition to the above-mentioned factors such as the survival of plants and the promotion of rooting, the effect of increasing the initial strength of concrete and the function of neutralizing strong alkali in concrete Is also given.

The compounding ratio (weight basis) according to the use of each of the above materials is generally as follows, and water is added at a ratio of 25 to 30% to all of these materials.

[Table 3]

Material mix ratio

In any of the above cases, if the construction surface is difficult to adhere to, such as rock, etc., the purpose and purpose of use, such as increasing the cement content to 25 to 30% and reducing the amount of aggregate and dietary fiber It is acceptable to change the composition of the materials to be used within the range that does not impair the function as greening concrete.

Upon those described above materials compounded construction or molding field, etc., fresh concrete ^plan: City, although mixed Te by ό concrete mixer, of the mixing cement And the lightweight aggregate and water retention aid can be pre-packed in a bag or other container at a mixing ratio according to the purpose of use.

The material mixed with water as described above is 30 to 4 Omm thick in cases where the ground net is stretched on steep slopes, etc. when used as greening concrete, and is a gentle slope with no net Each is spray-coated with a thickness of about 20 to 25 mm. When making precast members such as concrete blocks and concrete tiles with water permeability, mold them with a wall thickness of 20 to 5 Omm or more according to the minimum required strength and purpose of use.

The lightweight concrete molding obtained as described above has a compressive strength of 15 to 25 kg Zcm ² after one week of the material age, and maintains the strength higher than that of the conventional porous concrete for greening. Similarly, the porosity is 30 to 40%, which is well above the porous porosity standard of 25%.

After compacting and hardening after spraying as greening concrete on the construction surface, after curing is completed, a slurry-like filler consisting of water, viscosity modifier, organic fiber material, slow-release fertilizer, etc. is sprayed on the surface. Filling, and spraying the soil layer from the top surface to form the surface base.

When mixing seed into the soil, it is possible to make it 20 to 6 Omm thick because of its water retention ability, and when sticking turf, spray it to 20 to 3 Omm thick. In addition, in the present invention, since the strength of the concrete is alleviated by the lightweight aggregate, it is possible to mix the seeds when mixing the concrete, and the concrete has emerged on the surface side due to a difference in specific gravity from the cement. The seed has been confirmed to germinate well. In this case, it is desirable to reduce the thickness of the soil layer. Industrial applicability As is clear from the above description, the greening concrete material of the present invention can be formed or constructed with concrete such as a building or civil engineering structure, a road or river slope, and the like. It can be used as a material for construction to germinate, survive and green the plants.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. For greening by adding and mixing silica-based minerals containing silica as the main component, in order to provide one or both of the functions of the aggregate and the concrete additive in the concrete mixed with cement and aggregate. Concrete material.

2. The concrete material for greening according to claim 1, wherein the concrete additive is a silica-based mineral ground into a powder.

3. The greening concrete material according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate is mainly a silica-based mineral.

4. The concrete material for greening according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate is mainly a silica-based mineral, and the silica-based mineral which has been powdered separately from the aggregate is added as a concrete additive.

5. The concrete material for revegetation according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate contains crushed stone, gravel and other ordinary aggregates and silica-based minerals.

6. The concrete material for greening according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate is mainly crushed stone, gravel and other ordinary aggregates, and a powdered silica-based mineral is added as a concrete additive.

7. The concrete material for greening according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate contains crushed stone, gravel or other ordinary aggregate, and a silica-based mineral, and the powdered silica-based mineral is added as a concrete additive. .

8. The concrete material for greening according to claim 1, 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 comprising a material in which a silica-based mineral is one or more of diatomaceous earth, perlite and loess.

9. The greening core according to claim 3 or 4, wherein pumice, artificial aggregate, and other materials containing one or more kinds of mineral lightweight aggregates of low specific gravity are added as aggregates. Concrete material.

10. Bamboo and palm wood as water retention aids to impart water retention to concrete

Claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 in which one or more of fibrous materials, peat moss and other vegetable fibrous materials obtained by grinding wood, etc. are added. Greening concrete material.