WO2002002419A1 - Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method - Google Patents
Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002002419A1 WO2002002419A1 PCT/US2001/020732 US0120732W WO0202419A1 WO 2002002419 A1 WO2002002419 A1 WO 2002002419A1 US 0120732 W US0120732 W US 0120732W WO 0202419 A1 WO0202419 A1 WO 0202419A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- container
- shoulder
- body portion
- finish
- crystallinity
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/10—Jars, e.g. for preserving foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/90—Direct application of fluid pressure differential to shape, reshape, i.e. distort, or sustain an article or preform and heat-setting, i.e. crystallizing of stretched or molecularly oriented portion thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to plastic containers for retaining a commodity during a pasteurization or retort process. More specifically, this invention relates to plastic containers having a shoulder geometry that minimizes spherulitic crystallization below the finish during subsequent thermal processing of the container and/or a product within the container and a method for manufacturing a like container.
- PET Oo ⁇ yethylene terephthalate
- PET containers for various liquid commodities, such as beverages.
- these liquid products such as juices and isotonics, are filled into the containers while the liquid product is at an elevated
- Hot filling works is an acceptable process with commodities having a high acid content.
- Non-high acid commodities must be processed in a different manner and manufacturers and fillers also desire to supply PET containers for those commodities.
- pasteurization and retort are the preferred sterilization methods.
- Pasteurization and retort both presents an enormous challenge for manufactures of PET containers in that heat set containers cannot withstand the temperature and time demands of pasteurization and retort.
- Pasteurization and retort are both methods for cooking or sterilizing the contents of a container after it has been filled. Both processes include the heating of the contents of the container to a specified temperature, usually above about
- Retort differs from
- PET is a crystallizable polymer, meaning that it is available in an amorphous form or a semi-crystalline form.
- the ability of a PET container to maintain its material integrity is related to the percentage of the PET container in crystalline form, also known as the "crystallinity" of the PET container. Crystallinity is characterized as a volume fraction by the equation:
- the crystallinity of a PET container can be increased by mechanical processing and by thermal processing.
- Mechanical processing involves orienting the amorphous material to achieve strain hardening. This processing commonly involves stretching a PET container along a longitudinal axis and expanding the PET container along a transverse or radial axis. The combination promotes what is known as biaxial orientation in the container. Manufacturers of PET bottles currently use mechanical processing to produce PET bottles having about 20% crystallinity in the container's sidewall.
- Thermal processing involves heating the material (either amorphous or semi- crystalline) to promote crystal growth.
- thermal processing of PET material results in a spherulitic morphology that interferes with the transmission of light. In other words, the resulting crystalline material is opaque (and generally undesirable). Used after mechanical processing, however, thermal processing results in higher crystallinity and excellent clarity.
- the thermal processing of an oriented PET container which is known as heat setting, typically includes blow molding a PET preform against a mold heat to a temperature of about
- pasteurization is referring to pasteurization processes where pasteurization of the commodity occurs within the container. Also, a distinction needs to be made between pasteurization temperatures of the commodity internally of the container verses those temperatures applied exteriorly of the container to achieve the desired internal commodity temperature. Unless otherwise indicated, the pasteurization temperatures referenced herein will refer to the external temperatures applied to the container in order to achieve pasteurization of the contents within the container.
- Pasteurization of this variety is herein referred to as low temperature pasteurization. In the pasteurization of solid commodities, pasteurization temperatures of about
- pasteurization temperature within generally the same amount of time. This is because of the lower thermal conductivity of the solid portions of the commodity.
- Pasteurization of this variety where the pasteurization temperature is above 79°C
- retort processes typically involves internal retort
- retort temperatures will be referring to external retort temperatures.
- PET containers Since conventional heat set PET containers cannot withstand high temperature pasteurization and retort processing, the manufacturers of PET containers desire to produce a PET container that maintains aesthetic and material integrity during any subsequent high temperature pasteurization or retort of the contents in the PET container.
- An object of this invention is therefore to provide such a container that overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the conventional techniques in the art.
- An object of this invention is therefore to provide a container capable of being subjected to high temperature pasteurization and retort while maintaining its aesthetic and material integrity.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a container having high crystallinity levels (greater than 30%) in its sidewalls and clarity in the body of the container, from immediately below the support ring of the container to at least the base of the container.
- the plastic container of the invention includes a finish, a body portion and a base portion.
- the finish includes an opening defining the mouth of the container, a threaded portion (or other configuration) as a means to engage a closure, and a support ring that is used during handling, both before and during and after manufacturing.
- the body portion includes a shoulder and a sidewall. The sidewall generally defines the greatest portion of the container's diameter. The shoulder is that transition portion from just below the support ring to the sidewall.
- Both the shoulder and sidewall are provided with a high crystallinity, a crystallinity of greater than 30%.
- the shoulder of a container according to the present invention flares outward from the finish at an angle of about 15° or less, more preferably 10° or less, and most preferably at about an angle of zero. By flaring outward at such a drastic or sharp angle, the PET material which defines the transition from unoriented to oriented material is restricted to the finish and moved out from the shoulder.
- the present invention is a plastic container for retaining a commodity during a high temperature pasteurization or retort process.
- the container includes a finish defining an aperture for receiving the commodity, a body portion generally extending downward from the finish portion, and a base portion generally extending inward from the body portion and closing off the bottom of the container.
- the body portion itself has a crystallinity of greater than 30% and a shoulder portion flaring outward, from a generally transverse plane defined by the
- the present invention is a method of forming a plastic container comprising the steps of: providing a preform having a finish within a mold; expanding the preform into conformity with a cavity of the mold to form a container having a body portion with a shoulder and a sidewall; stretching material forming the shoulder at an angle substantially restricting that portion of the material defining a transition from oriented to unoriented material to the finish and to induce orientation into the shoulder adjacent to the finish; thermally treating the container to crystallize the body portion; the orientation being induced in an amount sufficient to prevent opacifying of the material in the shoulder when the container is subjected to temperatures crystallizing the body portion to a crystallinity of greater than 30%.
- the present invention is a method of forming a plastic container comprising: providing a preform having a finish with a support ring within a mold; expanding the preform into conformity with a cavity of the mold to form a container having a body portion with a shoulder and a sidewall; stretching material forming the shoulder at an angle relative to a transverse plane defined by the mouth of the container to induce orientation into the shoulder adjacent to the finish; heat treating the container to induce in the body portion crystallinity of at least 30%; the orientation being induced in the shoulder being sufficient to prevent opacifying of the material in the shoulder when the container is heat treated to induce in the shoulder crystallinity of at least 30%.
- FIG. 1 is an elevation view of the plastic container according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic container, taken generally along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a plastic container having a opacified ring of material in its shoulder region;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another a plastic container having a opacified ring of material in its shoulder region.
- the plastic container 10 of the invention includes a finish 12, a base portion 14, and a body portion 16.
- the 10 includes portions defining an aperture or mouth 18, a threaded region 20, and a support ring 21.
- the aperture 18 allows the plastic container 10 to receive a commodity while the threaded region 20 provides a means for attachment of a similarly threaded closure or cap (not shown), which preferably provides a hermetical seal for the plastic container 10.
- the support ring 21 may be used to carry or orient the preform (the precursor to the container 10) through and at various stages stations of manufacture.
- the preform may be carried by the support ring 21 , the support ring 21 may be used to aid in positioning the preform in the mold, or the support ring may be used by end consumer to carry the container 10.
- the base portion 14 of the plastic container 10, which generally extends inward from the body portion 16, includes a chime 24, contact ring 26 and an inwardly recessed region 28.
- the base portion 14 functions to close off the bottom of the container 10 and, together with the finish 12 and the body portion 16, to retain the commodity.
- the sidewall 23 includes several panels 30 that are equally spaced around the sidewall 23.
- Each of the panels 30 may includes a pressure-panel portion 32 and a vacuum panel portion 34.
- the pressure-panel portion 32 and the vacuum panel portion 34 function and cooperate to control and limit deformation of the sidewall 23 during the high temperature pasteurization or retort processing of the commodities within the plastic container 10 and during subsequent cooling of the commodities. More specific information regarding the pressure-panel portion 32 and the vacuum panel portion 34 of the panels 30 can be found in U.S. Application No. 09/293,069, Filed April 16, 1999, assigned to the same Assignee as the present invention, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
- the plastic container 10 is a blow molded, biaxially oriented container with a unitary construction from a single or multi-layer of plastic material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the plastic container 10 may be formed by other methods and from other conventional materials.
- Plastic containers blow-molded with a unitary construction from PET materials are known and used in the art of plastic containers and their general manufacture in the present invention will be readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
- the plastic container 10 is preferably heat set with a fluid cycle process.
- the fluid cycle process includes introducing and/or circulating a high-temperature fluid over an interior surface 36 of the sidewall 16, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the high- temperature fluid is circulated over the interior surface 36 for a sufficient duration to
- the high-temperature fluid is at a temperature
- the preferred composition of the high-temperature fluid is air, other fluids such as steam may be used, as well as higher temperatures and pressures.
- the high-temperature fluid is circulated over the interior surface 36 for 1 to 15 seconds, in order to transfer the necessary heat energy to induce the appropriate amount of crystallinity into the plastic container 10. More specific information regarding this fluid cycle process can be found in U.S. Application No. 09/395,708, Filed September 14, 1999, assigned to the same Assignee as the present invention and which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
- the plastic container 10 is produced having a body portion 16 with a crystallinity of greater than 30%.
- crystallinities greater than 30% are considered “high crystallinities”.
- Such high crystallinities allow the plastic container 10 to maintain its material integrity during a pasteurization or retort process of the commodities in the plastic container 10, and during subsequent shipment of the plastic container 10.
- Other crystallinities have also been induced via the above fluidic processes including a crystallinity of 34.4%, generally corresponding to a density of 1.375 g/cc (measured via a density gradient tube).
- these bands 150 and 250 during high temperature pasteurization and retort processes can be eliminated by altering the geometry of the shoulder 22 to induce an abrupt stretching in this region during formation of the container 10.
- the flaring proceeds initially at a sharp angle relative to a generally transverse plane defined by the support ring 21 and/or mouth 18 of the finish 12.
- the introduction of a sharp angle into the molding of the container 10 is contrary bottle blow molding theory which dictates that sharp
- the shoulder 22 initially flares at an angle ⁇ of 15°
- angles ⁇ and ⁇ for the shoulders 150 and 250 are seen to be
- opaque and opacified are intended to mean that such material cannot be visually looked through. Opaque and opacified material is therefore being differentiated from transparent, clear and hazed materials, all of which can be visually looked through.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR0112083-2A BR0112083A (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherultically crystallization below finish and method |
AU7162601A AU7162601A (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method |
AU2001271626A AU2001271626B2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method |
MXPA02012620A MXPA02012620A (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method. |
EP01950658A EP1311437B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Method of forming a retortable plastic container |
DE60116770T DE60116770T2 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Method of forming a plastic container |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/609,601 US6413466B1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2000-06-30 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method |
US09/609,601 | 2000-06-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002002419A1 true WO2002002419A1 (en) | 2002-01-10 |
WO2002002419A8 WO2002002419A8 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
Family
ID=24441494
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/020732 WO2002002419A1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2001-06-29 | Plastic container having geometry minimizing spherulitic crystallization below the finish and method |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6413466B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1311437B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE316043T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU7162601A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0112083A (en) |
DE (1) | DE60116770T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2256271T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02012620A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ533999A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002002419A1 (en) |
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JP3128764B2 (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 2001-01-29 | 三井化学株式会社 | Bottle made of saturated polyester for carbonated drinks |
DE9102198U1 (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1991-05-16 | Frohn, Walter, Dr.-Ing., 8000 Muenchen, De | |
US5261454A (en) | 1992-11-30 | 1993-11-16 | Grumman Aerospace Corporation | Multiport selector valve |
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-
2000
- 2000-06-30 US US09/609,601 patent/US6413466B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-29 AU AU7162601A patent/AU7162601A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-29 DE DE60116770T patent/DE60116770T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-29 ES ES01950658T patent/ES2256271T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-29 AT AT01950658T patent/ATE316043T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-29 MX MXPA02012620A patent/MXPA02012620A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-29 WO PCT/US2001/020732 patent/WO2002002419A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-29 BR BR0112083-2A patent/BR0112083A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-29 AU AU2001271626A patent/AU2001271626B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-29 EP EP01950658A patent/EP1311437B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-03-15 US US10/099,506 patent/US6585124B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-09 NZ NZ533999A patent/NZ533999A/en unknown
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3923178A (en) * | 1974-07-25 | 1975-12-02 | American Home Prod | Container |
US5972446A (en) * | 1993-09-16 | 1999-10-26 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Polyester bottle and method of removing adsorbates on the bottle |
WO2000058175A1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-05 | Schmalbach-Lubeca Ag | Pasteurization panels for a plastic container |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1311437B1 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
US6585124B2 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
BR0112083A (en) | 2003-05-06 |
US20020127357A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
MXPA02012620A (en) | 2004-04-20 |
AU2001271626B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
NZ533999A (en) | 2006-02-24 |
ATE316043T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
WO2002002419A8 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
DE60116770T2 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US6413466B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
ES2256271T3 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
AU7162601A (en) | 2002-01-14 |
DE60116770D1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
EP1311437A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 |
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