WO2002011628A1

WO2002011628A1 - Blade with body partly made from diamond

Info

Publication number: WO2002011628A1
Application number: PCT/EP2001/008294
Authority: WO
Inventors: Erhard Kohn; Stephan Ertl; Peter Gluche; André Flöter
Original assignee: Gfd Gesellschaft Für Diamantprodukte Mbh
Priority date: 2000-08-04
Filing date: 2001-07-18
Publication date: 2002-02-14
Also published as: AU2001289683A1; WO2002011628A8; EP1318755A1; DE10038015A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a blade (1) with a blade body (8) and at least one electrical function element (3) in or on the blade body, characterised in that the blade body consists at least partly of diamond and comprises electrically conducting diamond regions as electrical function element.

Description

blade

The present invention relates to a blade with a blade body and at least one electrical functional element in or on the blade body. Such blades are used, for example, in medicine, in particular microsurgery, endoscopy, minimally invasive surgery as well as in general surgery, such as for example in eye operations as lancets or in skin incisions as cutting blades.

The use of coagulation to stop bleeding, for example in surgical use, is a common method. Conventionally, coagulation to stop bleeding from open wounds is accomplished using a pair of pliers, tweezers, wire, or a blade that is used to compress the bleeding vessel in the case of forceps, for example, and then a high frequency current through the pliers tip 4-3

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No. 5,792,137 shows a coagulation forceps provided with a cutting edge, which can be heated for coagulation. These pliers essentially consist of a silicon substrate that is doped on its surface so that it has a high resistance.

Within the silicon substrate there are silicon electrodes as electrical functional elements between which a current can flow, so that the substrate is heated. Since these pliers are heated in the depth of the substrate, adequate and rapid heat supply to the surface of the pliers cutting edge cannot be brought about; for example, local hot spots are generated.

Furthermore, due to the different expansion coefficients of the conductive silicon electrodes and the non-conductive silicon dioxide or silicon nitride areas (Si0 ₂ , Si ₃ N ₄ ), these tongs result in tensions and damage within the pliers cutting edge during heating up or cooling down.

In contrast, the publications US 4,485,810 and 4,069,336 go another way to heat a blade. In both publications, a blade is disclosed which consists, for example, of silicon or silicon carbide and carries electrical heating conductors as electrical functional elements on its surface. This surface is finally electrically insulated with a plastic cover. These blades are only used for skin incisions, but not for eye surgery purposes. The electrical heating conductors are made of metal, for example copper. This ensures sufficient heat input into the blade. However, the plastic cover has a low thermal conductivity, which results in poor heat transfer from the inside of the blade ^ ^, 1 CD φ I 1 1 I rl ..

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and also a heat supply to the blade surface is ensured even with very high heating outputs and a short heating-up time (up to <ls / 100 ° C). The heating phase, for example the heating time and the course of the heating of the blade can be regulated in the blade according to the invention by the signal shape of the heating current supplied to the heating elements. Because of the high thermal conductivity and low heat capacity of the blade, the temperature of the blade follows the signal curve of the heating current quickly and with little delay.

It is also advantageous that the thermal expansion coefficient of diamond with α _D i = 0.8 - 1.0 x 10 ^"6 l / K is quite low. In particular, conductive, for example boron-doped, and insulating diamond layers have similar thermal expansion coefficients, see above that no tension or damage occurs when the temperature of the blade changes.

In contrast, silicon, as used in the prior art for the blade body, has an expansion coefficient of 2.56 x 10 ^"6 l / K for conductive silicon layers and 0.4 x 10 ^{" 6} for insulating silicon layers in the case of silicon dioxide l / K or, in the case of silicon nitride, 0.8 x 10 ^"δ l / K. When using silicon technology, tension changes occur in the blade during temperature changes, so that damage occurs in a corresponding blade as in the prior art are expected.

Another advantage of the blade according to the invention is that diamond is known as the hardest material. The blades according to the invention therefore retain prolonged use. In particular, due to the high stability of the cutting edge, less damage occurs, for example in the event of a spark. The elastic modulus of diamond is also the highest of all known materials. Despite these properties, diamond is relatively elastic with a high breaking stress of 10.5 GPa for single-crystal and 4.8 GPa for polycrystalline diamond.

If the electrical functional element is made from very heavily doped diamond, it has no temperature dependence of its resistance. It is then suitable for the production of resistance heating elements, supply lines, electrodes, for example electrical, chemical or physiological electrodes, or also for mono- or bipolar coagulation electrodes.

With medium doping, heating element / temperature sensor combinations can be produced.

Weak doping is suitable for temperature sensors.

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use of suitable plastics is unnecessary.

Some examples of blades according to the invention will be described below.

Show it:

1 shows a heatable blade with a monolithically integrated temperature sensor;

Figure 2 shows a cross section of the heatable blade of Figure 1 along the line A-A ';

Figure 3 shows a cross section through the heatable

Blade according to Figure 1 along the lines BB ¹ ;

such as

Figure 4 shows another heatable blade.

Figure 1 shows a heatable blade 1, with a blade body 8 made of diamond, which has a curved cutting edge 6. There are heating conductors 2 made of highly doped diamond regions, for example doped with boron, on the surface of the blade body 8. These heating conductors are connected to metallizations 5 at one end of the blade body 8, via which an electrical voltage can be applied to the heating conductors 2. The heating conductors 2 save an area on the blade surface in which a temperature sensor 3 with supply lines 4 is arranged. The supply lines 4 are also connected to metallizations 5 in order to apply an electrical voltage to them. The temperature sensor 3 consists of p ^~ -doped diamond. The respective endowments can can already be introduced into the blade body 8 in a conventional manner during the manufacturing process. It is also possible to have the blade body 8 grown on a substrate, for example by means of the CVD method, and to incorporate the doping into the diamond of the blade body during the growth process.

FIG. 2 shows a section through a blade according to FIG. 1, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 designating corresponding elements. It can be seen that the blade body 8 has an insulating diamond layer 11 which is arranged on a silicon substrate 10. On the side of the diamond layer 11 facing away from the silicon substrate 10 there is a further diamond layer 12 of the blade body 8, as a p ⁺ -doped heating conductor 2. This diamond layer 12 also forms the cutting edge 6.

Along the cross section it can be seen that a region of the diamond layer 12 in which the temperature sensor 3 is arranged is recessed approximately in the center of the blade. The temperature sensor 3 consists of doped diamond, and the temperature dependence of the resistance value can be adjusted via the level of the dopant concentration. The temperature sensor 3 can also be produced during or immediately after the production of the diamond layers 11 and 12 on the substrate 10 by doping the growing diamond, with one also

Etching process can be provided in order to separate the temperature sensor 3 from the p ⁺ -doped heating conductors 2.

FIG. 3 shows a further section through the blade according to FIG. 1 along the line BB ¹ . Are again Similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals so that their description is partially omitted. It can be seen that only the supply lines 4 for the temperature sensor are now present in the central region of the blade. A metallization 5 is provided on the diamond layer 12 of the p ⁺ -doped heating conductors 2 in the area of the section BB 'on both sides of the feed lines 4, which is in electrical contact with the p ⁺ -doped heating conductors 2.

A voltage can now be applied to the p ⁺ -doped regions of the heating conductors 2 via these metallizations 5 in order to heat the blade.

As a further variant of a heatable blade according to the invention, which is not shown here in detail, however, the blade according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can be designed such that no silicon substrate 10 is present. However, all other elements of the blade are as they appear from Figures 1 to 3.

FIG. 4 shows a further example of a heatable blade, similar elements again being identified here with the same reference symbols and their description therefore being at least partially omitted.

The blade from FIG. 4 is a lancet with cutting edges 6, 6 'which form a tip. The surface 7, which is formed between the cutting edges 6, 6 'and the line drawn in dashed lines in FIG. 4, forms beveled cutting surfaces. In the lancet shown in FIG. 4, too, a temperature sensor 3 with supply lines 4 is provided, which can be supplied with voltage via metallizations 5 '. The heating conductors are not shown in FIG. 4, but are arranged in strips in the same way as in FIG. These heating conductors are contacted via the metallizations 5, as a result of which they can be supplied with voltage. The remaining areas can be used for contacting further functional elements.

Claims

claims

1. Blade with a blade body and at least one electrical functional element in or on the blade body, characterized in that the blade body consists at least partially of diamond and has electrically conductive diamond areas as an electrical functional element.

2. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the functional element is a resistance heating element, a feed line, an electrical, chemical and / or physiological electrode, a monopolar or bipolar coagulation electrode, a heating element - temperature sensor combination, a temperature sensor, a Hall -Sensor for magnetic field measurement, a chemo-sensitive component, such as an ion-sensitive field effect transistor or a pH-dependent resistor, a piezoresistive sensor, such as a pressure sensor, force sensor or acceleration sensor, a radiation sensor, such as for UV, X-ray or γ radiation , or is a flow sensor.

3. Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of the electrical functional element are doped with boron, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and / or lithium.

4. Blade according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the areas of the electrical functional element for a resistance heating element, a feed line, an electrical, chemical and / or physiological electrode, a monopolar or bipolar coagulation electrode heavily doped, for a heating element - temperature sensor Combination of medium doping, weakly doped for a temperature sensor or for a Hall sensor for magnetic field measurement, a chemo-sensitive component such as an ion-sensitive field effect transistor or a pH-dependent resistor, a piezo-resistive sensor such as a Pressure sensor, force sensor or acceleration sensor, on

Radiation sensors, such as for UV, X-ray or γ radiation, or a flow sensor are doped in different areas in some areas.

5. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical functional element is a heating element which has a doping concentration greater than 1 x 10 ¹⁸ cm ^"3

Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the heating element has a dopant concentration of 5 x 10 ²⁰ cm ^-3 .

7. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical functional element has the form of conductor tracks.

8. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical functional element is at least partially buried on the surface of the blade body and / or in the blade body.

9. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one electrically connected contact element is arranged as a further electrical functional element on the blade body with the electrical functional element.

10. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the contact elements contain metal.

11. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the surface of the blade body and / or buried in the blade body, at least one temperature sensor is arranged as an electrical functional element.

12. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the temperature sensor has a width of approximately 0.03 mm and a length of approximately 0.06 mm.

13. Blade according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor consists of doped diamond.

14. Blade according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that with the

Temperature sensor electrical leads are connected as further electrical functional elements.

15. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the electrical leads consist of doped diamond.

16. Blade according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical feed lines are doped with boron, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and / or lithium.

17. Blade according to one of the two previous approaches Sayings, characterized in that the feed lines have a dopant concentration between 1 x 10 ¹⁸ cm ^-3 and 1 x 10 ²² cm ^"3 .

18. Blade according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that the feed lines have a dopant concentration of 5 x 10 ²⁰ cm ³ .

19. Blade according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the feed lines have the shape of conductor tracks.

20. Blade according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that on the side facing away from the blade tip with the leads electrically connected contact elements are arranged as further electrical functional elements.

21. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the contact elements of the leads contain metal.

22. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the blade in the area of the electrical functional element is a nominally undoped, possibly closed with the exception of the contact elements Has a diamond layer.

23. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire surface of the blade, with the possible exception of the contact elements, has a closed, nominally undoped diamond layer.

24. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a control circuit for controlling the voltage applied to the electrical functional element and / or the current applied to the electrical functional element.

25. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the control is carried out as a function of signals from other functional elements.

26. Blade according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the control circuit is an integrated circuit.

27. Blade according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the control circuit is an integrated circuit based on diamond.

8. Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a voltage supply.