WO2002012147A1 - Refractory components - Google Patents
Refractory components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002012147A1 WO2002012147A1 PCT/GB2001/000347 GB0100347W WO0212147A1 WO 2002012147 A1 WO2002012147 A1 WO 2002012147A1 GB 0100347 W GB0100347 W GB 0100347W WO 0212147 A1 WO0212147 A1 WO 0212147A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- sleeve
- component according
- recess
- graphite member
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/522—Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/94—Products characterised by their shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/95—Products characterised by their size, e.g. microceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
- C04B2235/9676—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to refractory components for use in a metal producing or refining process in which the components are at least partially immersed in molten metal.
- the invention relates to a graphite shaft for use in a process for producing or refining non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium and aluminium alloys.
- the invention also relates to a method of making such refractory components.
- Graphite shafts are used for various purposes in processes for producing and refining non- ferrous metals including aluminium and aluminium alloys, where the shaft is at least partially immersed in the molten metal (the "melt").
- Liquid aluminium, aluminium alloys and other non-ferrous metals contain inclusions, dissolved hydrogen and alkali meted impurities. These are undesirable as they adversely affect the physical properties of the metals.
- inert gas is inj ected into the liquid metal through a hollow graphite shaft, one end of which is immersed in the liquid metal, well below the surface.
- a rotor may be fixed to the end of the shaft, and the whole assembly is rotated, typically at 200-700 RPM. This increases the efficiency of the process.
- the spinning action of the rotor breaks up the gas stream emerging from the shaft into fine bubbles, increasing the surface area of the gas. The gas then rises through the metal, removing dissolved hydrogen and inclusions and carrying them to the surface of the melt.
- chlorine can be added to the inert gas and injected through the shaft and rotor into the metal.
- the chlorine reacts with alkali metals in the metal and the resulting liquid impurity is removed by the bubbles.
- This chlorine may be added as a gas, or injected as a solid (in powdered or granulated form) or a liquid salt mixture.
- the rotor acts as a stiirer, or is replaced by a stirrer, and the chlorine can then be added in a solid salt form to the surface of the metal, and is mixed into the metal by the stirring action.
- a flux may also be added, usually in the form of solid or liquid salts, for example NaCl, K2C13, MgCl etc.
- Graphite is used for these shafts because it is resistant to thermal shock, is not wetted by liquid aluminium, has low thermal expansion, is mechanically strong and tough even at elevated temperatures, is easy to machine and does not react with the liquid aluminium.
- graphite oxidises at elevated temperatures. The shafts therefore gradually erode, particularly in the region where the shaft passes through the surface of the liquid metal, and have to be replaced periodically.
- these components may be used for removing hydrogen by injecting gases such as nitrogen or argon, for removing inclusions and alkali metals by ' injecting reactive gases such as chlorine or solid or liquid chlorine salt fluxes, or as part of a stirring assembly to aid mixing of the metal, by driving a rotor or stirrer .
- gases such as nitrogen or argon
- reactive gases such as chlorine or solid or liquid chlorine salt fluxes
- graphite may be used for components such as submerged entry nozzles, injection lances and flow control systems, for injecting gases under the surface of the metal or controlling the flow of the metal.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of making such a graphite component.
- a refractory component for use in a metal producing or refining process in which the component is at least partially immersed in molten metal, the component including a graphite member and a refractory sleeve that covers at least part of the graphite member, characterised in that a recess is provided in the surface of the graphite member and the refractory sleeve is located in the recess.
- the refractory sleeve protects the covered part of the graphite member from oxidation and erosion. Because the sleeve is located in the recess, it is mechanically fixed very securely to the graphite shaft, preventing liquid metal from penetrating between the sleeve and the graphite. The arrangement is also very strong, but does not affect the overall dimensions of the component.
- the refractory sleeve covers the region of the graphite member that in use passes through the surface of the molten metal, thereby protecting the graphite member in that most vulnerable region.
- the refractory sleeve is of a length such that, in use, it extends above and below the surface of the molten metal by a distance in the range 50- 300mm, preferably 100- 150mm. This ensures that the component is protected, even if the level of the liquid metal varies significantly.
- the refractory sleeve is cast in situ in the recess provided ⁇ n the surface of the graphite member, so ensuring a good fit.
- the external surface of the refractory sleeve is substantially level with the external surface of the graphite member, to avoid causing turbulence.
- the external surface of refractory sleeve may stand above the external surface of the graphite member. This allows the depth of the recess in the graphite member to be reduced without reducing the thickness of the sleeve, and is the preferred arrangement where a deep recess would compromise the strength of the graphite member.
- the recess may have a depth in the range 1-30mm, preferably 8mm.
- the recess has circumferential walls that are inclined towards one another.
- the circumferential walls may be inclined relative to the surface of the graphite member at an angle in the range 20- 89 ° , preferably approximately 60 ° . This locks the sleeve into the recess.
- the sleeve may have a thickness in the range l-25mm, preferably about 7mm.
- the refractory component includes an expansion gasket between the refractory sleeve and the graphite member, to accommodate differential thermal expansion of the two components.
- the expansion gasket may have a thickness in the range 0.5-5mm, preferably 1mm.
- the expansion gasket may include a layer of ceramic paper.
- the refractory sleeve is made of a ceramic material, which may be fused silica, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon aluminium oxy-nitride, Mullite, zircon or zirconia, or a combination thereof.
- the refractory component comprises a substantially cylindrical shaft, which may have a diameter in the range 30-200mm, preferably approximately 75mm, and a length in the range 0.5-2.0m, preferably approximately 1.0- 1.3m.
- the shaft is hollow.
- the refractory component is suitable for use in a process for producing or refining non-ferrous metals, in particular aluminium and aluminium alloys.
- a method of making a refractory component for use in a metal producing or refining process in which the component is at least partially immersed in molten metal the refractory component including a graphite member and a refractory sleeve that covers at least part of the graphite member, characterised in that a recess is formed in the surface of the graphite member and the refractory sleeve is cast in the recess.
- the refractory sleeve is cast in situ in the recess.
- the graphite member is shaped on a lathe, and the recess is formed on the surface of the graphite member during the shaping operation.
- a mould is placed over the recess and a refractory material is injected into the recess beneath the mould.
- the refractory sleeve is fired on the graphite member.
- Figure 1 is an isometric drawing of a refractory component according to a first embodiment of the invention, comprising a graphite shaft with a ceramic sleeve, showing some hidden details;
- Figure 2 is a side view of the component, showing the level of the liquid metal during use
- Figure 3 is a side section through the component on line A-A of Fig. 2;
- Figure 4 is a sectional side view at a larger scale, showing part of the component shown in Fig. 3;
- Figure 5 is an isometric drawing of a refractory component according to a second embodiment of the invention, comprising a graphite shaft with a ceramic sleeve, showing some hidden details;
- Figure 6 is a side view of the component shown in Fig. 5, showing the level of the liquid metal during use;
- Figure 7 is a side section through the component on line A-A of Fig. 5;
- Figure 8 is a sectional side view at a larger scale, showing part of the component shown in Fig. 7;
- Figure 9 is a plan view of a refractory component according to a third embodiment of the invention, comprising a pump block, showing some hidden details;
- Figure 10 is a side section through the component on line B-B of Fig. 9;
- Figure 11 is a sectional side view at a larger scale, showing part of the component shown in Fig. 10;
- Figures 12 and 13 are plan views of the component, not showing any hidden details
- Figure 14 is an end section on line A-A of Fig. 13, and
- the refractory component shown in Figs. 1-4 comprises a substantially cylindrical shaft 2 of solid graphite, having a length of approximately lm and a diameter of approximately 75mm. At the lower end of the shaft 2 there is a portion 4 of reduced diameter that is provided with a screw thread 6 for fixing the shaft to a rotor. A threaded bore 8 is provided 15 at the upper end of the shaft for fixing the shaft to a rotary drive mechanism.
- a sleeve 10 of ceramic material is located in a recess 12 provided approximately in the middle of the shaft 2.
- the sleeve 10 covers the portion of the shaft that in use extends through the surface 14 of the liquid, metal.
- the recess 12 comprises a shallow slot having a depth of about 8mm and a width of about 20 250mm, which extends around the circumference of the cylindrical shaft 2.
- the circumferential walls 16 that define the upper and lower edges of the recess 12 are inclined towards one another, at an angle of about 60° to the external cylindrical surface of the graphite shaft.
- the sleeve 10 is made of a ceramic material, for example fused silica, alumina, silicon
- the sleeve 12 has a thickness of about 7mm, leaving a 1mm gap 20 between the sleeve 12 and the shaft 2, which in use accommodates differential thermal expansion of the sleeve and the shaft.
- the gap 20 may be filled with an expansion gasket, for example a sheet of ceramic paper.
- the refractory component may of course have different dimensions, according to the purpose for which it is intended. Typically, however, the ranges for those dimensions will be approximately as follows:
- the refractory component may also take the form of a hollow shaft, for injecting gas into the liquid metal as part of a rotary degassing operation, similar principles of construction may be employed in other refractory components made substantially of graphite that come into contact with liquid metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).
- the shaft 2 shown in the accompanying drawing may be made as follows:
- the graphite shaft 2 is shaped by machining a billet of solid graphite on a lathe.
- a surface treatment may be applied to the graphite, to reduce the rate of oxidation, for example, the graphite may be treated by impregnating protective compounds into its surface. This step is conventional and will not be described in detail.
- This mould may, for example, consist of a slotted cylindrical nylon sleeve having an inside diameter matched to the outer diameter of the graphite shaft 2, and a length about 100mm longer than the recess 12, to provide a 50mm overlap at each end.
- the ceramic material is injected in liquid form through the slot in the sleeve, until it completely fills the recess 10. After allowing the ceramic to become solid or semi- solid, any excess ceramic material is removed from the slot using a simple scraper tool.
- the ceramic is kept damp for about 48 hours, for example by wrapping in wet rags or spraying with water, to prevent it cracking, and it is then allowed to dry.
- the ceramic material is fired on the graphite shaft in a kiln at a temperature of about 380C , to drive out any water remaining in the ceramic.
- the shaft 2 is mounted so that the ceramic sleeve 10 covers the part of the graphite shaft that passes through the surface 14 of the liquid metal.
- the sleeve 10 prevents oxidation of the graphite and protects the shaft from erosion and abrasion. The useful lifetime of the component is therefore considerably increased.
- the advantages provided by the invention include the following: • Reduced oxidation of the graphite shaft at the metal line.
- Substantially unaffected strength of the graphite Increased toughness and impact resistance of the graphite part. Easy machining of threads into the graphite. The original dimensions of the shaft are retained (therefore there is no change in the shaft's angular velocity at the metal line, which can cause turbulence). The 'balance' of the shaft is unaffected (which is important when spinning quickly). Ingress of aluminium behind the refractory protective layer is minimised. • The component is reliable and inexpensive to manufacture.
- the refractory component shown in Figs.5-8 is substantially similar in many respects to the component shown in Figs. 1 -4 and where appropriate similar reference numbers have been used.
- the component comprises a substantially cylindrical shaft 2 of solid graphite, having a diameter of approximately 40mm.
- the shaft is therefore considerably narrower than that shown in Figs. 1 -4.
- At the lower end of the shaft 2 there is a portion 4 of reduced diameter that is provided with a screw thread 6 for fixing the shaft to a rotor.
- a threaded bore 8 is provided at the upper end of the shaft for fixing the shaft to a rotary drive mechanism.
- a sleeve 10 of ceramic material is located in a recess 12 provided approximately in the middle of the shaft 2.
- the sleeve 10 covers the portion of the shaft that in use extends through the surface 14 of the liquid metal.
- the recess 12 comprises a shallow slot having a depth of about 3mm and a width of about 250mm, which extends around the circumference of the cylindrical shaft 2.
- the recess is therefore much shallower than that on the shaft shown in Figs. 1 -4, to avoid compromising the strength of the shaft.
- the circumferential walls 16 that define the upper and lower edges of the recess 12 are inclined towards one another, at an angle of about 60° to the external cylindrical surface of the graphite shaft.
- the sleeve 10 is made of a ceramic material as described above and is formed by placing a mould over the recess and injecting the material in liquid or semi-solid form into the void formed by the recess 12 and the mould.
- the sleeve therefore essentially fills the recess and takes on its shape.
- the upper and lower edges 18 of the sleeve 10 are therefore inclined outwards, mechanically locking the sleeve 10 to the shaft 2.
- the mould is shaped such that the outside diameter of the sleeve is greater than the outside diameter of the shaft.
- the external surface 22 of the sleeve therefore stands proud of the external surface of the shaft. This allows the sleeve to retain a thickness of about 7mm, which it needs for strength, although only 2-3mm of that thickness lies under the surface of the shaft.
- a gap 20 is provided between the sleeve 12 and the shaft 2, which accommodates differential thermal expansion of the sleeve and the shaft.
- the gap 5 20 may be filled with an expansion gasket, for example a sheet of ceramic paper.
- the refractory component may of course have different dimensions, according to the purpose for which it is intended. Typically, however, the ranges for those dimensions will be approximately as follows:
- the invention is applicable to degassing, gas-injection, flux-injection, chlorine-injection, stirring, moving and treatment of liquid aluminium, its alloys and non-ferrous metals, where 20 a graphite part is immersed into the liquid metal.
- the invention is also applicable to refractory components used in the production and refining of ferrous metals, where a graphite part is immersed into the liquid metal.
- FIGs. 9-15 depict a component of a pump (a pump block 24) that, in use, is partially immersed in the molten metal.
- the block 25 24 is made of graphite and is substantially cuboidal in shape, with a shallow groove 26 that extends along one face 28, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the block.
- the block is held upright, with the longitudinal axis vertical, and with the bottom third of the block 24 is made of graphite and is substantially cuboidal in shape, with a shallow groove 26 that extends along one face 28, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the block.
- the block is held upright, with the longitudinal axis vertical, and with the bottom third of the block immersed in molten metal. The block is therefore prone to erosion where it passes through the surface of the metal.
- the block 24 is provided with a ceramic sleeve 30 that extends around the block to protect the area subject to erosion.
- the sleeve extends a few centimetres above and below the metal line, to allow for variations in the depth of the metal.
- the sleeve 30 is located in a recess 32 provided in the block 24.
- the recess 32 comprises a shallow slot having a depth of about 3 mm that extends around the circumference of the block.
- the circumferential walls 34 that define the upper and lower edges of the recess 32 are inclined towards one another, at an angle of about 60° to the external surface of the graphite block. These walls serve to retain the sleeve in the recess.
- An expansion gap 36 is provided behind the sleeve.
- the ceramic materials used in the sleeve and the method of manufacturing are substantially as described above.
- the methods described herein may also be employed for manufacturing protective sleeves for other graphite components used in the aluminium industry, which are prone to erosion owing to contact with the molten metal.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002517450A JP2004505779A (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-01-29 | Heat resistant material |
EP01902505A EP1218308A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-01-29 | Refractory components |
CA002377897A CA2377897A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-01-29 | Refractory components |
AU30363/01A AU755199B2 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-01-29 | Refractory components |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0019088.4 | 2000-08-04 | ||
GB0019088A GB2365513A (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2000-08-04 | Refractory components for use in metal producing processes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002012147A1 true WO2002012147A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
Family
ID=9896931
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2001/000347 WO2002012147A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2001-01-29 | Refractory components |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020185794A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1218308A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004505779A (en) |
AU (1) | AU755199B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2377897A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2365513A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002012147A1 (en) |
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US9011761B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-04-21 | Paul V. Cooper | Ladle with transfer conduit |
US9017597B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2015-04-28 | Paul V. Cooper | Transferring molten metal using non-gravity assist launder |
US9034244B2 (en) | 2002-07-12 | 2015-05-19 | Paul V. Cooper | Gas-transfer foot |
US9080577B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-07-14 | Paul V. Cooper | Shaft and post tensioning device |
US9108244B2 (en) | 2009-09-09 | 2015-08-18 | Paul V. Cooper | Immersion heater for molten metal |
US9156087B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2015-10-13 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Molten metal transfer system and rotor |
US9205490B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2015-12-08 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Transfer well system and method for making same |
US9328615B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2016-05-03 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Rotary degassers and components therefor |
US9382599B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2016-07-05 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Rotary degasser and rotor therefor |
US9409232B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2016-08-09 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Molten metal transfer vessel and method of construction |
US9410744B2 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2016-08-09 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Vessel transfer insert and system |
US9643247B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2017-05-09 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Molten metal transfer and degassing system |
US9903383B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2018-02-27 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Molten metal rotor with hardened top |
US9909808B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2018-03-06 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | System and method for degassing molten metal |
US10052688B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-08-21 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Transfer pump launder system |
US10138892B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2018-11-27 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Rotor and rotor shaft for molten metal |
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US11358216B2 (en) | 2019-05-17 | 2022-06-14 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | System for melting solid metal |
US11873845B2 (en) | 2021-05-28 | 2024-01-16 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Molten metal transfer device |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20050013715A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Cooper Paul V. | System for releasing gas into molten metal |
US7470392B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2008-12-30 | Cooper Paul V | Molten metal pump components |
US7402276B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2008-07-22 | Cooper Paul V | Pump with rotating inlet |
US7906068B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2011-03-15 | Cooper Paul V | Support post system for molten metal pump |
US8613884B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2013-12-24 | Paul V. Cooper | Launder transfer insert and system |
US8156831B2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2012-04-17 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Apparatus, method and system for reducing adhesive wear on a power take-off shaft |
US8449814B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2013-05-28 | Paul V. Cooper | Systems and methods for melting scrap metal |
US8714914B2 (en) | 2009-09-08 | 2014-05-06 | Paul V. Cooper | Molten metal pump filter |
KR101261422B1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2013-05-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | Molten metal level measuring sensor unit |
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JPS62205236A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-09-09 | Showa Alum Corp | Contact member with molten metal |
JPH01191752A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-01 | Showa Denko Kk | Graphite tube for introducing gas for treatment of molten aluminum |
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2000
- 2000-08-04 GB GB0019088A patent/GB2365513A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-01-29 US US10/089,930 patent/US20020185794A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-29 EP EP01902505A patent/EP1218308A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-01-29 JP JP2002517450A patent/JP2004505779A/en active Pending
- 2001-01-29 CA CA002377897A patent/CA2377897A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-29 AU AU30363/01A patent/AU755199B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-29 WO PCT/GB2001/000347 patent/WO2002012147A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62205236A (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1987-09-09 | Showa Alum Corp | Contact member with molten metal |
JPH01191752A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-08-01 | Showa Denko Kk | Graphite tube for introducing gas for treatment of molten aluminum |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 013, no. 487 (C - 649) 6 November 1989 (1989-11-06) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 12, no. 059 (C - 478) 23 February 1988 (1988-02-23) * |
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US10458708B2 (en) | 2007-06-21 | 2019-10-29 | Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc | Transferring molten metal from one structure to another |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2365513A (en) | 2002-02-20 |
JP2004505779A (en) | 2004-02-26 |
GB0019088D0 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
US20020185794A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
EP1218308A1 (en) | 2002-07-03 |
AU3036301A (en) | 2002-02-18 |
CA2377897A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
AU755199B2 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
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