WO2002030483A1 - Moisture curable balloon materials - Google Patents
Moisture curable balloon materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002030483A1 WO2002030483A1 PCT/US2001/018515 US0118515W WO0230483A1 WO 2002030483 A1 WO2002030483 A1 WO 2002030483A1 US 0118515 W US0118515 W US 0118515W WO 0230483 A1 WO0230483 A1 WO 0230483A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- balloon
- hydrolyzable
- polymeric material
- hydrolyzable silane
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/1027—Making of balloon catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
- A61M2025/1088—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having special surface characteristics depending on material properties or added substances, e.g. for reducing friction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
- Y10T428/1345—Single layer [continuous layer]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1386—Natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like compound containing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the preparation of thin films useful in medical devices, and in particular in the manufacture of medical dilatation balloons, formed from a durable polymeric composition crosslinked upon exposure to moisture through --Si— O— Si— linkages. More particularly, the balloons are formed from the reaction product of at least one organofunctional hydrolyzable silane and at least one polymer, the reaction product of which is crosslinked by exposure to moisture.
- the crosslinked structure increases the toughness, abrasion resistance, durability and dimension stability of the material during both manufacturing procedures and during use.
- Balloon catheters are used in procedures relating to the treatment of stenoses or blockages in body vessels, an example of which is an arterial stenosis which is commonly treated by angioplasty procedures which involve the insertion of balloon catheters into the affected blood vessel of the patient.
- the balloon may function to widen a vessel into which the catheter is inserted, to force open a blocked vessel to open the blocked or collapsed blood vessel, or to prop open the a collapsed vessel.
- the requirements for strength and size of the balloons vary widely depending on the balloon's intended use and the vessel size into which the catheter is inserted. Perhaps the most demanding applications for such balloons are in balloon angioplasty in which catheters are inserted for long distances into extremely small vessels and used to open stenoses of blood vessels by balloon inflation. Balloon angioplasty requires extremely thin walled, high strength (i.e. high tensile), relatively inelastic balloons of predictable inflation properties.
- Thin walls are necessary because the balloon's wall and waist thicknesses limit the minimum diameter of the distal end of the catheter and therefore determine the limits on vessel size treatable by the method and the ease of passage of the catheter through the vascular system.
- High strength is necessary because the balloon is used to push open a stenosis and so the thin wall must not burst under the high internal pressures necessary to accomplish this task.
- the balloon must have some elasticity so that the inflated diameter can be controlled, so as to allow the surgeon to vary the balloon's diameter as required to treat individual lesions, but that elasticity must be relatively low so that the diameter is easily controllable. Small variations in pressure must not cause wide variation in diameter.
- catheter balloons are often made of biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or a polyamide material such as nylon 12. These materials, however, tend to be less elastic, and have less resilience. Balloon catheters may also be made of more elastic materials such as polyolefins or polyolefin copolymers, but typically, in order to achieve the high tensile strength, the balloon walls must be made thicker.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- nylon 12 polyamide material
- Balloon catheters may also be made of more elastic materials such as polyolefins or polyolefin copolymers, but typically, in order to achieve the high tensile strength, the balloon walls must be made thicker.
- the balloons can be coated with a more abrasion resistant material, but coatings add a step during the manufacturing process, typically decrease flexibility, and also typically increase the wall thickness.
- a balloon catheter which is thin walled, durable, abrasion and tear resistant thereby improving the resistance to pinhole formation, and is relatively flexible, yet inelastic to allow the balloons to expand outwardly to a predetermined diameter, and then cease further expansion at normal pressures, to avoid damage to the artery wall by overexpansion.
- the present invention relates to a medical device such as a balloon catheter comprising a dilatation balloon wherein said balloon comprises a moisture cured polymeric material which is crosslinked through — Si-O-Si— linkages.
- a catheter balloon comprising the reaction product of at least one polymer and at least one organofunctional hydrolyzable silane having an organofunctional group capable of readily reacting with the moieties on the polymer backbone.
- the silane is grafted onto the polymer backbone and the hydrolyzable groups of the silane are activated by moisture, crosslinking the structure through --Si-O-Si-- linkages.
- the present invention further relates to a medical device comprising a dilatation balloon formed from a crosslinked polymeric material, the crosslinked polymeric material comprises the reaction product of at least one polymer and at least one hydrolyzable silane having the following general structure:
- X is a monovalent non-hydrolyzable organic moiety comprising at least one functional group W which is reactive with said polymer with the proviso that an Si-C bond is present between Si and W
- Y is a hydrolyzable group
- Z is a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- m is an integer from 1 to 3.
- the hydrolyzable silane groups, Y of the silane are then activated with moisture to form a durable, tough, high strength, excellent abrasion resistant polymeric material crosslinked through — Si— O— Si— linkages.
- the balloon structure also has dimension stability during both manufacturing procedures and in use.
- the high strength crosslinked material allows the balloons to be manufactured having of a relatively thin walled structure.
- the present invention further relates to a method of forming a catheter balloon comprising the steps of providing at least one polymeric material at or above its melt temperature, providing at least one organofunctional hydrolyzable silane compound, extruding the polymeric material and the organofunctional hydrolyzable silane compound into a tubular preform at a temperature wherein the polymeric material and the hydrolyzable silane react, forming the tubular preform into a balloon preform, blowing the balloon preform into a balloon, and exposing the balloon or balloon preform to water.
- the hydrolyzable groups on the silane are activated by moisture forming a durable polymeric material crosslinked through --Si-O-Si— linkages..
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a dilatation catheter having attached at its distal end, a catheter balloon of the present invention depicted in its inflated state.
- the present invention relates to medical balloons that are made of a durable polymeric material crosslinked through —Si-O-Si— linkages.
- the method of preparing the medical balloons of the present invention involves the grafting of hydrolyzable silanes onto a polymer backbone and then moisture curing the resultant polymeric structure.
- the hydrolyzable groups of the silane are activated upon exposure to moisture forming durable — Si— O— Si— linkages.
- the general reaction scheme representative of the grafting/moisture curing reaction of the present invention generally involves a two-step reaction process in which the first step is the reaction between the hydrolyzable silane compound and the polymer at melt in the absence of moisture, and the second step is the crosslinking reaction in which the hydrolyzable groups of the silane are activated with moisture forming the durable — Si ⁇ O ⁇ Si- linkages.
- This two step process can be represented by the following general reaction scheme.
- the first step of the diagram illustrates the reaction between the polymer and the hydrolyzable silane compound.
- the second and third reactions illustrate hydrolysis and condensation of the polymer to form the —Si— O— Si— linkages.
- the latter two reactions occur basically simultaneously and are considered to be the second step. ⁇ 3H 2 0
- the silanes useful herein include those having hydrolyzable groups, each of which is bonded to the silicon atom and that will effectively graft and crosslink to a polymer backbone.
- Hydrolyzable groups include Cj to C 12 alkoxy groups, in particular the lower to C 4 alkoxy groups such as methoxy or ethoxy, C 2 to C 4 acryloxy, up to about C 6 (poly)alkoxyalkoxy, phenoxy, oxime, amine, halogen groups including chlorine, fluorine and bromine, and so forth.
- hydrolyzable groups including the alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy and the acryloxy groups are used.
- the hydrolyzable groups, the alkoxy groups for instance, will be activated by moisture to form durable structures crosslinked through — Si-O— Si— linkages.
- organofunctional hydrolyzable silanes useful herein may be broadly represented by the following general structure:
- X is a monovalent non-hydrolyzable organic moiety comprising at least one functional group W which is reactive with the polymeric material to which the silane is to be grafted with the proviso that at least one Si-C bond is present between Si and W
- Y is a hydrolyzable group
- Z is a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- m is an integer from 1 to 3.
- the hydrolyzable silane is useful from about 0.05 wt-% to about 20 wt-% of the polymer/silane composition.
- W may be, but is not limited to, (meth)acrylamido, (meth)acryloxy, carboxyl, epoxy, amino, ureido, isocyanato, thiocyanato, mercapto, haloalkyl, styryl, vinyl, allyl, sulfonyl azide, acid anhydride, or carboxylic acid esters of aromatic alcohols, the alcohols of which have 2 to 15 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
- X is epoxycylohexyl, glycidoxypropyl, isocyanatopropyl, vinyl or allyl.
- Other examples of X include, but are not limited to, 3-acryloxypropyl, 3-methacryloxypropyl, 3 -glycidoxypropyl,
- Y is C ⁇ to C 4 alkoxy
- m is 2 or 3.
- Some examples of specific unsaturated silanes represented by formula II) above that are useful herein include, but are not limited to, those that comprise an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbyl group, such as a vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, cyclohexenyl or ⁇ -(meth)acryloxyalkyl group, and a hydrolyzable group, such as, for example, a hydrocarbyloxy, hydrocarbonyloxy, or hydrocarbylamino group.
- hydrolyzable groups include methoxy, ethoxy, formyloxy, acetoxy, proprionyloxy, and alkyl or arylamino groups.
- Preferred silanes of this category are the unsaturated alkoxy silanes which can be grafted onto the polymer.
- hydrolyzable silanes useful herein include those represented by the following general formula:
- R' is a hydrogen atom or lower Cj to C 4 alkyl, particularly methyl; x and y are 0 or 1 with the proviso that when x is 1, y is 1 ; n is an integer from 1 to 12 inclusive, preferably 1 to 4, and each R independently is a hydrolyzable organic group such as an alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy), aryloxy group (e.g. phenoxy), araloxy group (e.g. benzyloxy), aliphatic acyloxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g.
- silanes useful herein include but are not limited to, 3 -acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3 -methacryloxypropyltimethoxy silane, 3-methacryloxypropyltris(methoxyethoxy)silane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3 ,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy silane, (3 -aminopropyl)methyldiethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl)phenethyltrimethoxysilane, 3 -( 1 -amino
- Suitable polymers include, but are not limited to, polyolefms such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and substantially linear ethylene and propylene ⁇ - olefins; acrylic polymers; copolymers of olef ⁇ ns and acrylic acid ester copolymers thermoplastic or elastomeric polyurethanes; thermoplastic or elastomeric polyesters; polyamides; polysulfones; polyvinyls; and so forth.
- polyolefms such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and substantially linear ethylene and propylene ⁇ - olefins
- acrylic polymers copolymers of olef ⁇ ns and acrylic acid ester copolymers thermoplastic or elastomeric polyurethanes
- thermoplastic or elastomeric polyesters thermoplastic or elastomeric polyesters
- polyamides polysulfones
- polyvinyls polyvinyls
- an amino functional polymer is reacted with an isocyanate functional hydrolyzable silane.
- Poly(meth)acrylate polymers having pendant hydroxy groups thereon can be also be reacted with isocyanato functional alkoxysilanes.
- These types of reactions have been found to have particular utility herein.
- an example of a reaction between the isocyanate functional silane compound, isocyanatopropyltriethoxy silane, and an amine containing polymer may be represented by the following general reaction scheme:
- a specific method of grafting an unsaturated hydrolyzable silane onto the backbone of a polymer is by a free radical mechanism in which a free radical initiator, such as an organic peroxide, is used.
- the following reaction mechanism is representative of an unsaturated silane, i.e. in this case a vinyl containing silane, reacted onto a polmer backbone by a free radical mechanism using a peroxide as the free radical initiator.
- the second part of the reaction process is a moisture curing step in which the hydrolyzable alkoxy groups of the silane in the presence of moisture, react to form polymers which are crosslinked by the presence of —Si— O— Si— linkages.
- These crosslinked polymers provide structures which are more durable, abrasion resistant, tear resistant and dimensionally stable during sterilization than non-crosslinked polymeric materials.
- the resultant crosslinked material finds particular utility in medical devices, especially in angioplasty catheter balloons where the durability and toughness are especially important.
- a tubular preform is first prepared by mild blending and extruding the amine containing polymeric material and the functional silane compound together at a temperature of greater than the metling temperature of the polymer(s) in the absence of moisture.
- the tubular preform may be prepared using any extrusion techniques known in the art.
- the tubular preform may then be fed into a balloon mold.
- the balloon is then exposed to moisture in some form in order to produce the crosslinked balloon structure of the present invention.
- This exposure to moisture may occur by actually forming the balloon in a water bath at temperatures and pressures typically used for balloon formation, or it may occur after balloon formation, for instance by placing the already formed balloon in a water bath with or without pressure.
- Balloons are typically formed using a blow molding technique.
- balloon formation may be carried out in any conventional manner with conventional extrusion and blowing techniques, but basically there are three major steps in the process which include extruding the tubular preform, blow molding the balloon and annealing the balloon.
- the preform may be axially stretched and/or biaxially oriented before it is blown. General techniques for balloon formation are discussed in U.S. Patent No.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of dilatation catheter shown in its inflated state having attached at its distal end a catheter balloon shown generally at 10.
- Catheter balloon 14 is formed of the crosslinked polymeric material of the present invention and is conventional in its structure having a body portion 12, cone portions 14 and waist portion 16.
- the moisture cured polymeric materials of the present invention may be utilized in any catheter balloon configuration capable of being formed from a polymeric material, and that numerous modifications can be made to these structures without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
- the exposure of the alkoxy groups of the silane to moisture results in the crosslinking reaction.
- the balloon may be kept in the hot water bath under pressure and tension at conventional molding temperatures such as in the range of about
- the resultant process for manufacturing the improved balloons of the present invention is thus very simple without the introduction of extra steps into the process of preparing the tubular preform.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002533922A JP2004518460A (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | Moisture-curable balloon material |
AT01944353T ATE301479T1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | MOISTURE CURING BALLOON MATERIAL |
AU2001266775A AU2001266775A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | Moisture curable balloon materials |
DE60112598T DE60112598T2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | MOISTURE HARDENING BALLOON MATERIAL |
EP01944353A EP1324784B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | Moisture curable balloon materials |
CA002425261A CA2425261A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | Moisture curable balloon materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/689,139 | 2000-10-12 | ||
US09/689,139 US6946174B1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2000-10-12 | Moisture curable balloon materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002030483A1 true WO2002030483A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
Family
ID=24767203
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/018515 WO2002030483A1 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-06-08 | Moisture curable balloon materials |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6946174B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1324784B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004518460A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE301479T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001266775A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2425261A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60112598T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002030483A1 (en) |
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US7776351B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2010-08-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Moisture curable materials for delivery of agents, methods, and medical devices |
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US9125968B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2015-09-08 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Polymeric/ceramic composite materials for use in medical devices |
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US8141282B2 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2012-03-27 | Esselte Corporation | Filing device with retractable tabs |
JP5296875B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-09-25 | カーディアック ペースメイカーズ, インコーポレイテッド | Surface modification to improve lead lubricity, wear resistance and thermoelasticity |
US11291483B2 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2022-04-05 | 206 Ortho, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating bone fractures, and/or for fortifying and/or augmenting bone, including the provision and use of composite implants |
WO2015095745A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2015-06-25 | 206 Ortho, Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating bone fractures, and/or for fortifying and/or augmenting bone, including the provision and use of composite implants, and novel composite structures which may be used for medical and non-medical applications |
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Also Published As
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US7182906B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 |
DE60112598D1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
EP1324784A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
JP2004518460A (en) | 2004-06-24 |
US20070073378A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
US6946174B1 (en) | 2005-09-20 |
ATE301479T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
US20050238831A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1324784B1 (en) | 2005-08-10 |
DE60112598T2 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
CA2425261A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
AU2001266775A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
US8137777B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
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