WO2002031843A1 - Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery - Google Patents
Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002031843A1 WO2002031843A1 PCT/US2000/014854 US0014854W WO0231843A1 WO 2002031843 A1 WO2002031843 A1 WO 2002031843A1 US 0014854 W US0014854 W US 0014854W WO 0231843 A1 WO0231843 A1 WO 0231843A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- oligomer
- resins
- metal
- insulated
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
- H01B3/421—Polyesters
Definitions
- the invention relates to high dielectric strength capability epoxy resins, utilizing epoxy chromium ionic bonding within chromium intercalated silicate material upon cure, to provide a high voltage epoxy resin matrix for the intercalated silicate.
- These resins can be used for a wide variety of insulation applications for generator stators and rotors.
- the high dielectric strength will allow its use as very thin insulation and permit low-cost dip coating or spraying procedures to be used.
- Mica a group of silicates, such as KAl 2 AlSi 3 O ⁇ o(OH) 2 (muscovite) or KMg 3 AlSi 3 0i 0 (OH) 2 (phlogopite) , has been long been a key component of high voltage electrical insulation in electrical machines over 7 Kv, because of its particularly high dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, high resistivity, excellent thermal stability and excellent corona resistance.
- mica is used in the form of flakes on a glass fabric backing, which provides mechanical integrity required for machine wrapping of coils, as shown for example in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,112,183 and 4,254,351 (Smith and Smith et al . ) , respectively.
- the problems associated with the VPI process are primarily the result of the several steps involved: (1) bake out of the coil, (2) evacuation, (3) impregnation, and (4) curing. Each step is time-consuming and must be carried out correctly in order to produce a finished coil which meets the electrical and mechanical requirements. The process time and scrap coils represent significant increased cost of the coil fabrication method.
- Drljaca et al in "Intercalation of Montmorillonite with Individual Chromium (III) Hydrolytic Oligomers", Vol. 31, No. 23, 1992, pp. 4894-4897, taught chromium inserted/intercalated pillared clays as having sorptive and catalytic properties and possible substitutes for zeolites, that is, sodium or calcium aluminosilicates used for ion exchange water softening. Drljaca et al . further described, in "A New Method for Generating Chromium (III) Intercalated Clays," Inorganica Chimica Acta, 256, 1997, pp. 151-154, Cr (III) dimer reaction with other dimer units to form planar sheets for intercalation into montmorillonite clays,
- Miller further describes the platelets as having a high "aspect ratio, " that is, high width compared to thickness, where molecular bonds are formed between the platelets and a polymer during compounding.
- the clay producers such as Nancor Inc. and AMCOL Intl., chemically stretch, that is, "open” the spacing between the platelets from about 4 Angstrom Units, about 0.0004 micrometer, to a thickness such that organic resin molecules can directly ionically or covalently attach to the platelet surface, allowing the platelet to directly react into the polymer structure during subsequent polymerization/compounding.
- the platelet bundles are also exfoliated into individual platelets by the clay producers to aid in polymerization/compounding.
- the molecular "tail” Miller states, has the chemical functionality to overcome the incompatibility between the hydrophilic (having an affinity for water) clay and the hydrophobic (water- repelling) organic polymer and enable them to directly form a molecular bond, that is, directly intercalate the polymer into the nanoclay.
- additional uses appear to be thermoplastic resin gas barrier packaging, microwavable containers, and epoxy resin circuit boards.
- the salt will have a phenol group (for phenolic resin) , an epoxy group (for epoxy resin) and a polybutadiene group (for acrylonitrilebutadienerubber) .
- Yano and Usuki et al . of Toyota R&D in "Synthesis and Properties of Polyamide - Clay Hybrid", Journal of- Polymer Science, Part A, Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 31, 1993, pp. 2493-2498, describe use of montmorillonite intercalated with an ammonium salt of dodecylamine as an aligned filler in a polyamide resin hybrid, for use as a gas barrier film.
- montmorillonite was mixed with hot water to disperse the sodium, which was then replaced with the ammonium salt of dodecylamine which then interacted with dimethylacetamide (“DMAC”) to "open” the platelets of montmorillonite.
- DMAC dimethylacetamide
- the intercalated montmorillonite was then simply dispersed into a polyamide matrix and cast as a film, where the montmorillonite oriented parallel to the film surface to provide barriers to gas permeation.
- an electrically conducting member insulated with a coating of a resin interactive with and bonded to an oligomer which contains a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Zn and mixtures thereof, said oligomer disposed within an Al-Si-0 containing structure, wherein said structure constitutes from about 3 wt.% to 35 wt% of the resin weight.
- the coating is from 0.1 cm to 0.3 cm thick, and is dip coated, sprayed or extruded onto a substrate such as a conductor, where the conductor can be metal coil for dynamoelectric machinery, such as 7 Kv or higher electrical generators .
- the invention also resides in a method of making a resinous coating suitable for use as an electrical insulation, comprising the steps of (a) providing an oligomer containing ⁇ f " metal """ selected from “the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Zn and mixtures thereof; (b) providing a solid Al.Si.O based material having a platelet form and having spaces between their constituent platelets, which spaces are capable of being expanded; (c) providing a liquid resin selected from the group consisting of polyepoxide resins, styrenated polyepoxide resins, polyester , resins and 1, 2-polybutadiene resins, which resins can interact and polymerize in the presence of Cr, Sr, and Zn; (d) inserting the metal containing oligomer into the spaces within the solid Al.Si-0 based material; and (e) causing the liquid resin and the solid metal inserted Al.Si-0 based material to contact each other to form a resinous admixture such that the metal
- Further stemps can include (f) applying the resinous admixture to a substrate; and then (g) heating the metal inserted Al.Si-0 liquid resin admixture so that the resin interacts with the metal causing interaction of the liquid resin and the oligomer and polymerization of the resin around and with the Al.Si.O solids to provide Al.Si.0 2 solids within a cured polymerized solid matrix of resin.
- Particularly useful resins are solventless polyepoxide (epoxy) resins, styrenated polyepoxide resins, polyester resins, and 1, 2-polybutadiene resins, all of which can interact and polymerize in the catalytic presence of Cr, Sr and Zn.
- the preferred Al.Si.O structure is montmorillonite and the preferred oligomer is a Cr(III) oligometer.
- the voltage endurance of these materials greater than 1000 hours at 7.5 Kv/mm (188 volts/mil), and generally within the much higher range of 2800-3000 hrs . @ 188 volts/mil.
- the normal range of, for example, unfilled epoxy resin is 1000 hrs @ 188 volts/mil, thus the resins of this invention can be applied in thicknesses below 0.063 cm (0.025 inch) for voltages up to 35 Kv.
- FIG. 1 which best shows the invention, is a cross sectional view of an encapsulated electrical article having a thin spray coating of the insulation of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a motor, containing coils insulated with a thin dip coated or extruded layer of the insulation of this invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of generator, containing coils insulated with a thin dip coated or extruded layer of the insulation of this invention
- FIG. 4 is an idealized schematic of a reaction sequence used in this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a comparative graph of Average Lifetime of a control sample (A) and the intercalated material (B) of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is the chemical structural formula of one resinous composition that can be used in this invention.
- FIG. . 7A is one chemical structural formula corresponding to R shown in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 7B is an alternate chemical structural formula corresponding to R shown in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is the chemical structural formula of a bisphenol epoxide used in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a chemical structural formula of a polymer of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is an additional chemical structural formula of an oligomer of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a chemical structural formula of dimer chains formed by reactions between oligomers of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a table providing comparisons of the charge/radius ratio of various cations according to the present- invention.
- FIG. 14 is a table providing short-term voltage breakdown data for various intercalated clays according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 of the drawings an insulated electrical member, such as a coil 2 is shown, which has leads 4, potted in a thin cured insulating casing 6, the casing being the resinous composition of this invention applied to the member.
- FIG. 1 is thus illustrative of certain articles of the invention, namely, electrical or electronic components potted or encapsulated in the applied compositions of this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a motor 20 in cross section.
- the motor comprises a metal armature 21 having slots 22 therein, containing insulated coils 23, surrounded by a metal stator 24 having slots 25 therein about the stator circumference at 26.
- the stator slots contain insulated coils 27. All the insulation coated on the coil substrates 23 and 27 can compose the resinous compositions of this invention.
- FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a generator 30 in cross section.
- the generator comprises substrate components such as a metal rotor 31 having slots 32 therein, containing insulated coils 33, surrounded by a metal stator 34 having slots 35 therein about the stator circumference at 36.
- the stator slots contain insulated coils 37 and may also contain inner cooling channels not shown. All the insulation coated on the coils 33 and 37 can comprise the resinous compositions of this invention.
- a suitable solvent for example a ketone Chromium (III) 2.4- pentanedionate
- the intercalated mica, clay or the like, 43' is shown in step (2) mixed with a suitable resinous composition 44.
- Oligomer-metal containing the range of Al.Si.0 2 to resin is from about 3 wt% to 35 wt%, preferably 5 wt% to 20 wt%.
- the resinous composition 44 Upon heating the resinous composition 44 will chain link to form polymers 46 around and within the Al.Si.O material 43 as shown in step (3) of FIG. 4.
- transition metal salt can be guided by considering the charge/size ratio.
- One mechanism by which mica is effective at scavenging free electrons is the presence of K + ions in the lattice galleries. These ions are typically held very tightly and are very effective scavengers of free electrons .
- the transition metal ions have higher charge and smaller size, thus having a much higher charge/size ratio.
- Some examples are provided in the table shown in Figure 13.
- the concept is that replacing K + ions in these lattice galleries with metal ions gives insulation materials with even more effective partial discharge protection (and hence longer voltage endurance) than is found with mica. This is because the higher charge/radius ratio of these metal ions will give more efficient deenergizing of the fast electrons which are responsible for damaging insulation materials.
- the resulting composition can be applied to an electrical member, for example, a wire, or coil, an electronic component or the like.
- the insulating effect of the composition is extraordinary and will be such that it can be applied in cross-sections as thin as 0.06 cm.
- the type of mica-type silicate used in this experiment was montmorrillonite silicate clay (Tradename "K- 10") from the Aldrich Chemical Co. This material had the following characteristics: a free-flowing white powder, with a particle surface area of 220-270 m 2 /g and a bulk density of 300-370 g/1.
- the voltage will exceed 35 Kv before breakdown will occur.
- the dielectric strength voltage breakdown value is then calculated from the voltage at breakdown divided by the sample thickness (Volts/mil) .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE60013650T DE60013650T2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | SUPERDIELECTRIC HIGH VOLTAGE INSULATION FOR DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE |
EP00941159A EP1290701B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery |
JP2002535140A JP4499353B2 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulator for rotating electrical machines |
PCT/US2000/014854 WO2002031843A1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery |
KR10-2001-7015132A KR100433914B1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/014854 WO2002031843A1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002031843A1 true WO2002031843A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
Family
ID=21741435
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/014854 WO2002031843A1 (en) | 2000-05-30 | 2000-05-30 | Superdielectric high voltage insulation for dynamoelectric machinery |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1290701B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4499353B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100433914B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60013650T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002031843A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017178195A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Huntsman Advanced Materials Licensing (Switzerland) Gmbh | Improved resin-rich mica tape |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005239765A (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Totoku Electric Co Ltd | Inorganic filler-dispersed insulating paint and insulated wire |
JP2007336725A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | Denso Corp | Stator of rotating electric machine |
DE102020117995A1 (en) | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Electric machine for a motor vehicle, use of such an electric machine and motor vehicle |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4204181A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1980-05-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electrical coil, insulated by cured resinous insulation |
US4254351A (en) * | 1977-04-05 | 1981-03-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Metal acetylacetonate latent accelerators for an epoxy-styrene resin system |
US4889885A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1989-12-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Composite material containing a layered silicate |
GB2314335A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-24 | Denso Corp | Clay composite material |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4442138A (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1984-04-10 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Substrate pretreatment with a metal-beta keto ester complex in the method of curing an anaerobic resin |
-
2000
- 2000-05-30 EP EP00941159A patent/EP1290701B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-30 DE DE60013650T patent/DE60013650T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-30 WO PCT/US2000/014854 patent/WO2002031843A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-30 KR KR10-2001-7015132A patent/KR100433914B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-30 JP JP2002535140A patent/JP4499353B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4204181A (en) * | 1976-04-27 | 1980-05-20 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electrical coil, insulated by cured resinous insulation |
US4254351A (en) * | 1977-04-05 | 1981-03-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Metal acetylacetonate latent accelerators for an epoxy-styrene resin system |
US4889885A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1989-12-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Composite material containing a layered silicate |
GB2314335A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-24 | Denso Corp | Clay composite material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DRLJACA, A. ET AL: "A new method for generating chromium(III) intercalated clays", INORG. CHIM. ACTA (1997), 256(1), 151-154, XP002149546 * |
DRLJACA, A. ET AL: "Intercalation of montmorillonite with individual chromium(III) hydrolytic oligomers", INORG. CHEM. (1992), 31(23), 4894-7, XP000952007 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017178195A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-10-19 | Huntsman Advanced Materials Licensing (Switzerland) Gmbh | Improved resin-rich mica tape |
CN109155164A (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-01-04 | 亨斯迈先进化工材料许可(瑞士)有限公司 | The improved resiniferous mica tape of richness |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1290701B1 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
KR100433914B1 (en) | 2004-06-04 |
JP4499353B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
KR20020075205A (en) | 2002-10-04 |
EP1290701A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
DE60013650T2 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
JP2004511882A (en) | 2004-04-15 |
DE60013650D1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
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