WO2002033232B1 - Control system for scr applications - Google Patents

Control system for scr applications

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Publication number
WO2002033232B1
WO2002033232B1 PCT/US2001/032029 US0132029W WO0233232B1 WO 2002033232 B1 WO2002033232 B1 WO 2002033232B1 US 0132029 W US0132029 W US 0132029W WO 0233232 B1 WO0233232 B1 WO 0233232B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nox
catalyst
temperature
reductant
nox emissions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/032029
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002033232A3 (en
WO2002033232A2 (en
Inventor
Joseph A Patchett
Rudolfus Petrus Verbeek
Karl Richard Grimston
Gary Wayne Rice
John Lawrence Calabrese
Genderen Mathijs Van
Original Assignee
Tno Automotive
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tno Automotive filed Critical Tno Automotive
Priority to AU2001296837A priority Critical patent/AU2001296837A1/en
Priority to DE60113147T priority patent/DE60113147T2/en
Priority to JP2002536191A priority patent/JP4074517B2/en
Priority to KR1020037005338A priority patent/KR100844730B1/en
Priority to AT01977743T priority patent/ATE303506T1/en
Priority to EP01977743A priority patent/EP1339955B1/en
Publication of WO2002033232A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002033232A2/en
Publication of WO2002033232A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002033232A3/en
Publication of WO2002033232B1 publication Critical patent/WO2002033232B1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/12—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in solid form, e.g. pellets or powder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0404—Methods of control or diagnosing using a data filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
    • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1808—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Feedback Control In General (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

A diesel powered vehicle is provided with an SCR system (50, 51, 54, 56, 42) which uses an external reducing reagent to convert Nox emissions in a manner which accounts for the effects of Nox transient emissions of the reducing catalyst. Actual Nox emissions produced by the engine are filtered using a variable Nox time constant in turn correlated to the reductant/Nox storage capacity of the reducing catalyst at its current temperature to account for changes in the SCR system attributed to Nox transient emissions. Catalyst temperature is filtered using a variable catalyst time constant corresponding to current space velocity of the exhaust gas to account for changes in the catalyst temperature attributed to Nox transient emissions. The reductant is metered on the basis of the filtered, corrected Nox concentration applied at a NSR ration based, in turn, on the filtered, corrected reducing catalyst (42) temperature.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 2 July 2002 (02.07.02); original claims 1, 4, 5, 11, 12, 30, 40, 46 and 48 amended; remaining claims unchanged (8 pages)]
Having thus defined the invention, it is claimed:
1) A method for reducing NOx emissions produced in mobile internal combustion engine applications by an external reductant supplied to an SCR system having a reducing catalyst comprising the steps of: a) sensing one or more engine operating parameters to predict a concentration of NOx emissions indicative of the actual quantity of NOx emissions produced by the engine; b) when the actual concentration of NOx emissions changes and the temperature of said reducing catalyst is within a set range, varying the actual concentration of NOx emissions by a time constant to produce a calculated concentration of NOx emissions different than the actual concentration of NOx emissions; said time constant determined as a function of the relative time it takes for any given fresh reducing catalyst to store said reductant at any given temperature within said set range and ineffective to change the actual concentration of emissions when the catalyst temperature is above said set range; and, c) metering the external reductant to the reducing catalyst in said SCR system at a rate sufficient to cause the reducing catalyst to reduce said calculated concentration of NOx emissions whereby metering of the reductant accounts for the effects on said SCR system attributed to transient NOx emissions.
2) The method of claim 1 wherein when said actual NOx emissions increase, said time constant results in a calculated NOx emission concentration which is less than the increased actual NOx emissions produced by said internal combustion engine.
3) The method of claim 2 wherein when said actual NOx
73 emissions decrease, said time constant results in a calculated NOx emission concentration which is greater than the decreased actual NOx emissions produced by said internal combustion engine.
4) The method of claim 3 wherein said time constant is empirically determined for any given reducing catalyst.
5) The method of claim 4 wherein the change in actual emissions is positively determined to be increasing or decreasing by considering the rate of change of the temperature of the catalyst with respect to time according to the relationship dT/dt where T is the reducing catalyst temperature and t is time, said change effective to stop metering when dT/dt indicates a deceleration has occurred.
6) The method of claim 1 further including the step of ceasing reductant metering when the temperature of said reducing catalyst is below said range or when the engine is decelerating.
7) The method of claim 1 wherein said time constant is a variable correlated to the time any given catalyst can store and/or release a given quantity of reductant at a given catalyst temperature within said set catalyst temperature range, said storage time decreasing as said catalyst temperature increases within said set temperature range.
8) The method of claim 7 wherein said reductant is ammonia and the storage and release capacity of said reducing catalyst includes the surface area of said catalyst over which said exhaust gases flow and the number and strength of ammonia adsorption/absorption sites on said surface area.
74 9) The method of claim 8 wherein said storage capacity of said catalyst also includes the ability of said catalyst to store NOx at a given temperature within said catalyst •temperature range .
10) The method of claim 1 wherein said time constant is implemented through an NOx filter.
11) A method for reducing NOx emissions produced in mobile internal combustion engine applications by an external reductant supplied to an SCR system having a reducing catalyst comprising the steps of: a) sensing one or more engine operating parameters to predict a concentration of NOx emissions indicative of the actual quantity of NOx emissions produced by the engine; b) when the actual concentration of NOx emissions changes and the temperature of said reducing catalyst is within a set range, varying the actual concentration of NOx emissions by a time constant to produce a calculated concentration of NOx emissions different than the actual concentration of NOx emissions said time constant determined as a function of the time it takes for any given fresh reducing catalyst to store said reductant at a temperature within said set range; c) metering the external reductant to the reducing catalyst in said SCR system at a rate sufficient to cause the reducing catalyst to reduce said calculated concentration of NOx emissions whereby metering of the reductant accounts for the effects on said SCR system attributed to transient NOx emissions, and d) the said time constant is implemented through an NOx filter, and said NOx filter includes two first order filters in series with one another.
75 12) The method of claim 11 wherein said NOx filter in a continuous time domain filters the actual concentration of NOx emissions in accordance with the transfer function
Figure imgf000006_0001
where τx equals τ2 and is a function of the operation of said reducing catalyst.
13) The method of claim 12 wherein τ is a function of the temperature of said reducing catalyst correlated to the capacity of said reducing catalyst to at least store said reductant at said catalyst temperature and designated τN0x_
14) The method of claim 13 wherein said NOx filter is in discreet form and implemented by a microprocessor, said NOx filter in said discrete form including two first order filters in series with one another.
15) The method of claim 14 wherein the first NOx filter in discrete form is represented by difference equation
Λ „ N NOxEngOut n) - NOxFiiti n - 1) ,
NOxFiin(n) = — — - + NOxFun(n - ϊ) tNOxl
and the second NOx filter in discrete form is represented by difference equation
NOxFiit\(ή) - NOxFittι(n - 1) „
NOxFtt ) = — - + NOxFua(n - 1)
XNOxl where τN0xl equals τNOx2; NOxEng0ut is said actual NOx emissions; N0x tl is the NOx value after said first filter and is an intermediate value, and NOxFilt2 is said calculated NOx emissions .
76 j quantity of NOx emissions and factoring said calculated NOx emissions by said NSR to determine the rate at which said external reductant is to be metered to said reducing catalyst.
27) The method of claim 26 wherein said step of determining said NSR includes the step of using said functional catalyst temperature to select a NSR value representing a desired stoichiometric based relationship
> between said external reductant and said calculated NOx emissions.
28) The method of claim 12 further including the step of adjusting said NSR ratio by an additional factor correlated to the ageing of said reducing catalyst whereby the rate of injection is reduced as said reducing catalyst ages.
29) The method of claim 12 wherein said reducing catalyst is a zeolite or a mixture of titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and/or molybdenum oxide.
30) The method of claim 1 further including i) determining, by sensing or calculating, the temperature of the exhaust gases and the space velocity of the exhaust gases through the catalyst; and, j ii) filtering the exhaust gas temperature by a catalyst filter to generate the functional temperature of the catalyst, the catalyst filter implementing a time constant determined as a function of changing space velocity to filter the exhaust gas temperature.
31) The method of claim 30 wherein said exhaust gas temperature is the temperature of the exhaust gas, sensed or calculated, at the inlet of the reducing catalyst.
32) The method of claim 31 wherein said operating
77 where τ is a function of time such as implemented by a timer or the difference between catalyst temperature and ambient temperature at engine shut down.
39) The method of claim 30 further including the steps of sensing ambient temperature after shut down of the engine and filtering the catalyst temperature by a first order filter using a cool down time constant established as a function of time elapsed from engine shut down at any given catalyst temperature at shut down or as a function of the difference in temperature between ambient temperature and catalyst shut down temperature whereby the catalyst temperature upon engine restart is determined.
40) The method of claim 30 further including the steps of: means for factoring the functional catalyst temperature and the space velocity to generate a NSR signal indicative of a normalized stoichiometric ratio of reductant to NOx emissions; and, means for metering the reductant to the reducing catalyst by factoring the calculated NOx value by the NSR signal to produce a metering signal controlling a metering device for the external reductant.
41) The system of claim 40 wherein said means for filtering said NOx emissions includes an NOx filter and said means for filtering said exhaust gas temperature includes a catalyst filter; both said NOx and catalyst filters operable in a continuous time domain to perform a transfer function represented by the differential equation
H(s) s + I τ i - s + 1
78 represented by difference equation
TCatFua(n) = n - ϊ
Figure imgf000009_0001
where τCAT1 equals τCAT2; TExhaust is said exhaust gas temperature; TCat tl is the catalyst temperature after first filter, intermediate temperature and TCatFilt2 is said functional catalyst temperature.
45) The system of claim 44 wherein said reducing catalyst is a zeolite or a mixture of titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and/or molybdenum oxide.
46) A method for controlling dosage of an external reductant supplied to an SCR system including a reducing catalyst in a mobile application having an IC engine to account for transient NOx emissions produced by the engine, said method comprising the steps of: a) determining the actual NOx emissions produced by the engine to generate an NOx actual signal; b) filtering the NOx actual signal when the reducing catalyst is within a set temperature change to produce a variable delay in the NOx actual signal, said delay determined as a function of the relative time it takes for any given reducing catalyst to store said reductant to a saturated condition at any given temperature within said set temperature change and ineffective to change said NOx actual signal when the temperature of said catalyst is above said set range; and c) metering the reductant in real time at the value of the delayed NOx actual signal.
47) The method of claim 46 where the filtering step is effected by an NOx filter having an NOx time constant determined as a function of the capacity of the reducing catalyst at the temperature of the catalyst. 48) The method of claim 47 wherein said time constant is an empirically determined variable correlated to the time any given catalyst can store and/or release a given quantity of reductant at a given catalyst temperature within said set catalyst temperature range, said storage time decreasing as said catalyst temperature increases within said set temperature range.
49) The method of claim 47 wherein said NOx filter in a continuous time domain filters the actual concentration of NOx emissions in accordance with the transfer function
Figure imgf000010_0001
where τx equals τ2 and is a function of the operation of said reducing catalyst.
50) The method of claim 49 wherein said NOx filter is in discreet form and implemented by a microprocessor, said NOx filter in said discrete form including two first order filters in series with one another.
51) The method of claim 50 wherein the first NOx filter in discrete form is represented by difference equation
, , NOxEngθut(n) - NOxFiinCn - 1) NOxFna(n) = =— ^ — — - + NOxmι(n - 1)
TNOxl and the second NOx filter in discrete form is represented by difference equation
, „ NOxFtitAή) - NOxFit (n - 1) NOxFiit2(n) = — - + NOxFita(n - 1)
\NOx2
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