WO2002051284A2 - Applicator brushes and method for using same - Google Patents
Applicator brushes and method for using same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002051284A2 WO2002051284A2 PCT/US2001/050566 US0150566W WO02051284A2 WO 2002051284 A2 WO2002051284 A2 WO 2002051284A2 US 0150566 W US0150566 W US 0150566W WO 02051284 A2 WO02051284 A2 WO 02051284A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bristles
- applicator brush
- brush
- applicator
- polymeric material
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000118 hair dye Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012056 semi-solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229940034610 toothpaste Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000720 eyelash Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46D—MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
- A46D1/00—Bristles; Selection of materials for bristles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
- A45D34/00—Containers or accessories specially adapted for handling liquid toiletry or cosmetic substances, e.g. perfumes
- A45D34/04—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball
- A45D34/042—Appliances specially adapted for applying liquid, e.g. using roller or ball using a brush or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A46—BRUSHWARE
- A46B—BRUSHES
- A46B2200/00—Brushes characterized by their functions, uses or applications
- A46B2200/10—For human or animal care
- A46B2200/1046—Brush used for applying cosmetics
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to brushes and applicators. More particularly, the present invention relates to bristles, fibers and filaments that can be used in brushes and/or applicators, especially for cosmetic use.
- the bristles, fibers and filaments are made of polylactide polymer or polymer resin that, in turn, is derived from natural, renewable sources, such as plants.
- Applicator brushes are used to apply a variety of materials, such as, for example, hair dyes, medicaments, paints, toothpastes and cosmetic eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, nail polish, powder, and rouge.
- an applicator brush The broad purpose of an applicator brush is to pick up an adequate supply of a material from a container, carry it from the container to an application site, and apply the material uniformly and easily to the application site. More particularly, the applicator brush must meet several mechanical and aesthetic requirements. First, the applicator brush should have a certain stiffness or resiliency, yet have smooth feedback. Second, the applicator brush should have an affinity for the composition it is being used to apply, yet withstand contaminants, such as skin oils and environmental odors. Third, the applicator brush should have high wear resistance, ultraviolet light stability, elastic recovery, twist retention, and a pleasant, soft feel. For cosmetic brush applicators that are used for application of cosmetics, the pleasant, soft feel should include a silky and soft feel to the user's body.
- bristles, fibers and filaments have been developed with variations in characteristics, such as, for example, density, cross-section, number of twists, slip characteristics, wicking, shape, and core size.
- characteristics such as, for example, density, cross-section, number of twists, slip characteristics, wicking, shape, and core size.
- the variations in characteristics primarily depend on the intended use of the brush.
- conventional applicator brush bristles are made from nylon, polyester, polyether-block amides, and/or polytetraflouroethylene. Brush bristles made from these materials may have an acceptable degree of strength, stability, and wear resistance, however the bristles made with nylon and these other petrochemical-based synthetic materials consume a large amount of energy or fuel.
- nylon is made through the energy intense processes from hydrocarbon petroleum fuel stock. The source of supply of this stock can be limited and unpredictable, and the processes are expensive.
- nylon and these other petrochemical- based synthetics biodegrade extremely slowly, if at all.
- bristles that provide the same or improved mechanical and aesthetic properties, namely are formable into a broad range of bristle densities, cross-section and cross- sectional dimensions, various number of twists, unique shapes, and core types (e.g., hollow, solid, or filled) and have the desired slip and wick characteristics, yet have a source of material that is reliable, less expensive to make, and biodegradable.
- the bristles of the present invention achieve all of the above, and they are believed to be much less expensive since thirty to fifty percent less fossil fuel is used to produce these bristles versus the above noted conventional bristles.
- U.S. Patents Nos. 5,525,706, 5,807,973, 5,922,832, 6,005,068, 6,093,791 , and 6,111 ,060 are assigned on their faces to Cargill, Inc. and describe uses of polylactide polymer for films, foams, and nonwoven fabrics.
- polylactide polymers have been used in diapers, disposable razor handles, hospital gowns, personal hygiene articles, surgical drapes, and sanitary napkins, as well as for use in carpet, clothing, packaging for food and cosmetics, plastic film for candy wrappers, and window envelopes.
- an applicator brush that has natural based bristles made from a plant-based polymer, such as polylactide polymer, that is derived from renewable, natural plant sources, such as corn, wheat, and sugar beets.
- a plant-based polymer such as polylactide polymer
- Figure 1 is a preferred embodiment of a mascara applicator brush according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is an embodiment of a nail lacquer brush according to the present invention
- Figure 3 is an embodiment of a flat blush brush according to the present invention
- Figure 4 is an embodiment of a blush/makeup brush according to the present invention
- Figure 5 is an embodiment of an eyeliner brush according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 is an embodiment of a toothbrush according to the present invention.
- Figure 7 is an embodiment of a hair brush according to the present invention.
- a mascara applicator or brush generally represented by reference numeral 1.
- applicator shall include an applicator and/or a brush.
- the present invention includes all types of applicators that are used to apply liquids, gel-type and/or semi- solid materials onto any substrate.
- the applicator of the present invention can be a hair brush, a hair dye brush, a medicament brush, a paintbrush, and a toothbrush.
- applicator 1 can be used as a cosmetic applicator brush to apply a variety of cosmetics, such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, nail polish and/or lacquer, blush and/or makeup, powder, rouge, and nail cosmetics, such as polishes and enamels, to a human.
- cosmetics such as eyeliner, eyeshadow, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, nail polish and/or lacquer, blush and/or makeup, powder, rouge, and nail cosmetics, such as polishes and enamels, to a human.
- applicator 1 has a handle 16 and a bristle portion 20.
- handle 16 When applicator 1 is adapted for use in applying cosmetic compositions, such as mascara, it is preferred that handle 16 has a rod 14 extending therefrom and secured to, or part of, a core 12.
- Handle 16 is adapted to act as a cap for a cosmetic or mascara container, while rod 14 is adapted to fit within the neck of the container.
- Core 12 is adapted to receive a plurality of bristles 30.
- Core 12 is preferably a twisted 20 metallic wire.
- Bristles 30 are preferably crimped within twisted core 12 and, thereby, flare outward from the core in a multidirectional, radial pattern, which gives the effect of a uniform distribution of bristles 30.
- bristles 30 may be made to resist crimping, thereby forming a helical array about twisted core 12.
- Handle 16 may be made using any material known to the art and suitable for the particular use thereof.
- handle 16 is made of a thermoplastic material, more preferably a plant-based polymer, such as the polylactide polymer discussed below, so that the applicator brush 1 may be completely biodegradable.
- Bristle portion 20 has one or more bristles 30.
- the bristles 30 are made from a natural, plant-based polymer.
- plant-based polymers include the following polymers or polymer resins: polylactide (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate (PHB/V), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and polymers based on starch or starch derivatives.
- PHA polylactide
- PCL polycaprolactone
- PHB/V polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate
- PGA polyglycolic acid
- Bristles formed by copolymerizing and/or coextruding plant-based polymers with materials presently used to form conventional bristles are also included within the scope of the present invention.
- bristles 30 are made from polylactide polymer.
- This polymer has the following general structure:
- n is the average molecular weight from about 10,000 about 300,000 and preferably at least 50,000 to 250,000.
- Preferred polylactide polymers are produced by Cargill Dow. Several kinds of polylactide polymers are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,798,435, 5,981,694, and 5,998,552, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the plant-based polymer is made by the processing of natural renewable sources, such as corn, wheat, sugar beet, or other plants.
- the plant-based polymer can be processed into bristles by conventional methods.
- the processing parameters of the plant-based polymer can be modified to achieve enhanced performance and properties.
- the plant-based polymers readily accept dyes, additives and fillers, and can be processed readily with other materials that may provide further enhanced bristle performance, properties and processability.
- a bristle 30 made from a plant-based polymer has increased slip characteristics and increased wicking properties, both of which are desired in an applicator bristle. Also, bristles 30 have been found to have a silky feel, downgagability (which is the ability to make thinner fibers), excellent UV stability, strong resistance to grease and oil, high aroma and flavor barrier properties, superior moisture wicking, as well as superior twist retention, resilience, stiffness, and elastic recovery. Moreover, the bristles of the present invention are highly environmentally friendly because of their biodegradablility.
- Bristles 30 that are made from plant-based polymers, especially PLA polymers can have any shape depending upon their intended use.
- bristles 30 made from PLA polymer may have one or more cross- sectional portions that are generally flat, circular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, quadrilobal, J-shaped, S-shaped, U-shaped, V-shaped, and/or X-shaped.
- bristle portion 20 may be straight, tapered, threaded, curved, oblong, arrowhead, comb-shaped or any combination thereof.
- the ends of the bristles may be split, crimped or straight.
- each bristle may have all or a portion that is flared, tapered, grooved, solid, hollow or filled.
- capillary channels may be formed along at least a portion of the length of the bristle surface, with each channel having a depth and width in the range from 0.01 to 0.06 millimeters.
- bristle 30 may have any number of turns or twists, a broad range of bristle densities, and a large range of cross- sectional dimensions.
- the bristle may be natural, dyed or pigmented. sectional dimensions.
- the bristle may be natural, dyed or pigmented.
- the concentration or density of bristles 30 in bristle portion 20 is preferably from about 10 to about 65 bristles per helical turn of core 12, especially when applicator brush 1 is a mascara applicator brush. More preferably, the bristle density is from about 40 to about 60 bristles per helical turn of core 12. Most preferably, the bristle density is from about 45 to about 55 bristles per helical turn of core 12. This concentration provides an even application of mascara without forming lumps of mascara on the eyelashes or on bristle portion 20. Also, the diameter of each bristle 30 is preferably about 0.01 to about 0.40 mm, more preferably about 0.06 to about 0.25 millimeters.
- the bristles of the present invention offer a general improvement over nylon and other petrochemical-based bristles. For example, they appear to have superior twist retention, better fold, and better elastic recovery than petrochemical-based bristles. Also, the bristles of the present invention retain the desired stiffness and resiliency, yet have a silky, soft feel.
- Figure 2 depicts a nail lacquer brush.
- Figure 3 depicts a flat blush brush.
- Figure 4 depicts a blush/makeup brush.
- Figure 5 depicts an eyeliner brush.
- Figure 6 depicts a tooth brush.
- Figure 7 depicts a hair brush.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US74882700A | 2000-12-26 | 2000-12-26 | |
US09/748,827 | 2000-12-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002051284A2 true WO2002051284A2 (en) | 2002-07-04 |
WO2002051284A3 WO2002051284A3 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
WO2002051284A9 WO2002051284A9 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
Family
ID=25011098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/050566 WO2002051284A2 (en) | 2000-12-26 | 2001-12-21 | Applicator brushes and method for using same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020088473A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002051284A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202012103846U1 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2012-10-25 | Heimbach Gmbh & Co. Kg | The paper machine belt |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030200979A1 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-10-30 | Antonio Montoli | Mascara brush with small diameter bristle fibers |
FR2861965B1 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-11-10 | Benson Srl | MASCARA BRUSH |
US20070000070A1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-04 | Vena Lou Ann C | Method and kit for applying lowlights to hair |
US8517728B2 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2013-08-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Oral care implement having fluid delivery system |
EP1992251B9 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2012-02-29 | GEKA GmbH | Small cosmetic brush with many bristles for applying make-up |
FR2921547A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-03 | Acting Sarl | Flat type brush for applying cosmetic product to e.g. powder or blush face, has elongated handle made of material whose matrix is formed of biodegradable, injectable plastic material, where handle has cylindrical housing to house applicator |
US20090276973A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Herve Bouix | Cosmetic Applicator Assembly |
US20110297181A1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2011-12-08 | Michael Soloway | Dental Hygenic Aids Having Natural Antimicrobial Properties |
US20110097684A1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | Phillip Mark | Biodegradable micro-applicator |
USD616608S1 (en) | 2009-10-26 | 2010-05-25 | Mary Kay Inc. | Mascara container |
CA2829119A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Interdental cleaning device |
US8506192B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-08-13 | Perfect Paste Llc | Dental hygienic kit |
SE537094C2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2015-01-07 | Labrida As | Bioresorbable implant cleaning tool |
IN2015DN03043A (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2015-10-02 | Colgate Palmolive Co | |
FR3028727B1 (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2018-01-26 | L'oreal | APPLICATOR FOR APPLYING A COSMETIC MAKE-UP OR CARE PRODUCT |
US20190183226A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Mr. terry john cullen | Hiding thinning hair using scap dye |
WO2022060395A1 (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-24 | Listermann Brad | Brush pin ink device for creating temporary micro-ink dots on the scalp |
Citations (7)
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US3649347A (en) * | 1966-05-27 | 1972-03-14 | Fmc Corp | Shaped structures having a self-adherent coating of a water-insoluble ionizable salt of a collagen |
US4279053A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1981-07-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tri- or tetra-locular paint brush bristles |
US4421129A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1983-12-20 | Wingard Steve G | Shaped articles for rapid hair drying utilizing polymer blends |
US4483036A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1984-11-20 | Sayklay Alex R | Artist's painting aid |
US5573547A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1996-11-12 | Leveen; Harry H. | Brush fixation method for attachment of tissues and occlusion of blood vessels |
US5590438A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1997-01-07 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. | Bristled article |
US5941605A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-08-24 | Color Access, Inc. | Laser cutting of brushes |
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US5939467A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1999-08-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Biodegradable polymeric compositions and products thereof |
US6005068A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1999-12-21 | Cargill Incorporated | Melt-stable amorphous lactide polymer film and process for manufacture thereof |
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JP3447289B2 (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 2003-09-16 | カーギル, インコーポレイテッド | Melt-stable lactide polymer fiber and method for producing the same |
US5359026A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1994-10-25 | Cargill, Incorporated | Poly(lactide) copolymer and process for manufacture thereof |
FR2725731B1 (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1996-12-13 | Fiberweb Sodoca Sarl | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A NON-WOVEN BASED ON LACTIC ACID AND NON-WOVEN OBTAINED |
US5714573A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1998-02-03 | Cargill, Incorporated | Impact modified melt-stable lactide polymer compositions and processes for manufacture thereof |
US5952433A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-09-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Modified polyactide compositions and a reactive-extrusion process to make the same |
US5945480A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-08-31 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Water-responsive, biodegradable fibers comprising polylactide modified polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol, and method for making the fibers |
US5976694A (en) * | 1997-10-03 | 1999-11-02 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Water-sensitive compositions for improved processability |
-
2001
- 2001-12-21 WO PCT/US2001/050566 patent/WO2002051284A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-03-05 US US10/090,942 patent/US20020088473A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3649347A (en) * | 1966-05-27 | 1972-03-14 | Fmc Corp | Shaped structures having a self-adherent coating of a water-insoluble ionizable salt of a collagen |
US4279053A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1981-07-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tri- or tetra-locular paint brush bristles |
US4421129A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1983-12-20 | Wingard Steve G | Shaped articles for rapid hair drying utilizing polymer blends |
US4483036A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1984-11-20 | Sayklay Alex R | Artist's painting aid |
US5590438A (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1997-01-07 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. | Bristled article |
US5573547A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1996-11-12 | Leveen; Harry H. | Brush fixation method for attachment of tissues and occlusion of blood vessels |
US5941605A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 1999-08-24 | Color Access, Inc. | Laser cutting of brushes |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202012103846U1 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2012-10-25 | Heimbach Gmbh & Co. Kg | The paper machine belt |
EP2716813A1 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-09 | Heimbach GmbH & Co. KG | Paper machine fabric |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002051284A3 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
WO2002051284A9 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
US20020088473A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
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