WO2002063438A2 - Xml to object translation - Google Patents
Xml to object translation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002063438A2 WO2002063438A2 PCT/US2002/000090 US0200090W WO02063438A2 WO 2002063438 A2 WO2002063438 A2 WO 2002063438A2 US 0200090 W US0200090 W US 0200090W WO 02063438 A2 WO02063438 A2 WO 02063438A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/465—Distributed object oriented systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/958—Organisation or management of web site content, e.g. publishing, maintaining pages or automatic linking
- G06F16/986—Document structures and storage, e.g. HTML extensions
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to computer languages, and, more specifically, to translating an XML document to an object in an object-oriented language so that content of the XML document can be programmatically accessed.
- XML or extensible Markup language is a language designed specifically for documents that contain structured information. Structured information contains both content and some indication of what role that content plays. The content may be, for example, words, pictures, etc.
- a document in the XML context refers not only to traditional documents, but also to other XML "data formats," which include vector graphics, mathematical equations, object meta-data, and other kinds of structured information.
- a Document Type Definition file (“DTD") associated with an XML document defines how the mark up tags within the document should be interpreted by the application presenting the document.
- the HTML specification that defines how Web pages should be displayed by Web browsers is one example of a DTD.
- XML does not provide for a common structure of access methods/utilities, which makes it difficult to use an XML document.
- Traditional access methods of an XML document require a utility to re-parse the XML document each time an element is accessed. Depending on the quantity of accessed elements and the size of the XML document, this can be a very expensive operation.
- the above code includes a lot of statically defined information to retrieve the value of a particular node. Should the structure of the XML document change, the code to retrieve the individual node element would have to change as well, illustrating the inherently problematic scenario above.
- Java is a general purpose "object-oriented" programming language. Java source code files are compiled into a format called "bytecode,” which can then be executed by a Java interpreter. Compiled Java code can run on most computers because Java interpreters and runtime environments, known as Java Virtual Machines (VMs), exist for most operating systems, including UNIX, the Macintosh OS, and Windows. Bytecode can also be converted directly into machine language instructions.
- VMs Java Virtual Machines
- Bytecode can also be converted directly into machine language instructions.
- a "class" defines all common properties of the objects that belong to the class.
- an object is instantiated from a class. Once an object is instantiated, accessing data related to the object is relatively simple because an object is a self-contained entity that consists of both data and procedures (or methods) to manipulate the data.
- accessing data related to the object is relatively simple because an object is a self-contained entity that consists of both data and procedures (or methods) to manipulate the data.
- a translation tool converts an XML DTD associated with the XML document to Java classes from which a Java object corresponding to the XML document is instantiated.
- the access utilities of the DTD become the accessor methods in the Java classes. Consequently, interfacing the XML document with the Java-based environments is more flexible and working with the content of the XML document is more efficient.
- Java classes are created and written to different files using the translation tool.
- the Java class files are then compiled to provide computer codes, which, in turns, are integrated into an executable Java program.
- various objects including the object corresponding to the XML document are instantiated.
- FIG. 1 shows elements that are used in a technique for converting an XML document to a Java object, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the content of an XML DTD of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows the content of an XML document associated with the XML DTD of FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 4A-4E shows the content of a Java file having an Address class
- FIGS. 4F-4G show the content of a Java file having a Street class
- FIG. 4H-4I show the content of a Java file having a City class
- FIGS. 4J-4K show the content of a Java file having a State class
- FIGS. 4L-4M shows the content of a Java file having a Zip class
- FIG. 40 shows the content of a Java file having a County class
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for converting an XML document to a Java object
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for creating a Java class in accordance with FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a computer upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented.
- Techniques are provided for converting the content of an XML document to a Java object, which provides a consistent, powerful, and in-memory method for accessing the data in the XML document. Consequently, interfacing the XML document with the Java- based environments is more flexible and working with the document content is more efficient.
- a translation tool for converting an XML DTD associated with the XML document to Java classes from which a Java object corresponding to the XML document is instantiated, hi accordance with one embodiment, the translation tool first uses a parser to read the structure of the XML DTD and thus identifies all nodes in the XML DTD. For each of the identified nodes in the XML DTD, the translation tool creates a corresponding Java class and writes this Java class to a respective file. For each of the created Java classes, the translation tool initially generates a package statement. The translation tool then generates the standard import statements.
- the translation tool additionally generates the top-level-node import statements.
- the translation tool continues to generate the Java class declaration header, the Java class attribute variables, and the Java class constructors.
- the translation tool also generates the accessor methods to access the Java classes and individual node attributes.
- the translation tool generates the common Java class functions, which are methods to retrieve inforaiation about the overall messages as defined by the XML DTD.
- the translation tool also generates the appropriate Java syntaxes and comments.
- FIG. 1 shows elements that are used in a technique for converting an XML document 102 to a Java object 124, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- each XML document 102 is associated with an XML DTD 104.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 is used to convert an XML DTD 104 to Java classes 110 and stores each of these classes 110 in a respective file 112.
- Java classes 110 are stored in one file 112 to practice modular programming.
- all Java classes 110 may be stored in one file 112 or various files 112 without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of the invention.
- the invention is not limited to how the classes 110 are stored in files 112.
- Each of the Java files 112 contains a Java class that is written in the Java language.
- the Java files 112 are then compiled to bytecode, which are integrated (or "linked") into an executable Java program 120 that takes XML document 102 as a parameter to instantiate Java classes 110 to Java object 124.
- Java object 124 As Java object 124 is instantiated, its data is in memory and is thus easy to use.
- FIG. 2 shows the content of an XML DTD 104 that defines a document type entitled "DTD Address ", which shall be used herein as an exemplary XML DTD to describe embodiments of the invention.
- Line 1 shows miscellaneous information regarding DTD Address, including, for example, the version, the encoding scheme, etc.
- XML DTDs include a top-level node that may be formed by one or more child nodes. The child nodes usually contain information specific to the top-level node.
- line 2 shows Address as a top-level node, which comprises Street, City, State, Zip, and Country, as child nodes. Each of the child nodes Street, City, State, Zip, and Country is defined on lines 3-7 respectively.
- FIG. 3 shows the content of an exemplary XML document 102 having an.Y Address associated with the DTD Address in FIG. 2.
- XML document 102 provides the actual data for each of the XML DTD nodes. For example, in this FIG. 3, the Street node has a value of "1288 Pear Ave.”, the City node has a value of "Mountain View”, the State node has a value of "CA”, the Zip node has a value of "94043”, and the Coimti ⁇ node has a value of "USA”.
- FIGs. 4A to 4P show exemplary files 112, that may be produced by the translation tool based upon the XML DTD shown in FIG. 2.
- Each of the exemplary files 112 thus produced contains a respective Java class 110 that corresponds to each of the nodes Address, Street, City, State, Zip, and Country in FIG. 2.
- Each of the files 112 includes various sections having the same number except for the suffix A, B, C, etc.
- FIGs. 4A-4E are herein explained as an example.
- section 404A includes comments.
- Section 408A is a package statement, which is a required statement in the Java language.
- Section 412A shows the standard Java "import statements," which are used to interface with other files in the Java programming library.
- FIG. 4 A includes section 416A, which shows the import statements for a top-level node.
- Sections 420A, 422A, 424A, and 428A are the Java codes for various constructors.
- Section 420A is the code for the AddressQ constmctor.
- Section 424A is the code for Address (node) constructor and section 428 A is the code for Address(InputStream) constructor.
- AddressQ Address (node), and Address(Input Stream) allow flexibility in accessing data objects in the Java classes.
- the AddressQ constructor allows XML_to_Java translation tool 108 to recreate XML document 102 from an instantiated Java object 124. h one embodiment, the instantiated Java object 124 recursively calls this AddressQ constructor to re-generate the XML document 102.
- the Address(node) constructor being able to be called recursively, is used to generate the Java class files 112 for each of the classes 110. This Address(node) constructor accepts an argument of type node that specifies the node for which a class is created, e.g., node Street, City, etc.
- the Address (InputStr earn) constructor accepts an InputStream argument inStream that defines the name of XML document 102 to instantiate as Java object 124.
- Address (InputStream) constmctor is used for the top-level node, e.g., node Address in FIG. 2.
- InputStream could be of various type, including, for example, a string type.
- Section 432A is the code for accessor methods that are used to access the Java classes and individual node attributes.
- the "get” and “set” accessor methods e.g., getStreetQ, setStreetQ, getCityQ, setCityQ, etc.
- getStreetQ, setStreetQ, getCityQ, setCityQ, etc. are created to provide a programmatic interface to the class.
- Sections 436 A is the code for various exceptions used in good programming practices. Exceptions are special programming procedure/subroutines designed to handle miscellaneous frmctions. For example, the exceptions check that the values of each of the node Address, City, State, etc., are valid.
- Section 448A shows the common functions that are the Java class methods that retrieve information about the overall message as defined by the XML DTD 104. For example, these functions may retrieve the DTD version (getDTDMajorVersionQ, DTD identification (getDTDUUIDQ or retrieve information about the top-level Address node, which is especially helpful if the node in conversion is a root node.
- these functions may retrieve the DTD version (getDTDMajorVersionQ, DTD identification (getDTDUUIDQ or retrieve information about the top-level Address node, which is especially helpful if the node in conversion is a root node.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for converting an XML document 102, such as that shown in FIG. 3, to a Java object 124.
- XML document 102 contains an XML Address, as defined by the DTD illustrated in FIG. 2.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 uses a parser to parse the content of XML DTD 104 in FIG. 2, thus identifying the nodes Address, Street, City, State, Zip, and Country.
- step 508 XML_to_Java translation tool 108 converts each of the nodes
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 stores each of these classes 110 to a respective file 112 in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4P.
- hi step 512 typically, a software engineer compiles files 112 to bytecode, which is then integrated into an executable Java program.
- the Java program produced by compiling the Java files 112 is able to populate an object using the XML document 102 in FIG. 3 as input.
- the software engineer mns the executable Java program in which a Java object 124 is instantiated from the class Address 110 and populated from the XML document 102.
- the software engineer in the Java language domain, writes: Address a; wherein a is a Java object instantiated from the Java class Address
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the method steps in which XML_to_Java translation tool 108 creates the Java classes 110, in accordance with step 508 in FIG. 5.
- the Address Java class is generated as an example, but those skilled in the art will recognize that other classes Street, City, State, etc. may be generated by using this flowchart.
- h step 612 XML_to_Java translation tool 108 writes the package statement in section 408A.
- step 616 XML_to_Java translation tool 108 generates the standard import statements in section 412A.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 determines whether the node in conversion is the top-level node. If the node in conversion is a top-level node, then XML_to_Java translation tool 108 in step 624, in addition to the import statements generated in step 616, generates the top-level-node import statements in section 416A.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 In step 628, XML_to_Java translation tool 108 generates the Java class declaration of section 420A. In step 632, XML_to_Java translation tool 108 generates the Java class attribute variables of section 422A. XML_to_Java translation tool 108 uses each of the classes for a child node (e.g., Street, City, State, etc.) as a corresponding class attribute.
- a child node e.g., Street, City, State, etc.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 generates constructors of sections 424A and 428A.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 determines whether the node in conversion is a top-level node. If the node in conversion is a top-level node, then XML_to_Java translation tool 108 in step 638 generates an InputStream constructor. Because the Address node is a top-level node, XML_to_Java translation tool 108 adds the Address (InputStream) constmctor (section 428A). hi step 640, XML_to_Java translation tool 108 creates the accessor methods in section 432A.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 creates the Java validation method (section 436A).
- XML__to_Java translation tool 108 creates the Java-to-DOM converter method (the getRootNode() method of section 438 A). h step 648, XML_to_Java translation tool 108 generates the common functions in section 448A.
- XML_to_Java translation tool 108 when appropriate, adds comments (e.g., sections 408A) and syntaxes (e.g., open and close brackets) to conform to the Java language domain.
- comments e.g., sections 408A
- syntaxes e.g., open and close brackets
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system 700 upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented.
- computer system 700 may be configured to ran XML__to_Java translation tool 10S or other programs discussed above.
- Computer system 700 includes a bus 702 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 704 coupled with bus 702 for processing information.
- Computer system 700 also includes a main memory 706, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 702 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 704.
- Main memory 706 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instmctions to be executed by processor 704.
- Computer system 700 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 708 or other static storage device coupled to bus 702 for storing static information and instructions for processor 704.
- ROM read only memory
- a storage device 710 such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 702 for storing inforaiation and instructions.
- Computer system 700 may be coupled via bus 702 to a display 712, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user.
- a display 712 such as a cathode ray tube (CRT)
- An input device 714 is coupled to bus 702 for communicating inforaiation and command selections to processor 704.
- cursor control 716 is Another type of user input device
- cursor control 716 such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 704 and for controlling cursor movement on display 712.
- This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane.
- the invention is related to the use of computer system 700 for implementing the techniques described herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, those techniques are implemented by computer system 700 in response to processor 704 executing one or more sequences of one or more instmctions contained in main memory 706. Such instructions may be read into main memory 706 from another computer- readable medium, such as storage device 710. Execution of the sequences of instmctions contained in main memory 706 causes processor 704 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard- wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instmctions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
- Non- volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 710.
- Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 706.
- Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 702. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.
- Computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
- Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instmctions to processor 704 for execution.
- the instmctions may initially be earned on a magnetic disk of a remote computer.
- the remote computer can load the instmctions into its dynamic memory and send the instmctions over a telephone line using a modem.
- a modem local to computer system 700 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal.
- An infra-red detector can receive the data earned in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus 702.
- Bus 702 carries the data to main memory 706, from which processor 704 retrieves and executes the instmctions.
- the instmctions received by main memory 706 may optionally be stored on storage device 710 either before or after execution by processor 704.
- Computer system 700 also includes a communication interface 718 coupled to bus 702.
- Communication interface 718 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 720 that is connected to a local network 722.
- communication interface 718 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line.
- ISDN integrated services digital network
- communication interface 718 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN.
- LAN local area network
- Wireless links may also be implemented.
- communication interface 718 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that cany digital data streams representing various types of information.
- Network link 720 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices.
- network link 720 may provide a com ection through local network 722 to a host computer 724 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 726.
- ISP 726 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the "Internet" 728.
- Internet 728 uses electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that cany digital data streams.
- the signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 720 and through communication interface 718, which cany the digital data to and from computer system 700, are exemplary fora s of carrier waves transporting the information.
- Computer system 700 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 720 and communication interface 718.
- a server 730 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 728, ISP 726, local network 722 and communication interface 718.
- one such downloaded application implements the techniques described herein.
- the received code may be executed by processor 704 as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 710, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system 700 may obtain application code in the fon of a carrier wave.
Abstract
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AU2002251730A AU2002251730A1 (en) | 2001-01-05 | 2002-01-04 | Xml to object translation |
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US09/755,501 US20020073091A1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | XML to object translation |
US09/755,501 | 2001-01-05 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2002251730A1 (en) | 2002-08-19 |
US20020073091A1 (en) | 2002-06-13 |
WO2002063438A3 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
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