WO2002075381A2 - Arrayed waveguide grating with differing focal lengths - Google Patents
Arrayed waveguide grating with differing focal lengths Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002075381A2 WO2002075381A2 PCT/GB2002/001309 GB0201309W WO02075381A2 WO 2002075381 A2 WO2002075381 A2 WO 2002075381A2 GB 0201309 W GB0201309 W GB 0201309W WO 02075381 A2 WO02075381 A2 WO 02075381A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- array
- output
- focal line
- dispersive
- waveguides
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12019—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the optical interconnection to or from the AWG devices, e.g. integration or coupling with lasers or photodiodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
- G02B6/12009—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
- G02B6/12014—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the wavefront splitting or combining section, e.g. grooves or optical elements in a slab waveguide
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
An optical wavelength dispersive device integrated on a planar substrate (30) comprising a dispersive array (11) of optical paths (12) of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being arranged to provide a desired spatial spread.
Description
OPTICAL WAVELENGTH DISPERSIVE DEVICE
The invention relates to optical wavelength dispersive devices and particularly to such devices including a dispersive array integrated on a planar substrate.
Integrated chip optical dispersive devices are known including devices which have a plurality of opto/electric transducers such as photodiodes to provide output signals corresponding to the demultiplexed optical signals. When using a row of photo diodes to sense the output from a plurality of output channels, the optical signals of the output channels need to be separated to a spatial extend corresponding to the spacing of the photo diodes. Due to the limitation of small size of photo diode, the optical signals in the output channels need to be separated accordingly. If the optical array is formed by semiconductor waveguides the spatial separation of the optical output channels can be much closer than can be achieved for an array of photo diodes. Known proposals for such devices include detecting the output channels from the array in a plurality of output waveguides which collect the demultiplexed channels and deliver the light to output locations which are sufficiently spaced to match the array of photo diodes.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved optical wavelength dispersive device in which the spatial dispersion of the output may be controlled by means other than diverging output waveguides.
The invention provides an optical wavelength dispersive device integrated on a planar substrate comprising a dispersive array of optical paths of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being
arranged to provide a desired spatial spread, wherein a plurality of photodiodes are located at the output focal line for detecting the power of respective portions of the dispersed output.
In one embodiment the photo diodes form a line along an edge of the planar substrate.
In one embodiment, the dispersive array includes an array waveguide grating wherein the waveguides are tapered inwardly towards each other at the input end of the array so that the directional axes of the waveguides at the input end intersect at said input focal line, and/or the waveguides are tapered inwardly towards each other at the output end of the array so that the directional axes of the waveguides at the output end intersect at the said output focal line.
In one embodiment, the ends of the waveguides of the array terminate in part circular arcs at each end of the array, the arc at the output end of the array being of larger radius than the arc at the input end of the array.
In one embodiment, a reflecting mirror is provided to redirect the output of the dispersive array between the output end of the dispersive array and said output focal line, the mirror positioned to direct the output of the array through a free propagation region adjacent the input end of the dispersive array prior to reaching the output focal line.
The invention also provides an optical signal demultiplexer integrated on a planar substrate comprising a dispersive array of optical paths of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced
from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being arranged to provide a desired spatial spread of demultiplexed signals.
Another aspect provides an optical wavelength dispersive device integrated on a planar substrate comprising a dispersive array of optical paths of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being arranged to provide a desired spatial spread, wherein a free light propagating region is provided in the substrate between the output end of the dispersive array and said output focal line.
Some embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagram of a prior art optical signal multiplexer using output waveguides,
Figure 2 is a view corresponding to that of Figure 1 but showing an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 3 shows more detail of the position of the output detectors in the device of Figure 2,
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a variation of the embodiment of Figure 2, and
Figure 5 shows a similar view of a further embodiment of the invention.
In the schematic prior art arrangement shown in Figure 1 , a dispersive waveguide array 11 consists of a plurality of curved waveguides 12. Each of the waveguides has a straight input section 15 and a straight output section 19. Line 13 indicates the
junction between the straight input sections 15 and the curved sections 12. Similarly the line 14 indicates the junction between the curved sections and the straight output sections 19. In this case the input and output ends of the array 11 are symmetrical. The straight input sections 15 taper inwards towards each other so as to point to the focus position 17 at the end of the input waveguide 16. Similarly the straight output sections 19 are inclined towards each other so as to form a focus in region 20 adjacent the entrance to an array of output waveguides 21. The geometry of the input and output ends of the array each form part of a similar Rowlands circle arrangement. The input ends of the straight waveguide sections 15 lie on an arc forming part of a larger circle 22 having its centre coincident with the end 17 of the input waveguide 16. Point 17 lies on the circumference of an inner circle 23 having half the radius of the larger circle 22. Similarly at the output end of the array 11 , the ends of the straight waveguide sections 19 terminate on an arc forming part of a larger circle 24 having its centre coincident with region 20 forming a focus for the output of the dispersive array. The output waveguides 21 are also arranged to terminate in an arc lying on the smaller inner circle 25 which has half the radius of the outer circle 24. Due to the dispersion within the array 11 being dependent on wavelength, the demuliplexed output channels are focussed on an arc of the circle 25 adjacent the output waveguides 21. The channels are closely spaced at the focal line and are too closely positioned for effective detection by respective photo diodes in the output detectors 26. For this reason the array of output waveguides 21 detect the output channel images formed on circle 25 and transmit the optical signals to more spaced locations at the edge 27 of the chip where the spacing is sufficient to match the separate diode locations in the array of diodes 26.
In the first embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, similar reference numerals have been used for similar parts. The demultiplexer is formed as an integrated chip on a planar substrate. The substrate may be formed with silicon on insulator and the waveguides may be ridge waveguides of the type shown in US Patent 5757986. The
array 1 is a dispersive array of ridge waveguides formed on the chip 30 with an input arrangement similar to that already described for Figure 1 , except that a plurality of input waveguides 16 are provided. Any one of the input waveguides may be selected either by selective operation of light sources off chip or by including selectively operable attenuator switches on chip in the input waveguides 16. However the waveguide array 11 is asymmetric in that the output end is arranged to have a focal line much further remote from the ends of the array 11. The ends of the output sections 19 lie on the arc of the large circle 24 which forms a Rowlands circle arrangement with the smaller circle 25. However in this case the smaller circle 25 has its circumference lying on the line of output photo diodes 26 at the edge 31 of the chip. The circle 24 has a diameter much larger than the input Rowlands circle 22. In this way, the output focal line which now lies on the line of photo diodes 26 is spaced from the output end of the array 11 by a distance much greater than the distance between the input focal point 17 and the input end of the array 11. The spacing of the optical signals in the output channels formed on the detectors 26 is dependent on the spacing between the output focal line and the end of the array 19. This increased distance is achieved by arranging that the straight output sections 19 of the array 11 have much less angle of inclination towards each other than is the case for the straight input sections 15 for the array 11. By arranging the inward inclination of the output ends 19 of the array 11 it is possible to arrange the spacing of the output focal line to achieve the desired spacing of the optical signals in the output channel where the output signals are brought to a focus. By suitable location on the chip 11 the output channels can be focussed directly onto the output photo diodes without the use of further output waveguides such as those marked 21 in Figure 1. Figure 3 shows more detail of the output image formation. The demultiplexed signals form a plurality of channels extending between a "first" channel and a "last" channel shown in Figure 3. The channel outputs are focussed on the arc of the Rowland circle 25 with the first and last channels being focussed at the opposite edges of the array where line C crosses the Rowland circle. The centre channel is focussed at the point
where line A forms a tangent to the Rowland circle 25. The photodiodes 26 are positioned on line B substantially midway between lines A and C.
It will be appreciated that in the construction of the semiconductor chip described with reference to Figure 2, the chip regions adjacent each end of the array 11 form free propagation regions through which light can be transmitted in the slab of semiconductor material.
Figure 4 shows a variant on that of Figure 2, in this case similar reference numerals have been used for similar parts. In this case the array 11 is located at one end of an elongated chip 35. This allows a longer pathlength between the output of the array 11 and the output focal line. In this case the array of photo diodes are located at position 26 on an edge 36 of the chip at its furthest end remote from the array 11. In this case the radius of the larger Rowland circle 24 is such that the centre of the circle lies on the array of photo diodes 26. In this example the input waveguide 16 is shown connected to an external optical fibre 37 providing a mutliplex optical input signal. Although the input shows a single waveguide 16, a plurality of input waveguides may be used as shown in Figure 2.
A further variant is shown in Figure 5. In this case the chip 38 has an asymmetric 11 similar to that previously described. The input to the array 11 is generally similar to that already described and the region 41 lying between the input waveguide, or waveguides, 16 and the array 11 forms a free propagation region for the light signals lying within the larger Rowlands circle 22. The output of the array 11 has the output waveguides directed inwardly only slightly so as to provide a long pathlength to the focal line for the output signals. In this case the output is initially directed towards end 42 of the chip but is reflected by a plain mirror 40 located in the optical output path prior to reaching the output focal line. Light is reflected by the plain mirror 40 through the free propagation region 41 to a position where the focal line is formed at
edge 43 of the chip. The focal line is close to the sensitive surface of the array of photo diodes as previously described. It will be appreciated that the distance to the focal line is determined by the radius of the large Rowlands circle 24 determined by the shape of the output waveguides of the dispersive array 11.
It will be appreciated that in each of the above embodiments, the increased distance between the dispersive array and the output focal line enables sufficient spacing of the output channel images to enable the light to be incident directly on the photo diode array even allowing for the physical size necessary for the discrete photo diodes in the array. Furthermore, all light from the dispersive arrays is directed onto the line of photodetectors. In the case of using output waveguides such as those marked 21 in Figure 1, some losses inevitably occur due to light which forms part of the output image but which is not conveyed through the waveguides due to the physical size, mode field shape and physical separation between adjacent waveguides in the output array. It is not possible for an array of waveguides side by side to detect the entire light forming the image of the output channels at position 20 in Figure 1. However in the embodiment described above the entire light output from the array is directed onto the photo diodes thereby resulting in a much reduced loss of light intensity and light signal data which can be detected and used by the photodiodes in generating electrical signals indicating the result of the signal demultiplexing.
The photodiodes 26 may alternatively comprise an array of photodiodes or a set of photodiodes on individual chips at the edge of the demultiplexer chip.
The applicant draws attention to the fact that the present invention may include any feature or combination of features disclosed herein either implicitly or explicitly or any generalisation thereof, without limitation to the scope of any definitions set out above.
In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. An optical wavelength dispersive device integrated on a planar substrate comprising a dispersive array of optical paths of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being arranged to provide a desired spatial spread, wherein a plurality of light detectors are located at the output focal line for detecting the power of respective portions of the dispersed output.
2. A device according to claim 1 in which the light detectors are located on the integrated planar substrate.
3. A device according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the light detectors comprise an array of photo diodes.
4. A device according to claim 3 in which the photo diodes form a line along an edge of the planar substrate.
5. A device according to any one of the preceding claims in which the dispersive array comprises a plurality of optical waveguides.
6. A device according to claim 5 in which the waveguides are inclined inwardly towards each other at the input end of the array so that the directional axes of the waveguides at the input end intersect at said input focal line.
7. A device according to claim 6 in which a free light propagating region is provided in the substrate between the input end of the dispersive array and said input focal line.
8. A device according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in which the direction of the waveguides are inclined inwardly towards each other at the output end of the array so that the directional axes of the waveguides at the output end intersect at the said output focal line.
9. A device according to claim 8 in which a free light propagating region is provided in the substrate between the output end of the dispersive array and said output focal line.
10. A device according to any one of claims 5 to 9 in which the ends of the waveguides of the array terminate in part circular arcs at each end of the array, the arc at the output end of the array being of larger radius than the arc at the input end of the array.
11. A device according to any one of the preceding claims formed as an integrated semiconductor chip.
12. A device according to claim 11 in which the dispersive array comprises a plurality of silicon on insulator waveguides.
13. A device according to claim 12 in which said waveguides comprise ridge waveguides.
14. A device according to any one of the preceding claims in which a reflecting mirror is provided to redirect the output of the dispersive array between the output end of the dispersive array and said output focal line.
15. A device according to claim 14 in which said mirror is positioned to direct the output of the array through a free propagation region adjacent the input end of the dispersive array prior to reaching the output focal line.
16. A device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figure 2 or 3 or 4 of the accompanying drawings.
17. An optical wavelength dispersive device integrated on a planar substrate comprising a dispersive array of optical paths of different optical pathlength on the substrate, said dispersive array having a respective focal line at each end of the array and being asymmetrical at opposite ends such that the output focal line is spaced further from the output end of the array than the input focal line is spaced from the input end of the array, the spacing of the output focal line being arranged to provide a desired spatial spread, wherein a free light propagating region is provided in the substrate between the output end of the dispersive array and said output focal line.
18. A device according to any preceding claim in which the number of light detectors is greater than the number of channels in an optical signal input to the device, for monitoring or measuring the spectrum of an output from the dispersive array.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002253281A AU2002253281A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-03-19 | Arrayed waveguide grating with differing focal lengths |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0107112A GB0107112D0 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2001-03-21 | Optical demultiplexer |
| GB0107112.5 | 2001-03-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002075381A2 true WO2002075381A2 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
| WO2002075381A3 WO2002075381A3 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
Family
ID=9911277
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2002/001309 WO2002075381A2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2002-03-19 | Arrayed waveguide grating with differing focal lengths |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2002253281A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB0107112D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002075381A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2401640A2 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2012-01-04 | Aidi Corporation | Arrayed waveguide grating (awg) with different radii in the input and output slab regions |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4773063A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1988-09-20 | University Of Delaware | Optical wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing system |
| EP0826989A2 (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 1998-03-04 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical signal processing apparatus and optical signal processing method |
| JP2000098150A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-04-07 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Array waveguide diffraction grating and optical signal processing circuit using array waveguide diffraction grating |
| US6069990A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 2000-05-30 | Hitachi Cable Ltd. | Optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer |
| WO2001075493A2 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Bookham Technology Plc | Dispersive optical waveguide array |
-
2001
- 2001-03-21 GB GB0107112A patent/GB0107112D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-03-19 AU AU2002253281A patent/AU2002253281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-19 WO PCT/GB2002/001309 patent/WO2002075381A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4773063A (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1988-09-20 | University Of Delaware | Optical wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing system |
| EP0826989A2 (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 1998-03-04 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Optical signal processing apparatus and optical signal processing method |
| US6069990A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 2000-05-30 | Hitachi Cable Ltd. | Optical wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer |
| JP2000098150A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-04-07 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Array waveguide diffraction grating and optical signal processing circuit using array waveguide diffraction grating |
| WO2001075493A2 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2001-10-11 | Bookham Technology Plc | Dispersive optical waveguide array |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 07, 29 September 2000 (2000-09-29) -& JP 2000 098150 A (NIPPON TELEGR &TELEPH CORP <NTT>), 7 April 2000 (2000-04-07) * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2401640A2 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2012-01-04 | Aidi Corporation | Arrayed waveguide grating (awg) with different radii in the input and output slab regions |
| EP2401640A4 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2014-04-16 | Aidi Corp | Arrayed waveguide grating (awg) with different radii in the input and output slab regions |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002075381A3 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| AU2002253281A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
| GB0107112D0 (en) | 2001-05-09 |
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