WO2002082802A1 - Method and apparatus for automated image correction for digital image acquisition - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for automated image correction for digital image acquisition Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002082802A1 WO2002082802A1 PCT/US2002/010270 US0210270W WO02082802A1 WO 2002082802 A1 WO2002082802 A1 WO 2002082802A1 US 0210270 W US0210270 W US 0210270W WO 02082802 A1 WO02082802 A1 WO 02082802A1
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- image
- color
- color corrected
- creating
- profile
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
- H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
- H04N1/6083—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus
- H04N1/6086—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus by scene illuminant, i.e. conditions at the time of picture capture, e.g. flash, optical filter used, evening, cloud, daylight, artificial lighting, white point measurement, colour temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
- H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
- H04N1/603—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer
- H04N1/6033—Colour correction or control controlled by characteristics of the picture signal generator or the picture reproducer using test pattern analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/46—Colour picture communication systems
- H04N1/56—Processing of colour picture signals
- H04N1/60—Colour correction or control
- H04N1/6083—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus
- H04N1/6088—Colour correction or control controlled by factors external to the apparatus by viewing conditions, i.e. conditions at picture output
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for assuring correct colors in a digital image file as a picture is captured by a camera, scanned, or printed onto a medium at a specified printer location, or simply displayed in the digital space. More particularly, the invention relates to methods for transforming the colors in a digital image to a color corrected digital image.
- the traditional method for creating photographic images was based upon the silver halide film process.
- a camera holds a film that contains silver halide particles which are sensitive to light.
- the image is recorded on the silver halide particles, which are later chemically processed.
- the photographic image is then transferred via a second photographic process to paper containing a layer of silver halide particles, and the process is repeated.
- the film and the paper use silver halide for each color also but include tinted filters to assure that red light, for example, exposes one layer, blue light another layer, etc.
- Color matching in professional photography is often of critical importance. Color matching in professional photography is generally time consuming because colors of various items, such as clothing and other consumer goods, must be precisely reproduced for catalogs, advertisements and brochures. The process could, therefore, get prohibitively expensive in most cases unless a photographer with experience can expedite the processing.
- a common problem when one deals with digital color imaging devices is getting the colors on the image as printed or displayed on a monitor to match the true object.
- a color scanner as an input device is associated with device dependent color space containing colors such as red, green, and blue (RGB).
- RGB red, green, and blue
- the device dependent color space where colors are described in digital RGB values, determines the color representation of that particular device. This color space is different for each such imaging device and is thus called device dependent color space.
- output devices e.g., printers
- Colors printed on any given printer typically do not match colors printed on a different printer because each printer is associated with a cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK) device dependent color space.
- CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, and black
- Each image-rendering device such as a printer or a monitor, has a limited range of colors that it can reproduce, known as a gamut.
- devices such as digital cameras may also have difficulty accurately capturing the full range of values of brightness or contrast. If the image does not accurately distinguish between darker values, then shadow detail is lost and pictures may appear muddy. If the image does not accurately distinguish between light areas, highlights appear without detail and the image may look washed out.
- a test image with a range of values of the same color, such as a grey scale, it is possible to adjust the range of contrast to achieve a more pleasing and natural color balance.
- the invention provides color corrected digital profiling methods that can correct for differences between reference colors according to a color chart and the reference colors as recorded and submitted as an image recorded by a photographic device or a film medium.
- this process is automated so that the time spent by a user of photo imaging devices is minimized and so that special expertise is not required to achieve excellent color fidelity and contrast.
- this automated process is encoded in software or hardware included within the camera or other image acquisition device.
- One method in accordance with the invention comprises acquiring a digital image file of the test image or target containing color samples of known values at known positions within the target using a digital image acquisition device such as a digital camera, scanner, or other suitable device.
- the method further involves comparing the digital color values of the test image with the known values to determine whether the test image is properly aligned and oriented.
- the method further involves comparing the known values of the colors in the test image with the actual values obtained by the device under the specific conditions in which it is being used.
- the method further involves generating a corrective color profile that adjusts the hue, contrast, and overall exposure of the image to match the reference values as closely as possible. In one embodiment, this process takes place entirely within software and/or hardware contained within the image acquisition device.
- the method involves use of software loaded on a computer such as a PC.
- the method involves registering over a network such as the Internet to obtain access to profiling software.
- the registration itself involves using a password or access code for using the software on the computer.
- the test image is submitted to a server upon which the color correction software is stored.
- the profiling software itself checks the image file generated from the scanner or the digital camera and compares the values obtained with the known reference values of the colors on the target test sheet under specific lighting conditions.
- the profiling software specifically checks the submitted object file for orientation, alignment, color intensity, and hue with respect to the image of the target test sheet.
- an image transformation algorithm is created to match colors of the submitted image file with colors of the target test sheet and thereby creates a color corrected image profile for the submitted image file.
- the image transformation algorithm matches the colors of the submitted image file with colors of the target test sheet using a binary color coding in which a unique binary number represents each color.
- the color correction process is contained within the image acquisition device, the image transformation algorithm is used to correct subsequent images taken under the same lighting conditions.
- the color correction process is in software in a local computer or on a network, the user can apply the corrective profile to other images selected by the user, the generated color corrected image can be manipulated, transmitted to a local or a remote printer, transmitted to a digital exhibit space, or simply compared to the submitted digital image.
- the generated color corrected image profile is typically transmitted in digital space via e-mail.
- the color corrected image profile can be saved for future use or uploaded to a Web site wherein several image files can be color corrected in sequence or in random order.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of the components in a color matching technique according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the steps involved in profiling software for the formation of color corrected digital image files according to the invention
- FIG. 3A is a flow diagram of the steps involved in obtaining digital color images using a color matching technique on a local printing machine according to the invention
- FIG. 3B is a flow diagram of the steps involved in obtaining digital color images using a color matching technique on a remote printing machine according to the invention.
- FIG. 4A is a flow diagram of the steps involved in uploading images onto a digital exhibit space using a color matching technique according to the invention.
- FIG. 4B is a flow diagram of the steps involved in obtaining access to color images on a digital exhibit space using a color matching technique according to the invention.
- the invention provides a solution to the problem of color matching of digital images using a color matching technique involving a color chart for profiling, and profiling software that generates an image profile after correcting for the differences between the color chart of known hue, saturation, and intensity with a recorded image from, for example, a digital camera.
- the generated profile can be stored and viewed in an exhibit space or used for processing multiple images of color corrected digital files.
- the user is provided with a target test sheet 2 and an imaging device, such as a digital camera 4 or a color scanner 6.
- an imaging device such as a digital camera 4 or a color scanner 6.
- the user takes a photograph of the target test sheet 2 under the specific lighting conditions for which the profile is desired.
- the user scans the target test sheet 2.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing the steps involved in profiling software for forming color corrected digital image files.
- profiling software To use the profiling software in one embodiment of the invention, one must be registered and logged in to a Web site. Once the user is registered 22 and logged in, the user can access software that allows the user to apply the transformation algorithms available at the Web site. Ideally, the user is able to accomplish these transformations through a one-click process. After downloading the application, the user uploads a file 24, which the Web site logs with the user's unique identifier.
- the Web site then runs a program that uses a pattern recognition algorithm or algorithms 26 to assure that the image of the target captured by a photographer is aligned 28 correctly so that, for example, the cyan target in the transmitted image is corrected to equal the original cyan target, rather than the blue or green, which would result in a major distortion of the color balance.
- a pattern recognition algorithm or algorithms 26 to assure that the image of the target captured by a photographer is aligned 28 correctly so that, for example, the cyan target in the transmitted image is corrected to equal the original cyan target, rather than the blue or green, which would result in a major distortion of the color balance.
- One approach is that, prior to submission of the image containing the target, the user software could prompt the user to identify via mouse clicks the location of the corners or other identifying locations in the target that the software could use as a reference to align the image of the target and accurately compare the values of each color sample in the submitted image with the correct color image sample.
- a more automated system operates without requiring the user to take this step.
- the device such as a camera
- accomplishes this result without requiring the user to participate other than to inform the camera through an input, such as selection of a menu item or pressing of a button or other input device.
- the color correction software samples the image, searching, for example for the 100% cyan region in the test image by determining whether there is a region in the image that is roughly the appropriate shape and with color values relatively close to cyan.
- the software samples a large number of regions to find a region that meets the selection criteria. Once the software identifies a region that appears to satisfy the selection criteria.
- the software identifies such a region, it searches the areas immediately adjacent to the identified region for a color sample known to be adjacent to the that color sample in the test image. If the software does not locate the required color sample candidate, it rejects the original sample and starts the process again. If the software does locate the expected second color sample, it repeats the process in searching for a third known sample, and so on through sufficient iterations to achieve a sufficiently high level of confidence that the target has been properly located and oriented.
- image recognition and pattern recognition software are known in the art.
- the software then executes a transformation algorithm that compares the numerical value of specific color samples in the image captured by the user to the known values in the original target, and generates a numerical difference value.
- a transformation algorithm that compares the numerical value of specific color samples in the image captured by the user to the known values in the original target, and generates a numerical difference value.
- the proper value for a cyan area in the target image might be 255, 0,0,0, where the first value represents the level of cyan on a scale of 0 to 255, the second the level of magenta, the third of yellow, and the last of black.
- the program would compare the submitted values to the known values and generate a transformation profile of +5, -10,-2, -5 to correct the color imbalance and thus match the color balance of the original image 30 as closely as possible.
- the program then creates a profile, which consists of the settings or adjustments needed by the software to convert an image with the color balance 32 in the submitted image to one having accurate color.
- the device uses the profile for subsequent images.
- the image acquisition device uses the new profile until the user inputs his desire to stop using it.
- the device could use additional software to sense that the lighting conditions have changed, discontinue use of the profile, and prompt the user to repeat the profiling process.
- image correction on a local computer or over a network a file containing the profile is created and optionally saved.
- the user can then apply the profile to one or more images.
- the server transmits the profile, either via email or by allowing the user to otherwise download the profile.
- the server 12 (FIG. 1) sends the profile back to the client computer 8 over a network 10.
- the user can then use the software 16 to load the profile onto the client computer and apply the profile 14 to other image files, thus correcting color balance of those images.
- this function is as simple as the user using a mouse or other cursor controller to drag the profile 14 icons onto an image file,or vice versa
- the user then has the option to accept or reject the corrected image and save the corrected file 14. This procedure can be repeated several times, for example at a customer's request, until terminated, E.G. herein disclosed by the customer 38 (FIG. 2).
- a photographer wishing to use the herein disclosed color matching technique first obtains a target test sheet 2 (FIG. 1), which may be a printed cardboard, plastic, paper, or other test sheet containing a color target (a test pattern of color samples), as well as basic instructions for use 50. He then uses his digital camera 4 to photograph the test sheet in the exact lighting conditions he wishes to control. Typically, this is accomplished by taking a test shot immediately before 54 the picture he desires to calibrate. In the case of software embedded in a digital camera, the user simply signals the camera to adjust exposure, and all subsequent photographs are automatically adjusted for the current lighting conditions.
- a target test sheet 2 (FIG. 1), which may be a printed cardboard, plastic, paper, or other test sheet containing a color target (a test pattern of color samples), as well as basic instructions for use 50. He then uses his digital camera 4 to photograph the test sheet in the exact lighting conditions he wishes to control. Typically, this is accomplished by taking a test shot immediately before 54 the picture he desires to calibrate. In the case of software
- the photographer then registers with the server or website 60.
- the server or web site (FIG.2, 22) gives the user a unique account.
- the photographer then uploads the test photograph to the server or web site 62.
- the user receives an executable file in the form of an email attachment or other file from the server or web site.
- the user can then create a profile on his computer that allows him to process images taken with that camera and correct for the lighting conditions.
- the user could open the image using software such as Adobe Photoshop or a web browser. Clicking on the desired icon automatically starts a software process that executes 64 the image transformation and allows the user to compare 66 the original and corrected images side-by-side on the screen. The user can then choose 68 to accept 70 or reject 72 the corrected image and save it in a new file 74. If the user has local access to a calibrated printer 76, he can then print 78 the images using the profile. If the user wishes to print remotely (FIG.
- the profiled print 102 can be uploaded to the server or web site in encrypted form and then specify a remote location to print 104 the file as corrected by the algorithm herein.
- this step is followed by the step of applying a profiling of the target printer 106 and terminating the session 110 as soon as the printing is done 108. Printing may occur immediately after the file is sent to the remote location, or may be delayed, for example, until the user arrives at the remote printing location.
- FIG. 4A is a flow diagram that shows the steps involved in uploading digital images onto a digital space using the herein disclosed color matching technique.
- the user starts the uploading process 150 by obtaining a target test sheet 152 and photographs the test sheet 156 in specific lighting conditions.
- lighting conditions could include, for example, incandescent lighting, fluorescent lighting, daylight, or any combination thereof.
- the user then captures the image for which correction is desired under the same lighting conditions 158.
- the user then instructs the camera to optimize the image.
- the camera could apply the transformation as a filter prior to capturing the image, to maximize the physical capabilities of the device.
- the user loads 162 the test photograph to the server or web site.
- the profiling software color matches the values for the color target as captured in the picture to the known values for those colors in the target test sheet from step 156.
- An executable file or, alternatively a profile to be used by profiling software for subsequent processing is created by the profile generating software and transmitted to the user via e-mail 164or other electronic means.
- the user can check one or more of his pictures for color matching by clicking or dragging the image onto the image transformation icon 166 or, alternatively, by dragging the icon 166 onto the image.
- the user can compare the original picture image with the color corrected image on the screen 168 and check 170 to accept 174 or reject 172 the corrected image file.
- the user may choose to create and access 176 a digital exhibit space, wherein the mentioned digital exhibit space is linked to the web site.
- the color corrected image file could also be uploaded 178 to digital exhibit space for viewing instead of printing. The user can then logoff to stop the viewing 180. A copy of the color corrected image file remains in the digital space created for the user (FIG. 4A) for use at a later time.
- the user starts the process 200 by accepting an offer to log on to the digital image space 202. It is determined then 208 if the user has a password, in which case he provides one 210, or needs to obtain one 214. As soon as a password is provided, the user can view the images he created in digital image space 212 and log off when finished to stop 216 the process.
- the presently preferred embodiment of the invention therefore, provides a method of correcting colors in a digital image taken from an image generating device and a software that makes the color corrected images available as either a downloadable image file or simply a file for viewing in the digital space. It is expected to benefit a novice photographer to a more experienced photographer in terms of time, cost and quality of color print that is made.
- a standard film cameras may incorporate software that identifies when a target is being imaged and use the camera's exposure control sensors to capture ambient lighting information. Such information is compared with profile information stored within the camera and a correction value can be printed to the film for use by a processing laboratory.
- a software implementation of the invention is described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention, or portions thereof, may comprise a mechanism that is implemented in hardware level logic.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
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EP02736534A EP1374561A1 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-04-02 | Method and apparatus for automated image correction for digital image acquisition |
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US09/826,336 | 2001-04-03 | ||
US09/826,336 US6956966B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2001-04-03 | Method and apparatus for automated image correction for digital image acquisition |
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WO2002082802A1 true WO2002082802A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
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PCT/US2002/010270 WO2002082802A1 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2002-04-02 | Method and apparatus for automated image correction for digital image acquisition |
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EP (1) | EP1374561A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
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US20080069443A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US20020141639A1 (en) | 2002-10-03 |
EP1374561A1 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
US7522770B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
US6956966B2 (en) | 2005-10-18 |
US20060008142A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
US7302095B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
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