WO2002090204A1 - Tamper evident closure - Google Patents
Tamper evident closure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002090204A1 WO2002090204A1 PCT/GB2002/001775 GB0201775W WO02090204A1 WO 2002090204 A1 WO2002090204 A1 WO 2002090204A1 GB 0201775 W GB0201775 W GB 0201775W WO 02090204 A1 WO02090204 A1 WO 02090204A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reagent
- closure
- blister pack
- closure according
- substrate
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/02—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices for initially filling and for preventing subsequent refilling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D55/00—Accessories for container closures not otherwise provided for
- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/026—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure initial opening or unauthorised access being indicated by a visual change using indicators other than tearable means, e.g. change of colour, pattern or opacity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2401/00—Tamper-indicating means
- B65D2401/55—Tamper-indicating means based on a change or a contrast in colour
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tamper evident closure for a container, and in particular, a closure that acts as an effective anti-counterfeit measure.
- Bottles are refilled with a local product that is inferior to the original product and then the package is resealed for resale.
- counterfeit goods may be in some way harmful. In the case of pharmaceuticals, the counterfeit goods may be wholly ineffective or worse, life threatening. The damage done to the brand owner's business through loss of goodwill or exposure to legal proceedings is also of serious commercial concern.
- a tamper evident closure comprises a housing containing a blister pack and a substrate, wherein the blister pack contains a first reagent which is visible prior to first opening and the substrate contains a second reagent, and wherein first opening of the closure ruptures the blister pack thereby exposing the first reagent to the second reagent and effecting a reaction that causes a visual change that signals the closure has been opened.
- a blister pack containing an oil entrained with a first reagent, capable of causing a visual change upon reaction with a second reagent.
- the approach taken in the present invention is to provide a tamper evident closure that provides a visual signal to indicate that the closure has been opened.
- the visual change is irreversible.
- the blister pack is of a conventional structure such as a piece of thermoformed material bonded to a substantially flat material to form a closure.
- the blister pack comprises one or more enclosures, adapted to retain fluid when sealed. More preferably, the blister pack contains a single enclosure.
- the blister pack has a membrane which is ruptured on opening of the closure.
- Blister technology is difficult to replicate by most counterfeiters. Not only is the technology not widely available, a blister pack is also very difficult to refill and reseal once it has been ruptured. The use of a blister pack is therefore an effective way of adding complexity to the closure design to make replication even more difficult for the counterfeiter.
- the blister pack is at least partially visible prior to first opening. This allows a user to see the visual change caused upon reaction of the first and second reagents.
- the blister pack is preferably formed from a suitable material capable of long term retention of fluid contents and, in particular, oil based fluid contents.
- the blister pack is preferably substantially transparent to visible light.
- the blister pack is formed from a plastics material selected from the group consisting of nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylate polymers, polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyolefins, silicone plastics, and derivatives, copolymers and mixtures thereof.
- the blister pack may be formed from or may comprise additional components such as ultra-violet filters, materials which block the transport of fluids across the surface of the material, plasticizers and the like.
- oxygen barrier materials are preferably incorporated in the sealed enclosure, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH). These prevent oxygen from penetrating the package. Water barrier materials are also particularly preferred.
- the blister pack substantially prevents the loss or ingress of water from or to the enclosure.
- the first reagent is a fluid or is dissolved, dispersed or suspended in a fluid carrier. Most preferably the first reagent is dissolved to form a stable solution in a carrier liquid.
- the carrier liquid is an oil, preferably a mineral or synthetic oil or mixtures thereof.
- the liquid should have a viscosity such that the liquid is capable of flowing 0 out of a rupture in the blister pack under its own weight at ambient temperature and pressure.
- oils are selected from the group consisting of silicone (including fluorinated silicone), petroleum, glycol, ester and fluorocarbon (including perfluorocarbon).
- silicone and paraffin oils are preferred. 5
- the carrier fluid has a kinematic viscosity in the range of
- the carrier liquid may additionally comprise materials such as anti-oxidants, ultra-violet filters, stabilisers, solvents and the like.
- the closure comprises a substrate that carries the second reagent.
- the substrate comprises a support, preferably an absorbent pad.
- the absorbent pad offers a degree of rigidity but remains compressible, and should preferably be able to absorb and disperse a fluid substantially throughout its structure.
- the support is preferably formed from fibrous materials selected from cellulose fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres, polyamide fibres, carbon fibre and mineral fibres.
- the absorbent pad is manufactured from cellulose fibres.
- the substrate is pre-treated with the second reagent.
- the substrate may be impregnated or coated with the second reagent.
- the support is spray coated with a solution second reagent. This provides a uniform coating, and thus optimises the reaction between the first and second reagent, which leads to a more uniform colour change.
- a surface of the support is provided with a latent printed image that is developed upon exposure to the fluid.
- the latent printed image may be a photographic image provided on an emulsion plate.
- the substrate undergoes a visible change, more preferably a colour change in response to exposure to the first reagent.
- a visible change may be selected to complement the brand associated with the product that the tamper evident closure is to be used with.
- the substrate is visible through the blister pack such that as the first reagent, which is in itself visible prior to first opening, comes into contact with the substrate, the visible change takes place on the support, which is also visible on or after first opening of the closure.
- the first and second reagents form a visual change due to reaction of their components.
- the reaction may be an acid/base reaction, a redox reaction, a precipitation reaction, a complex-formation reaction or a hydration reaction or other types of chemical or other organic compound reactions.
- the fluid may be acidic or basic and the indicating means may comprise a pH indicator which visibly changes on acidification or alkalisation respectively.
- the fluid may contain a compound which is oxidised or reduced upon exposure to the indicating means, or causes oxidation or reduction of the indicating means, either of which lead to a visible change.
- the reaction of the fluid with the indicating means causes the precipitation of a visibly contrasting material at the surface of the indicating means.
- a visible change may be effected in the indicating means by the formation of a metal-indicator complex from a metal ion solution and a complexing agent.
- the indicating means may comprise an anhydrous salt which undergoes a visible change upon exposure to an aqueous solution.
- an acid/base reaction is used.
- the first reagent is a pH indicator and is selected from those commonly used.
- Some preferred indicators are tabulated below in table 1. This shows some physical characteristics of the indicators, in aqueous solution, at 25°C. Particularly preferred indicators are bromocresol green, methol red and phenolphthalein. Table 1
- the indicator is generally entrained in the carrier liquid in a concentration of between 0.1 % to 10%, preferably 0.5% to 5%, most preferably 1 % to 3% based on the total volume of carrier liquid.
- Particularly preferred solvents include propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, butanone, 2-butoxyethanol, octan-1- ol, octan-2-ol and propane-1-2-diol.
- a particularly preferred solvent is propan-2-ol.
- water In order for an acid/base indicator to work, water must be present. In the present invention the water may be specifically entrained in the liquid carrier, in the solvent, or on the substrate. In practice, it is difficult to exclude water from the blister pack, thus trace amounts are usually present, which precludes the need to specifically add water to the liquid carrier composition. Additionally, upon release of the carrier fluid onto the support, atmospheric water is usually sufficient to enable a significant reaction, thus, a visual change.
- the concentration is preferably in the range of 0.5% to 10%, more preferably 1% to 5%, most preferably about 2% by weight of carrier fluid composition.
- Mixtures of indicators may also be used in order to provide a range of possible colour changes dependent upon the amount and types of indicators mixed.
- the substrate is preferably coated or impregnated with an acid or base, capable of reacting with the indicator, present in the blister pack, to produce a colour change in the indicator.
- Preferred second reagents are selected from organic acids, inorganic acids, organic alkalis and inorganic alkalis.
- Preferred acids are selected from sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric, tartaric, citric, malic, benzoic, sorbic, succinic, formic, acetic and propionic acid.
- Preferred alkalis are inorganic carbonates, hydroxides and bicarbonates, in particular, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate.
- the indicator may be present either in the blister pack or on the support, with the second reagent present on or in the alternative feature (the blister pack or substrate) not containing the indicator. However, preferably the blister pack contains the indicator and the support contains the second reagent.
- the closure comprises a cap and a cover, the sealed enclosure and the indicating means being housed within the cover, the cover being transparent over at least a portion of its surface to offer a view of at least a portion of the indicating means within the cover.
- the cap is a screw cap fitting or push-fitting for a container. More preferably, the cap and the cover together form a child safety closure.
- the sealed enclosure is ruptured upon relative movement between the cap and the cover. More preferably, the relative movement is in an axial direction.
- the closure comprises a number of projections that cause rupturing of the sealed enclosure upon opening of the closure. More preferably, the one or more projections are formed as an integral part of a closure cap.
- the indicating means comprises a number of apertures that receive the projections so that upon opening of the closure the projections pierce the bister pack thereby releasing the fluid.
- the tamper evident closure of the present invention is primarily intended to be used as an anti-counterfeit measure on a spirit or pharmaceutical bottle.
- the closure incorporates a liquid that when brought into contact with a reagent chemical contained in an absorbent pad, effects an irreversible colour change. This colour change will indicate to a consumer the bottle has been previously opened or tampered with.
- the design makes it very difficult for a counterfeiter to cover up or eradicate the visible effects. In particular, the only way a counterfeiter could do this would be to put in a replacement blister and an absorbent pad. Filling a blister pack with a liquid is a highly specialist task which makes replication very difficult.
- the ability to control the colour change to complement the branded goods provides a way of building up consumer recognition of the product and thereby establishing confidence in those products that carry the tamper evident closure of the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the components of one example of a tamper evident closure in accordance with the present invention
- Figures 2 and 3 show partial cross-sectional views of an assembled tamper evident closure in an unopened and opened configuration, respectively;
- Figures 4 and 5 show partial cross-sectional views of another example of a tamper evident closure in accordance with the present invention in an unopened or opened configuration respectively.
- FIGS 1 to 3 illustrate the components of an example of a tamper evident closure 1 in accordance with the present invention.
- the device 1 consists of a thermo-formed blister 2, an absorbent pad 3, a screw cap 4, and a cover 5.
- the thermo-formed blister 2 contains a very small volume of liquid paraffin (0.6ml).
- the blister consists of a hard outer shell made of a material such as PET and a much thinner membranous seal made of the same material. As will be described below, the membrane is punctured during the opening of the closure 1 to release the liquid content of the blister 2.
- the absorbent pad 3 is provided to absorb the contents of the blister 2 on opening of the closure.
- the absorbent pad 3 incorporates a reagent that is sensitive to exposure to the liquid within the blister 2 to change colour and thereby signal that the closure has been opened.
- the pad 3 may be made of paper, pulp, cotton, plastics, or other absorbent material.
- a preferred absorbent pad is one made of cellulose fibres. It is preferred that the absorbent pad has a degree of rigidity to aid the assembly of the closure. It should also be compressible with a degree of resilience to facilitate the initial rupture of the blister 2 and dispersal of the contents thereof.
- the screw cap 4 is designed to act as the primary seal of a bottle having a correspondingly threaded neck portion.
- the screw cap 4 carries one or more projections 6 which cooperate with an aperture 7 formed in the absorbent pad 3 to provide a means of puncturing the blister 2 upon relative axial movement between the screw cap 4 and the cover 5.
- the screw cap 4 also includes a "male" serrated crown wheel 7, that forms one part of a child-safety type interlock required initially to open the closure.
- the cover 5 is transparent over at least a portion of its extent to enable any colour change in the absorbent pad 3 to be seen by a consumer.
- the cover 5 carries a tear strip 8 to stop accidental activation of the tamper evident closure 1.
- the cover 5 includes a "female" serrated crown wheel 9 that cooperates with the corresponding male crown wheel 7 on the screw cap 4 when the closure 1 is first opened.
- the cover 5 is also provided with a profiled internal cavity to receive the blister 2, absorbent pad 3 and screw cap 4.
- the cover 5 is first placed open side up.
- the thermo-formed blister 2 is then placed inside with the hard shell down and the membrane facing up.
- the absorbent pad 3 is then placed inside the cover 5 on top of the blister 2 within the cavity.
- the screw cap 4 is then located within the cover 5 by pressing a male retaining ring 11 carried by the screw cap 4 into a first female groove 12 provided within the cover 5. Once this retaining ring 11 has been snap fitted into its female counterpart 12 the tamper evident closure 1 is ready for application to a bottle.
- the tamper evident closure 1 is fitted to a bottle 13 by screwing the cover 5 in a clockwise direction onto a correspondingly threaded neck. It is important that during this process the downward force used is not enough to active the mechanism. Once the tamper evident closure 1 has been screwed home the device is ready to be used.
- the consumer simply removes the tear strip 8 from the circumference of the cover 5. This allows a relative downward axial movement of the cover 5 to engage the male serrations 7 carried by the screw cap 4 with the female serrations 9 carried by the cover. Simultaneously, the blister 2 is ruptured by the projection 6 carried on the screw cap and the contents of the blister are released onto the absorbent pad 3, thereby effecting a change in colour. At this time, the retaining ring 11 carried by the screw cap 4 engages irreversibly with a second female groove 14 carried by the cover 5. This operation is signalled by an audible "click" to provide another signal to the consumer that the closure has operated correctly.
- the tamper evident closure 20 shown in Figures 4 and 5 comprises a cover 21 having a tear strip 22.
- the cover 21 houses a blister 23, an absorbent pad 24, and a screw cap 25 having a number of projections 26.
- the screw cap 25 is fitted to a complementary threaded push-fitting 27.
- the push-fitting 27 includes an integral skirt 28, plug 29 and threaded spout section 30.
- the present invention provides a tamper evident closure in which it is immediately obvious to a consumer as to whether or not the product has been tampered with.
- the change in colour offers a highly visible indication of this.
- the visual change is irreversible once the closure has been opened.
- the design makes it very difficult for a counterfeiter to cover up or eradicate the visible effects. The only way a counterfeiter could do this would be to put in a replacement blister and an absorbent pad. Filling a blister pack with a liquid is a highly specialist task which makes replication very difficult.
- closure it is possible to construct the closure so that it will be broken by any attempt to disassemble it.
- the provision of a tear strip makes it difficult to inadvertently trigger the mechanism in a retail environment since the tear strip has first to be removed from the cover. This feature offers another indication that the closure has been tampered with.
- a 5.0% solution of sodium hydroxide was are produced using distilled water. 200 grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 4.0 litres of distilled water and stirred for three minutes. A clear solution was obtained. This solution may then be spray coated onto the support.
- This indicator works on paper pads which have been treated with sodium hydroxide and changes colour from yellow to blue.
- the two combinations of indicators are then mixed together in equal volume ratios and stirred for at least three minutes. This produces a final combination of a golden yellow colour. This combination works on paper pads that have been pretreated with sodium hydroxide and changes colour to green.
- the mixture was removed from the water bath and left to cool down to room temperature. A colourless solution with white clouds should be obtained by the end of this step.
- the bromocresol solution was prepared as per Example 4, except that 9 ml of bromocresol green was dissolved in 450 ml of silicone oil 20mm 2 /s. The solutions were then mixed and stirred. The final solution colour was faint yellow. This combination works on paper pads that have been pre-treated with sodium hydroxide and changes colour to light mauve.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HU0301639A HUP0301639A2 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | Tamper evident closure |
EP02718351A EP1385753B1 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | Tamper evident closure |
IL15872502A IL158725A0 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | Tamper evident closure |
DE60208999T DE60208999T2 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | ORIGINALITY CLOSURE |
BR0205114-1A BR0205114A (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | Tamper-proof closure, combination of a container and tamper-proof closure, blister pack, and use of a blister pack |
BG108406A BG108406A (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2003-12-02 | Tamper evident closure |
HR20030999A HRP20030999A2 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2003-12-03 | Tamper evident closure |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01304056 | 2001-05-03 | ||
EP01304056.3 | 2001-05-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002090204A1 true WO2002090204A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
Family
ID=8181943
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2002/001775 WO2002090204A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-18 | Tamper evident closure |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6938757B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1385753B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003002344A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20020084819A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1397471A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE316916T1 (en) |
BG (1) | BG108406A (en) |
BR (1) | BR0205114A (en) |
CO (1) | CO5550479A2 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ20033287A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60208999T2 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20030999A2 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0301639A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL158725A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA02004361A (en) |
PL (1) | PL366472A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2003134958A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002090204A1 (en) |
YU (1) | YU98602A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200300071B (en) |
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AUPP062897A0 (en) | 1997-11-28 | 1998-01-08 | C.T.E.B. Equipment Pty Ltd | Tamper evident child resistant container closure |
US6609612B2 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-08-26 | James A. Vlodek | Closure with selectively operable dispense feature |
-
2002
- 2002-04-18 AT AT02718351T patent/ATE316916T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-18 HU HU0301639A patent/HUP0301639A2/en unknown
- 2002-04-18 EP EP02718351A patent/EP1385753B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-18 RU RU2003134958/12A patent/RU2003134958A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-18 PL PL02366472A patent/PL366472A1/en unknown
- 2002-04-18 BR BR0205114-1A patent/BR0205114A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-18 YU YU98602A patent/YU98602A/en unknown
- 2002-04-18 DE DE60208999T patent/DE60208999T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-18 IL IL15872502A patent/IL158725A0/en unknown
- 2002-04-18 CZ CZ20033287A patent/CZ20033287A3/en unknown
- 2002-04-18 WO PCT/GB2002/001775 patent/WO2002090204A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-25 JP JP2002124758A patent/JP2003002344A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-29 CN CN02118870A patent/CN1397471A/en active Pending
- 2002-04-30 MX MXPA02004361A patent/MXPA02004361A/en unknown
- 2002-05-02 KR KR1020020024037A patent/KR20020084819A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-02 US US10/137,743 patent/US6938757B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-03 ZA ZA200300071A patent/ZA200300071B/en unknown
- 2003-12-02 BG BG108406A patent/BG108406A/en unknown
- 2003-12-03 HR HR20030999A patent/HRP20030999A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-12-03 CO CO03106532A patent/CO5550479A2/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
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EP0279574A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-24 | CMB Foodcan plc | Analytical test strip |
US5265744A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1993-11-30 | Billy Duty | Tamper-proof cap |
WO1999024329A1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-05-20 | Cambridge Consultants Limited | Tamper evident closure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20020195413A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
ATE316916T1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
EP1385753B1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
PL366472A1 (en) | 2005-02-07 |
CZ20033287A3 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
MXPA02004361A (en) | 2004-05-05 |
YU98602A (en) | 2003-08-29 |
HUP0301639A2 (en) | 2003-10-28 |
CN1397471A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
RU2003134958A (en) | 2004-10-27 |
BR0205114A (en) | 2003-05-13 |
DE60208999D1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
DE60208999T2 (en) | 2006-09-21 |
CO5550479A2 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
ZA200300071B (en) | 2004-02-25 |
EP1385753A1 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
BG108406A (en) | 2004-08-31 |
IL158725A0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
HRP20030999A2 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
US6938757B2 (en) | 2005-09-06 |
JP2003002344A (en) | 2003-01-08 |
KR20020084819A (en) | 2002-11-11 |
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