WO2003053715A2 - Anti-fraud apparatus and method for protecting valuables - Google Patents
Anti-fraud apparatus and method for protecting valuables Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003053715A2 WO2003053715A2 PCT/GB2002/005881 GB0205881W WO03053715A2 WO 2003053715 A2 WO2003053715 A2 WO 2003053715A2 GB 0205881 W GB0205881 W GB 0205881W WO 03053715 A2 WO03053715 A2 WO 03053715A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valuable
- image
- tag
- digitised
- stone
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks
- G01N33/381—Concrete; ceramics; glass; bricks precious stones; pearls
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/87—Investigating jewels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
- G06Q10/087—Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for characterising valuables, particularly but not exclusively precious or semiprecious stones, to identification certificates obtainable by the apparatus or method, and to methods of checking for fraudulent transactions or operations on a valuable, particularly but not exclusively precious or semi-precious stones.
- the invention also relates to electronically tagged valuables. It is conventional to characterise diamonds and other precious semiprecious stones by their carat (weight), colour, clarity and cut, known as the 4C's. These characteristics can be checked relatively easily by accurate weighing and optical examination and are conventionally recorded on a printed certificate which accompanies the gem and evidences its authenticity. However, the colour and clarity of a diamond are somewhat subjective and it is not unknown for fraudulent substitutions to be made in traded gems.
- GB 2,358,541 A discloses optical apparatus for capturing a three- dimensional image of a diamond.
- the resulting digitised images are subject to degradation by pixellation and are limited in resolution.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome or alleviate at least some of the above problems.
- the invention provides a method of characterising a cut or uncut precious or semi-precious stone comprising the steps of acquiring a high resolution image of at least one characteristic feature of the stone, digitising said image and storing the digitised image in association with an identifier of the stone.
- a high resolution image is meant an image of resolution sufficiently high to define features such as irregularities which are characteristic of the individual stone.
- the resolution is higher than optical resolution.
- the image is an electron micrograph and the selected characteristic feature is an irregular region at the boundary of two or more facets, e.g. at the culet or (in the case of an emerald cut diamond) the keel which are highly characteristic of an individual gem stone, especially at the resolution of an electron microscope.
- the digitised image is stored in an electronic tag.
- a particularly preferred electronic tag is the ME1 Hitachi-Maxell RFID chip as made by Hitachi.
- Such tags are highly miniaturised and can be written to and read from in a contactless manner and incorporated permanently in a certificate in a tamper-proof manner.
- the tag can be sealed within a certificate of plastics material.
- Cut or uncut precious or semi-precious stones that have been characterised by the method defined above are also included within the first aspect of the invention.
- the invention provides an identification certificate for a cut or uncut precious or semi-precious stone, the certificate including an electronic tag in which a digitised image of at least one characteristic feature of the individual stone is stored.
- the irregular region is as described above, particularly the culet, keel, girdle, table or crown and preferably the electronic tag is an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag.
- the digitised image is an electron micrograph and preferably the digitised image is stored in encrypted form.
- the electronic tag is permanently secured to the certificate in a tamper-proof manner.
- the invention provides apparatus for certifying a valuable, the app ⁇ ;atus comprising means for acquiring a high (preferably higher-than-optical) resolution digitised image of at least one characterising region of the valuable, means for encrypting said digitised image and writing means arranged to write said encrypted digitised image to an electronic identifier tag associated with said valuable.
- Such apparatus can be used to provide genuine proof of both authenticity and ownership.
- the apparatus further comprises transmitting means arranged to transmit said encrypted digitised image and an identifier for valuable to a remote server posting a database of such encrypted digitised images and identifiers.
- the image acquiring means comprises an electron microscope.
- the invention provides a method of checking for fraudulent transactions involving or operations on a valuable, the method comprising the steps of acquiring a high (preferably higher-than-optical) resolution image of at least one characterising region of the valuable, reading a similar image from an electronic identifier tag associated with the valuable and comparing the images.
- the method comprises the further step of receiving from a database of such images a previously acquired digitised image having an identifier corresponding to an identifier store in said electronic identifier tag.
- Each identifier can be stored in association with its corresponding digitised image in the database and accordingly a digitised image can be retrieved by selecting the appropriate identifier.
- financial transaction data pertaining to the valuable as identified by an identifier stored in said electronic identifier tag are received from a database.
- This database can either be the same database as the image database referred to above, or a completely separate database maintained by e.g. a financial institution such as a bank or a credit card or insurance company. This feature enables a register of transactions in a given valuable to be kept, so that any attempted transactions in a stolen valuable can be detected by comparison with this register.
- the characterising region is preferably an irregular region of the stone, e.g. the culet, keel, girdle, table or crown facets as noted above.
- the digitised images are stored in encrypted form and are decrypted prior to the comparison.
- the invention provides a valuable having secured thereto a hidden electronic identifier tag, the electronic identifier tag having a stored image of at least one characterising region of the valuable and an identifier of the valuable.
- the electronic tag is an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag or the like, since such tags can be made in highly miniaturised form and hidden quite easily, particularly in larger valuables such as paintings or furniture.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- Any copy of the valuable can easily be detected by scanning for the tag. Any tampering with the valuable can be detected by acquiring a fresh image of one or more characteristic regions and comparing these images with the corresponding stored images in the tag.
- the stored image or images are of higher-than-optical resolution in order to discourage normal fraudulent alteration which is dependent upon the faker's eyesight with, at best, enhancement by optical means such as a magnifying glass.
- the acquired image need not be an electron micrograph and accordingly this aspect of the invention is applicable to valuables unable to be imaged by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), for example because they are too large to fit inside the imaging chamber.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the images could be optical.
- the advantages of the invention in its various aspects arise from the highly detailed information which can be stored securely, either in a very small electronic memory in an electronic tag associated with the valuable (e.g. incorporated in a certificate associated with the valuable or even hidden in the valuable itself) or remotely e.g. in a database on a remote server.
- the image data is encrypted in order to provide further security.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus for certifying or verifying a cut or uncut precious or semi-precious stone or other valuable
- Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view showing a valuable having an identifier tag hidden thereon in accordance with another aspect of the invention
- Figure 3 is an example of an electron micrograph of the culet of a diamond as obtained by the apparatus of Figure 1 ; and Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware and software system incorporating the apparatus of Figure 1.
- the apparatus shown in Figure 1 comprises a computer 1 having a hard disk 4 (and a conventional microprocessor provided with RAM and ROM and a conventional operating system) controlled from a keyboard 2 and optionally a pointing device such as a mouse (not shown).
- the computer 1 has a suitable interface (not shown) for the output of a scanning electron microscope 11 and images from the scanning electron microscope preferably with optical colour images can be displayed on a screen 3, stored on hard disk 4 and encrypted under the control of any suitable encryption software running on computer 1.
- the resulting digitised images are output to an inductive writer 6 which is arranged to store the images in a memory 8 of a miniature RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag 7, such as Hitachi-Maxwell ME1 chip which picks up the wireless signals by means of a miniature on-chip 9.
- the tag typically has dimensions of 2.5mm x 2.5mm x 0.6mm.
- the tag 7 now contains encrypted digitised electron micrograph images and preferably also optical images in non-volatile memory and can be read by reader/writer 6.
- a stone 12 is indicated on a greatly enlarged scale and it will be noted that the scanning electron microscope 11 is directed at a girdle region 14 or table region 15 which may or may not be cut or polished but which is highly characteristic of an individual gem stone in view of the large number of facet boundaries and minute irregularities it contains.
- the scanning electron microscope is also arranged to view the crown 15 of the stone 12 as indicated at 11a and to view the culet 13 as indicated at 11b. Encrypted digitised electron micrographs are acquired, preferably in at least these three views.
- the culet 13 and the adjacent tips of facets F1 , F2 and F3 are shown as they appear in the electron micrograph acquired by the scanning electron microscope in position 11b and the irregularities in this characteristic region are readily apparent.
- the magnification is x 1000.
- the apparatus of Figure 1 can also be used for verifying a diamond 12 or another gem stone or indeed any other valuable having an associated electronic tag containing digitised electron micrographs or other physical data of characteristic regions which can be used for identification purposes.
- These previously obtained electron micrographs are retrieved by computer 1 either directly from the associated RFID tag 7 using the reader/writer 6 or by accessing a remote archive 140 ( Figure 4 - discussed in more detail below) using a communications link 5.
- These are displayed on the screen 3 and compared (e.g. visually) with electron micrographs acquired from corresponding view points from the gem stone 12 or other valuable as presented for evaluation. If the images match, then the gem stone or other valuable can be considered to be authentic.
- a suitable selection of images are compared, it is highly likely that any re-cutting or tampering with the stone will be detectable.
- a "natural” is often left at the culet 13 or at other regions of a gem stone to ensure that the weight just exceeds one of the standard weights, e.g. 1.00 carat.
- the value per carat of a gem stone falling fractionally below one of the standard carat weights is far less than the value per carat of a gem stone lying just above a standard carat.
- the "naturals" of a gem stone are normally highly irregular and therefore highly characteristic of an individual stone and are particularly suitable for imaging by an electron microscope for identification purposes.
- other higher than optical resolution modes of imaging may be employed, e.g. X-ray or laser imaging or tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM).
- the RFID tag 7 may be attached to the valuable V in a concealed fashion (e.g. in a rear corner of a painting as shown in Figure 2).
- One or more images of characteristic regions of the valuable V are stored in digitised encrypted form in the RFID tag 7 in a manner similar to that described with reference to Figure 1 and the valuable V can subsequently be authenticated by electronically scanning for the digitised image information stored in the RFID tag 7, retrieving and decrypting this information using the computer controlled reader/writer 6 of Figure 1 and comparing the digitised images with freshly acquired images of the same characteristic regions.
- transaction data or other financial data pertaining to the valuable V or gem stone 12 can be stored in association with the digitised images in a remote database and retrieved by computer 1 using a communications link 5 in order to establish a complete chain of ownership back to the original producer of the gem stone 12 or, more generally, the first recorded owner of a valuable V.
- a communications link 5 in order to establish a complete chain of ownership back to the original producer of the gem stone 12 or, more generally, the first recorded owner of a valuable V.
- a scanning electron microscope imaging system 11 is linked to a hard drive 4 of a computer and is arranged to generate RFID tags storing encrypted digitised electron micrographs by process 17 as already described in relation to Figure 1.
- a communications link 5 links the computer with its hard drive to an archive retrieval system 140 (e.g. a server) which hosts an image and information database 110. As shown, this database includes fields for the identifier (# symbol 1 to # symbol n), images (11, 12 .... In) and transactions
- the archive retrieval system 140 is also linked to a payment card anti- fraud link 130 which connects to a remote retrieval site 100 owned e.g. by a financial institution such as a credit card or insurance company or bank. Only if the gem stone 12 or valuable V is authenticated does the financial institution authorise a credit card or other payment from a buyer wishing to acquire the gem stone or other valuable from the purported owner.
- the payment card anti-fraud link 130 may also provide credit card verification or other credit information to computer 1 which may be located at a retail outlet.
- data encryption and decryption may be provided by a separate block 120 which communicates with database 110, payment card anti-fraud link 130 and the computer 1.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02788239A EP1465779B1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Anti-fraud method for protecting valuable stones |
US10/499,851 US20050103840A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Anti-fraud apparatus and method for protecting valuables |
DE60226898T DE60226898D1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | FRAUD PREVENTION METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF VALUABLE STONES |
AU2002353221A AU2002353221A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Anti-fraud apparatus and method for protecting valuables |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0130540.8A GB0130540D0 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Method for displaying information |
GB0130540.8 | 2001-12-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003053715A2 true WO2003053715A2 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
WO2003053715A3 WO2003053715A3 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
Family
ID=9928078
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2002/005881 WO2003053715A2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-12-20 | Anti-fraud apparatus and method for protecting valuables |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050103840A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1465779B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE397209T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002353221A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60226898D1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB0130540D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003053715A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
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JP4285277B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2009-06-24 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | Image capturing apparatus, electronic tag information and image data management system, and program |
FR2877472B1 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2008-06-06 | Novatec Sa Sa Soc | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VERIFYING NO INTRUSION IN A SYSTEM AND / OR NON-INTEGRITY WITH THE INTEGRITY OF AN OBJECT |
US20090201129A1 (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2009-08-13 | Stannards Accountants | Authenticity Determination |
WO2007022282A2 (en) * | 2005-08-16 | 2007-02-22 | Anaconda Sports, Inc. | Bat with an identification device |
CN1815192A (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2006-08-09 | 王辉 | Jewel internal-structure detection method and apparatus |
CN102183491A (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2011-09-14 | 王辉 | Detecting device for internal structure of jewelry |
US20110082969A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2011-04-07 | James Joseph Macor | Associative data storage devices for authentication of collectable objects |
US7422147B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2008-09-09 | Walter Steven Rosenbaum | System and method for detecting fraudulent transactions of items having item-identifying indicia |
US7945487B2 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2011-05-17 | Arrow Electronics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for certified secondary market inventory management |
US20080249899A1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Nasser Gabriel G | System and Method for Inventory |
WO2009032640A2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Contactless memory information storage for sample analysis and hand-holdable analyzer for use therewith |
US8229070B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-07-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Intrafraction motion management using a rough to accurate monitoring strategy |
US20120001737A1 (en) * | 2010-05-13 | 2012-01-05 | Amir Berger | Method and system for computed radiography |
US11270294B2 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2022-03-08 | James J. Macor | System and method for authentication of collectable objects |
IN2015KN00453A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2015-07-17 | Gemex Systems Inc | |
US9756774B1 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2017-09-12 | Ag Leader Technology, Inc. | Automatic in field variety identification |
US10235542B2 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-03-19 | NanoRosetta, LLC | Jewelry including etched or printed information and method to optically or wirelessly access digital replica of the etched or printed information |
US20190251347A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2019-08-15 | Sterling Jewelers, Inc. | Object characterization and authentication |
IT201700012647A1 (en) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-06 | Jean Luc Bussa | Anti-counterfeiting device and relative identification system. |
CA3058554A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Engemma Oy | Gemological object recognition |
RU2739134C1 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-12-21 | Голдвэй Текнолоджи Лимитед | Method and system for determining a color group for diamonds |
US11326952B2 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2022-05-10 | Goldway Technology Limited | Process and system for colour grading for diamonds |
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US5899503A (en) | 1996-11-11 | 1999-05-04 | Yoshizawa; Hiroaki | Gem certificate, gem grading report, guarantee, and method of guaranteeing jewelry |
GB2358541A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-07-25 | Diamond And Jewelry 4 U Ltd | Gemstone image capture system |
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-
2001
- 2001-12-20 GB GBGB0130540.8A patent/GB0130540D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-12-20 GB GB0229827A patent/GB2384130C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-20 EP EP02788239A patent/EP1465779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-20 WO PCT/GB2002/005881 patent/WO2003053715A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-12-20 AU AU2002353221A patent/AU2002353221A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-12-20 DE DE60226898T patent/DE60226898D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-20 AT AT02788239T patent/ATE397209T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-20 US US10/499,851 patent/US20050103840A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5899503A (en) | 1996-11-11 | 1999-05-04 | Yoshizawa; Hiroaki | Gem certificate, gem grading report, guarantee, and method of guaranteeing jewelry |
GB2358541A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-07-25 | Diamond And Jewelry 4 U Ltd | Gemstone image capture system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2384130A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
GB0130540D0 (en) | 2002-02-06 |
AU2002353221A8 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
ATE397209T1 (en) | 2008-06-15 |
US20050103840A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
GB2384130B (en) | 2004-12-15 |
WO2003053715A3 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
EP1465779B1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
EP1465779A2 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
DE60226898D1 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
GB0229827D0 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
AU2002353221A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
GB2384130C (en) | 2011-08-12 |
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