WO2003055608A1 - Method and apparatus for making flotation more effective - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making flotation more effective Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003055608A1
WO2003055608A1 PCT/FI2002/000977 FI0200977W WO03055608A1 WO 2003055608 A1 WO2003055608 A1 WO 2003055608A1 FI 0200977 W FI0200977 W FI 0200977W WO 03055608 A1 WO03055608 A1 WO 03055608A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flotation
slurry
cell
air
feed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2002/000977
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Heikki Oravainen
Original Assignee
Outokumpu Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Outokumpu Oyj filed Critical Outokumpu Oyj
Priority to AU2002350758A priority Critical patent/AU2002350758A1/en
Publication of WO2003055608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003055608A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/16—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines
    • B03D1/18—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines without air supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/24—Pneumatic
    • B03D1/247—Mixing gas and slurry in a device separate from the flotation tank, i.e. reactor-separator type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
    • B03D1/1456—Feed mechanisms for the slurry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the method and apparatus defined in the preambles of the independent claims for making flotation more effective.
  • a flotation machine used for recovering valuable ingredients comprises a flotation cell provided with an inlet aperture for feeding slurry into the cell and an outlet aperture for the non-flotated material to be removed from the flotation cell.
  • Flotation cells can be single mixing vessels coupled in series or in parallel. In shape, they can be rectangular or cylindrical, with a horizontal or vertical position.
  • the air needed for producing the foam is fed in through a hollow rotatable axis, which axis is connected to an agitating member that mixes the slurry in order to maintain the slurry in suspension. When the agitator rotates, air is fed into the slurry, and air bubbles are dispersed in the slurry.
  • the cell can also be pneumatic, in which case air is fed to the cell through specific elements, and mechanical mixing is not applied.
  • reagents attached onto the surface of the valuable particles that are contained in the slurry and should be recovered. These reagents make the valuable particles hydrophobic, and thus help them to be attached to the air bubbles.
  • the valuable particles start rising upwards, towards the free top surface of the flotation cell, where they form a stabile foam bed. From the foam layer, the valuable particles rise further to foam chutes.
  • the useless ingredients are made hydrophobic, in which case the valuable material remains non-flotated in the flotation process.
  • flotation is made more effective by feeding flowing material for slurry dilution to the top part of the cell, underneath the foam zone.
  • Said material can be liquid, such as water or diluted slurry.
  • the dilution reduces the slurry density near the boundary surface between the slurry and the foam and generates a stabile foam that is easily removed as overflow from the top part of the tank.
  • the object of the invention is to introduce a novel apparatus and method for making flotation more effective, according to which slurry is pretreated by air prior to feeding the slurry into the flotation cell.
  • the object of the invention is to pretreat the slurry by feeding air bubbles into the slurry flow through a porous lining in order to boost the creation of good flotation conditions already before the flotation cell.
  • the slurry to be fed in a flotation cell is pretreated by feeding air bubbles therein prior to feeding the slurry into the flotation cell, so that flotation conditions are created already before the flotation cell.
  • the slurry is fed into the flotation cell through a feed element, such as a pipe.
  • the purpose of the air bubbles is to enhance the recovery of valuable minerals from the slurry, i.e. to make the whole flotation process more effective.
  • By feeding small-size air bubbles into the slurry the mixing of air bubbles and slurry is made more effective, and particularly the recovery of minerals with a small grain size is intensified in the flotation step proper.
  • the air feed pressure must be higher than the pressure of the flowing slurry in the feed element.
  • a nozzle or the like into the slurry there is fed at least flotation reagents, for instance advantageously before feeding in air, which reagents make it possible that the air bubbles carrying valuable particles remain separate and are not combined.
  • Certain reagents make the valuable particles hydrophobic, and thus help the valuable particles to be attached to the air bubbles.
  • air bubbles are fed into the slurry by means of a feeding nozzle before the slurry enters the flotation cell.
  • air is fed in at that point of the pipe where the prevailing pressure is highest, i.e. where the feed element, such as a venturi pipe, is thinnest.
  • Air is fed through a specific feed nozzle or the like to an air cavity, from which it proceeds through a porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element, to the pipe exactly when the highest pressure prevails.
  • the feed element is, at the point where air is fed in, completely lined with a wear-resistant material, and the air cavity is arranged around it.
  • the maximum diameter of said bubbles being one millimeter.
  • the flotation process is made more effective and the flotation rate is increased, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the flotation cell, or to leave one of the cells out of the series, and consequently save in the expenses.
  • the slurry that is treated with air can be fed into the cell either through the top of the cell, through the bottom of the cell or most advantageously through the side of the cell.
  • Flotation is made more effective, when the slurry to be fed into the cell already contains bubbles bearing valuable minerals, and the flotation time is reduced. In addition, particularly the recovery of small valuable mineral particles is made more effective.
  • more air and reagents required by the flotation process can be fed into the flotation cell.
  • FIG. 1 Cross-sectional illustration of an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side-view illustration of that point of a venturi pipe 1 where air is fed into the slurry flowing in the venturi pipe.
  • Air is fed through a specific feed nozzle 2 designed for the purpose, at a high pressure to an air cavity 3 that surrounds the pipe 1.
  • air is conducted through a ceramic element 4 surrounding the pipe to said pipe, so that the air bubbles are formed as the air flow proceeds through the small holes - with a diameter that is advantageously less than one millimeter - provided in the ceramic element.
  • the feeding pressure is in proportion to the flow rate of the slurry flowing in the pipe.
  • the flotation reagent Before feeding air into the slurry, there is added the flotation reagent through the nozzle 5.
  • the reagent ensures that the air bubbles carrying the valuable particles remain separate and are not combined.
  • a normal flotation process takes place, and more flotation reagents can also be added into the slurry in the flotation cell.
  • FIGs 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate various different ways to realize the invention.
  • Slurry can be fed into the flotation cell at many different spots of the cell.
  • slurry is conducted through a venturi pipe 1 to a feed box 7, where excessive flotation is created.
  • the slurry is conducted into the flotation cell 6 at the lower part of the cell side 8, from where it rises as foam to the top part of the cell, and the valuable ingredients are collected for instance as overflow into the chutes.
  • Air is added into the slurry through the feed nozzle 2, from where it proceeds to the air cavity 3 and further through the ceramic element 4 to the slurry flow as air bubbles.
  • the flotation reagents are fed into the slurry flow through the nozzle 5.
  • Figure 2b differs from the latter in that the air feed point is arranged to be nearer to the flotation cell, and there is no feed aperture.
  • Figure 2c illustrates how slurry is fed through the top part of the cell.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for making flotation more effective, said apparatus comprising a flotation cell provided with appropriate flotation means and a feed element such as a pipe for feeding slurry into the flotation cell; in the feed element (1), there is arranged at least one feed nozzle (2) for adding air into the slurry before the slurry enters the flotation cell (6). In addition, the invention relates to a method for making flotation more effective by using the apparatus according to claim 1, said apparatus comprising a flotation cell provided with appropriate flotation means, and a feed element such as a pipe for feeding slurry into the flotation cell, so that into the slurry flowing in the feed element (1), there is fed air through at least one feed nozzle (2) before the slurry enters the flotation cell (6).

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FLOTATION MORE EFFECTIVE
The invention relates to the method and apparatus defined in the preambles of the independent claims for making flotation more effective.
Generally a flotation machine used for recovering valuable ingredients, such as metal concentrates, comprises a flotation cell provided with an inlet aperture for feeding slurry into the cell and an outlet aperture for the non-flotated material to be removed from the flotation cell. Flotation cells can be single mixing vessels coupled in series or in parallel. In shape, they can be rectangular or cylindrical, with a horizontal or vertical position. The air needed for producing the foam is fed in through a hollow rotatable axis, which axis is connected to an agitating member that mixes the slurry in order to maintain the slurry in suspension. When the agitator rotates, air is fed into the slurry, and air bubbles are dispersed in the slurry. The cell can also be pneumatic, in which case air is fed to the cell through specific elements, and mechanical mixing is not applied. Into the flotation cell, there are also fed reagents attached onto the surface of the valuable particles that are contained in the slurry and should be recovered. These reagents make the valuable particles hydrophobic, and thus help them to be attached to the air bubbles. When the valuable particles are attached to the air bubbles, they start rising upwards, towards the free top surface of the flotation cell, where they form a stabile foam bed. From the foam layer, the valuable particles rise further to foam chutes. In a so-called reversed flotation, the useless ingredients are made hydrophobic, in which case the valuable material remains non-flotated in the flotation process.
Nowadays the trend is towards using vertical cells that are still cylindrical and normally level-based. One of the problems is that the solid matter is collected on the bottom, where it forms a stabile layer. This is due to an inefficient agitator: the mixing range does not extend far enough. Another common difficulty is that the mineral particles that are already attached to gas bubbles cannot be removed from the flotation cell, because the circulations created in the cell and particularly on its surface and in its top part proceed in the wrong direction, or because they are too weak, i.e. they cannot transfer the flotated gas bubbles out of the cell. It is often necessary to arrange several flotation cells in succession in order to obtain the desired result. It is particularly difficult to make small bubbles, with a diameter smaller than one millimeter, to rise up to the top in the flotation cell.
According to the publication FI 19992675, flotation is made more effective by feeding flowing material for slurry dilution to the top part of the cell, underneath the foam zone. Said material can be liquid, such as water or diluted slurry. The dilution reduces the slurry density near the boundary surface between the slurry and the foam and generates a stabile foam that is easily removed as overflow from the top part of the tank.
The object of the invention is to introduce a novel apparatus and method for making flotation more effective, according to which slurry is pretreated by air prior to feeding the slurry into the flotation cell. In particular, the object of the invention is to pretreat the slurry by feeding air bubbles into the slurry flow through a porous lining in order to boost the creation of good flotation conditions already before the flotation cell.
The invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing parts of the independent claims. Other preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the other claims.
Remarkable advantages are achieved by using the apparatus and method according to the invention. According to the invention, the slurry to be fed in a flotation cell is pretreated by feeding air bubbles therein prior to feeding the slurry into the flotation cell, so that flotation conditions are created already before the flotation cell. The slurry is fed into the flotation cell through a feed element, such as a pipe. The purpose of the air bubbles is to enhance the recovery of valuable minerals from the slurry, i.e. to make the whole flotation process more effective. By feeding small-size air bubbles into the slurry, the mixing of air bubbles and slurry is made more effective, and particularly the recovery of minerals with a small grain size is intensified in the flotation step proper. The air feed pressure must be higher than the pressure of the flowing slurry in the feed element. By means of a nozzle or the like, into the slurry there is fed at least flotation reagents, for instance advantageously before feeding in air, which reagents make it possible that the air bubbles carrying valuable particles remain separate and are not combined. Certain reagents make the valuable particles hydrophobic, and thus help the valuable particles to be attached to the air bubbles. At least at one spot of the feeding element, air bubbles are fed into the slurry by means of a feeding nozzle before the slurry enters the flotation cell. Advantageously air is fed in at that point of the pipe where the prevailing pressure is highest, i.e. where the feed element, such as a venturi pipe, is thinnest. When a high pressure prevails, the mixing effect of air bubbles is advantageously at its best, and a maximum amount of valuable particles is attached to the bubbles. Air is fed through a specific feed nozzle or the like to an air cavity, from which it proceeds through a porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element, to the pipe exactly when the highest pressure prevails. Advantageously the feed element is, at the point where air is fed in, completely lined with a wear-resistant material, and the air cavity is arranged around it. Advantageously into the pipe there are fed small air bubbles that are created when air passes through the porous ceramic element, the maximum diameter of said bubbles being one millimeter. According to the invention, the flotation process is made more effective and the flotation rate is increased, which makes it possible to reduce the size of the flotation cell, or to leave one of the cells out of the series, and consequently save in the expenses. The slurry that is treated with air can be fed into the cell either through the top of the cell, through the bottom of the cell or most advantageously through the side of the cell. Flotation is made more effective, when the slurry to be fed into the cell already contains bubbles bearing valuable minerals, and the flotation time is reduced. In addition, particularly the recovery of small valuable mineral particles is made more effective. In addition, in the flotation process proper, more air and reagents required by the flotation process can be fed into the flotation cell.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference the appended drawings.
Figure 1 Cross-sectional illustration of an apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
Figures 2a, b, c Various preferred embodiments of the invention
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side-view illustration of that point of a venturi pipe 1 where air is fed into the slurry flowing in the venturi pipe. Air is fed through a specific feed nozzle 2 designed for the purpose, at a high pressure to an air cavity 3 that surrounds the pipe 1. From the air cavity 3, air is conducted through a ceramic element 4 surrounding the pipe to said pipe, so that the air bubbles are formed as the air flow proceeds through the small holes - with a diameter that is advantageously less than one millimeter - provided in the ceramic element. At the thinnest point of the pipe, air flows at the highest pressure, and air bubbles are mixed in the slurry and valuable particles are attached to the bubbles. The feeding pressure is in proportion to the flow rate of the slurry flowing in the pipe. Before feeding air into the slurry, there is added the flotation reagent through the nozzle 5. The reagent ensures that the air bubbles carrying the valuable particles remain separate and are not combined. On the surface of the air bubbles, there are attached mineral particles, and the mixture is conducted into the flotation cell through the venturi pipe. In the flotation cell, a normal flotation process takes place, and more flotation reagents can also be added into the slurry in the flotation cell.
Figures 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate various different ways to realize the invention. Slurry can be fed into the flotation cell at many different spots of the cell. In figure 2a, slurry is conducted through a venturi pipe 1 to a feed box 7, where excessive flotation is created. From the feed box 7, the slurry is conducted into the flotation cell 6 at the lower part of the cell side 8, from where it rises as foam to the top part of the cell, and the valuable ingredients are collected for instance as overflow into the chutes. Air is added into the slurry through the feed nozzle 2, from where it proceeds to the air cavity 3 and further through the ceramic element 4 to the slurry flow as air bubbles. The flotation reagents are fed into the slurry flow through the nozzle 5. Figure 2b differs from the latter in that the air feed point is arranged to be nearer to the flotation cell, and there is no feed aperture. Figure 2c illustrates how slurry is fed through the top part of the cell.
For a man skilled in the art, it is apparent that the various preferred embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the above explained examples only, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for making flotation more effective, said apparatus comprising a flotation cell provided with appropriate flotation means and a feed element such as a pipe for feeding slurry into the flotation cell, characterized in that in the feed element (1), there is arranged at least one feed nozzle (2) for feeding air into the slurry before the slurry enters the flotation cell (6).
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , characterized in that air is arranged to proceed through a porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4), to the slurry contained in the feed element (1).
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4) can be extended around the feed element (1).
4. An apparatus according to claim 1 - 3, characterized in that after passing through the porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4), the created air bubbles are small, with a maximum diameter of one millimeter.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1 - 4, characterized in that in connection with the feed element (1), there is arranged at least one nozzle (5) for adding flotation reagents into the slurry.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that at least one nozzle (5) for adding flotation reagents is arranged in connection with the feed element (1 ) before feeding in air.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1 - 6, characterized in that the feed nozzle (2) is placed at the thinnest spot of the feed element (1).
8. An apparatus according to claim 1 - 7, characterized in that the slurry is arranged to enter the flotation cell (6) through the top part of the cell.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 - 7, characterized in that the slurry is arranged to enter the flotation cell (6) through the side (8) of the cell.
10. A method for making flotation more effective by using an apparatus according to claim 1 , said apparatus comprising a flotation cell provided with appropriate flotation means and a feed element such as a pipe for feeding slurry into the flotation cell, characterized in that in the slurry flowing in the feed element (1), there is fed air through at least one feed nozzle (2) before the slurry enters the flotation cell (6).
11. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that air is fed through a porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4) to the slurry contained in the feed element (1).
12. A method according to claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4), extends around the feed element (1).
13. A method according to claim 10 - 12, characterized in that air proceeds through a porous, wear-resistant material, such as a ceramic element (4), and that the created air bubbles are small, with a maximum diameter of one millimeter.
14. A method according to claim 10 - 13, characterized in that into the slurry contained in the feed element (1), there are added flotation reagents through at least one nozzle (5).
15. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one nozzle (5) for adding flotation reagents is arranged in connection with the feed element (1) before feeding in air.
16. A method according to claim 10 - 15, characterized in that the feed nozzle (2) is placed at the thinnest spot of the feed element (1).
17. A method according to claim 10 - 16, characterized in that the slurry is fed into the flotation cell (6) through the top part of the cell.
18. A method according to claim 10 - 16, characterized in that the slurry is arranged to enter the flotation cell (6) through the side (8) of the cell.
PCT/FI2002/000977 2001-12-21 2002-12-03 Method and apparatus for making flotation more effective WO2003055608A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002350758A AU2002350758A1 (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-03 Method and apparatus for making flotation more effective

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20012538A FI20012538A (en) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Method and apparatus for enhancing foaming
FI20012538 2001-12-21

Publications (1)

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WO2003055608A1 true WO2003055608A1 (en) 2003-07-10

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AU (1) AU2002350758A1 (en)
FI (1) FI20012538A (en)
PE (1) PE20030651A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003055608A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130220894A1 (en) * 2010-11-03 2013-08-29 Lilla Grossman Flotation Apparatus and Flotation Method
US10569196B2 (en) 2013-08-28 2020-02-25 Outotec (Finland) Oy Method and apparatus for treating a feed stream for a flotation device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552343A1 (en) * 1983-09-27 1985-03-29 Rech Geolog Miniere Method and apparatus for separating using floatation
US5096572A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-17 Board Of Control Of Michigan Tech. University Froth flotation
US5397001A (en) * 1988-01-27 1995-03-14 Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State U. Apparatus for the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles using microbubble column flotation together with a process and apparatus for generation of microbubbles
WO1995021698A1 (en) * 1994-02-14 1995-08-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Apparatus and method for selective separation of hydrophobic material

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2552343A1 (en) * 1983-09-27 1985-03-29 Rech Geolog Miniere Method and apparatus for separating using floatation
US5397001A (en) * 1988-01-27 1995-03-14 Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State U. Apparatus for the separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles using microbubble column flotation together with a process and apparatus for generation of microbubbles
US5096572A (en) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-17 Board Of Control Of Michigan Tech. University Froth flotation
WO1995021698A1 (en) * 1994-02-14 1995-08-17 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Apparatus and method for selective separation of hydrophobic material

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130220894A1 (en) * 2010-11-03 2013-08-29 Lilla Grossman Flotation Apparatus and Flotation Method
US9475066B2 (en) * 2010-11-03 2016-10-25 Primetals Technologies Germany Gmbh Flotation apparatus and flotation method
US10569196B2 (en) 2013-08-28 2020-02-25 Outotec (Finland) Oy Method and apparatus for treating a feed stream for a flotation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20012538A0 (en) 2001-12-21
AU2002350758A1 (en) 2003-07-15
PE20030651A1 (en) 2003-09-10
FI20012538A (en) 2003-06-22

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