WO2003056269A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003056269A1 WO2003056269A1 PCT/AU2003/000006 AU0300006W WO03056269A1 WO 2003056269 A1 WO2003056269 A1 WO 2003056269A1 AU 0300006 W AU0300006 W AU 0300006W WO 03056269 A1 WO03056269 A1 WO 03056269A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- active surface
- heat
- fluid
- configuration
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
- H01L23/467—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing gases, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being formed by spirally-wound plates or laminae
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0028—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for cooling heat generating elements, e.g. for cooling electronic components or electric devices
- F28D2021/0029—Heat sinks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat dispersing structure (heat sink or heat exchanger or radiator) which assists heat energy to be dispersed from or to a solid material and optimises the transfer of the heat energy to or from a fluid (or vice versa) surrounding the structure more efficiently than in state of the art heat sinks or thermal conductors. It may also be used where two solid or fluid plasma conductors are adjacent to each other and there is a thermal transfer required from one material to the other.
- this invention relates to heat sinks for electronic circuit boards, cooling fins for radiators, compressors and internal combustion engines, fluid carrying tubes for radiators and heat exchangers, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, plasma generators, and fluid or bimetal heat exchangers.
- Heat sinks are commonly thought of in relation to the cooling of the solid material and comprise an array of fins associated with the solid material.
- the principle object of such devices has been to increase the surface area of solid material contacting the fluid to thereby increase the transfer of heat energy to the fluid.
- finned arrays can also be used in heating appliances where the object is to heat a fluid.
- Automobile radiators are designed to disperse heat from the engine to the atmosphere by transferring heat energy from the coolant to the core of the radiator and then from the core of the radiator to the atmosphere. This latter transfer is again assisted by fins to increase surface area. Similar arrangements are found in a multitude of other applications. Typically the design of such structures used in the transfer of heat energy between a solid and a fluid has been directed to maximising the surface area made available between the solid and the fluid. Nevertheless, the efficiency of such structures in effecting heat transfer also depends upon the flow of the fluid over the solid material. Many structures have been devised which provide considerable surface area but are not particularly efficient due to the restricted flow of the fluid past the structure. In many cases, the natural flow is supplemented by a forced fluid flow past the heat exchanger.
- Vortical structures act as 'heat pumps' i.e. they can only exist if there is a temperature differential and vice versa.
- the invention seeks to exploit the exceptional cooling features of vortices. Part of their effectiveness is that vortex geometry can provide high non turbulent rates of adiabatic expansion i.e. heat can be dumped or acquired in an optimum time and distance.
- the simplest, essential and most common form of a vortex is a vortex ring or toroid. ( Figures 13 and 14).
- One of the interesting and exploitable properties of a vortex ring is that is has remarkably low friction and is a rapid and highly energy efficient transporter of fluids and heat.
- Fluid flow both internally and externally, may be toroid in shape, Benard cells, the shape of a convection vortex, or a potential vortex. All of the above comply approximately to the three-dimensional Golden Section or equiangular spiral.
- the invention resides in a heat exchanger having an active surface over which a fluid flows to effect an exchange of heat between the active surface and the fluid, the active surface having a curvature which conforms substantially with at least one logarithmic curve conforming to the Golden Section.
- the active surface conforms substantially to the vorticity of a natural vortex to generate fluid flow over the active surface conforming to that of a natural vortex.
- the active surface is adapted to cause vortical, rotational motion of the fluid flowing across the active surface.
- the heat exchanger provides a boundary between two sets of fluid flow to facilitate an exchange of heat from one fluid to another wherein both faces of the boundary comprise the active surface.
- the heat exchanger comprises one or more vanes.
- the active surface has a configuration conforming to the external configuration of a shell of the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda or Cephalopoda.
- the active surface conforms to the external configuration of shells selected from the genera Volutidea, Argonauta, Nautilus, Conidea or Turbinidea.
- the active surface has a configuration conforming to the internal configuration of a shell of the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda or Cephalopoda.
- the active surface conforms to the internal configuration of shells selected from the genera Volutidea, Argonauta, Nautilus, Conidea or Turbinidea.
- the heat exchanger comprises a duct of generally spherical or ellipsoidal configuration and having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the curvature of the internal face of the structure between the inlet and the outlet conforms to a logarithmic curve substantially or in the greater part conforming to the characteristics of the Golden Section.
- the curvature of the active surface is uni-dimensional.
- the curvature of the active surface is bi-dimensional.
- the active surface has a depth that can vary in accordance with the Golden Section.
- the heat exchanger comprises a heat sink and the active surface comprises one or more vanes extending from a body in respect of which heat is to be exchanged.
- the active surface has the configuration of a whorl.
- Figure 1 is a chart of the Golden Section or Fibonacci Progression
- Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a natural vortex which conforms to the Golden Section
- Figure 3 is a graph depicting the geometric progression ratio of the structure of a Golden Section vortex
- Figure 4 is a side elevation of a heat exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is an end view of the heat exchanger of the first embodiment as shown in Figure 4;
- Figures 6 is a side elevation of a heat exchanger according to a second embodiment
- Figures 7 is an end elevation of the heat exchanger of the second embodiment as shown in Figures 6;
- Figures 8 is a side elevation of a heat exchanger according to a third embodiment
- Figures 9 is an end elevation of the heat exchanger of the third embodiment as shown in Figures 8;
- Figure 10 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of a heat exchanger according the invention.
- Figure 11 is a sectional side view of the fourth embodiment
- Figure 12 is an end elevation of the fourth embodiment
- Figure 13 is a schematic view of a Ranque-Hillsch tube.
- Figure 14 is schematic view of a refrigerating device according to the fifth embodiment.
- Figure 15 is a schematic view of a cooling radiator for Internal combustion engines and refrigeration systems.
- FIG 16 is a close up schematic view of vanes of one form of the invention as they would appear in the radiator of Figures 14 and 15.
- Figure 17 is a schematic view of the centre of a vortex ring showing the mode of vortical flow of fluid or heat energy.
- Each of the embodiments is directed to a heat exchanger which is adapted to effect the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a fluid.
- the heat exchangers of each of the embodiments described herein are generally designed in all respects, in accordance with the Golden Section and therefore it is a characteristic of each of the embodiments that the heat exchanger provides a fluid pathway which is of a spiraling configuration and which conforms at least generally to the characteristics of the Golden Section.
- the curvature of the surfaces which form the heat exchanger takes a two dimensional or three dimensional shape and which substantially conform to the characteristics of the Golden Section and that any variation in cross-sectional area of the fluid pathway also substantially conforms to the characteristics of the Golden Section.
- the characteristics of the Golden Section are found in nature in the form of the external and internal configurations of shells of the phylum Mollusca, classes Gastropoda and Cephalopoda and it is a common characteristic of at least some of the embodiments that the fluid pathway defined by the heat exchangers corresponds generally to the external or internal configuration of shells of one or more of the genera of the phylum Mollusca, classes Gastropoda and Cephalopoda.
- FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 illustrates various embodiments of heat exchangers in accordance with the invention. While each of the embodiments has a different appearance, they each share features common to their operation as a heat sink. Therefore, in the drawings, like numerals are used to depict like features.
- the heat exchanger has an active surface which shaped in a similar manner to the cavitation centre of a vortex or to the centre windings or septa of a volute, cone or other sea shell.
- Each embodiment has a base 2 which is adapted to be attached to a thermal energy source to extend therefrom.
- the fluid accelerates towards the remote end of the device and as the fluid accelerates, it cools adiabatically which serves to maintain a temperature differential between the active surface of the heat exchanger and the fluid to facilitate further heat exchange.
- the active surface (1) may comprise a single vane or rib, as shown in Figures 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12 or alternatively may comprise multiple vanes.
- the heat exchanger (1 ) may also increase or decrease in profile width (Figure 6 and 8 in comparison with Figure 4) in full or partial conformance with the Golden Section depending on desired application.
- the vanes may be solid, hollow, or represent a vortex shaped void as in Figures 14 and 16.
- Heat exchangers according to the invention may be used in a wide variety of applications.
- heat sinks designed in accordance with the embodiments depicted in Figures 4, 6 and 8 may be adapted to provide cooling to a wide range of heat sources such as semiconductors, power transformers, refrigeration, and heating appliances, to name a few.
- a more efficient heat transfer is effected by the establishment of a vortical fluid flow over the surfaces of the heat exchangers. This efficient fluid flow means that more efficient and effective use is made of the heat exchanger which may therefore may be smaller than conventional designs.
- the present invention also offers a further mechanism to effect a temperature differential across a body.
- a temperature differential across a body In the embodiments as shown in Figures 4 to 12, when fluid enters the system at the base 2 " , it is rapidly accelerated radially in to movement toward the remote end 3 to attain a maximum speed and minimum pressure. As a result, the temperature of the fluid is reduced adiabatically, causing a temperature differential across the vortex.. This temperature differential is inherent within a vortical flow.
- a body may be constructed to take advantage of this differential.
- Figure 13 illustrates a Ranque-Hilsch tube in which compressed air enters a tube tangentially at 13.
- a temperature differential is created radially across the tube with the fluid at the central axis being cooler.
- the flow of fluid along the tube at the centre is opposite to that of the perimeter. Therefore, cold air exits at one end 14 hot air exits at the other end 15 as a result of the Ranque effect.
- Temperatures of - 50 degrees Celsius are readily attainable in these mechanisms. These devices are not presently very energy efficient. Although they are seeking to capitalize on vortical temperature differentials they have not yet been designed according to Phi vortical geometry. As a result, considerable energy is consumed through turbulence and friction which is generated internally.
- the fifth embodiment as shown at Figure 14 comprises a refrigeration device similar to a Ranque-Hilsch tube which is designed in accordance with the invention. However, it does not use a parallel-sided pipe as shown in Figure 13 but will be a hollow version of one of the embodiments as shown in Figures 4 to 12 where all surfaces approximate three-dimensional curves according to the Golden Section. Gas is admitted to a hollow spiralling vane 5 through inlet 1 and flows to outlet 3. En-route, it accelerates and experiences a pressure drop with a consequent temperature drop. As in a Ranque-Hilsch tube. Hot air is expelled through outlet 2 and cold air is delivered through outlet 3.
- Figures 15 and 16 depict a tank of liquid or gas through which vanes or vents (7) are passed and attached to front and rear walls so that another fluid medium may travel through the tank via the vanes.
- Alternatively (6) may be a solid block of material such as metal through which vents (7) are cut.
- the vanes or vents in Figures 14 and 15 may be shaped like an hourglass as in Figure 16, in conformity with the principles described above.
- the passage of fluid through vents (7) creates a temperature differential between one side (8) of the tank or block (6) and the opposed side (9), thereby causing a heat interchange across the block.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003556748A JP2005513410A (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
CA002471828A CA2471828A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
KR10-2004-7010410A KR20040078117A (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
AU2003201185A AU2003201185B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
MXPA04006592A MXPA04006592A (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger. |
EP03726970A EP1470380A4 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
EA200400902A EA006026B1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
US11/484,123 US7287580B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
IL16270903A IL162709A0 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
DE03726970T DE03726970T1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat Exchanger |
IL162709A IL162709A (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-06-23 | Heat exchanger |
US10/884,713 US7096934B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-07-01 | Heat exchanger |
US11/774,594 US7814967B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2007-07-07 | Heat exchanger |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPR9825 | 2002-01-03 | ||
AUPR9825A AUPR982502A0 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2002-01-03 | A heat exchanger |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/884,713 Continuation US7096934B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2004-07-01 | Heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003056269A1 true WO2003056269A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
Family
ID=3833437
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2003/000006 WO2003056269A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2003-01-03 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US7287580B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1470380A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005513410A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040078117A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100370206C (en) |
AU (1) | AUPR982502A0 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2471828A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE03726970T1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA006026B1 (en) |
IL (2) | IL162709A0 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04006592A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003056269A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200405899B (en) |
Cited By (10)
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US7287580B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2007-10-30 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Heat exchanger |
US7416385B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2008-08-26 | Pax Streamline, Inc. | Housing for a centrifugal fan, pump, or turbine |
US7488151B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2009-02-10 | Pax Streamline, Inc. | Vortical flow rotor |
US7644804B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2010-01-12 | Pax Streamline, Inc. | Sound attenuator |
US7766279B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2010-08-03 | NewPax, Inc. | Vortex ring generator |
US7802583B2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2010-09-28 | New Pax, Inc. | Fluid flow control device |
US7862302B2 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2011-01-04 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Fluid circulation system |
US8328522B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2012-12-11 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Axial flow fan |
WO2012136796A3 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-01-24 | Bhp Billiton Aluminium Technologies Limited | Heat exchange elements for use in pyrometallurgical process vessels |
WO2016043614A3 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-06-16 | Micula Viorel | Modular system for swirly driving and controlled orientability of hot air flows |
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US6845523B2 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2005-01-25 | Roger M. Copp | Rescue vest with rollers |
WO2009051790A1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Water craft |
US20100170657A1 (en) * | 2009-01-06 | 2010-07-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Integrated blower diffuser-fin heat sink |
US10103089B2 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2018-10-16 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat transfer device with fins defining air flow channels |
US9228785B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 | 2016-01-05 | Alexander Poltorak | Fractal heat transfer device |
US10041745B2 (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2018-08-07 | Fractal Heatsink Technologies LLC | Fractal heat transfer device |
US9140502B2 (en) | 2010-07-08 | 2015-09-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Active structures for heat exchanger |
US8295046B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-10-23 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Non-circular radial heat sink |
US10252784B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-04-09 | John Ioan Restea | Apparatus for propelling fluid, especially for propulsion of a floating vehicle |
US11944946B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2024-04-02 | Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Mixing assemblies including magnetic impellers |
JP2015028396A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-12 | シャープ株式会社 | Heat exchanger and heat exchange system |
US10048019B2 (en) | 2014-12-22 | 2018-08-14 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Pins for heat exchangers |
US10273970B2 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2019-04-30 | John A. Kozel | Construction of articles of manufacture of fiber reinforced structural composites |
PL3255370T3 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2020-05-18 | Aerco International, Inc. | Fibonacci optimized radial heat exchanger |
DE102016119095B4 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-11-22 | Fujitsu Technology Solutions Intellectual Property Gmbh | computer system |
US11221182B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-01-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus with multistaged cooling |
CN113776377B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-11-18 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Boiling enhanced evaporation heat exchange tube and manufacturing device and manufacturing method thereof |
CN114322413A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆尚峰实业有限公司 | Heat recovery system of refrigeration house |
US11703285B1 (en) | 2023-02-27 | 2023-07-18 | Helen Skop | Apparatus and method for latent energy exchange |
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- 2003-01-03 CN CNB038019310A patent/CN100370206C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-03 CA CA002471828A patent/CA2471828A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-03 JP JP2003556748A patent/JP2005513410A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-03 IL IL16270903A patent/IL162709A0/en unknown
- 2003-01-03 WO PCT/AU2003/000006 patent/WO2003056269A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-03 EP EP03726970A patent/EP1470380A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-03 MX MXPA04006592A patent/MXPA04006592A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-03 EA EA200400902A patent/EA006026B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-03 US US11/484,123 patent/US7287580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-03 KR KR10-2004-7010410A patent/KR20040078117A/en active Search and Examination
-
2004
- 2004-06-23 IL IL162709A patent/IL162709A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-07-01 US US10/884,713 patent/US7096934B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-23 ZA ZA200405899A patent/ZA200405899B/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-07-07 US US11/774,594 patent/US7814967B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7980271B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2011-07-19 | Caitin, Inc. | Fluid flow controller |
US7934686B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2011-05-03 | Caitin, Inc. | Reducing drag on a mobile body |
US8381870B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2013-02-26 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Fluid flow controller |
US7644804B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2010-01-12 | Pax Streamline, Inc. | Sound attenuator |
US7766279B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2010-08-03 | NewPax, Inc. | Vortex ring generator |
US7287580B2 (en) | 2002-01-03 | 2007-10-30 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Heat exchanger |
US7802583B2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2010-09-28 | New Pax, Inc. | Fluid flow control device |
US8631827B2 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2014-01-21 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Fluid flow control device |
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US7416385B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2008-08-26 | Pax Streamline, Inc. | Housing for a centrifugal fan, pump, or turbine |
US7832984B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2010-11-16 | Caitin, Inc. | Housing for a centrifugal fan, pump, or turbine |
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US8328522B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2012-12-11 | Pax Scientific, Inc. | Axial flow fan |
WO2012136796A3 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-01-24 | Bhp Billiton Aluminium Technologies Limited | Heat exchange elements for use in pyrometallurgical process vessels |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2471828A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
US7814967B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
US7287580B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
ZA200405899B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
EP1470380A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
CN100370206C (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EA006026B1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
US20060249283A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
DE03726970T1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
KR20040078117A (en) | 2004-09-08 |
US20080023188A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
CN1613000A (en) | 2005-05-04 |
EP1470380A4 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
IL162709A (en) | 2008-07-08 |
MXPA04006592A (en) | 2005-03-31 |
US7096934B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
EA200400902A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
IL162709A0 (en) | 2005-11-20 |
US20040238163A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
AUPR982502A0 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
JP2005513410A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
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