WO2003068098A1

WO2003068098A1 - Dental implant

Info

Publication number: WO2003068098A1
Application number: PCT/EP2003/001492
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lutz LÖFFLER
Original assignee: Loeffler Lutz
Priority date: 2002-02-14
Filing date: 2003-02-14
Publication date: 2003-08-21
Also published as: AU2003208856A1; DE10206324A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a dental implant for creating one or more false teeth, in particular a buccal tooth. Said dental implant is characterised in that it is configured as a two-part or multi-part system comprising one or more fixing elements (2) and an implant (1). In said system, both or multiple elements are designed to be inserted into a cavity of the jaw bone and the implant (1) can be anchored in said bone by means of the fixing element or elements (2).

Description

dental implant

The invention relates to a dental implant for forming one or more artificial teeth, in particular a molar.

If one or more natural teeth are lost, dental implants are nowadays used to anchor dental prostheses, such as crowns, bridges or prostheses. Dental implants enable the insertion of individual teeth as well as bridges without grinding healthy neighboring teeth.

Dental implants are pillars anchored in the jawbone, which function as an artificial tooth root. These are fixed posts that are inserted (implanted) in the maxilla or mandible. The number of implants required depends on the number of missing teeth.

During implantation, dental implants are firmly anchored in a prepared tooth root cavity in the jaw bone by being pressed in or screwed in. Two principles of healing are known from the prior art, namely “open” and “closed” healing. With "open" healing, the visible upper end of the implant protrudes from the jawbone. In contrast, with "closed" healing, the implant ends at bone level. During the healing process, which usually takes 3 to 6 months, the bone tissue immediately grows onto the implant. This phenomenon is known as osseointegration. After the healing process, the gums, which have now grown over the implant, are reopened in order to enable the abutment to be attached. During the healing process, the upper end of the

The implant is usually covered with a healing cap / screw, which is removed after the gums have healed and opened.

Abutments are support pins for crowns, bridges or prostheses that are screwed onto the implant using a screw. Conventional abutments are screwed from above into the same internal thread of the implant into which the healing screw was screwed in before, during the healing phase.

There are different types of implants. They generally have cylindrical shapes, up to complicated implant kits made up of several differently shaped individual parts. The implant diameter varies between 3 and 6 mm and the length between 7 and 3 _. mm.

A commonly used dental implant is a one-piece implant with a cylindrical, externally threaded base and a head that widens slightly away from the base. This expansion of the implant is referred to as slightly conical. The implant has a coaxial blind hole which opens into the front of the head and is intended for the healing screw or later for the assembly.

Such implants are well suited for the implantation of teeth that have only one tooth root, such as. B. incisors. They completely fill the tooth root cavity, so that the vertical and lateral mobility of the implant is restricted. The implant thus sits permanently and firmly in the jawbone.

The situation is different for the tooth implantation of teeth in which the tooth root cavity is enlarged due to an extraction of a molar tooth (several tooth roots), a disease or an accident. After inserting the above implant there are relatively large gaps between the Implant and the jawbone can be expected, which can lead to problems.

In the healing phase, the soft tissues grow, i.e. H. the epithelial tissue and the gingival connective tissue, much faster than the bone material, so that the soft tissue grows into the spaces in the jawbone and then attaches to the implant. The growth of the bone tissue on the implant is hindered or delayed and under certain circumstances even completely prevented. A permanent tight fit of the implant is therefore not guaranteed. The accumulation of soft tissue can also lead to a decrease in the formation of bone substance, which also negatively influences the anchoring of the implant.

Furthermore, microorganisms can penetrate from the oral cavity into the existing spaces and cause infections that not only disrupt the growth of bone tissue on the implant, but in the worst case can lead to the loss of further teeth.

Furthermore, during the healing phase, the healthy neighboring teeth can move in the direction of the gap and thus reduce the gap, so that the installation of the artificial tooth is difficult. A natural tooth reduces the effect of the vertical and lateral forces resulting from the chewing pressure by vertical and lateral deflection and in this way distributes the forces partly to the neighboring teeth. If an adjacent tooth is missing, the healthy teeth usually shift in the direction of the gap and thereby narrow it. A new adjustment of the artificial tooth is then inevitable.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing an implant which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known devices and in a simple manner increases the stability of the implant, in particular in the case of large gaps, and enables the artificial tooth to be fastened without a long healing phase. To achieve this object, the invention proposes, starting from an implant of the type mentioned, to form the dental implant as a two-part or multi-part system with one or more fixing elements and one implant, both and / or more elements being introduced into a jawbone cavity and the implant is to be fixed in the jawbone using the fixation element (s). With this implant system, conventional dentures (bridges and crowns) can be permanently and stably attached. Here, the "insertion of the implant into the jawbone cavity" is understood as partial to exclusive bone contact of the implant with the jawbone.

The fixation element has many functions. On the one hand, it ensures anchoring in the jawbone and, on the other hand, it creates the dentures that are common in dentistry. It also plays an important role in the attachment of the implant.

The implant protects against bacterial contamination, especially in the case of large gaps in the jawbone, and ensures that the denture is set up quickly without a long healing phase. The relatively quick build-up of dentures prevents secondary contamination; it is therefore no longer necessary to readjust the artificial tooth due to the narrowed gap due to the movable alignment of the neighboring teeth towards the gap during the healing process. In addition, the patient is spared another painful intervention by opening the gums again after the healing phase.

The fixing element is expediently designed as a cylindrical, slightly conical pin with a base provided with an external thread and a slightly enlarged head with a central internal thread. The helical design of the fixing element enables the pin to be screwed into the jawbone so that it is taken up by the bone substance. The head with a central internal thread enables a healing cap or the like to be put on during the healing process and screw-in of abutments for the artificial tooth. To stabilize the fixation element in the cavity and to prevent bacterial contamination, the implant is designed as a sleeve. In order to ensure that the spaces are filled, the sleeve is tapered at the end directed in the direction of the jawbone, in a slightly conical orientation, the inner contour of the sleeve also being conical. The conically shaped inner contour of the sleeve lies in a form-fitting manner on the conical outer contour of the fixing pin, in particular the base and the lower part of the head. According to the invention, there is no significant space between the inner contour of the sleeve and the fixing pin. This increases the fixation of the sleeve and the stability of the fixation pin.

During implantation, the sleeve is inserted into the tooth root cavity, with the tapered, slightly conical end of the sleeve being inserted into the processed jawbone. The fixing element with the cylindrical, slightly conical, screw-shaped pin is then screwed through the sleeve into the jawbone in such a way that the sleeve is drawn into and clamped into the tooth root cavity.

In order to allow the sleeve to be braced, it is therefore necessary to design the inner diameter of the sleeve at the upper end area so that the screw part of the screw-shaped base fits through it, but the head lies flush in the sleeve and thus a firm and wedged connection between the sleeve and pen comes into being. With this construction, the sleeve is pulled into the jawbone and fastened due to the screwing in of the pin.

The wall thickness of the upper end region of the sleeve is appropriately varied depending on how large the head of the fixing pin is, so that the keyed and fixed connection is ensured in any case.

The sleeve or the head of the pin are wholly or partially in the

Jawbone. With this system, stability of the implant can be guaranteed, since the fixation pin is enclosed by the sleeve and the

Gaps are filled. The fixing pin has no movement play space more, but is stabilized and supported by the sleeve. Soft tissue can no longer grow into the jawbone and thus destabilize the implant. Microorganisms have no nesting site. The risk of inflammation is largely reduced. The screwing in of the abutment and the application of the artificial tooth (crown) or the bridge can then be carried out. A healing phase of 3 to 6 months is no longer necessary, since waxing in the fixation pin is no longer necessary.

In order to improve the growth on the bone substance, the lower section of the sleeve located in the bone has a rough surface. The upper section of the sleeve protruding into the gums, on the other hand, is preferably polished in order to ensure compatibility between the material and the gums.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the sleeve in the lower section located in the jawbone, preferably in the apical region (root tip), has at least two and preferably three expandable fixing elements, which are referred to below as anchoring elements, to improve the stabilization of the implant system.

Appropriately, they have a horizontal to oblique-horizontal position in the sleeve. The anchoring elements are constructed so that their inward ends protrude into the cavity of the sleeve before implantation and are in the wall of the sleeve after implantation, while the outer ends are in the sleeve wall before implantation and laterally after implantation protrude from the sleeve. According to this embodiment, the fixing pin can be anchored in the jawbone with its base provided with a screw thread. Alternatively, it is possible to anchor the bracket solely via the spreadable anchor elements.

The expandable anchoring elements can also be designed as wedges which can be extended laterally from the sleeve and which are pressed out of the sleeve wall by the fixing pin and spread into the cavity. For example, the anchoring elements can also be pressed out Screw plugs or similar devices suitable for this purpose are suitable.

Other anchoring elements to be attached to the sleeve are also possible.

In a further exemplary embodiment, the fixing element is first introduced into the jawbone and then the implant is applied thereon.

For this purpose, the lower end of the fixing element expediently has an external thread so that it can be screwed into the jawbone. The upper end (fixation head) is telescopic or conical, so that the vaccine can be placed on the fixation element in a form-fitting manner. It is conceivable to use the known "push button system". A different design of the fixation head is possible, but this must not prevent the implant from being attached.

The top of the implant has an internal thread for the denture build-up, which can extend through the entire implant. As a result, the fixing element is fixed again when the attachment is applied. The lower end of the implant has a form-fitting cavity, which ideally fits on the upper part of the fixation element.

Metal or ceramic, preferably stainless steel and preferably conventional titanium alloys, particularly preferably titanium, are used as the material. These materials have proven to be particularly suitable in medicine or dentistry and are biocompatible. These are the usual materials for implants.

When using fixing elements without a central internal thread for the abutments, according to another embodiment of the invention, at least two bores with an internal thread are provided in the implant for fastening them, in which the abutments are anchored. Because of the engagement With this screw technique, an optimal adaptation of a bridge prosthesis to the patient's jaw can be guaranteed. The combination of such screw technology and fixation element with a central internal thread to form a bridge prosthesis is also conceivable.

A closure cap placed on the implant during the healing phase prevents soft tissue from growing into the bone area.

Due to the existence of a number of different and individual tooth root shapes, the sleeve is preferably adapted to the tooth root cavity. The stability of the implant is optimally achieved. Pre-made templates can be used as aids to determine a suitable sleeve shape on the patient himself. Appropriately, these stencils correspond in shape to the sleeves that are used; however, they are smaller.

The invention therefore also relates to a set of tooth implant templates for individual adaptation of the implants or sleeves according to the invention.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a tooth implant set with two-part implants, structures, tooth implant templates according to the invention and optionally crowns or bridges.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1: a sleeve (implant) 1 according to the invention

2: a fixing pin 2 according to the invention; and

3: an inventive two-part implant system 3 4: a multi-part implant system 3 according to the invention with implant 1 and 2 anchoring elements 14

5 shows a two-part implant system 3 according to the invention with an implant that can be fitted

Fig. 1 shows a tapered, slightly tapered implant / sleeve 1 with the upper polished section 11 and the lower rough section 12. An inner contour 13 of the sleeve 1, which tapers towards the bottom (jaw side) and is conical Inclusion of the fixation pin.

FIG. 2 shows a fixing pin 2 with a base 21 which has an external thread 23, a recess 24 and a head 22 which is slightly widened upwards. The function of the enlarged head 22 is to fix the sleeve 1 by wedging it with the upper end region of the inner contour 13 of the sleeve 1. The recess 24 enables the fixation pin in the jawbone to be stabilized quickly by the inclusion and attachment of bone substance in this area.

3 shows a two-part implant system 3 with the fixing pin 2 and the sleeve 1. The head 22 has a blind hole 31 for screwing in abutments. Due to the inner contour 13 of the sleeve 1, in particular through the upper end region, the enlarged head 22 of the fixing pin 2 is firmly wedged with the sleeve 1. The fixed connection 32 lies between the upper inner diameter of the sleeve 1 and the upper edge of the head 22.

4 shows a multi-part implant system with the implant / sleeve 1 and two anchoring elements 14 which protrude laterally from the sleeve 1. The anchoring elements 14 can be anchored in the jawbone with the aid of a fixing pin or caps 4.

5 shows a two-part implant system with a fixing element 2b and an implant 1b. The fixing element 2b has an external thread 23b and a conical upper head 22b in the lower region. That's about it Implant 1b with the lower cavity, which is positively placed on the fixation head 22b. Furthermore, the implant 1 b has an internal thread 33 at the top, which is intended for the insertion of the closure caps and later for the attachment structure.

Expectations

Claims

claims

1. Dental implant to form one or more artificial teeth, in particular a molar tooth, characterized in that the dental implant is designed as a two-part or multi-part system with one or more fixing elements (2) and an implant (1), both and / or more elements for this are intended to be introduced into a jawbone cavity and the implant (1) can be anchored in the jawbone by means of the fixing element (s) (2).

2. Dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing element (1) as a cylindrical, slightly conical pin with an externally threaded (23) provided base (21) and a head (22) widening at the top and the implant (1) are designed as a sleeve so that the enlarged head (22) of the fixing element (2) positively engages in the upper inner contour of the sleeve to fix the sleeve in the jawbone.

3. Dental implant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sleeve tapers in the direction of the end to be introduced into the jawbone and the inner contour (13) of the sleeve is conical.

4. Dental implant according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner contour (13) of the sleeve of the outer contour of the fixing element (2) is adapted.

5. Dental implant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sleeve is adapted to the tooth root cavity.

6. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper section (11) of the sleeve is polished and the lower section (12) of the sleeve located in the jaw bone has a rough surface.

7. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve in the lower section located in the jawbone (12), preferably in the apical region, has at least two laterally spreadable anchoring elements (14) by means of the fixing element (2).

8. Dental implant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower end of the fixing element (2b) has an external thread (23b) and the upper part (fixing head) (22b) is conical or telescopic.

9. Dental implant according to claim 8, characterized in that the

The implant (1) has a hollow in the lower area, which fits positively to the conical or telescopic fixing head (22b), and has a central internal thread (33) from above.

10. Dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the material used is metal or ceramic, preferably stainless steel, iron, titanium or conventional titanium alloys.

11. Dental implant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the head (22) of the fixing element is designed for fastening structures with a central internal thread.

12. Dental implant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the sleeve has two internal threads on its surface for fastening structures.

13. Use of the dental implant according to claims 1 to 12 for the attachment of crowns and bridges.

14. Set of dental implant templates for individual adaptation of dental implants according to one of claims 1 to 12.

15. Dental implant set consisting of

two-part implants according to one of claims 1 to 12,

superstructures,

Dental implant templates according to claim 12 and

if necessary crowns or bridges.

- Summary -