WO2003070655A1 - Controlled low strength flowable fill composition - Google Patents

Controlled low strength flowable fill composition Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003070655A1
WO2003070655A1 PCT/US2003/004835 US0304835W WO03070655A1 WO 2003070655 A1 WO2003070655 A1 WO 2003070655A1 US 0304835 W US0304835 W US 0304835W WO 03070655 A1 WO03070655 A1 WO 03070655A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
calcium
fly ash
class
composition
amount
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/004835
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Scott F. Timmons
Original Assignee
Flowable Fill, Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flowable Fill, Ltd. filed Critical Flowable Fill, Ltd.
Priority to AU2003219790A priority Critical patent/AU2003219790A1/en
Publication of WO2003070655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003070655A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/021—Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements ; Cements based on incineration residues, e.g. alkali-activated slags from waste incineration ; Kiln dust cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
    • C04B2111/00706—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like around pipelines or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • This invention relates to Controlled Low-Strength Mixtures (CLSMs), or flowable back-fills.
  • CLSMs Controlled Low-Strength Mixtures
  • This class of materials has utility as pipe bedding materials where they are used to both protect the pipe from external agents and internal loads. They have also been used as an erosion barrier in embankments and as a mine fill material.
  • CLSMs typically have strengths of less than 2000 psi and, in cases where removal is contemplated, less than 200 psi for ease of removal.
  • the material should be initially in the form of an easily pumpable, self-leveling slurry. Rapid early strength development (approximately 50-70 psi) is a desirable property and is currently not obtainable with commercial products without the penalty of high strength development at later stages.
  • Patent No. 5,106,422 discloses Class C Fly ash in a rapid setting flowable backfill composition and method for its use.
  • existing compositions are based upon the use of either Portland cement or Class C fly ash used individually or in combination as the hydraulic cement component of the CLSM system.
  • these cementitious materials are used at less than 5% by weight in the case of Portland cement or as much as 50% in the case of Class C fly ash with the remainder being some form of aggregate, usually fine sand or soil from the spoil with small amounts of additional rock and gravel or Class F fly ash.
  • Cement-based materials can take days to hydrate, cure, and achieve even a modest strength of 50 psi which is typically the minimum strength required for a man to walk upon the surface of the bedding material and represents the minimum safe time before the cover fill may be placed.
  • Class C fly ash based systems may take as long as four hours to hydrate, cure, and achieve this strength. In many cases, locally available Class C fly ash is not desirable for use in these types of product due to slow hydration, cure, and set times and low strengths. Strength may be compensated for by the use of additional Class C fly ash but the cost of the additional fly ash may result in cost prohibitive products.
  • the system of the present invention minimizes the down time before cover fill may be placed and represents a significant savings of both time and money for the user.
  • the present inventive composition and method allow for control variability in strength and hydration, cure, and set times of a CLSM system utilizing Class C fly which results in a Class C-based flowable fill capable of competing in markets previously inaccessible.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a graphic representation of the effect of set time of Class C mortars with lime.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Class C fly ash as defined in ASTM C 618 is a coal combustion product that meets particular size requirements and mineralogical specifications.
  • a typical chemical composition for this class of fly ash is as follows: Percent by Weight Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) plus aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) plus iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), min. 50.0 Sulfur trioxide (SO 3 ), max. 5.0 Moisture content, max. 3.0 Loss on ignition, max. 6.0 This is a rather broad description for this class of material, and significant variability may exist for materials conforming to this requirement. The variability manifests itself as differences in hydration and set time and strength between several samples of Class C fly ash either from the same or different sources. It has been found that a major factor contributing to variability is the amount of available calcium present in the sample.
  • Class C Fly ash 50 grams of Class C Fly ash, 250 grams ASTM C 33 graded washed silica sand (Espey Sand, San Antonio, Texas) and 35 mL deionized water were mixed for 1 minute and poured into a 2" cube mold. The set time was determined to be 62 minutes as shown in Table 1 below. Examples 2-8 Coal Fly ash from Deeley Power Plant, San Antonio, Texas, was obtained and used as received. 50 grams of Class C Fly ash, 250 grams ASTM C 33 graded washed silica sand (Espey Sand, San Antonio, Texas), varying amounts of type S hydrated lime and 35 mL deionized water were mixed for 1 minute and poured into a 2" cube mold.

Abstract

A rapid setting, controlled low strength composition of Class C fly ash is provided having a quantity of hydrated lime in an amount sufficient to accelerate the hydration and set time of the fly ash. In some examples, a filler material is added. A method for acceleration of the hydration and set time of a cementitious mixture is provided wherein hydrated lime is added to the cementitious mixture in an amount in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the cementitious material. Further, a calcium source may be added to a Class C fly ash to accelerate the hydration and set time of the ash.

Description

Title: CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH FLOWABLE FILL COMPOSITION Inventor: Scott F. Timmons
This application claims priority to co-pending U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/358,136, filed February 20, 2002
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to Controlled Low-Strength Mixtures (CLSMs), or flowable back-fills. This class of materials has utility as pipe bedding materials where they are used to both protect the pipe from external agents and internal loads. They have also been used as an erosion barrier in embankments and as a mine fill material. CLSMs typically have strengths of less than 2000 psi and, in cases where removal is contemplated, less than 200 psi for ease of removal. The material should be initially in the form of an easily pumpable, self-leveling slurry. Rapid early strength development (approximately 50-70 psi) is a desirable property and is currently not obtainable with commercial products without the penalty of high strength development at later stages. U.S. Patent No. 5,106,422 discloses Class C Fly ash in a rapid setting flowable backfill composition and method for its use. However, such existing compositions are based upon the use of either Portland cement or Class C fly ash used individually or in combination as the hydraulic cement component of the CLSM system. Typically these cementitious materials are used at less than 5% by weight in the case of Portland cement or as much as 50% in the case of Class C fly ash with the remainder being some form of aggregate, usually fine sand or soil from the spoil with small amounts of additional rock and gravel or Class F fly ash. Cement-based materials can take days to hydrate, cure, and achieve even a modest strength of 50 psi which is typically the minimum strength required for a man to walk upon the surface of the bedding material and represents the minimum safe time before the cover fill may be placed. Class C fly ash based systems may take as long as four hours to hydrate, cure, and achieve this strength. In many cases, locally available Class C fly ash is not desirable for use in these types of product due to slow hydration, cure, and set times and low strengths. Strength may be compensated for by the use of additional Class C fly ash but the cost of the additional fly ash may result in cost prohibitive products. Thus, the system of the present invention minimizes the down time before cover fill may be placed and represents a significant savings of both time and money for the user. Furthermore, the present inventive composition and method allow for control variability in strength and hydration, cure, and set times of a CLSM system utilizing Class C fly which results in a Class C-based flowable fill capable of competing in markets previously inaccessible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a graphic representation of the effect of set time of Class C mortars with lime. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Class C fly ash as defined in ASTM C 618 is a coal combustion product that meets particular size requirements and mineralogical specifications. A typical chemical composition for this class of fly ash is as follows: Percent by Weight Silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3), min. 50.0 Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max. 5.0 Moisture content, max. 3.0 Loss on ignition, max. 6.0 This is a rather broad description for this class of material, and significant variability may exist for materials conforming to this requirement. The variability manifests itself as differences in hydration and set time and strength between several samples of Class C fly ash either from the same or different sources. It has been found that a major factor contributing to variability is the amount of available calcium present in the sample. Furthermore, the addition of small amounts of calcium to Class C fly ash has no deleterious effects upon flowable fill and can accelerate the rate of hydration and cure while minimizing the differences in set time and strength of flowable fill mixtures containing Class C fly ash. The following examples illustrate the nature of the present invention. Set times were determined when a 0.25" diameter penetrometer needle provided a reading of 200 psi on insertion to a depth of 1.0". Example 1 Coal Fly ash from Deeley Power Plant, San Antonio, Texas, as obtained and used as received. 50 grams of Class C Fly ash, 250 grams ASTM C 33 graded washed silica sand (Espey Sand, San Antonio, Texas) and 35 mL deionized water were mixed for 1 minute and poured into a 2" cube mold. The set time was determined to be 62 minutes as shown in Table 1 below. Examples 2-8 Coal Fly ash from Deeley Power Plant, San Antonio, Texas, was obtained and used as received. 50 grams of Class C Fly ash, 250 grams ASTM C 33 graded washed silica sand (Espey Sand, San Antonio, Texas), varying amounts of type S hydrated lime and 35 mL deionized water were mixed for 1 minute and poured into a 2" cube mold. The set time for these examples are shown in Table 1 for the varying amounts of lime. Examples 9-13 Coal Fly ash from Scherer Power Plant, Atlanta, Georgia, was obtained and used as received. 50 grams of Class C Fly ash, 250 grams ASTM C 33 graded washed silica sand (Espey Sand, San Antonio, Texas), varying amounts of type S hydrated lime and 35 mL deionized water were mixed for 1 minute and poured into a 2" cube mold. The set times for these examples are shown in Table 1 for the varying amounts of lime. A graphic representation of the effect of set time of these Class C motars with lime of varying amounts is shown in Fig. 1. Table 1. Set times of Class C Fly ash motar cubes containing varying amounts of type S lime.
Figure imgf000006_0001

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A rapid setting, controlled low strength composition of Class C fly ash comprising hydrated lime in the amount of 0.1 % to 5% by weight sufficient to accelerate the hydration and set time of said fly ash.
2. A rapid setting, controlled low strength composition of Class C fly ash comprising hydrated lime in the amount of 0.1 % to 5% by weight of fly ash sufficient to accelerate the hydration and set time of said fly ash, and a filler material in the amount of 1:10 to 10:1 parts by weight.
3. A method by which the hydration and set time of a cementitious mixture containing Class C fly ash is accelerated comprising the step of adding hydrated lime in the amount of 0.1 % to 5% by weight of cementitious material to said cementitious mixture.
4. A rapid setting, controlled low strength composition of Class C fly ash comprising a calcium source in the amount of 0.1 % to 5% by weight sufficient to accelerate the hydration and set time of said fly ash.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said source is quicklime.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein said calcium source is selected from the group consisting of calcium nitrate, calcium nitrite, calcium formate, calcium acetate, calcium proprionate, calcium lignosulfonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hypochlorite, anhydrous calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, and calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
7. The composition of claim 4 wherein said calcium source is a circulating fluidized bed coal ash containing free lime in the amount of 0.25% to 70% by weight of Class C fly ash.
8. The composition of claim 2 wherein said filler material is selected from the group consisting of Class F fly ash, silica sand, dolomitic calcium carbonate sand, limestone sand, expanded perlite, expanded styrofoam, bottom ash, slag, foundry sand, expanded shale, clay, ground granite sand, pumice and gravel.
PCT/US2003/004835 2002-02-20 2003-02-19 Controlled low strength flowable fill composition WO2003070655A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003219790A AU2003219790A1 (en) 2002-02-20 2003-02-19 Controlled low strength flowable fill composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35813602P 2002-02-20 2002-02-20
US60/358,136 2002-02-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003070655A1 true WO2003070655A1 (en) 2003-08-28

Family

ID=27757707

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/004835 WO2003070655A1 (en) 2002-02-20 2003-02-19 Controlled low strength flowable fill composition

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003219790A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003070655A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004080911A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Flowable Fill, Ltd. Controlled low strength flowable fill composition with iron chelating compounds
US7288148B2 (en) * 2004-02-13 2007-10-30 Cemex, Inc. Rapid hardening hydraulic cement from subbituminous fly ash and products thereof
CN104496222A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-04-08 同济大学 Method for manufacturing controllable low-strength material from carbide slag, steel slag and coal gangue
US9561983B2 (en) * 2014-06-25 2017-02-07 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
CN106396436A (en) * 2015-07-28 2017-02-15 武汉科技大学 Method for modifying steel-slag water-washed dust slime into cement clinker
US10457601B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2019-10-29 CR Minerals Company, LLC Settable compositions comprising remediated fly ash (RFA) and methods of cementing in subterranean formations
US10822442B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2020-11-03 Ecolab Usa Inc. Rheology-modifying agents for slurries

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018617A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-04-19 Nicholson Realty Ltd. Mixture for pavement bases and the like
WO1989005284A1 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-15 Lone Star Industries, Inc. Hydraulic cement and composition employing the same
AT394036B (en) * 1989-12-20 1992-01-27 Oesterr Draukraftwerke Flowable mixture for filling hollow spaces such as ditches for long-distance heating pipes, storage tanks, containing fly ash, hydraulic binder and water
US5106422A (en) 1991-01-18 1992-04-21 American Electric Power Service Corporation Rapid-setting flowable backfill composition and method of using
FR2672046A1 (en) * 1991-01-29 1992-07-31 Jacquart Arnould Process for the activation of latent hydraulic and pozzolanic binders with the aid of basic industrial residues
EP0539287A1 (en) * 1991-10-22 1993-04-28 Eurogranulats Composition for a road foundation based on converter slag and method for preparing the same
US5584792A (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-12-17 Webster; William C. Method of stabilizing industrial wastes and fly ash compositions useful in same
DE19531942A1 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-20 Ver Energiewerke Ag Cement-free hydraulic setting building material prodn.
EP1112985A2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2001-07-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Settable oil and gas well fluid compositions
US6277189B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-08-21 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Coal combustion by-products-based lightweight structural materials and processes for making them
US6334895B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2002-01-01 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation System for producing manufactured materials from coal combustion ash

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4018617A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-04-19 Nicholson Realty Ltd. Mixture for pavement bases and the like
WO1989005284A1 (en) * 1987-12-11 1989-06-15 Lone Star Industries, Inc. Hydraulic cement and composition employing the same
AT394036B (en) * 1989-12-20 1992-01-27 Oesterr Draukraftwerke Flowable mixture for filling hollow spaces such as ditches for long-distance heating pipes, storage tanks, containing fly ash, hydraulic binder and water
US5106422A (en) 1991-01-18 1992-04-21 American Electric Power Service Corporation Rapid-setting flowable backfill composition and method of using
FR2672046A1 (en) * 1991-01-29 1992-07-31 Jacquart Arnould Process for the activation of latent hydraulic and pozzolanic binders with the aid of basic industrial residues
EP0539287A1 (en) * 1991-10-22 1993-04-28 Eurogranulats Composition for a road foundation based on converter slag and method for preparing the same
US5584792A (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-12-17 Webster; William C. Method of stabilizing industrial wastes and fly ash compositions useful in same
DE19531942A1 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-20 Ver Energiewerke Ag Cement-free hydraulic setting building material prodn.
US6334895B1 (en) * 1998-07-20 2002-01-01 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation System for producing manufactured materials from coal combustion ash
US6277189B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-08-21 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Coal combustion by-products-based lightweight structural materials and processes for making them
EP1112985A2 (en) * 1999-12-16 2001-07-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Settable oil and gas well fluid compositions

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004080911A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Flowable Fill, Ltd. Controlled low strength flowable fill composition with iron chelating compounds
US7288148B2 (en) * 2004-02-13 2007-10-30 Cemex, Inc. Rapid hardening hydraulic cement from subbituminous fly ash and products thereof
US10017418B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2018-07-10 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US9561983B2 (en) * 2014-06-25 2017-02-07 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US9611174B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2017-04-04 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US10370295B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2019-08-06 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US10377667B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2019-08-13 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US10689292B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2020-06-23 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US11299424B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2022-04-12 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing fly ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
US11773018B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2023-10-03 CR Minerals Company, LLC Pozzolanic compositions containing coal ash and remediation agents for use in cementitious materials
CN104496222A (en) * 2014-12-11 2015-04-08 同济大学 Method for manufacturing controllable low-strength material from carbide slag, steel slag and coal gangue
CN106396436A (en) * 2015-07-28 2017-02-15 武汉科技大学 Method for modifying steel-slag water-washed dust slime into cement clinker
US10457601B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2019-10-29 CR Minerals Company, LLC Settable compositions comprising remediated fly ash (RFA) and methods of cementing in subterranean formations
US10829414B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2020-11-10 CR Minerals Company, LLC Settable compositions comprising remediated fly ash (RFA) and methods of cementing in subterranean formations
US10822442B2 (en) 2017-07-17 2020-11-03 Ecolab Usa Inc. Rheology-modifying agents for slurries

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003219790A1 (en) 2003-09-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5484480A (en) Use of alumina clay with cement fly ash mixtures
US6200381B1 (en) Settable composition and uses therefor
US10047006B1 (en) Hyaloclastite pozzolan, hyaloclastite based cement, hyaloclastite based concrete and method of making and using same
Lanas et al. Mechanical properties of masonry repair dolomitic lime-based mortars
US7582158B2 (en) Controlled low strength flowable fill composition with iron chelating compounds
EP2658820A1 (en) Method for in-situ manufacture of a lightweight fly ash based aggregate
US4012264A (en) Early strength cements
AU2012282216B2 (en) Hydraulic binder
WO2012136324A1 (en) Magnesia based binder composition
KR101680348B1 (en) Pile grouting materials
US11858847B2 (en) Hyaloclastite pozzolan, hyaloclastite based cement, hyaloclastite based concrete and method of making and using same
US11702361B2 (en) Hyaloclastite, sideromelane or tachylite pozzolan-based geopolymer cement and concrete and method of making and using same
EP2831015A1 (en) Binder composition comprising lignite fly ash
WO2003070655A1 (en) Controlled low strength flowable fill composition
JPH08311446A (en) Solidifier for soil conditioning
KR100587178B1 (en) Multipurpose Cement Admixture, And Method For Forming Cement Matrix Using The Same
GB2159512A (en) Cement compositions for stowing cavities
KR101636277B1 (en) Pile grouting materials composition using light burned dolomite
JP3469368B2 (en) Soil improvement material and soil improvement method using the same
JP4145418B2 (en) Method for producing hexavalent chromium-containing solidified product
EP2831014B1 (en) Method for manufacturing concrete, mortar or grout using lignite fly ash and concrete, mortar or grout obtainable by said method
JP2763405B2 (en) Ground improvement method
SU1134701A1 (en) Expanding plugging material
JPH08170337A (en) Concrete block for tree-planting
WO2003045873A1 (en) Quick set flowable fill composition and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP