WO2003088847A1

WO2003088847A1 - Method and apparatus for anastomosis including an expandable anchor

Info

Publication number: WO2003088847A1
Application number: PCT/US2003/011909
Authority: WO
Inventors: Russell Heinrich; Scott E. Manzo
Original assignee: Tyco Healthcare Group Lp
Priority date: 2002-04-17
Filing date: 2003-04-16
Publication date: 2003-10-30
Also published as: US7780687B2; US20050171563A1; AU2003223672A1; US8480694B2; US20100286717A1

Abstract

The present disclosure relates a device (100) for joining a first body vessel ('y') to a second body vessel ('B'), including an inner member (102) having a distal end portion and defining a longitudinal axis, an outer member (104) defining a lumen dimensioned to receive the inner member therein, and a radially expandable anchor (114) disposed at the distal end of the inner member, the expandable anchor having an initial condition wherein the expandable anchor is disposed between the outer member and the inner member and an expanded condition wherein the expandable anchor is radially larger than the expandable anchor in the initial condition.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ANASTOMOSIS INCLUDING AN EXPANDABLE ANCHOR

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods used for joining tissue portions and, more particularly, to anastomotic devices and methods for positioning and joining tissue cavities using an expandable and/or bio-absorbable material. The present disclosure also relates to devices with .anchors and methods of using the same.

2. Background of Related Art

Anastomosis is the bringing together -and/or joining of two hollow or tubular structures.

For example, the removal of cancerous growth or treatment of cancerous tissue can result in a

need to connect two portions of organs or two body conduits in fluid communication with one another. Most body conduits are generally cylindrical in configuration and have a generally

circular cross-section. When it is desired to suture such a conduit to another body conduit,

typically sutures are placed around the circumference of the conduits in order to maintain their

patency and in order to maintain its lumen or channel. It can be appreciated that the sutures

made on top of the conduits in at least certain anastomosis procedures are made relatively easier

than the sutures made underneath the conduits. The complexity of anastomosis attachment is made manifestly apparent in a surgical procedure referred to generally as a radical prostatectomy (i.e., a well established surgical

procedure for patients with localized prostatic carcinoma). Radical prostatectomy procedures,

for example, require the removal of the cancerous tissue while attempting to preserve the sexual

capability and continence of a patient.

The radical prostatectomy surgical procedure is generally concluded with the joining of

the bladder, in particular the bladder neck, to the urethra, in particular the urethral stump,

preparing and positioning the bladder and urethra for a mucosa-to-mucosa joining, and suturing the bladder neck and the urethral stump in position. This may be accomplished using minimally

invasive surgery. The current radical prostatectomy procedure is hampered by poor accessibility, the friable nature of the urethra, and the close proximity of important sexual and continence

related organs to the surgical site. In addition, the radical prostatectomy procedure is further complicated by the tendency of the urethral stump to retract into adjacent tissue. As a result,

considerable time and effort must be expended to re-expose the urethral stump and begin the

anastomosis procedure. Further complicating this procedure is the fact that the urethral stump is

hidden beneath the pubic bone thus requiring that the surgeon work at a difficult angle and in

positions that are uncomfortable and limiting.

Various devices have been proposed for facilitating a radical prostatectomy procedure. In

U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,179 issued to Edelstein there is disclosed a suturing device including a shaft

with portions defining an interior channel extending between the proximal and distal ends of the

shaft. This channel includes a generally axial lumen which extends to the proximal end and a

generally tr,ansverse lumen which extends from the axial lumen distally outwardly to an exit hole at the outer surface of the shaft. A needle and suture can be back loaded into the transverse lumen of the channel while a generally non-compressible member can be movably mounted in the axial lumen of the channel. At the proximal end of the shaft a handle is provided with means

operative to push the member distally through the lumen to deploy or expel the needle.

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,911,164 issued to Roth there is disclosed a suture guide with a curved

distal portion. This distal portion has a plurality of exterior axial grooves which can be used to align and guide a curved needle and attached suture. In order to drive the urethral stump to an

accessible position, the device is provided with a plurality of outwardly extendable members

which engage the lumen of the urethra. These members make it possible to push the urethral

stump into approximation with the bladder neck.

In U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,039 issued to Avant et al. there is disclosed a surgical device for the ligation of a dorsal vein and subsequent anastomosis. This device contains a pair of enclosed

needles each having an attached suture which needles may be driven from the shaft of the device

into adjacent tissue.

In addition, surgical anastomosis instruments having a "one shot" approach for quickly

securing two vessel portions have been developed and include end-to-side .anastomosis

instruments which are typically used in the aortic and coronary regions of the body. End-to-end

and side-to-side anastomosis instruments for joining vessel portions together are also well

known. These instruments typically use metal fasteners or staples having a "U" or a "C" shape to

join the tissue portions to one another. There are applications, however, such as with the urethra,

where the use of metal fasteners or staples are known to increase the likelihood of future

complications. Accordingly, a continuing need exists for anastomosis devices for performing procedures such as a radical prostatectomy that can position one vessel portion, e.g., the bladder and/or

bladder neck, adjacent a second vessel portion, e.g., the urethra and/or urethral stump, for

anastomosis minimizing or avoiding the use of sutures, clips and/or staples.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to anastomotic devices and methods for performing

surgical anastomosis of tissue cavities.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a device for joining a first body vessel and a second body vessel includes an inner member having a distal end and defining a

longitudinal axis, an outer member defining a lumen dimensioned to receive the inner member therein, .and a radially expandable anchor disposed at the distal end of the inner member, the

expandable anchor having an initial condition wherein the anchor is disposed between the outer

member and the inner member and an expanded condition wherein the anchor is radially larger

than the anchor in the initial condition.

Preferably, the expandable anchor is made from at least one of a sponge-like and foam¬

like material. More preferably, the expandable anchor is made from a bio-absorbable material. It

is envisioned that the expandable anchor has a frusto-conical shape when in the expanded

condition, wherein a distal end portion of the expandable anchor is radially larger than a

proximal end portion of the expandable anchor. It is contemplated that the expandable .anchor

radially expands upon contact with moisture.

It is envisioned that the inner member comprises an inner tubular sleeve defining a central lumen extending therethrough. Preferably, the inner tubular sleeve includes a region near its distal end which is porous to permit moisture which is transmitted, via the central lumen, to the expandable anchor.

Preferably, the expandable anchor is arranged, when in the expanded condition, to permit

liquid to pass therethrough and drain through the inner tubular sleeve. It is envisioned that the

expandable anchor defines at least one longitudinally oriented passage extending completely

therethrough when in the expanded condition.

It is contemplated that the .anastomotic device further includes a control unit, remotely located, for operating the device.

It is further contemplated that the anastomotic device includes a sheath disposed about the expandable anchor for defining the shape of the expandable anchor when in the expanded

condition.

Anastomotic device further includes a griper operatively connected to the distal end of

the inner tubular sleeve.

It is envisioned that the expandable anchor is fabricated from a bio-absorbable material,

wherein the material dissolves after a predetermined period of time.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a device for performing a surgical

anastomosis includes a pair of concentric tubular sleeves including an outer sleeve and an inner

sleeve, each of the pair of concentric tubular sleeves having a distal end portion and a proximal

end portion, and a radially expandable anchor operatively disposable between the distal end

portions of the pair of concentric tubular sleeves. Preferably, the expandable anchor is fabricated from at least one of a foam-like and

sponge-like material. It is envisioned that the expandable anchor has an initial condition for

insertion of the anastomotic device through a body lumen and an expanded condition which

inhibits withdrawal of the anastomotic device from the body lumen. The expandable anchor is

expanded from the initial condition to the expanded condition by application of a fluid thereto.

Preferably, the expandable anchor has a frusto-conical shape when in the exp-anded condition and

a thin- walled cylindrical shape when in the initial condition. It is envisioned that the expandable

anchor defines at least one longitudinally oriented passage extending entirely therethrough when in the expanded condition.

Preferably, the inner tubular sleeve of the pair of concentric sleeves includes a region of

porosity formed near the distal end thereof. According to one aspect of the disclosure, the region of porosity to tr.ansmit a fluid to the expandable anchor. Preferably, the inner tubular sleeve

includes at least one longitudinally oriented lumen extending therethrough, wherein the lumen is

configured and adapted to tr,ansmit the fluid to the plurality of perforations.

According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing a surgical

anastomosis is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a device for performing the

surgical anastomosis including a member having a distal end portion, a radially expandable

anchor operatively disposed at the distal end portion of the member, and a cover disposed over

the radially expandable anchor.

The method further including the steps of passing the device through an opening in a first

body vessel and into a second body vessel such that a distal end portion of the expandable anchor

is positioned at least partially within the second body vessel, withdrawing the cover to expose at least the distal end portion of expandable anchor, expanding at least the distal end portion of the expandable anchor within the second body vessel such that the expandable anchor engages the

second body vessel, moving the device until the second body vessel contacts a distal end of the

first body vessel and a proximal end portion of the expandable anchor is positioned at least

partially within the distal end of the first body vessel, withdrawing the cover to expose the

proximal end portion of the expandable anchor, and expanding the proximal end portion of the

expandable anchor within the distal end of the first body vessel such that the expandable anchor engages the distal end of the first body vessel.

It is envisioned that the expanding includes the introduction of a fluid to the expandable anchor.

Preferably, the expandable anchor is fabricated from at least one of a foam-like and

sponge-like material. The expandable anchor is expanded by application of liquid thereto. Preferably, the expandable anchor has a frusto-conical shape when in an expanded condition. It

is envisioned that the expandable anchor has a thin- walled cylindrical shape when in a

compressed condition.

It is further envisioned that the member comprises an inner tubular sleeve having a region

of porosity formed near the distal end thereof and the liquid is introduced through the sleeve,

through the region of porosity, to the expandable anchor. Preferably, the step of moving

comprises approximating a body organ and a body lumen.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, .an anchoring device is disclosed

including a member having a distal end, a radially expandable anchor disposed at the distal end

of the member, and a cover disposed over the radially expandable anchor to maintain the radially expandable member in an initial pre-expanded condition.

It is envisioned that the cover includes a tubular sleeve having a lumen sized to receive

the member and the radially expandable anchor. The radially expandable anchor is sized so that

upon removal of the cover, the anchor expands. The radially expandable anchor includes a sponge that radially expands upon the introduction of a fluid.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of deploying an

anchoring device is disclosed including providing an expandable anchor, the exp.andable anchor

being expandable upon introduction of a fluid, introducing the fluid to a first portion of the expandable anchor so that the first portion is expanded and a second portion of the expandable

anchor remains in the pre-expanded configuration, and introducing the fluid to the second portion of the expandable anchor so that the second portion is expanded.

It is envisioned that the expandable anchor includes a sponge and the fluid comprises a

liquid. It is further envisioned that the expandable anchor comprises a membrane expanded upon

introduction of the fluid. The first portion engages a body vessel upon expansion.

The method further includes the step of moving the expandable anchor, after the first

portion is expanded, so that a second body vessel is adjacent the second portion. The second

portion engages the second body vessel upon expansion.

These objects together with other objects of the disclosure, along with various features of

novelty which characterize the disclosure, are pointed out with particularity in the claims

annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS By way of example only, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be

described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device for performing an anastomotic procedure, in

accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in an insertion and/or a

withdrawal condition;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an anastomotic device according to the embodiment of

FIG. 1 , shown in a partially deployed condition;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an anastomotic device according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, shown in a fully deployed or anchoring condition;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a distal end of an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, shown in the insertion or withdrawal condition,

within a portion of a urinary system;

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional side elevational view of a urinary system illustrating the

insertion of .an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, in the

insertion condition, through the urethra and into the bladder;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of the distal end of an anastomotic device in

accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5, shown in a bladder anchoring condition, within a

portion of a urinary system;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional side elevational view of the urinary system illustrating

an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-6, in the bladder anchoring

condition, within the bladder;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, shown in a bladder anchoring condition with the bladder and urethra in approximation with one another;

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional side elevational view of a urinary system illustrating an

anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-8, in the bladder anchoring

condition, with the bladder and urethra in the approximated condition;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the distal end of an anastomotic device in

accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-9, while in the fully deployed condition, with the bladder and urethra in approximation with one another;

FIG. 11 is a partial cross-sectional side elevational view of a urinary system illustrating an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-10, in the fully deployed

condition, with the bladder and urethra in approximation with one another;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an anastomotic device in

accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, shown in an insertion and/or

withdrawal condition;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an anastomotic device in accordance with the

embodiment of FIG. 12, shown in a fully deployed or .anchoring condition;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged perspective view of the distal end of an anastomotic device in

accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 12-13, illustrating an alternative arrangement for an

anchor;

FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the passage of an anastomotic device

in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 12-14 through the urethra and at least partially into the bladder with a grasper repositioning the bladder relative to the urethra;

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an anastomotic device in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 12-15 in the fully deployed or anchoring condition with the

bladder and urethra held in apposition to one another by the expansion of the sponge to the

second condition; and

FIG. 17 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating an anastomotic device in accordance

with the embodiment of FIGS. 12-16 being withdrawn from the bladder and urethra while the

sponge remains in situ at the anastomotic site bridging the bladder and urethra.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the presently disclosed anastomotic device will now be described in detail with reference to the drawing figures wherein like reference numerals identify

similar or identical elements. In the drawings and in the description which follows, the term

"proximal", as is traditional will refer to the end of the surgical applier which is closest to the

operator, while the term "distal" will refer to the end of the applier which is furthest from the

operator.

Referring to FIGS. 1-11, in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical

elements throughout the several views, embodiments of devices for performing anastomotic

procedures, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, are shown generally as

reference numeral 100. Although device 100 offers significant advantages to a radical

prostatectomy procedure, it will be understood that the device is applicable for use in any anastomotic procedure where two hollow or tubular structures .are joined, such as when the end of a conduit is to be sutured or otherwise secured to a hollow body organ.

Referring now in specific detail to the drawings in which like reference numerals identify

similar or identical elements throughout the several views, and initially to FIG. 1, anastomotic

device 100 is shown in a first condition (i.e., insertion and/or withdrawal condition) configured for passage through a body lumen and into a body cavity. Anastomotic device 100 includes a

pair of concentric tubular sleeves, preferably, an inner tubular sleeve 102 and an outer tubular

sleeve 104 slidably disposed about inner tubular sleeve 102, and a radially expandable anchor 114 configured and adapted to be disposed about inner tubul,ar sleeve 102.

Inner tubular sleeve 102 includes a proximal end 106 and a distal end 108. Preferably, distal end 108 is provided with a conical cap 110 in order to facilitate insertion of device 100

through the body lumen. Outer tubular sleeve 104 includes a proximal end 128 and a distal end 130 defining a lumen 132 extending therethrough, in which inner tubular sleeve 102 is slidably

disposed.

It is contemplated that inner tubular sleeve 102 includes at least one opening 111 formed

near distal end 108 which opening 111 provides access to a central lumen 112 (see FIG. 5, 7, 9

and 11). Central lumen 112 of inner tubule sleeve 102 defines a central longitudinal axis "X".

If needed, opening 111 and central lumen 112 function much like a Foley-type catheter and

permit fluid to be drained from or infused into the target operative site and/or define an access

channel through which optical instruments can be passed through in order to aid in the viewing

of surrounding tissue.

Radially expandable anchor 114 is preferably a sponge-type and/or foam-type anchor having an initial condition (i.e., low profile, compressed, etc.) when dry and a subsequent

expanded condition (i.e., enlarged profile) when wet. The material of anchor 114 is selected such that anchor 114 has the required flexibility, structural integrity and composition suitable for

internal anastomotic applications. Anchor 114 may be fabricated from a bioabsorbable material, which can be completely absorbed into the body of the patient after a sufficient amount of time

has lapsed, to permit a sufficient amount of healing to have taken place between the body cavity

and the body lumen.

Preferably, as seen in FIG. 1, when in the initial condition, anchor 114 has a substantially hollow thin- walled cylinder like configuration and when in the fully expanded condition, as seen

in FIG. 3, anchor 114 is larger and desirably has a substantially frusto-conical and/or bell-shaped outer profile. In use, anchor 114 expands from the initial condition to the expanded condition

upon addition of moisture, fluid or liquid (e.g., water, saline, sterile water and the like) thereto.

The fluid may comprise any bio-compatible fluid for expanding anchor 114.

The fluid can be applied to anchor 114 from an external discrete source of fluid (not

shown), such as, for example, a syringe. Preferably, inner tubular sleeve 102 and/or outer tubular

sleeve 104 include fluid transmission regions which are configured and adapted to distribute the

liquid to specific locations along the length and around the circumference of anchor 114 in order

to control the rate of expansion of anchor 114 and the initial location of expansion of anchor 114.

For example, the fluid transmission region may be a region of porosity provided at near

distal end 108 of inner tubular sleeve 102, having a length substantially equal to the length of

anchor 114, which extends at least partially around and, preferably, entirely around the

circumference of inner tubular sleeve 102. In this manner, fluid can be introduced to the porous region, via central lumen 112, which is in turn transmitted to and absorbed by an inner surface of anchor 114 in order to cause anchor 114 to expand radially thereabout along the entire length

thereof.

Alternatively, the fluid transmission region may include a plurality of annular regions of

porosity, extending the length of anchor 114, provided near distal end 108 of inner tubular sleeve

102 and defining a plurality of discrete annular fluid tr.ansmission zones each of which are

independently connected to a source of fluid. In this manner, anchor 114 can be expanded as

desired by transmitting a fluid to a desired and/or selected one or more than one fluid transmission zone, or more than one fluid transmission zone, to the inner surface of anchor 114 in order expand anchor 114 as desired.

It is further envisioned, as seen in FIGS. 5, 7, 9 and 11, that the fluid tr.ansmission region

can include a plurality of perforations 120 formed near distal end 108 and extending through to

central lumen 112 of inner tubular sleeve 102. In this manner, anchor 114 can be expanded by

transmitting a fluid, through central lumen 112 and through perforations 120 to the inner surface

of anchor 114.

The above examples are intended to be merely illustrative of specific configurations of

fluid transmission regions which are capable of tr.ansmitting fluid to the inner surface of anchor

114 and are in no way intended to be limiting. It is understood that other configurations of

transmitting fluid to the inner surface of anchor 114 can be used without departing from the

scope and breath of the present disclosure.

As seen in FIG. 1 .and, in particul.ar, FIGS. 4 and 5, anchor 114 is positioned on inner

tubular sleeve 102 near distal end 108 while in the initial condition. In the embodiment shown, anchor 114 is positioned over a fluid transmission region (i.e., perforations 120) of inner tubular sleeve 102. Outer tubular sleeve 104 is then positioned along inner tubular sleeve 102 such that

distal end 130 of outer tubular sleeve 104 is preferably positioned beyond the distal most end of

anchor 114 (see FIG. 5). In this manner, outer tubular sleeve 104 prevents fluid or moisture from

prematurely coming into contact with the outer surface of anchor 114 as anastomosis device 100 is inserted through the body lumen and into the body cavity, thereby causing anchor 114 to

prematurely expand.

As will be discussed in greater detail below, in use, fluid can be introduced to the inner

surface of anchor 114 either before, during or after removal of outer tubular sleeve 104 from around anchor 114. It is envisioned that outer tubular sleeve 104 prevents radial expansion of anchor 114 in the event that anchor 114 prematurely begins to absorb moisture or fluid.

Turning now to FIGS. 4-11, a preferred method of use and operation of anastomotic

device 100, in a radical prostatectomy procedure, will now be described in greater detail. With

the prostate removed, it is preferable that the bladder neck "N" of bladder "B" is first

reconstructed by everting the inner mucosal lining of bladder "B" and suturing the inner mucosal

lining down to the outer wall of bladder "B" using known surgical techniques. Likewise, urethral

stump "S" of urethra "U" is reconstructed by everting the inner mucosal lining of urethral stump

"S" and suturing the inner mucosal lining down to the outer wall of urethra "U", using known

surgical techniques.

Preferably, with bladder neck "N" reconstructed, bladder neck "N" is sized to properly

accommodate and retain distal end 108 of inner sleeve 102 within bladder "B" using a standard

tennis racket type closure (i.e., the opening of the bladder neck constituting the head of the tennis racket and a radial incision extending from the bladder neck constituting the handle portion of

the tennis racket). For example, blabber neck "N" may be sized to match the urethra diameter.

As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, with bladder neck "N" reconstructed, anastomotic device 100 is passed 1-r.ans-urethrally through urethra "U" until distal end 108 of inner tubular sleeve 102

extends out of urethral stump "S" and into bladder "B" through bladder neck "N" as indicated by

arrow "A". Preferably, anastomotic device 100 is configured such that anchor 114 is positioned

around inner tubul,ar sleeve 102 while in the initial condition and outer tubular sleeve 104 is positioned about anchor 114. In particular, distal end 108 of inner tubular sleeve 102 is

preferably positioned such that distal end 130 of outer tubul,ar sleeve 104 and, more particularly,

a distal portion of anchor 114, are disposed within bladder "B" while a proximal end of anchor 114 extends out of bladder "B".

Turning now to FIGS. 6 and 7, with anastomotic device 100 so positioned, outer tubul.ar sleeve 104 is withdrawn in a proximal direction. Desirably, the distal end portion 114a of anchor

114 is exposed and a proximal end portion 114b is covered by the outer sleeve 104. With the

distal end portion 114a of anchor 114 exposed, a fluid is transmitted to anchor 114 and, more

preferably, to the distal end portion of anchor 114. The addition of the fluid will cause the distal

end portion of anchor 114 to expand radially outward to its expanded condition which is many

times greater than when in its initial condition. Preferably, fluid is transmitted to the inner

surface of the distal end portion of anchor 114 as discussed above, however, it is envisioned that

fluid can be fr nsmitted to the outer surface of the distal end portion of anchor 114 by

transmitting the fluid through the central lumen 112, out through opening 111 formed in distal

end 108 of inner tubular sleeve 102. It is further envisioned that fluid can be transmitted to the outer surface portion of anchor 114 via a number of other know methods, such as, for example, use of a syringe. Radially expansion of the distal end of anchor 114 results in the inner surface of anchor 114 squeezing and/or constricting around inner tubular sleeve 102 and the outer surface

of anchor 114 expanding to an outer circumferential diameter which is greater th.an the opening

in bladder "B" resulting in a radial compressive force being exerted on at least a portion of

anchor 114 by bladder "B". Accordingly, when in the expanded condition, anchor 114 will

inhibit withdrawal or prevent withdrawal of inner tubular sleeve 102 from bladder "B".

With anchor 114 in an expanded condition, as seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, both inner tubular sleeve 102 and outer tubular sleeve 104 are withdrawn in a proximal direction, as indicated by

arrow "A" of FIG. 7. As inner and outer tubular sleeves 102 and 104 are withdrawn in direction "A", bladder "B" is also moved in direction "A" and approximated toward urethra "U".

As seen in FIGS. 10 and 11, with bladder "B" and urethra "U" approximated toward one

another, outer tubular sleeve 104 is further withdrawn in a proximal direction, as indicated by

arrow "A" of FIG. 11. Preferably, outer tubular sleeve 104 is withdrawn a distance sufficient to

entirely expose the proximal end portion 114b of anchor 114 which remains in a compressed

condition (i.e., the proximo end portion). With the proximal end portion of anchor 114 exposed,

fluid is transmitted, preferably to the inner surface of the proximal end portion of anchor 114 to

thereby radially expand the proximal end portion of anchor 114. Once again, anchor 114

expands radially inward thereby constricting against the outer surface of inner tubule sleeve 102

and expands radially outward thereby radially pressing against the inner surface of urethra "U"

resulting in a radial compressive force being exerted on at least a portion of anchor 114 by

bladder "B". Thus, with anchor 114 in a fully expanded condition, bladder "B" and urethra "U" are

maintained approximated to one another. Inner tubular sleeve 102 can be left in place .and function much like a catheter (i.e., a Foley-type catheter) for draining fluid from bladder "B".

Alternatively, inner tubular sleeve 102 can be withdrawn from anchor 114 and ultimately from

bladder "B" and urethra "U". The outer surface of inner tubular sleeve 102 may be provided

with mechanical advantage structures (not shown) to facilitate withdrawal of inner tubular sleeve

102 from anchor 114, such as, for example, helical threads, which enable inner tubule sleeve

102 to exert an axial force on anchor 114 and which enables inner tubular sleeve 102 to be withdrawn from anchor 114 by simply rotating inner tubular sleeve 102 about longitudinal axis

"X".

If inner tubular sleeve 102 is withdrawn from anchor 114, it is envisioned that anchor 114

is made from a material having sufficient porosity to permit fluid to travel therethrough and

permit bladder "B" to drain. Alternatively, as will be described in greater detail below, when

anchor 114 is in the expanded condition anchor 114 will define a plurality of lumens or

passageways (see FIG. 13) extending longitudinally entirely therethrough. It is further

envisioned that, if inner tubule sleeve 102 is to be withdrawn from anchor 114, that anchor 114

can be provided with a central tubular rigid/semi-rigid liner (not shown) through which inner

tubule sleeve 102 is permitted to pass. The inner surface of liner and/or the outer surface of

inner tubule sleeve 102 can be provided with mechanical advantage structure to permit inner

tubular sleeve 102 to withdraw anchor 114 in a proximal direction and to permit facilitated

disengagement of inner tubular sleeve 102 from anchor 114. It is further envisioned that liner

can include a plurality of perforations to permit transmission of fluid to the interior of anchor 114.

As described above, in certain embodiments, in certain embodiments, the anchor 114 is fabricated from a bio-absorbable material (e.g., polyglycolic acid and/or polylactic acid) and

preferably, a bio-absorbable expandable/compressible foam material. In this manner, anchor 114 will be absorbed into the body after sufficient time has lapsed to permit the anastomosis between

bladder "B" and urethra "U" to take place and to thereby eliminate the need for the patient to

return to the doctor for a follow up procedure to remove anchor 114.

After the body vessels (such as bladder and urethra in FIG. 5) are approximated, the body

vessels may be secured utilizing any appropriate fixation devices, such as staples, sutures, adhesives or any devices. However, the anchor may be relied upon to secure the body vessels while the body vessels heal.

Turning now to FIGS. 12-17, an alternative embodiment of an anastomotic device in

accordance with the present disclosure is shown generally as 200. Anastomotic device 200

includes an inner tubular sleeve 202, an outer tubule sleeve 204, a radially expandable sponge

214, and a control portion 290.

Referring now to FIG. 13, outer tubular sleeve 204 includes a distal end portion 230, a

proximal end portion 232, and a tubul,ar body portion 234 including a central lumen 236 defining

a central longitudinal axis "X". Proximal end portion 232 of outer tubular sleeve 204 is

operatively connected to control portion 290.

Inner tubular sleeve 202 includes a distal end portion 208, a proximal end portion 206,

and a tubular body portion 210 defining a lumen 212 therethrough. Preferably, lumen 212 is co-

axially aligned with longitudinal axis "X". Inner tubular sleeve 202 is a standard catheter used in vessel applications, such as, for example, a Foley-type catheter, including certain modifications for the controlled dissemination of a fluid. Inner tubular sleeve 202 is configured and adapted to

be operatively connected to and, preferably, in fluid communication with control portion 290.

As seen in FIG. 13, control portion 290 is in fluid communication with a source of fluid

and or aspiration 292 for the administration and/or withdrawal of fluids to/from inner tubular

sleeve 202.

It is envisioned that tubular body portion 210 of inner tubular sleeve 202 includes regions

suitable for the positioning of expandable anchor 214. Similar to anastomotic device 100

described above, tubular body portion 210 can be porous or include a plurality of perforations in communication with a plurality of channels suitable for disbursing fluid to anchor 214 or to selected portions of anchor 214 using separate and independent channels.

.Anchor 214 comprises an expandable structure and may comprise a sponge. Anchor 214

is preferably fabricated from a foam type material having an initial condition when first mounted

onto tubular body portion 210 and, after contact with a sufficient amount of fluid or moisture, an

expanded condition wherein anchor 214 is expanded to a larger structure. Preferably, the foam

type material selected for anchor 214 has the required flexibility and structur,al integrity suitable for internal anastomotic medical applications. In one preferred embodiment, anchor 214 is

composed of a bio-absorbable foam type material. It is envisioned that the material of anchor

214 can be selected such that when in the expanded condition, anchor 214 has sufficient porosity

so that fluid is drained through anchor 214 and through inner tubular sleeve 202 and precludes

the necessity of inner tubular sleeve 202 being configured as a catheter.

As best seen in FIG. 13, anchor 214 , in certain preferred embodiments, is arranged to form a plurality of longitudinally oriented passageways or channels 216 generally aligned with the longitudinal axis "X" and suitable for the passage of liquids, such as, for example, discharge

from the bladder, therethrough.

As seen in FIG. 12, anchor 214, in the initial condition, has a substantially hollow

cylindrical like configuration. However, in the embodiment seen in FIG. 13, the shape and configuration of anchor 214, in the expanded condition, is substantially bell-shaped or fluted.

The structural shape of expanded anchor 214 can be controlled by many factors, such as, for example, variations in the radial thickness of anchor 214 when in the initial condition. It is

further envisioned that anchor 214 can have a monolithic annular structure in the initial condition or be composed of one or more elements. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, anchor 214 has

independent and structurally isolated annular elements 218 separated, for example, by radially aligned walls 220 which are oriented perpendicularly to longitudinal axis "X".

Preferably, anastomotic device 200 includes a sheath 270 positioned over anchor 214

when in the initial condition. The sheath 270 confines anchor 214 when anchor 214 is in the

expanded condition. In certain embodiments, sheath 270 is configured and dimensioned to at least partially form or mold the structural shape of anchor 214 when in the expanded condition.

It is further envisioned that the expansion of anchor 214 is controlled by controlling the

sequence of the application of fluid or moisture to anchor 214 and/or controlling the structural

shape of anchor 214 utilizing sheath 270.

Sheath 270 is desirably a stretchable layer of mesh-type material configured for

positioning over at least a portion of anchor 214. Sheath 270 can include a distal end portion and a proximal end portion which can be removably attached to an outer surface of inner tubular

sleeve 202. Alternatively, sheath 270 can be positioned at least partially between a distal and a proximal terminal edge of sponge 214 and can also be made from a bio-absorbable material.

Sheath 270 may have a perforated structure, and/or be comprised of a web, mesh,

membrane, or other material. In certain embodiments, sheath 270 is disposed over anchor 214 so

that sheath 270 is in a rolled or folded configuration when anchor 214 is in the initial

configuration and then sheath 270 unfolds to a second configuration when anchor 214 is expanded. For example, as seen in FIG. 13, sheath 270 can provide a graduated proximal slope

configured to at least partially advantageously position and align the tissues to be joined (i.e., bladder "B" .and urethra "U"). Sheath 270 can also be configured to be severable or detachable

and ultimately removed through outer tubular sleeve 204 after anchor 214 has expanded and is set in the expanded condition.

As seen in FIG. 14, anastomotic device 200 can include a first anchor 255 positioned on

outer tubular sleeve 204 and a second anchor 256 positioned on inner tubular sleeve 202. Each

anchor 255, 256 is independently movable with respect to one .another .and independently

expandable. The independent movement and expansion of first and second anchor 255, 256 can

enable the fixing of anastomotic device 200 to a first vessel (e.g., urethra "U") and the movement

of a second vessel (e.g., bladder "B") relative to the first vessel to thereby position the first and

second vessels for the anastomosis. Anchors 255 and 256 can be configured to have

corresponding or interlocking interfaces 255a, 256a, respectively, or a separate connecting

member for maintaining the tissue portions in direct contact with one another.

In operation, as seen in FIGS. 15-17, anastomotic device 200 is initially in a first position for trans-urethral passage through urethra "U" and into bladder "B". In the first position

anastomotic device 200 includes an anchor 214 in the initial configuration, provided near distal

end 208 of inner tubul,ar sleeve 202. The inner tubular sleeve 202 and anchor 214 are slidable

within outer tubul,ar sleeve 204.

Anastomotic device 200 is then distally advanced through urethra "U" such that distal end 208 of inner tubular sleeve 202 at least partially enters bladder "B" and, preferably, such that a

distal end portion of anchor 214 is disposed within bladder "B". With the distal end portion of

anchor 214 positioned at least partially within bladder "B", outer tubular sleeve 204 is withdrawn

exposing a portion of the inner tubular sleeve 202 and at least a portion of anchor 214 to bladder "B" and urethra "U".

As seen in FIG. 15, in certain preferred embodiments, inner tubul.ar sleeve 202 is

configured for use with a grasper or positioning device 280 which grasper 280 is configured and

adapted to aid in the positioning of the vessels. In the embodiment shown, positioning device

280 includes a distal end portion 282, a proximal end 284, and an expandable/retractable jaw

portion 285 operatively coupled to distal end portion 282. Control and operation (e.g., expansion

and retraction) of expandable jaw portion 285 is performed from control portion 290 and may be

achieved through means known in the art such as a mechanical or electro-mech,anical connection

as well as fluid connections. Positioning device 280 is used to reposition a vessel, preferably,

bladder "B", either from the exterior or from the interior of the vessel. In one preferred

embodiment, positioning device 280 is slidingly engaged within inner tubular sleeve 202 such

that jaws 285 are positionable distally of distal end portion 208 for the movement of the second

vessel. Urethra "U" is moved into position, if required, by using a separate expandable portion positioned on outer tubular sleeve 204 (not shown), or by the expansion of a portion of anchor

214 positioned within urethra "U" and in the vicinity of urethral stump "S" of urethra "U".

In use, positioning device 280 is introduced through outer tubule sleeve 204 or inner

tubular sleeve 202 and expanded either within or without bladder "B". Positioning device 280 is then manipulated to reposition bladder "B" relative to inner and outer tubular sleeves 202, 204

such that bladder neck "N" is repositioned substantially along longitudinal axis "X" and, more

particularly, such that bladder neck "N" is in apposition and axially aligned with urethral stump

"S" of urethra "U" for the subsequent .anastomosis. Preferably, the relative movements of outer tubular sleeve 204, inner tubul,ar sleeve 202, positioning device 280, and expansion of anchor 214 or a separate expandable portion are performed remotely from control portion 290.

With the distal end portion of sponge 214 exposed within bladder "B", as seen in FIGS.

16 and 17, sponge 214 is expanded from the initial condition to the expanded condition using

control portion 290 to introduce a fluid (e.g., sterile water) from an external source 292 through

passageways defined in inner tubular sleeve 202. The fluid is disseminated into anchor 214 in

order to expand anchor 214 into a predetermined shape or configuration in the expanded

condition.

The annular thickness of anchor 214 while in the compressed condition on inner tubular

sleeve 202 determines the thickness of anchor 214 when in the expanded condition. Thus, the

configuration of anchor 214 in the expanded condition can be controlled, in one, manner by

varying and controlling the amount of sponge material located at a given point along the length of anchor 214 when in the initial condition. Accordingly, those areas of anchor 214 having more

anchor material will have a greater amount of radial expansion when moisture or water is applied thereto. Alternatively, anchor 214 may comprise a compressible material, such as a sponge, that

is sized to expand upon removal of the outer tubular sleeve. The sleeve may be partially

withdrawn so as to allow a first portion of the anchor to expand. After approximating the body

vessels, the outer tubular sleeve is further withdrawn to allow the remainder or a second portion

of the anchor to expand. The first and second portions of the anchor are sized for engagement

with the particular vessels.

Sheath 270 may be positioned over at least a portion of anchor 214 and can include barbs, surgical glue, gripping undulations, or surface treatments (not shown), for example, that can

enhance the gripping and positioning of sheath 270 and anchor 214 relative to bladder "B" and

urethra "U". Sheath 270 can be configured to enhance the bonding area of the anastomosis directly and/or to facilitate the expansion and shaping of anchor 214 such that anchor 214 is

configured for engagement with particular body vessels, such as sustaining a degree of

compressive force from bladder neck "N" and urethra "U".

With the distal portion of anchor 214 in the expanded condition, inner and outer tubular

sleeves 202, 204 are withdrawn until a proximal end portion of anchor 214 is positioned within

urethra "U". Outer tubular sleeve 204 is then further withdrawn to completely expose the

proximal end portion of anchor 214. With the proximal end portion of anchor 214 exposed,

moisture is applied to the proximal end portion in order to cause the compressed proximal end

portion of anchor 214 radially expand. Preferably, the proximal end portion of anchor 214

radially expands such that urethra "U" exerts a radial compressive force to the proximal end of anchor 214.

Outer tubular sleeve 204 can be fully withdrawn from the patient upon the expansion of

anchor 214 into the expanded condition. Inner tubular sleeve 202, if configured as a catheter,

may remain in position for drainage during the period of the .anastomosis or anchor 214 may have

a structure sufficiently porous to define at least one passageway 251 oriented generally parallel

with longitudinal axis "X". Passageways 251 can be suitable for passing liquids and or selected solids depending upon the application of anastomotic device 200. When anchor 214 is

configured with passageways 251, inner tubular sleeve 202 may be withdrawn together with

outer tubule sleeve 204 upon the setting of anchor 214 in the fully expanded condition.

In an alternative preferred method of use, after positioning of anchor 214 within bladder

"B" and urethra "U", portions of anchor 214 are expanded in a controlled sequence by the expansion of a proximal portion of anchor 214 in urethra "U" and expansion of a distal portion of

anchor 214 in bladder "B". The expansion of the proximo portion fixes urethra 100 in position.

The expansion of the distal end portion of anchor 214 is performed sequentially from the distal

most end in a proximal direction such that the expansion of the distal end portion of anchor 214

creates a proximally directed driving force intended to reposition bladder "B" proximally. The

controlled expansion of anchor 214 is guided and controlled by the diffusion of moisture through

selected passageways (not shown) defined in inner tubular sleeve 202 and/or the bounding and

guiding of the expansion of anchor 214 by sheath 270, when employed. The directed driving

force created by the expansion of the distal end portion of anchor 214 positions bladder "B" and

urethra "U" in position for the anastomosis as per the other procedures herein.

The expandable anchor for engaging a body vessel may comprise any expandable structure, including: an onion structure, which comprises a tubular body having a plurality of ribs defining a plurality of longitudinally oriented slots; a balloon or other inflatable structure; a

sponge or other device that is expandable upon the introduction of moisture; an anchor having a

plurality of flexible arms biased toward an expanded position. The expandable anchor may also

comprise the expandable anchors disclosed in certain embodiments of the following PCT

Applications, all filed on an even date herewith: Application Entitled Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An Anchoring Sleeve, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus

For Anastomosis Including An Anchor For Engaging A Body Vessel And Deployable Sutures,

invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including Annular Joining Member, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including Annular

Joining Member, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An Expandable Anchor, invented by Russell Heinrich and Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus

For Anastomosis Including An Anchoring Sleeve, invented by Scott Manzo; the disclosures of

which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein, in their entirety.

The joining member for joining body vessels may comprise any joining member,

including: medical adhesive; a sleeve; surgical staples, clips and other fixators; sutures; a balloon

or other inflatable structure; a sponge or other device that is expandable upon the introduction of

moisture; an anchor having a plurality of flexible arms biased toward an expanded position; an

expandable annular body having body vessel engaging features such as protuberances or barbs.

The joining member may also comprise the joining members disclosed in certain embodiments of

the following PCT Applications, all filed on an even date herewith: Application Entitled Method

And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An Anchoring Sleeve, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An Anchor For Engaging A Body Vessel And Deployable Sutures, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis

Including An Anchor For Engaging A Body Vessel And Deployable Sutures, invented by Scott

Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An Anchoring Sleeve, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including .Annular Joining Member,

invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including Annular Joining

Member, invented by Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For Anastomosis Including An

Expandable Anchor, invented by Russell Heinrich and Scott Manzo; Method And Apparatus For

Anastomosis Including An Anchoring Sleeve, invented by Scott Manzo; the disclosures of which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein, in their entirety.

The methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be used for approximating and/or

joining the urethra and bladder, intestinal portions of the body, blood vessels or any other body

vessels.

While devices in accordance with the present disclosure have been described as being

used in connection with a radical prostatectomy procedure, it is envisioned that devices having a

similar structure and mode of operation can be used in various other surgical procedures. It will

be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the presently

disclosed device and method disclosed herein.

Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as an

exemplification of a preferred embodiment. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the anchor may be shaped for engagement with the particular body vessels upon the introduction of a fluid to the .anchor.

The anchor may be confined within a sheath or tube so that upon removal of the sheath or tube,

the .anchor exp,ands, with or without the introduction of a fluid.

Claims

IN THE CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A device for joining a first body vessel to a second body vessel, comprising: an inner member having a distal end portion and defining a longitudinal axis; an outer member defining a lumen dimensioned to receive the inner member therein; and a radially expandable anchor disposed at the distal end of the inner member, the expandable anchor having an initial condition wherein the expandable anchor is disposed between the outer member and the inner member and an expanded condition wherein the expandable anchor is radially larger than the exp,andable anchor in the initial condition.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the expandable anchor is made from at least one of a sponge-like and a foam-like material.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the expandable anchor has a frusto- conical shape when in the expanded condition.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein a distal end portion of the exp.andable anchor is radially larger than a proximal end portion of the expandable anchor when in the expanded condition.

5. The device according to claim 2, wherein the expandable anchor radially expands upon contact with moisture.

6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the inner member comprises an inner

tubular sleeve defining a central lumen extending therethrough.

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the inner tubular sleeve includes a

region near its distal end which is porous to permit transmission of moisture, via the central

lumen, to the expandable anchor.

8. The device according to claim 6, wherein the expandable anchor is arranged,

when in the expanded condition, to permit liquid to pass therethrough and drain through the inner

tubular sleeve.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein the expandable anchor defines at least

one longitudinally oriented passage extending completely therethrough when in the expanded

condition.

10. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit, remotely

located, for operating the anastomotic device.

11. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a sheath disposed about the

expandable anchor for defining the shape of the expandable anchor when in the expanded

condition.

12. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a grasper operatively connected to the distal end of the inner tubular sleeve.

13. The device according to claim 2, wherein the expandable anchor is fabricated

from a bio-absorbable material.

14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the material dissolves after a

predetermined period of time.

15. A device for performing a surgical anastomosis, comprising:

a pair of concentric tubule sleeves including an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, each of the pair of concentric tubular sleeves having a distal end portion and a proximal end portion; and

a radially expandable anchor operatively disposable between the distal end portions of the

pair of concentric tubul.ar sleeves.

16. The device according to claim 15, wherein the expandable anchor is fabricated

from at least one of a foam-like and sponge-like material.

17. The device according to claim 16, wherein the expandable anchor has an initial

condition for insertion of the anastomotic device through a body lumen and an expanded

condition which inhibits withdrawal of the anastomotic device from the body lumen.

18. The device according to claim 17, wherein the expandable anchor is expanded

from the initial condition to the expanded condition by application of a fluid.

19. The device according to claim 17, wherein the expandable anchor has a frusto-

conical shape when in the expanded condition.

20. The device according to claim 17, wherein the expandable anchor has a thin-

walled cylindrical shape when in the initi condition.

21. The device according to claim 17, wherein the expandable anchor defines at least

one longitudinally oriented passage extending entirely therethrough when in the expanded

condition.

22. The device according to claim 17, wherein the inner tubul.ar sleeve of the pair of

concentric tubular sleeves includes a region of porosity formed near the distal end thereof.

23. The device according to claim 22, wherein the region of porosity to transmit a

fluid to the expandable anchor.

24. The device according to claim 23, wherein the inner tubular sleeve includes at

least one longitudinally oriented lumen extending therethrough, wherein the lumen is configured and adapted to transmit the fluid to the plurality of perforations.

25. The device according to claim 16, wherein the expandable anchor is fabricated

from a bio-absorbable material.

26. A method of performing a surgical anastomosis, comprising the steps of:

providing a device for performing the surgical anastomosis, the device including:

a member having a distal end portion; a radially expandable anchor operatively disposed at the distal end portion of the

member; and a cover disposed over the radially expandable anchor; and

passing the device through an opening in a first body vessel and into a second body vessel

such that a distal end portion of the expandable anchor is positioned at least partially within the

second body vessel;

withdrawing the cover to expose at least the distal end portion of expandable anchor;

expanding at least the distal end portion of the expandable anchor within the second body

vessel such that the expandable anchor engages the second body vessel;

moving the device until the second body vessel contacts a distal end of the first body

vessel .and a proximal end portion of the expandable anchor is positioned at least partially within

the distal end of the first body vessel;

withdrawing the cover to expose the proximal end portion of the expandable anchor; and

expanding the proximal end portion of the expandable anchor within the distal end of the first body vessel such that the expandable anchor engages the distal end of the first body vessel.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the steps of expanding include the

introduction of a fluid to the expandable anchor.

28. The method according to claim 26, wherein the expandable anchor is fabricated

from at least one of a foam-like and sponge-like material.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the expandable anchor is expanded by

application of liquid thereto.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the expandable anchor has a frusto-

conical shape when in an expanded condition.

31. The method according to claim 29, wherein the expandable anchor has a

cylindrical shape when in a compressed condition.

32. The method according to claim 29, wherein the member comprises an inner

tubular sleeve having a region of porosity formed near the distal end thereof and the liquid is

introduced through the sleeve, through the region of porosity, to the expandable anchor.

33. The method according to claim 26, wherein the step of moving comprises approximating a body organ and a body lumen.

34. An anchoring device, comprising: a member having a distal end;

a radially expandable anchor disposed at the distal end of the member; and

a cover disposed over the radially expandable anchor to maintain the radially expandable

member in an initial pre-expanded condition.

35. The anchoring device of claim 34, wherein the cover comprises a tubular sleeve having a lumen sized to receive the member .and the radially expandable anchor.

36. The anchoring device of claim 34, wherein the radially expandable anchor is sized

so that upon removal of the cover, the anchor expands.

37. The anchoring device of claim 34, wherein the radially expandable anchor

comprises a sponge that radially expands upon the introduction of a fluid.

38. A method of deploying an anchoring device, comprising:

providing an expandable anchor, the expandable anchor being expandable upon

introduction of a fluid;

introducing the fluid to a first portion of the expandable anchor so that the first portion is expanded and a second portion of the expandable anchor remains in the pre-expanded configuration; and

introducing the fluid to the second portion of the expandable anchor so that the second

portion is expanded.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the expandable anchor comprises a sponge and

the fluid comprises a liquid.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein the expandable anchor comprises a membrane for restraining expansion of the expandable anchor.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein the first portion engages a body vessel upon

expansion.

42. The method of claim 41 , further comprising the step of moving the expandable

anchor, after the first portion is expanded, so that a second body vessel is adjacent the second

portion.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the second portion engages the second body

vessel upon expansion.