WO2003094644A1 - Heated or cooled item of clothing - Google Patents
Heated or cooled item of clothing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003094644A1 WO2003094644A1 PCT/EP2002/008973 EP0208973W WO03094644A1 WO 2003094644 A1 WO2003094644 A1 WO 2003094644A1 EP 0208973 W EP0208973 W EP 0208973W WO 03094644 A1 WO03094644 A1 WO 03094644A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- clothing
- item
- cartridge
- sodium
- potassium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Cs+] LYQFWZFBNBDLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Rb+] JAAGVIUFBAHDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Rb+] AHLATJUETSFVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- WFUBYPSJBBQSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium iodide Chemical compound [Rb+].[I-] WFUBYPSJBBQSOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-phenylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound ClC1=NC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 MPNXSZJPSVBLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-acetyl-4-methylheptanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC(C)(C(=O)C)CCC#N XWNSFEAWWGGSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3h-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-thione Chemical compound N1=CNC(=S)C2=C1SC1=C2CCC(C)C1 RBWNDBNSJFCLBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBQMKYHLDADRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methylhypoxanthine Chemical compound N1C=NC(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C CBQMKYHLDADRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004153 Potassium bromate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M [(1s,2s)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylazanide;chlororuthenium(1+);1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound [Ru+]Cl.CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1.C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)[N-][C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@@H](N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AZFNGPAYDKGCRB-XCPIVNJJSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium cyanide Chemical compound [NH4+].N#[C-] ICAIHGOJRDCMHE-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iodic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]I(=O)=O ZRDJERPXCFOFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XCZQFKOJEOJRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;sulfurocyanidic acid Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C#N XCZQFKOJEOJRRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WKDKOOITVYKILI-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O WKDKOOITVYKILI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001490 caesium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LCIQMVZXQUMARP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cesium;bromate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]Br(=O)=O LCIQMVZXQUMARP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940077239 chlorous acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium nitrite Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]N=O IDNHOWMYUQKKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH3+]C NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMMDVXFQGOEOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCN XMMDVXFQGOEOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,4-trimethylbenzeneamine oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+](C)(C)[O-])C=C1 NALMPLUMOWIVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011088 parchment paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019396 potassium bromate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940094037 potassium bromate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium cyanate Chemical compound [K]OC#N GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]I(=O)=O JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001230 potassium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006666 potassium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940093930 potassium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004304 potassium nitrite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010289 potassium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KSEORDDPLGPXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;sulfurocyanidic acid Chemical compound [K].OS(=O)(=O)C#N KSEORDDPLGPXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940102127 rubidium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium nitrate Inorganic materials [Rb+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O RTHYXYOJKHGZJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001489 rubidium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LACSDIAFVPRAER-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium(1+);bromate Chemical compound [Rb+].[O-]Br(=O)=O LACSDIAFVPRAER-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GZXRGRLACABJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium(1+);chlorate Chemical compound [Rb+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O GZXRGRLACABJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver nitrite Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N=O KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl=O UKLNMMHNWFDKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002218 sodium chlorite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium cyanate Chemical compound [Na]OC#N ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011697 sodium iodate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015281 sodium iodate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940032753 sodium iodate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NUYZLYQNWFOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;sulfurocyanidic acid Chemical compound [Na].OS(=O)(=O)C#N NUYZLYQNWFOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[N+](C)(C)C RXMRGBVLCSYIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N trospectomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]([C@H]1O2)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](NC)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@]2(O)C(=O)C[C@@H](CCCC)O1 KHAUBYTYGDOYRU-IRXASZMISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- YMIFCOGYMQTQBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;dichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] YMIFCOGYMQTQBP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- MCYYJHPHBOPLMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S MCYYJHPHBOPLMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HFCSXCKLARAMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;sulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HFCSXCKLARAMIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B7/00—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
- A43B7/02—Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements with heating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
- A61F2007/0268—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling having a plurality of compartments being filled with a heat carrier
- A61F2007/0276—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling having a plurality of compartments being filled with a heat carrier with separate compartments connectable by rupturing a wall or membrane
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/02—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
- A61F7/03—Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling thermophore, i.e. self-heating, e.g. using a chemical reaction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/10—Cooling bags, e.g. ice-bags
- A61F7/106—Cooling bags, e.g. ice-bags self-cooling, e.g. using a chemical reaction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heated or cooled item of clothing, in particular shoes, apt to protect those wearing it from the cold or the heat, respectively.
- the present invention relates to a cooled item of clothing, comprising a cooling cartridge, characterised in that said cartridge comprises two compartments separated by a divider that can be easily broken or removed, each compartment containing a substance which, coming into contact with the other, triggers an endothermic reaction.
- FIG. 1 is a partially cross-sectional side view of a shoe according to the present invention
- - fig. 1A is a partially cross-sectional side view of a ski boot according to the present invention
- - fig. 2 is a side view of a cartridge according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- - fig. 4 is an alternative embodiment of shoes according to the present invention
- - fig. 4A is a particular implement for the embodiment of fig. 4;
- - fig. 5 illustrates a front view of a heel of a shoe according to the present invention, according to a preferred embodiment
- - fig. 6 illustrates a front view of a heel of a shoe according to the present invention, according to an alternative embodiment
- - fig. 7 illustrates a detail of fig. 6
- - fig. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a cartridge used in the present invention
- - fig. 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the cartridge used in the present invention
- - fig. 11 illustrates a plan view of clothes according to the present invention.
- Fig. 1 illustrates a shoe 1 according to the present invention.
- this has a sole 2 of a highly isolating material, for instance a thick rubber or para rubber layer.
- a chamber 3 for inserting a heating or, if that is case, cooling cartridge 4 is provided.
- carrier it is understood a container of any type, shape, composition and size, apt to be inserted in any way into any item of clothing, even - for instance - a strong plastic bag, a fabric bag with moulded rubber, or similar.
- the surfaces of the chamber 3 that are different from that into contact with the foot are covered in an isolating material.
- chamber 3 extends no further than the area where the sole of shoe 1 bends, so that the cartridge 4 does not break while walking.
- the cartridge 4, whose shape can be provided with taperings (see fig. 9) for better insertion and adaptation - for instance also by means of a fastener - into chamber 3, comprises a compartment 5 containing a chemical substance and a small quantity of air, while another compartment 6, containing another chemical substance, is separated from compartment 5 by a divider 7.
- the divider 7 keeps the two substances separated, but may be easily broken or removed.
- aluminium paper the so-called aluminium paper or tin foil
- parchment paper the so-called parchment paper, plastic or any other material chemically resistant to both substances, which does not allow them to come into contact and mix in any way, but which does not offer high resistance to breakage either.
- a thin aluminium sheet is preferred.
- the substance contained in compartment 6 may slide therein, for instance by pressing onto point 8.
- the substance contained in compartment 6 may slide therein, for instance by pressing onto point 8.
- a plunger 9 is provided, which may be manually operated from the outside and is laid against the substance contained in 6.
- the cartridge 4 may be made of any suitable material; such material may be chosen depending on the required use thereof. Thus, if a strong thermal impulse is required, although of short duration, use of a metal - preferably aluminium - cartridge is preferred. If a less powerful thermal exchange is required, but with longer lasting effects, use of plastic cartridges is preferred instead. Also in the case of children's shoes, which are smaller and, for this reason, should not undergo sharp temperature changes (which might also prove dangerous to health), plastic cartridges should be used.
- Cartridge 4 may have any shape, for instance cylindrical or parallelepiped. A single
- shoe 1 is illustrated by a ski boot. Since, for technical reasons, it is very difficult to provide the chamber 3 between the heel-sole and the foot-strap, one or more chambers 3 should be placed in other positions, for example, but not exclusively, those illustrated in fig. 1A.
- Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment according to the present invention in the shape of a women's elegant (high-heeled) shoe.
- cartridge 4 is inserted through a recess in the heel 11 , by which it is also kept in position, and is in line with that part of the sole that does not come into contact with the ground; advantageously, cartridge 4 may be better sustained by a support 10 keeping it in position.
- the insole is perforated in order to allow foot transpiration and passage of the heat.
- Figg. 5 and 6 illustrate a detail of the heel 11 according to two separate embodiments.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a version providing a certain number of inlet recesses 12 (from two to six; three in fig. 5) for accessing the cartridge chambers.
- the cartridges will have cylindrical shape and will be visible from the outside. They may be made in different colours, so as to conceal them among the rest of the surface of the heel 11.
- Fig. 6 illustrates a heel 11 with a small flap 13 for allowing the cartridge to be inserted, which may be closed, preferably sealed. Flap 13 is illustrated in fig. 7. It is adapted to the shape of heel 1 1 and is built in the same way as the flaps of remote controls or calculators. As it can be seen in fig. 8, foot-strap 14 of a shoe according to the present invention may be completely or partially removable and be laid on a grid 15. Grid 15 has the function of improving foot transpiration and thermal exchange.
- the substances contained in compartments 5 and 6 are inert per se, but, once they come into contact, they trigger an exothermic or endothermic reaction, as required.
- reaction it is also meant dissolution and solvation phenomena.
- substances are used that, in combination, cause an exothermic reaction. In particularly cold whether conditions, a few antifreeze drops may be added.
- Typical examples of substances that may be used are: calcium chloride in compartment 6 and water in compartment 5, or oxalic acid and potassium permanganate. Reagents of any kind may of course be used, as long as, when combined, they trigger exothermic reactions.
- Water may be used in combination with one or more of the following substances: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, chlorous acid, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, nitric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, gaseous ammonia, ammonium ossalate, lithium hydroxide, lithium chloride, lithium perchlorate, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium nitrite, lithium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, sodium oxalate, potassium hydroxide, potassium fluoride, potassium oxalate, rubidium hydroxide, rubidium fluoride, caesium hydroxide, caesium fluoride, calcium chloride.
- the substances used do not corrode the material into which they are contained.
- the pair calcium chloride-water is the preferred one. If cooling is required, the two substances contained in the compartments must trigger an endothermic reaction.
- Water may be used in combination with one or more of the following substances: iodic acid, ammonium chloride, ammonium perchlorate, ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, ammonium iodate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium nitrate, ammonium cyanide, ammonium sulphocyanide, methylammonium chloride, trimethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium iodide, silver perchlorate, silver nitrite, silver nitrate, lithium fluoride, lithium bromate, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate, sodium perchlorate, sodium bromate, sodium iodate, sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate, sodium cyanide, sodium cyanate, sodium sulphocyanide, sodium sulphate, sodium thiosulphate, potassium chloride,
- Proportions and type of substances to be used must be evaluated and dispensed depending on the application, circumstances and requirements of the user.
- cartridge 4 is inserted, depending on the needs, into chamber 3, inlet recess 12, flap 13 or pockets 19, then point 8 or plunger 9 is pressed. This pressure forces the content of compartment 6 against divider 7, exerting a growing pressure thereon. Once the breaking point of divider 7 is reached - which point is usually very low - the divider breaks. Strap fastener opening of the divider 7 may also be provided.
- the substance contained in 5 thus comes into contact with the substance contained in 6 and it mixes therewith. As soon as the two substances come into contact, a reaction occurs, which may be exothermic - i.e. liberating heat - or endothermic - i.e. absorbing heat.
- cartridge 4 transfers heat to the body or absorbs heat from it, providing the desired effect of comfort.
- Examples of applications of the item of clothing according to the present invention are shoes, children's shoes, boots, ankle-boots, climbing boots, trekking shoes, ski boots, after skis, working shoes, free time shoes, clothes, mountain trekking clothes, climbing clothes, extreme climbing clothes, working clothes, space suits, motorcycling suits, and fashion accessories such as gloves, hats, belts, caps.
- chamber 3 may also be provided with a reinforcement frame, so as to allow supporting the weight of the person, to prevent such a weight from crashing cartridge 4 before time and causing dispersion of the reagents.
- This frame may be of any suitable material such as rubber, silicone, leather or even metal.
- chamber 3 and cartridge 4 ought to extend only within the area where shoe 1 bends when walking, between cartridge 3 and the area of the shoe where the foot toes are there ought to be a thermally conductive material, for example in the form of a flexible wire netting.
- the present invention allows to simply and brilliantly solve the problems created by unpleasant climates, without having to wear excessively heavy clothing. Furthermore, by suitably choosing the material for the cartridge and the substances to mix, as well as the proportions of the latter, it is possible to adjust the heat being exchanged between the cartridge itself and the body of the user in a really effective way.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002484820A CA2484820A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-08-09 | Heated or cooled item of clothing |
EP02764841A EP1507465A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-08-09 | Heated or cooled item of clothing |
US10/513,579 US20060230633A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-08-09 | Heated or cooled item of clothing |
AU2002329240A AU2002329240A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-08-09 | Heated or cooled item of clothing |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITAN2002A000022 | 2002-05-08 | ||
IT2002AN000022A ITAN20020022A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-05-08 | HEATED OR REFRIGERATED CLOTHING ITEM |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003094644A1 true WO2003094644A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
Family
ID=11437369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/008973 WO2003094644A1 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2002-08-09 | Heated or cooled item of clothing |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060230633A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1507465A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002329240A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2484820A1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITAN20020022A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2004135559A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003094644A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1962749A2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2008-09-03 | Cool Medical Innovations, LLC | Cooling blanket |
US7875066B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2011-01-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Thermal grill for heating articles |
WO2011015821A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Julian Joshua Preston-Powers | Brain cooling device |
US7924142B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2011-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Patterned self-warming wipe substrates |
US8319004B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2012-11-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Training article for delivering unique sensations |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8015728B2 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2011-09-13 | Eugene L Benfatti | Shoe insert for heating and cooling foot |
US20080028637A1 (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-02-07 | Benfatti Eugene L | Shoe insert for cooling foot |
WO2012017111A1 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-02-09 | Jover Todoli Juan Jose | Footwear having an accessible heel pad and method for obtaining same |
CN104203028A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2014-12-10 | 田桐旻 | Customized shoe insole and customized sandal |
US10684042B2 (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2020-06-16 | Glenn Norman Brown | Chemical reaction heating system |
CN103142217A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-12 | 江西师范大学 | Electronic body temperature monitor |
US9933198B2 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-04-03 | Eugene L. Benfatti | Endothermic footwear insert |
CN110432584A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-12 | 温州中胤鞋服有限公司 | A kind of plug-in type ice crystal shoes |
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US3585982A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1971-06-22 | Gillette Co | Self-heating composition |
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FR2475402A1 (en) * | 1980-02-08 | 1981-08-14 | Draegerwerk Ag | Protective cooling jacket containing liquefiable cooling agent - has separate pockets inside lining breaking when needed to create chemical reaction |
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2002
- 2002-05-08 IT IT2002AN000022A patent/ITAN20020022A1/en unknown
- 2002-08-09 EP EP02764841A patent/EP1507465A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-09 CA CA002484820A patent/CA2484820A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-09 US US10/513,579 patent/US20060230633A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-09 WO PCT/EP2002/008973 patent/WO2003094644A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-09 AU AU2002329240A patent/AU2002329240A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-08-09 RU RU2004135559/12A patent/RU2004135559A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1962749A2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2008-09-03 | Cool Medical Innovations, LLC | Cooling blanket |
EP1962749A4 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2010-09-15 | Cool Medical Innovations Llc | Cooling blanket |
US8319004B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2012-11-27 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Training article for delivering unique sensations |
US7875066B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2011-01-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Thermal grill for heating articles |
US7924142B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2011-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Patterned self-warming wipe substrates |
WO2011015821A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Julian Joshua Preston-Powers | Brain cooling device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITAN20020022A0 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
US20060230633A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
EP1507465A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
AU2002329240A1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
RU2004135559A (en) | 2005-06-27 |
ITAN20020022A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
CA2484820A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
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