WO2003097261A1 - Apparel having multiple alternative sensors and corresponding method - Google Patents
Apparel having multiple alternative sensors and corresponding method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003097261A1 WO2003097261A1 PCT/US2003/013302 US0313302W WO03097261A1 WO 2003097261 A1 WO2003097261 A1 WO 2003097261A1 US 0313302 W US0313302 W US 0313302W WO 03097261 A1 WO03097261 A1 WO 03097261A1
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- apparel
- information
- physical state
- individual
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
- A61B5/02055—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves using microwaves or terahertz waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
- A61B5/33—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG] specially adapted for cooperation with other devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
- A61B5/6805—Vests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
- A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
- A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
- A61B5/6804—Garments; Clothes
- A61B5/6806—Gloves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
- A61B2560/02—Operational features
- A61B2560/0242—Operational features adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
- A61B5/0008—Temperature signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02438—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to human and/or environmental monitoring and more particularly to such sensors as carried about by a person.
- sensors are known in the art. Some sensors are useful to evaluate the physiological state of a human subject. For example, sensors exist that can monitor pulse (heart rate), respiration rate, blood oxygen, blood pressure, body temperature, and ambulatory electrocardiogram, to name a few. Typically, such sensors must be in contact with the skin of the subject in order to provide reliable measurements of the desired physical parameter. Often times the subject's skin must be prepared in a specific way to interface with the sensor. Other times a dielectric cream or conductive gel must be utilized to assure a satisfactory coupling. Most such sensors are designed for use in a controlled environment, such as a doctor's office or a hospital facility. A few sensors of these types are designed for more portable use. With respect to the latter, data is typically collected during one period of time and then batch evaluated at a later time by skilled technicians and/or medical personnel.
- sensors are useful to evaluate the local environment. For example, sensors exist that can monitor for ambient temperature, carbon monoxide levels, explosive gases, harmful bacteria and/or viruses, hazardous chemicals, and so forth. Many such sensors are permanently installed to effect constant monitoring of a specific area. Other sensors are provided in a hand-held form factor to facilitate moving the sensor mechanism as needed.
- Fire fighters face the risk of working environments where the characteristics of that environment are either dangerous in and of themselves or where the working context is one that presents significant physiological challenges to the subject.
- Fire fighters face the risk of encountering high heat, leaking natural gas, chemical spills, and dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide.
- fire fighters also typically work in a high stress environment. Significant and repeated stress is known to raise dangerous health concerns, including heart attacks and other harmful circulatory events.
- FIG. 1 comprises a block diagram as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 comprises a front elevational view as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 comprises a palm-side view of a glove as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 comprises a knuckle-side view of the glove as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 comprises a flow diagram as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 comprises a flow diagram as configured in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 comprises a diagram as configured in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 comprises a graph depicting various monitorable parameters of a heart.
- Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. Also, common but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in a commercially feasible embodiment are typically not depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the present invention.
- one or more items of apparel have a plurality of sensors disposed collectively therein. At least two of the sensors sense, in alternative ways, a parameter that corresponds to a given physical state. In one embodiment, at least some of the sensors are removably disposed, such that the sensor can be removed to facilitate laundering of the item of apparel or installation in a different item of apparel. In one embodiment, at least one of the sensors is disposed without contacting the skin of the wearer.
- the sensors themselves can, if desired, be permanently affixed within the apparel items (as used herein, "within” includes disposing a sensor on an inner surface of an item of apparel, on an outer surface of an item of apparel, and between inner and outer surfaces of an item of apparel). This can be done, for example, by sewing or by use of appropriate adhesives, rivets, clips, and so forth. Such an approach, of course, raises laundering concerns if the item of apparel requires frequent cleaning and if the sensor device is susceptible to the laundering agent. Steps can be taken to protect the sensor through use of impermeable membranes that encapsulate the sensor device, but such protective measures may be expected in many instances to interfere with proper operation of the sensor itself.
- a preferred embodiment, at least for most items of apparel, provides for non-permanent installation of the sensors. This can be accomplished in many ways, including but not limited to sensor pockets, hook-and- loop attachment mechanisms, zippers, snaps, and so forth. So configured, the sensors can be readily removed from the item of apparel to permit ordinary cleaning of the item without risk to the sensors themselves.
- wearable local displays can be provided to allow the wearer to view information pertaining to the monitored parameter(s).
- wireless communications are utilized to network at least some of the plurality of sensors and/or to network the sensors to another radio platform (such as a hand held two-way radio or vehicle mounted land mobile radio).
- a plurality of sensors are provided. This includes a first sensor 10, a second sensor 12, and as many additional sensors (represented here by an Nth sensor 12) as may be appropriate to a given application. As will be described in more detail below, these sensors are disposed within one or more items of apparel.
- an item of apparel or “items of apparel” refers generally to all manner of clothing and corresponding accessories, such as but not limited to shirts, coats and jackets, vests, pants, shorts, socks and gloves, shoes and boots, underclothing, and hats, helmets, or other headgear. These expressions can also refer to accessories such as neckties and scarves, sweatbands of various kinds, jewelry and wristwatches, and so forth.
- Example 1 The pulse of an individual can be ascertained in a variety of ways.
- a first sensor 10 can comprise a sound transducer (such as an appropriate microphone) positioned proximal the chest of the individual. So positioned, the heartbeat can be detected and corresponding temporal calculations made to derive a pulse rate.
- a second sensor 11 can comprise a magnetic body sensor positioned, for example, at the chest or shoulder of the individual. Such a sensor, typically comprising a magnetic wire loop that encircles the targeted body portion, is responsive to the body's own magnetic field and is sufficiently sensitive as to be able to again detect the individual's pulse.
- a third sensor 12 can comprise a radio frequency sensor located proximal the chest of the individual.
- Radio frequency reflectivity and impedance will vary with the pulse of the individual. Therefore, again, the pulse rate of the individual can be ascertained in this fashion. Under ordinary circumstances, any of these three approaches would suffice to obtain an accurate reading of the individual's pulse rate. By locating these sensors with normal apparel items, however, considerable noise and varying signal strength can and should be expected. By using multiple sensors, and particularly by using a plurality of sensors that use differing approaches to measuring the physical state parameter in question, the resultant data can be processed to yield a substantially valid parameter value at least most of the time.
- Example 2 The same sensors as are used in Example 1 above can also be used to provide a measurement of the individual's rate of respiration.
- the first sensor 10 (a sound transducer) can detect the inward and outward sounds of breathing
- the second sensor 11 (the magnetic body sensor) can detect magnetic field variations that are owing to respiration
- the third sensor 12 (the radio frequency sensor) can detect reflection and impedance variations that track movement of the individual ' s diaphragm.
- Such signals are combinable (or fusible) to yield a composite parameter value that features acceptable levels of accuracy.
- Example 3 The body temperature of an individual can be monitored as well by three different sensors.
- the first sensor 10 can be either of a resistance temperature detector (RTD) or thermistor disposed, for example, at the cuff or armpit area of the individual. So positioned the sensor will provide an output that varies with the individual's body temperature.
- RTD resistance temperature detector
- thermistor disposed, for example, at the cuff or armpit area of the individual. So positioned the sensor will provide an output that varies with the individual's body temperature.
- the second sensor 11 can be an infrared sensor located, for example, proximal the chest of the individual. This sensor 11 will, again, , provide a signal that varies with the body temperature of the individual.
- the third sensor 12 can be a magneto-elastic sensor located, for example, proximal the neck or armpit of the user.
- Magneticto-elastic sensors typically include two coils, the first being a pickup coil and the second being an interrogation coil, wherein the resonant frequency of the sensor shifts with respect temperature due to elastic deformation of the constituent parts. Such coils are typically formed of materials such as
- sensors intended to monitor a physical state of the individual themselves.
- sensors can also be provided that serve to monitor specific aspects of the environment local to the individual. For example, sensors that would serve to detect heat, smoke, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, explosive gases, toxic gases, biohazards such as specific bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and hazardous chemicals could all be disposed within the individual's apparel to support automatic environmental monitoring of such parameters. For many applications it is likely that the resultant signal from such sensors will be relatively small in amplitude. To mitigate such circumstances and to render the sensor signals useful for processing, a high gain amplifier 13, 14, and 15 can be utilized to amplify the corresponding sensor signals.
- the amplified signals can be filtered and/or converted to digital form prior to being provided to a processing and evaluation unit 19. If such filtering and/or converting is not done by separate dedicated units 16, 17, and 18, then in most cases such functionality should usually be provided in the processing and evaluation unit 19 itself.
- the proc essing and evaluation unit 19 will typically comprise a programmable platform, such as a microprocessor, having appropriate logic and storage capability along with input and output capabilities that are appropriate to the given application. More specifically, the processing and evaluation unit 19 serves to receive the sensor inputs from the various sensors and fuse those corresponding signals in a temporally consistent manner. The window of time over which the processing and evaluation unit 19 fuses the sampled information will likely vary, depending upon the physical state parameter being monitored and the specific sensor technologies themselves. In general, however, the processing and evaluation unit 19 should process the available information in sufficient time to consider the end result to be substantially real time.
- Fusing data from multiple sensors can be done in a variety of ways.
- the results of each can simply be normalized and then averaged to achieve a resultant parameter value.
- the results of each sensor can be weighted after normalization to pad the result in favor of sensor technologies known to be relatively more accurate under most circumstances and/or to diminish the contribution of a sensor technology known to be relatively inaccurate under many ordinary operating circumstances.
- the rate of change, or time derivative, of each sensor signal can be used to assess the accuracy of each signal, and only those signals whose rate of change occurs within previously set limits need be utilized. For example, an individual's body temperature rate of change is limited to some extent by their body mass. If an infrared temperature sensor signal monitoring a person's body temperature displays an unreasonably fast rate of change, the signal from that sensor can be discarded. Conversely, the signals from sensors that compare favorably with a rate of change limit can be used accordingly.
- Yet another approach would provide circumstantial sensors that detect circumstances and/or conditions that can lead to inaccurate results from one or more of the sensors (for example, an accelerometer could be used to sense sudden movement of the individual, such that information from a sensor that is known to more likely produce erroneous results during such intervals is dynamically downwardly weighted or discarded for the duration).
- Yet another approach can be the use of a signal, or part of a signal, to trigger, warn, or otherwise influence another sensor. For example, and referring momentarily to FIG. 8, when measuring the heart's electrical signal 81 with ECG techniques using skin-contact electrodes or high impedance remote probes, the ECG QR rising voltage signal 82 ordinarily occurs earlier than heart valve sounds 83 and 84.
- a sound transducer could be synchronized to begin sensing for heart valve sounds only following detection of an ECG QR signal. Such synchronization between one or more sensors can be similarly used to reduce the noise of various other vital sign measurements.
- Still another approach can combine any of the above with weighting factors that represent historical information for this individual. Such an approach can likely reduce artifacts that constitute significant and sudden transients from inappropriately influencing the fused result.
- the sensor signal information can be appropriately processed to yield a parameter value that is of acceptable veracity.
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can also evaluate the resultant parameter value(s) to detect potentially injurious physical states. For example, a threshold pulse rate can be stored within the processing and evaluation unit 19.
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can, for example, provide an alarm such as an audible signal.
- the thresholds used for such purposes can be universal or tailored to a specific individual (taking into account any of the individual's age, physical fitness, and the like) depending upon the needs of the application and the desires of the individual.
- a local display 20 can be provided within the clothing of the individual. This local display 20 can be appropriate coupled to the processing and evaluation unit 19 to permit presentation on the display of various items of desired information.
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can cause local display of the corresponding individual sensor outputs and/or the fused informational result.
- the display 20 can also be used to display information regarding such circumstances (including either objective information regarding the corresponding physical state and/or advice, instructions, or orders regarding actions the individual should now implement).
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can couple to a wireless unit 21.
- this wireless unit 21 can be a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver.
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can use the wireless unit 21 to transmit the fused sensor information and/or the results of any local threat evaluation.
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can use the wireless unit 21 to receive instructions and orders to either be implemented by the processing and evaluation unit 19 and/or the individual.
- the wireless unit 21 comprises a transceiver
- the evaluation functionality described above can be moved to a remote location (where, perhaps, considerably greater computational power may be available to effect rapid and accurate processing and evaluation of the sensor information).
- the processing and evaluation unit 19 can then receive the results of the remote evaluation and utilize the information accordingly. Additional information and description regarding various ways to leverage the availability of a wireless unit 21 are presented below where relevant.
- FIG. 2 depicts one simple embodiment wherein a torso enveloping garment (such as a shirt) 23 has a first sensor 24 comprising a sound transducer affixed within the garment 23 proximal the chest and preferably proximal the heart and a second sensor 26 comprising a magnetic wire loop style sensor 26 disposed to substantially circumscribe, in this embodiment, the individual's chest.
- the first sensor 24 can be placed, for example, within an inner pocket (not shown) provided therefore, and the second sensor 26 can be retained in place, for example, through use of hooks-and-loops fasteners. So configured, both sensors can be readily removed to permit cleaning of the garment 23.
- Both sensors 24 and 26 are coupled to a processing and evaluation unit 25 (signal amplification, filtering, and/or conversion from the analog to digital domain can be accomplished at the processing and evaluation unit 25, at the sensors 24 and 26 themselves, or via an intermediary device or devices as described earlier).
- the processing and evaluation unit 25 is also only temporarily installed in the garment 23 via, for example, another interior pocket (not shown).
- the user need only don the garment 23 in an ordinary fashion.
- the devices can then be switched into an active state by the user through manipulation of an appropriate switch.
- activation can be done automatically.
- One way to achieve this would be to provide a motion sensor that would in turn activate the sensors and processing circuitry upon sensing movement of the garment 23.
- Another way to achieve automatic activation would be to provide a radio frequency tag that, when strobed by an activation signal (as might be provided, for example, at the exit to a fire station) would in turn provide an activation signal to the remaining circuitry.
- Yet another approach would be to provide a portable power supply (through use of batteries) sufficient to maintain the sensors and processing unit in an energized state through a given work period (such as, for example, a single day); with this approach, the depicted sensors and attendant circuitry would simply be in a state of activation at all times.
- a portable power supply through use of batteries
- the depicted sensors and attendant circuitry would simply be in a state of activation at all times.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 depict another embodiment wherein the relevant circuitry is more permanently installed.
- a glove 30 has a first sensor 31 located on the palm side of the glove 30 that comprises, for example, a thermistor or an infrared temperature sensor to ascertain the temperature of the wearer.
- Another sensor 36 comprising, for example, an optical sensor, is located on a part of the glove 30 that will tend to be positioned over a prominent vein or artery. In this embodiment, this sensor 36 is located so as to be positioned on the backside of the hand, near the wrist, proximal to a relatively large vein.
- Such a sensor 36 provides data that is useful in determining information regarding the pulse rate as well as blood oxygen levels of the wearer.
- a third sensor 32 is located on the thumb (or, in an alternative embodiment, on the index finger) of the glove 30 and comprises, for example, an optical or electrical sensor that can again measure the heart rate and blood oxygen as well.
- an optical or electrical sensor that can again measure the heart rate and blood oxygen as well.
- two sensors 36 and 32 are provided to monitor common parameters as both sensors are subject to motion artifact at any given moment.
- optical sensors such as these can be triggered on and off as appropriate to provide for sensor readings only during useful monitoring windows where power source limitations are of concern.
- Another sensor 33 comprises an inflatable ring (which is selectively inflatable and deflatable by a small pump 41 that is coupled to the inflatable ring 33 by a small pneumatic pathway 42) and a pressure sensor. This sensor 33 provides data that is useful when seeking to measure the blood pressure and heart rate of the wearer. Lastly, one or more sensors 34 and 35 can be provided on the distal ends of the glove's fingertips. These sensors 34 and 35 serve to monitor physical state parameters external to the wearer of the glove 30.
- these sensors 34 and 35 could include a temperature sensitive sensor to detect external heat (especially when the glove is used to touch a door or other obstacle to ascertain whether a dangerous conflagration is present on the other side of the obstacle), a pressure sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, an oxygen sensor, and so forth.
- sensors In addition to the sensors noted above, of course, a wide variety of other sensors could be so employed to monitor the individual and/or the local environment. In this embodiment, all of these sensors are substantially permanently affixed within the glove 30. Care would therefore be needed when cleaning such an item of apparel. If desired, the sensors and other related circuitry could be made removable. Accommodating such provisions, however, may likely interfere with the dexterity of the wearer's hand when wearing the glove. All of these sensors couple appropriately to a processing unit 17 which is located, in this embodiment, on the side of the glove opposite the palm side as depicted in FIG. 4. The processing unit 17 functions as described earlier, though in this case the processing unit 17 may not engage in evaluation of the data.
- the processing unit 17 can couple to a small wireless unit 18 comprising, in this example, a very short range radio frequency transceiver (such as one finds in a so-called personal area network). So configured, the processing unit 17 can transmit the sensor data (perhaps as already subjected to gain, filtering, and even digitization as desired) to another processing unit located elsewhere in the apparel of the wearer. This latter processing unit could then combine the sensor readings of the glove sensors with information from other sensors to thereby practice the teachings made herein.
- a small wireless unit 18 comprising, in this example, a very short range radio frequency transceiver (such as one finds in a so-called personal area network). So configured, the processing unit 17 can transmit the sensor data (perhaps as already subjected to gain, filtering, and even digitization as desired) to another processing unit located elsewhere in the apparel of the wearer. This latter processing unit could then combine the sensor readings of the glove sensors with information from other sensors to thereby practice the teachings made herein.
- a display 19 is also provided in this embodiment.
- the display 19 could be, for example, a small liquid crystal display.
- Information from the processing unit 17 itself could be displayed, or, the processing unit 17 could cause the display of parameter readings and/or other information or instructions as received via the wireless unit 18. So configured, a variety of physical state parameters can again be readily monitored without requiring the wearer to take any particularly time consuming actions. Instead, for the most part, the individual simply dons their items of apparel in a substantially ordinary fashion and nevertheless receives the benefits of such sensing, monitoring, and processing.
- these embodiments provide for the reading 50 of sensor data from a plurality of sensors and particularly from a plurality of sensors that sense, in alternative ways, one or more parameters that correspond to various physical states of interest.
- these sensor readings can be evaluated to ascertain a likely reading of the physical state and then compare that reading against a threshold to determine 51 whether the individual being monitored faces a potentially dangerous circumstance. For example, if an individual's pulse rate is presently exceeding a dangerous threshold, that circumstance can lead to a determination that the individual faces heightened risk (i.e., in this case, of suffering a heart attack or other related circulation anomaly).
- information regarding the parameter in question and/or a warning statement can be provided 52 (either with or without an audible alarm sound to alert the individual to consult the display and take appropriate action).
- the raw sensor readings and/or parameter readings based upon the sensor readings and/or warnings information can be transmitted to a location remote from the user to facilitate remote monitoring and/or decision making.
- the individual wearing the sensors may not have local sensor data evaluation processing capability on-board.
- the sensor data can be transmitted to a remote location where resources are available to support such evaluation.
- the receiving unit case ascertain 61 whether an alarm condition exists. When true, a local alarm 63 can be provided followed by whatever additional processing 62 is appropriate to the given application.
- the received message can also contain specific instructions intended for the person wearing the items of apparel. In such a case, in addition to sounding the alarm, such instructions can be presented to the individual using a display, speaker, or other transducer as is appropriate to the form of the message.
- a first sensor 70 could be positioned in a helmet
- a second sensor 71 could be positioned in the armpit of a coat
- a third sensor 72 could be positioned over the chest in the coat
- a fourth sensor 73 could be positioned in a boot
- a fourth sensor 74 could be positioned in a glove.
- Information from these sensors could then be processed in a handheld two- way radio 75 that includes an appropriate transceiver (such as a personal area network transceiver) where the resultant parameters are then evaluated and risks of various kinds assessed.
- Corresponding information could then be transmitted by the two-way radio 75 (using, for example, ordinary transmission frequencies, signaling protocols, and modulation) to another radio unit 76 (such as might be mounted in a nearby vehicle or as provided in a distant communications facility such as a public safety dispatch communications center).
- the latter could, if desired, then be coupled to a network 77 such as, for example, a local area network or the Internet such that the information would be more widely available.
- processing of the sensor data, evaluation thereof, issuance of threat warnings, and monitoring of any of the above can be distributed as is desired and convenient and as might be appropriate to a given application.
- any of these processing steps could occur at one of the sensor locations, at a stand-alone processing and evaluation unit located elsewhere in the items of apparel, at the two- way radio, at a remote radio site, or at any other site having access via the network.
- Those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety of modifications, alterations, and combinations can be made with respect to the above described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such modifications, alterations, and combinations are to be viewed as being within the ambit of the inventive concept.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2003223769A AU2003223769A1 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-04-29 | Apparel having multiple alternative sensors and corresponding method |
CA002483631A CA2483631C (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2003-04-29 | Apparel having multiple alternative sensors and corresponding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/145,600 US6930608B2 (en) | 2002-05-14 | 2002-05-14 | Apparel having multiple alternative sensors and corresponding method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003223769A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
CA2483631A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
WO2003097261A8 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
AU2003223769A8 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
US20030214408A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
US6930608B2 (en) | 2005-08-16 |
CA2483631C (en) | 2009-11-17 |
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