WO2003098724A1 - Substrat support d'electrode utilise comme pile a combustible de type oxyde solide et son procede de production - Google Patents
Substrat support d'electrode utilise comme pile a combustible de type oxyde solide et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003098724A1 WO2003098724A1 PCT/JP2003/006318 JP0306318W WO03098724A1 WO 2003098724 A1 WO2003098724 A1 WO 2003098724A1 JP 0306318 W JP0306318 W JP 0306318W WO 03098724 A1 WO03098724 A1 WO 03098724A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9066—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrode support substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell, and particularly to the size and distribution of pores over the entire surface of the electrode support substrate. Uniform and good gas passage / diffusion, and uniform and adhesive when forming electrodes or electrolytes on one side of the electrode support substrate by screen printing etc.
- TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrode support substrate for a fuel cell capable of performing excellent electrode or electrolyte printing and a useful production method thereof.
- an electrode support substrate is a substrate for electrode formation on which an anode electrode layer or a solid electrolyte membrane is formed on one surface, and the substrate itself has a function as an anode electrode.
- a solid electrolyte layer and a force source electrode layer are sequentially formed to form a support substrate for forming a cell.
- these are referred to as an electrode support substrate.
- a typical structure of a solid oxide fuel cell has an anode electrode on one side and a force electrode on the other side of a flat solid electrolyte free-standing membrane.
- a stack in which a large number of digitized cells are stacked is essential.
- it is effective to make the solid electrolyte free-standing membrane dense and thin.
- a solid electrolyte self-supporting membrane needs to be dense enough to reliably prevent the mixture of fuel gas and air, which are the power source, and to have excellent ionic conductivity, which minimizes the number of conductive ports. This is because it is required to be as thin and dense as possible.
- the fuel cell has a structure in which a number of anode electrodes Z and a cell having a self-supporting solid electrolyte membrane / force electrode are alternately stacked with a separator for separating and circulating fuel gas and air.
- the solid electrolyte self-supporting membrane is subject to a large laminating load, and is subjected to a considerable heat stress at an operating temperature of about 700 to 100 ° C, resulting in a high level of strength and heat resistance. Stress is required.
- a ceramic sheet mainly composed of zirconia is mainly used as a material for a free-standing solid electrolyte membrane for a solid oxide fuel cell.
- a cell is used in which a cathode electrode and a cathode electrode are formed on both sides by screen printing or the like.
- the present inventors have been studying such a plate-shaped solid electrolyte self-supporting membrane for a solid oxide fuel cell for some time, and have studied physical properties and shape characteristics (eg, stacking load and heat stress). (4) Prevent cracking due to local stress by reducing lip, projections and glue), reduce the wall thickness as much as possible to reduce ion conduction loss, and surface roughness to improve the uniformity and adhesion of electrode printing. Research has been conducted in the direction of optimizing the quality, and prior to the publication of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2000-0 — 2814 438, 2000-1 — 89252, and 2001-1 — 108 The disclosed technology was proposed in Publication No. 66 and other publications.
- the solid electrolyte self-supporting membrane is made much thinner and more dense.
- the shape characteristics that is, reducing the porosity, protrusions, paris, etc.
- the present inventors have continued their research with the aim of improving the performance of the fuel cell, but this time, instead of modifying the ceramic sheet used as a self-supporting solid electrolyte membrane, the support membrane type cell was used.
- the research was carried out in the direction of improving the electrode support substrate for use.
- the self-supporting ceramic solid electrolyte membrane is more likely to crack due to the laminating load as it becomes thinner.Therefore, there is a limit even if it is made thinner, and there is also a limit to the reduction of ion conduction loss. Because there is.
- an electrode supporting substrate is joined between the cells as a support material of the cell, or a sufficient amount of electrode is used. Or to have a thickness.
- This substrate has conductivity for conducting electricity and, unlike the solid electrolyte self-supporting membrane, passes through a fuel gas or air serving as a power generation source or an exhaust gas (carbon dioxide gas, water vapor, etc.) generated by combustion of these. ⁇ Consisting of porous ceramic material so that it can be diffused.
- anode electrodes have been formed on a porous electrode support substrate by screen printing, a solid electrolyte membrane has been formed thereon by coating, etc., and a force source electrode has been further formed thereon.
- a method of forming a cell by screen printing or the like to further reduce the thickness of the solid electrolyte membrane and further reduce conduction loss is being studied.
- the support substrate allows passage and expansion of fuel gas, It must be porous with enough pores to allow diffusion, and it is desirable that the distribution of the pores be uniform so that gas can pass and diffuse across the entire substrate without ample effort. It is.
- the electrode supporting substrate is required to have appropriate conductivity as described above, and must be porous with sufficient pores to allow the passage and diffusion of fuel gas, etc. There are apertures. Therefore, in order to enable excellent electrode printing despite the existence of such openings, the surface characteristics defined by the above-mentioned dense solid electrolyte membrane are applied to the porous electrode support substrate as it is. This cannot be done, and the surface characteristics inherent to the electrode support substrate must be clarified.
- the electrode support substrate is required to have appropriate conductivity as described above, and must be porous with enough pores to allow passage and diffusion of fuel gas and the like. There are countless apertures. Therefore, despite such a porous sheet, in order to suppress cracking or breakage of the support substrate due to local stress concentration when receiving a laminating load, the inside and outside of the punching process must be controlled. This is because it is necessary to suppress as much as possible the burrs formed on the periphery and the projections and lips that may be formed inside.
- the electrode support substrate intended in the present invention must be a porous material that allows gas to pass and diffuse, so that it is effective for printing proper and preventing stress concentration on a dense sheet such as a solid electrolyte membrane. It is not possible to apply shape characteristics as they are.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has as its object to provide a fuel cell or the like for an electrode support substrate on which electrode printing or solid electrolyte membrane is applied by screen printing or the like. On the other hand, it has stable, uniform and excellent gas passage / diffusion properties over the entire surface, and is capable of forming a uniform and highly adherent electrode printing or solid electrolyte membrane.
- the electrode support substrate for a fuel cell according to the present invention which can solve the above problems has a porosity of 20 to 50%, a thickness of 0.2 to 3 mm, and a surface area of 50%. cm 2 or more of ceramic sheet, measured by a method in accordance with JISK640, the measured value of the air flow rate in a 4 cm 2 area arbitrarily selected from the total surface area The point is that the coefficient of variation is 5 to 20%.
- the electrode support substrate for a fuel cell of the present invention has, in addition to the above-mentioned requirements, a laser optical type 3 for obtaining excellent adhesion and uniformity when printing an anode electrode or the like on the surface. It is preferable that the surface roughness measured by the dimensional shape measuring device is in the range of 1.0 to 40 xm in maximum roughness depth (Rmax: German standard "DIN 4768").
- the electrode supporting substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is used in a multi-layered state as described above, laser optics should be used to minimize cracks and breakage due to the stacking load during use. Equation
- the burr height measured by the 3D shape measuring device is the sheet thickness. It is desirable that the maximum height of the ridge and / or protrusion is also measured by a laser one-optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus and is 1 Z3 or less of the sheet thickness. It is desirable.
- the production method of the present invention is positioned as a production method capable of reliably obtaining a fuel cell electrode support substrate, particularly a fuel cell electrode support substrate having the above-mentioned characteristics.
- Slurry for green sheet production as a precursor contains conductive component powder, aggregate component, pore-forming agent powder and binder.After milling, degassed under reduced pressure to reduce viscosity to 40 to 10 After adjusting to 0 boil (25 ° C), use a slurry maintained at room temperature while rotating the stirring blades in the slurry at a rotation speed of 5 to 30 rpm for 20 to 50 hours. The slurry is formed into a sheet by a doctor blade method, the obtained green sheet is cut into a predetermined shape, and then fired.
- the slurry for green sheet production has a particle size distribution having one peak in the range of 0.2 to 2/111 and 3 to 50 m, respectively.
- Content ratio of fine particles in the particle size range of 2 to 2 m to coarse particles in the particle size range of 3 to 50 xm is in the range of 20/80 to 90/10 by mass ratio. It is preferable to use 5 to 30 parts by mass of a binder with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the conductive component powder and the aggregate component powder, and the pore forming agent as the slurry. It is preferable to use a slurry containing 2 to 40 parts by mass of powder.
- the cutting edge shape is It is desirable to use a corrugated punching blade, and more preferably And a come blade side or laminate had an angle of the waveform edge (0 ⁇ ), blade edge angle (ratio 2) of the blade cross section, formed by the center line passing through the surface and the cutting edge of the sheet side, which is a product (X)
- the angle ( ⁇ ) and the angle (S 2 ) formed by the center line (X) passing through the cutting edge and the surface on the remaining sheet side satisfying the following relational expression are used.
- ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ 2 Brief description of drawings Fig.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a method for manufacturing an electrode support substrate for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- a frequency graph illustrating a preferred particle size distribution of a slurry for producing green bodies, which is preferably used in the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows burrs formed on an electrode substrate measured by a laser optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.
- Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view illustrating the shape of a laser beam.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view illustrating projections that may occur on the surface of the electrode substrate, and FIG. 4 is a description illustrating examples of energy that may occur on the entire electrode substrate measured by a laser optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a method for manufacturing an electrode support substrate for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- a frequency graph illustrating a preferred particle size distribution of a slurry for producing green bodies, which is preferably used in the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows burrs formed on an electrode substrate
- FIG. 5 is a view showing an example of a particle size distribution of a slurry preferably used when producing a green body which is a precursor of the electrode substrate according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a view for a fuel cell according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory side view illustrating a preferred edge shape of a punching blade used for punching a green sheet when manufacturing an electrode substrate.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional explanatory view illustrating the edge shape of the punching blade.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing another preferred example of the punching blade used in the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of a punching device preferably used in the present invention and an example of a punching process.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a punching apparatus preferably used in the present invention and an example of a punching process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a punching device preferably employed in the present invention and an example of a punching process
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a ventilation resistance measuring apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention. .
- the present invention provides an electrode support substrate capable of reliably obtaining a dense, uniform, and high-adhesion electrode while ensuring gas passage and diffusion required for the electrode support substrate under the following problems. I have been working on it.
- the ceramic constituting the substrate is a ceramic sheet having a porosity of 20 to 50%, a thickness of 0.2 to 3 mm, and a surface area of 50 cm 2 or more.
- the coefficient of variation of the measured value of the air flow rate in a region of 4 cm 2 arbitrarily selected from the total surface area, measured by a method in accordance with JISK640, is 5 to 20%. For some, it was confirmed that the distribution of pores over the entire electrode supporting substrate was almost uniform, and that excellent gas passage / diffusion could be stably exhibited.
- the electrode support substrate of the present invention must be porous, having conductivity, being excellent in thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength, and having sufficient gas passage and diffusion properties.
- the specific configuration of the electrode supporting substrate that can be added will be described in detail below.
- the electrode supporting substrate includes a conductive component for providing conductivity and a
- the main constituent material is ceramic material, which is the skeleton component.
- the above conductive component is an essential component for imparting conductivity to the substrate.
- components serving as an anode electrode supporting substrate include fuel cell operation such as iron oxide, nickel oxide, and cobalt oxide.
- Fuel cell operation such as iron oxide, nickel oxide, and cobalt oxide.
- Metal oxides that change to conductive metals in the reducing atmosphere of time such as seria, yttria dope seria, samaria ado seria, placea dope seria, gadria dope seria
- nickel oxide is the most versatile in consideration of cost and conductive characteristics.
- the skeletal component is an important component for ensuring the strength required for the electrode support substrate, especially for withstanding thermal shock and stacking load, and for mitigating the difference in thermal expansion with the solid electrolyte. If it is a solid component, it may be used alone or in a composite such as zirconia, alumina, magnesia, titania, aluminum nitride, and mullite. Among these, the most versatile is the stabilized zirconia.
- the stabilized zirconia includes zirconia and MgO, CaO, Sr r, and Ba as stabilizers.
- oxides of alkaline earth metals such as ⁇ ; Y 2 ⁇ 3, L a 2 ⁇ 3, C e ⁇ 2, P r 2 ⁇ 3 N d 2 0 3, S m 2 O 3> E u 2 ⁇ 3 , G d 2 ⁇ 3, T b 2 ⁇ 3, D y 2 ⁇ 3, E r 2 O 3, T m 2 O 3> Y b 2 0 oxide of a rare earth element 3 such as; S c 2 0 3, B i 2 ⁇ 3, I n 2 ⁇ 3 Hitoshiryoku, Ku et one Wakashi selected those were dissolved two or more kinds of oxides, or even alumina as a dispersion strengthening agent to, titania, T a 2 ⁇ 5, N b 2 O 5, etc. dispersion strengthened Jirukonia or the like which is added is illustrated as a casting Shi preferred. Also, C e O, and B io O q have C a OS r ⁇ , B a ⁇ Y
- T a 2 O 5 N b 2 ⁇ 5 of one is also rather has the added cell re ⁇ based or bismuth or two or more, furthermore, be used L a G a ⁇ 3-described galley preparative system Ceramic It is possible.
- zirconia stabilized with 25 to 12 mol% of zirconium and zirconia stabilized with 3 15 mol% of scandium are particularly preferred.
- the content ratio of the conductive component and the skeletal component is important for imparting appropriate conductivity and strength characteristics to the obtained electrode support substrate, and when the amount of the conductive component becomes relatively large, the conductivity of the substrate becomes large.
- strength properties are reduced while the amount of the skeletal component is relatively small, while strength properties are enhanced by an increase in the amount of the skeleton component when the amount of the conductive component is relatively small. Therefore, the mixing ratio of the two should be appropriately determined in consideration of these balances, and the ratio slightly varies depending on the type of the conductive component, etc., but mainly the anode electrode supporting substrate.
- the skeleton component is 60 to 20% by mass relative to the conductive component 40 to 80% by mass, and more generally, the skeleton component is 50 to 70% by mass. The range of the component 50 to 30% by mass is preferred.
- the electrode support substrate of the present invention is composed of a conductive component and a skeletal component as described above.
- the skeletal component ensures mechanical strength and heat resistance, and the conductive component imparts conductivity to the substrate. .
- the electrode support substrate composed of these requires pores for passing and diffusing the fuel gas and the combustion exhaust gas, and the gas passes smoothly under a low pressure loss. To make the whole Therefore, the gas must have a porosity of 20% or more in an oxidizing atmosphere. If the porosity is less than 20%, the gas will be insufficiently passed and diffused, thereby lowering the power generation efficiency. A more preferred porosity is 25% or more, and more preferably 30% or more.
- the porosity is too large, the strength characteristics and heat stress of the substrate will be reduced, and the substrate will be broken or deteriorated due to the laminated load or thermal shock when assembled as a stack.
- the distribution state of the conductive component becomes sparse, and the conductivity tends to be insufficient. Therefore, at most 50% or less, preferably 45% or less, more preferably 40% or less is used. %.
- the electrode supporting substrate of the present invention must have a thickness in the range of 0.2 to 3 mm, and if the thickness is less than 0.2 mm, it is too thin to secure the strength as the electrode supporting substrate. On the other hand, if the thickness is excessively larger than 3 mm, the strength is improved, but when a large number of these are laminated and put into practical use as a cell stack, the entire laminated structure becomes thicker, and the power generation device is formed. Therefore, it becomes difficult to meet the demand for compaction.
- the preferred thickness for practical use as a fuel cell is 0.3 mm or more.
- the size of the electrode supporting substrate according to the present invention depends on the application and the scale, but it is also important to secure a practical level of power generation, and for that purpose, a minimum necessary surface area should be secured. It is desirable to secure a sheet area (surface area on one side) of at least 50 cm 2, more preferably at least 100 cm 2 .
- the variation coefficient of the measured value of air permeability in the region of 4 cm 2 arbitrarily selected from the entire surface of the substrate is 5%. It must be in the range of ⁇ 20% and exhibit almost uniform gas passage and diffusion properties as a whole. In order to allow the fuel gas and the reaction product gas to pass through promptly as the electrode support substrate, it is naturally preferable that the electrode support substrate has a uniform gas passage / diffusion property as a whole. It is desirable that the distribution of pores over the entire substrate is uniform.
- the air permeability is a value measured in accordance with the air permeability measurement method defined in JISK640 (19997) concerning the test method for flexible urethane foam. Specifically, the substrate was cut into a 3 cm square (area 9 cm 2 ) with a diamond cutter, and one side (low pressure side) of this test piece was depressurized, and the other side (high pressure side).
- a steady flow differential pressure measurement method is adopted in which air is introduced and air permeability is measured by increasing the pressure on the low pressure side.
- 0.5 cm each of both ends of the test piece shall be used for holding the test piece, and the effective ventilation area shall be 4 cm 2 .
- the standard deviation was calculated to relatively represent the fluctuation and variation of the airflow measurement values, and the variation coefficient obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the average value was used.
- the coefficient of variation is defined as 5 to 20%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15%, and even more preferably in the range of 5 to 13%.
- the content exceeds 20%, cracks or cracks are generated in the substrate in most cases. This is because when the fuel gas passes through the substrate, it cannot be passed uniformly, causing a bias, and the fuel gas reaching the vicinity of the electrolyte becomes uneven depending on the location. It is considered that temperature distribution occurs due to the formation of few places.
- the variation coefficient is 0%, but the variation coefficient obtained by the above method is at least 5%. Is defined as the lower limit.
- the distribution of pores over the entire substrate is uniform, and the pore size is preferably 3 Hm or more and 2 O ⁇ m or less in average diameter.
- the average diameter of the pores is less than 3 ⁇ m, the passage of gas will be insufficient and the diffusivity will be insufficient, which may cause the same problem as the case of insufficient porosity.
- the average diameter is too large, the porosity will be excessive As in the case of Since it tends to become a foot, it is better to keep it to 20 m or less.
- the coefficient of variation of the measured porosity and air permeability of the substrate, and more preferably the average diameter of the pores, are determined by the type and amount of the pore-forming agent used in the production of the substrate, the amount of the raw material powder, and the like. It can be adjusted depending on the particle size composition, the temperature at which the green sheet as a precursor of the substrate is fired, and the like, and specific methods thereof will be described later.
- an anode electrode and an electrolyte layer are formed on one surface by screen printing or the like as described above, but a uniform and reliable electrode or electrolyte printing with high adhesion is performed.
- the surface must be controlled to an appropriate surface roughness. According to experiments conducted by the present inventors, it was confirmed that the maximum roughness depth (Rmax: German standard “DIN 4768”) should be 10 m or more and 40 m or less. Was done.
- the electrode supporting substrate of the present invention which is porous for ensuring gas passage and diffusion, has a surface roughness using a contact-type surface roughness measuring device, which is generally employed for dense sheets. Cannot accurately evaluate the quality of the surface properties, and it is assumed that the surface roughness measured in a non-contact state by a laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus and that satisfies the above Rmax. It is desirable to do it.
- R max when R max is less than 1, the electrode printing layer tends to have insufficient adhesion because the surface is too smooth, and the electrode printing layer separates from the substrate due to thermal shock during handling or operation. And there is a tendency for gas permeability and diffusivity to be insufficient.
- R max exceeds 40 m, the thickness of the electrode layer becomes uneven at the time of electrode printing, or a part of the electrode constituent material is buried in the concave portion on the surface, and the electrode layer is formed on the surface of the electrode layer. Irregularities may occur, leading to an increase in conductive loss, and furthermore, during firing or as a fuel cell. During operation, cracks may occur in the electrode layer.
- R max 2.0 m or more, 30 m or less, more preferably 20 m or less, in order to increase the adhesion of the electrode printing layer while minimizing the conductive hole. .
- the non-contact type laser optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus was used for evaluating the surface roughness for the following reasons.
- a contact type surface roughness measuring device such as a stylus type
- the stylus is caught by the pores and the surface roughness is reduced. This is because it is difficult to measure the surface roughness smoothly, and since the pores opened on the surface are relatively deep, accurate surface roughness cannot be measured by the contact method.
- the coefficient of variation of the measured value of the air permeability obtained by the above method is 5 to 20%, and preferably, the maximum roughness depth (R max) is set to an appropriate range.
- R max the maximum roughness depth
- the gas is porous and uniform in thickness, and the gas flow and diffusion over the entire surface are uniform, causing a gas flow drift and an extreme temperature distribution during operation. At the same time, it enables electrode printing with high adhesion.
- the particle size of the raw material powder used in the production of Darin sheet which is a precursor of the ceramic constituting the electrode support substrate It is necessary to properly control the production conditions and firing conditions of the green sheet and green sheet, which will be described later.
- the electrode supporting substrate of the present invention is stacked and assembled in a large number in the upward and downward directions, so that a large laminating load is applied, and furthermore, thermal shock and thermal stress due to heat during operation. Therefore, even if there are slight burrs or protrusions on the laminated surface, stress concentrates on those parts, causing cracks and cracks. When such cracks and cracks occur on the substrate, they form on the surface When cracks and cracks spread on the solid electrolyte membrane, the shielding effect of fuel gas and the like is lost, and the fuel cell can operate as a fuel cell. Disappears.
- burrs, protrusions, and ridges on the substrate surface become large, not only the anode layer and solid electrolyte layer formed on the surface become non-uniform, but also the adhesion to the substrate becomes poor.
- the burr height of the peripheral portion measured by the laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus is 1 Z 2 or less of the sheet thickness.
- the maximum protrusion height measured by the laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring device is also less than 1/3 of the sheet thickness, and the maximum projection height also measured by the laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring device.
- the burr height is not more than 1/2 of the sheet thickness, more preferably not more than 1/3, and more preferably not more than 1 Z4. The lower one has almost no cracking or cracking even when subjected to a practical level of stacking load-heat stress, etc., and maintains the specified power generation performance as a fuel cell for a long time. It was confirmed that it could be done.
- the burr height is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, the maximum height and the minimum height in the vertical direction section from the outer periphery (or inner periphery) of the substrate cut surface. Means the difference from the part and is determined by a non-contact laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring device.
- the burr height obtained by the above method is suppressed to 1 Z 2 or less of the sheet thickness, local stress concentration due to load or thermal shock in a laminated state is minimized. Therefore, cracks and cracks can be minimized.
- the maximum protrusion height and the maximum panel height on the substrate surface be as small as possible.
- the standard is to reduce stress cracking and cracking when a stacking load is applied, and to reduce the likelihood of homogenizing the electrode layer and solid electrolyte membrane formed on the electrode surface.
- the maximum projection height measured by the optical three-dimensional shape measurement device should be 1 Z 3 or less, more preferably 1/4 or less, more preferably 1 Z 5 or less of the sheet thickness, or It is desirable that the maximum panel height be 1 Z 3 or less, more preferably 1/4 or less, and even more preferably 1 Z 5 or less of the sheet thickness.
- the above-mentioned protrusion is, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a diameter of 2 to 15 mm (more generally, 5 to 10 mm) which is basically independently formed on the surface of the electrode sheet.
- Means the degree of convexity For example, as shown in FIG. 3, it means continuous distortion in the form of a wave that tends to occur on the electrode sheet, especially at the peripheral edge. These distortions irradiate the sheet surface with one laser beam and reflect the reflected light. It can be obtained by three-dimensional analysis.
- the shape of the ceramic sheet constituting the electrode support substrate of the present invention may be any of a circle, an ellipse, a square, a square having an R (R), and the like. It may have one or two or more holes, such as an ellipse, a square having a square R, or the like.
- R an R
- the electrode supporting substrate of the present invention comprises: a powder comprising a metal or a metal oxide serving as the conductive component; a metal oxide powder serving as a skeletal component; An organic or inorganic binder and a dispersing medium (solvent) and, if necessary, a dispersant and a plasticizer are mixed uniformly to form a paste, which is then used to form a paste.
- Green sheet by applying a suitable thickness on a smooth sheet (for example, polyester sheet, etc.) by any means such as squeezing method or extrusion method, and drying it to volatilize and remove the dispersion medium (solvent). Get.
- any type of pore-forming agent can be used as long as it can be burned off under the above-mentioned calcination conditions.
- Natural organic powders such as talented starch or (meth) acrylic
- a thermally decomposable or sublimable resin powder such as a crosslinked fine particle aggregate made of resin or the like, melaminocyanurate, or a carbonaceous powder such as Rikibon black activated carbon is used.
- corn starch, aggregates of acrylic crosslinked fine particles, black iron, and the like are preferable since they can contain a large amount of conductive components as described later.
- pore-forming agent powders is spherical or rugby pole-shaped in order to contain a large amount of conductive components and to promote uniform distribution of the conductive components in the ceramic substrate obtained by firing. It is also preferable that the powder or the fine particle aggregate itself has pores so that the conductive component can be contained in the powder or the fine particle aggregate.
- the preferred particle size of the above-mentioned powder or crosslinked fine particle aggregate serving as a pore-forming agent is determined by a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name).
- the average particle size measured by “SALD — 110”) is 0.5 to 100 tm, more preferably 3 to 50 Hm, and the 10% volume diameter is 0.1 to: L. 0 / im, more preferably in the range 1-5 / m.
- SALD — 110 particularly preferred are crosslinked fine particle aggregates as exemplified above, for example, obtained by emulsion polymerization of a (meth) acrylic monomer as disclosed in JP-A-2000-530720.
- the crosslinked polymer emulsion obtained by spray drying the obtained crosslinked polymer emulsion is a fine particle aggregate having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 100 m in which crosslinked polymer fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 30 m are mutually assembled. is there.
- the pore-forming agent can be individually mixed with the raw material powder to form a slurry for forming a green sheet.
- the pore-forming agent and the conductive component are mixed or combined. Then, it is also effective to mix it with other raw materials. That is,
- Conductive component powder or its precursor compound and the pore-forming agent A method in which the conductive component powder and its precursor compound are uniformly adhered to the surface of the pore-forming agent powder by blending in a ratio and wet-mixing or dry-mixing.
- a method as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-22032 is diverted to convert the above-mentioned pore-forming agent powder and a precursor compound which generates a conductive component by thermal decomposition.
- a method of mixing and volatilizing the solvent and dry-grinding with a mill or the like, or a method of volatilizing and removing the solvent while wet-milling can be adopted.
- polymerizable monomer mixtures such as (meth) acrylic monomers are used.
- Emulsion polymerization is performed to produce a fine particle aggregate having an average particle size of 0.5 to 100 xm in which crosslinked polymer fine particles having an average particle size of 0.01 to 30 m adhere to each other.
- the use of the pore-forming agent containing a conductive component as described above can provide the following effects. That is, the pore-forming agent burns and disappears during green sheet baking, and pores are formed in that part. If a conductive component coexists in that part, pores exist near the conductive component after baking. Therefore, when the electrode is used as a fuel cell electrode support substrate, even if the conductive component undergoes volume expansion due to oxidation, the pores absorb the strain caused by the volume expansion, and the electrode support is formed. Prevents cracks and cracks that tend to occur on the substrate. As a result, it is possible to improve the heat shock resistance and the heat stress of the electrode support substrate.
- the pore-forming agent is an important component for providing gas passage and diffusion to the electrode supporting substrate by burning out as described above and forming pores during heating and sintering.
- the content be in the range of from not less than 40 parts by mass, more preferably not less than 5 parts by mass and not more than 30 parts by mass.
- the amount of the pore-forming agent is insufficient, the pores formed by thermal decomposition during heating and firing tend to be insufficient, and it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory gas-passing / diffusing electrode supporting substrate.
- sintering can be promoted by raising the sintering temperature or extending the sintering time, and the porosity can be reduced.However, sintering does not only take a long time but also consumes energy. Is also uneconomical because it increases significantly.
- binder used for producing green sheets there is no particular limitation on the type of binder used for producing green sheets, and a conventionally known organic binder can be appropriately selected and used.
- organic binder include an ethylene copolymer, a styrene copolymer, an acrylate or methacrylate copolymer, a vinyl acetate copolymer, a maleic acid copolymer, and vinyl butyral.
- Alkyl acrylates having an alkyl group having 10 or less carbon atoms such as ethylhexyl acrylate; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate Alkyl groups with 20 or less carbon atoms, such as relay, 2-ethylethyl methacrylate, decyl methyl acrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate Alkyl methacrylates having the following formulas; hydroxy such as hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxymethacrylate, and hydroxypropyl acrylate; Acrylates or methacrylates having an alkyl group; dimethyl Aminoalkyl acrylates or aminoalkyl methacrylates, such as aminoethyl acrylate and dimethyla
- Acrylate or methacrylate copolymer in particular, isobutyl methacrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate as a monomer component is 60% by mass or more. Containing copolymers are recommended as preferred.
- the raw material powder total of conductive component, skeleton component and pore-forming agent
- the ratio of the binder and the binder is in the range of not less than 100 parts by mass, not less than 5 parts by mass, not more than 30 parts by mass, more preferably not less than 10 parts by mass and not more than 20 parts by mass.
- the amount of the binder used is insufficient, the strength and flexibility of the green sheet become insufficient.
- the amount is too large, not only does it become difficult to adjust the viscosity of the slurry, but also Decomposition and release of the binder component during firing are large and intense, and it is difficult to obtain a green sheet having a uniform surface texture.
- the dispersion medium used in the production of green sheets includes alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-hexanol; Ketones such as pentane, hexane, and butane; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and butane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene; methyl acetate; Acetates such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate can be appropriately selected and used.
- These dispersion media can be used alone or, if necessary, in combination of two or more kinds. The most common of these dispersants are 2-propanol, toluene, and ethyl acetate.
- a pore-forming material powder and a skeleton component powder containing the above-mentioned conductive component powder or its precursor compound, or a conductive component that may be supplemented as necessary The powder is uniformly mixed with a binder, a dispersing medium, and, if necessary, a dispersant for promoting deflocculation and dispersion of the raw material powder, a plasticizer, and the like, to obtain a slurry in a uniformly dispersed state.
- dispersing agent used herein examples include: polyelectrolytes such as polyacrylic acid and polyacrylic acid ammonium; organic acids such as citric acid and tartaric acid; isobutylene or styrene and maleic anhydride. And its ammonium salts, amine salts, and copolymers of butadiene and maleic anhydride. Also, plasticizers have the effect of increasing the flexibility of green sheets. Specific examples include fluoric acid esters such as dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate; and glycols such as propylene glycol. ⁇ Glycol esters are exemplified.
- the raw material powder as the skeleton component of the electrode supporting substrate according to the present invention has an average particle diameter of not less than 0.3, not more than 3 and 90% by volume and not more than 6 m, more preferably not more than 0.1.
- the particle size of 90% by volume is not more than 3 im at ⁇ m or more and 1.5 m or less, and more preferably the particle size of 90% by volume is not less than 1.
- the powder used as a raw material of the conductive component has an average particle diameter of not less than 0, 15 m or less, 90% by volume and a particle diameter of 30 im or less, more preferably an average particle diameter of 30 im or less.
- the raw material powder constituting the skeletal component a powder having an average particle diameter exceeding 3 and having a particle diameter of 90% by volume exceeding 6 im is used, and the average particle diameter is used as the raw material powder constituting the conductive component. Is more than 15 m and a powder having a particle size of 90% by volume of more than 30 m is used, because not only porosity by calcination but also pores between particles are voids. It is difficult to obtain the expected thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength.
- the average particle size When the powder having a mean particle size of less than 0.6 is used as the constituent material of the conductive component, the powder in the sintered body is used despite the use of the pore-forming agent. The pores become too small and gas permeability and diffusivity tend to be insufficient.
- the surface roughness is properly measured by a laser-optical three-dimensional shape measuring apparatus.
- a green sheet that is a precursor for ceramics must be manufactured.
- Slurry for use includes conductive component powder, aggregate component powder, pore former powder, and binder.
- the mixture After milling, the mixture is defoamed under reduced pressure to obtain a viscosity of 40 to 100 voids (25 After adjusting to C), the slurry was kept at room temperature while rotating the stirring blades in the slurry at a rotation speed of 5 to 30 rpm for 20 to 50 hours, and the slurry was used. Is formed into a sheet by the doctor blade method, and the resulting green sheet is cut into a predetermined shape. After, arbitrariness and the child to adopt a method of baked growth is desired.
- the viscosity of the slurry should be adjusted to 40 to L0 Vois (25 ° C). If the viscosity is lower than 40 Vois, the fluidity of the slurry is too high. Board with a thickness of 1 mm or more, especially 2 mm or more If it exceeds 100 voids, it is difficult to reduce bubbles remaining in the slurry, especially fine bubbles of 1 m level, because the viscosity is too high. Become. From this point of view, a more preferred slurry viscosity is 50 to 80 voices (25).
- the more preferred rotation speed is 5 to 20 rpm.
- the shape of the stirring blade is not particularly limited, but an anchor-shaped stirring blade with little air mixing is preferable.
- conductive component powder, aggregate component powder, and pores are used as slurry for the production of Darin sheet, which is a ceramic precursor.
- Darin sheet which is a ceramic precursor.
- a viscosity-adjusted slurry of the same composition milled in the same manner is added to a viscosity-adjusted slurry held at room temperature while rotating at a rotation speed of 30 rpm for 20 to 50 hours to obtain a slurry.
- the viscosity is adjusted based on the total of 100 parts by mass of the conductive component powder and the aggregate component powder in the viscosity-adjusted slurry. It is preferable to add so that the total of the conductive component powder and the aggregate component powder in the unadjusted slurry is 95 to 105 parts by mass.
- the equipment used for degassing under reduced pressure should have a capacity of 10 liters or more, preferably 30 liters or more, and more preferably 5 liters or more, equipped with a refrigerator and a recovery tank for solvent recovery. It is preferable to use a concentration-stirring deaerator with a volume of 0 liters or more. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a substrate of sufficient quality intended in the present invention.
- the particle size distribution in a slurry state used for manufacturing a green sheet that is a precursor of a ceramic serving as an electrode supporting substrate is also important.
- the surface roughness of the supporting substrate is affected to some extent by the particle size composition of the raw material powder used, and if a coarser material is used, the surface roughness of the sintered body becomes relatively coarse, and When using, the surface roughness becomes relatively dense. If the conductive component material powder and the skeleton component material powder constituting the electrode supporting substrate have the above-mentioned preferred particle size configurations, the above-mentioned appropriate porosity can be obtained. In addition to this, it is easy to obtain a maximum roughness depth (Rmax) within a suitable range.
- Rmax maximum roughness depth
- the slurry state used for producing the unfired green sheet is a factor that most affects the porosity and surface roughness of the electrode supporting substrate. It is important to adjust the particle size distribution of the solid components in the process so as to satisfy the above-mentioned preferable requirements.
- the particle size distribution of the solid components in the raw material powder and the slurry is a value measured by the following method.
- the particle size distribution of the raw material powder was measured using a laser-diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer “SALD_1100” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- An aqueous solution to which sodium phosphate is added is used as a dispersion medium, This is a measured value after adding 0.01 to 1% by mass of each raw material powder to about 100 cm 3 of the dispersion medium and ultrasonically dispersing for 3 to 10 minutes.
- the particle size distribution of solid component in the solvent of the same composition as the solvent medium in the scan Rally is used as the dispersion medium, each slide rie in the dispersing medium 1 0 0 cm 3 0. 1 ⁇ 1 %, And similarly measured after dispersion by ultrasonication for 3 to 10 minutes, and can be obtained as, for example, a particle size distribution frequency graph as shown in FIG.
- the relative A green body filled with relatively fine particles of 0.2 to 2 m is formed between relatively coarse particles of 3 to 50 m, and it is preferable to bake this green body.
- a sintered body having roughness can be obtained.
- the fine particles in the range of 0.2 to 2 ⁇ m and the coarse particles in the range of 3 to 50 / xm in a slurry state are used. Is in the range of 20/80 to 90/10 in terms of mass ratio, and more preferably in the range of 40/60 to 80Z20. Further, the preferred average particle size as a whole is in the range of 0.2 to 5 m, more preferably 0.3 to 3 m, and the particle size distribution in the slurry state is adjusted to the above preferred range. There are no particular restrictions on the means of doing so, but as a general method,
- a part of the raw material powder is calcined in advance at 900 to 140 ° C for 1 to 20 hours to increase the particle size, and the powder that has not been calcined How to mix and use with
- the above method can be used alone, or two or more types can be appropriately combined as needed.
- the electrode supporting substrate of the present invention is obtained by subjecting the slurry composed of the ceramic raw material powder obtained above to a binder and a dispersion medium to a supporting plate or a carrier by a doctor blade method, a calendar method, an extrusion method, or the like. It is spread on a sheet to obtain an appropriate thickness, formed into a sheet, dried, and the dispersion medium is volatilized to obtain a green sheet, which is cut, punched, etc. After being adjusted to an appropriate size, it is placed on a porous setter on a shelf plate or sandwiched between sets, as disclosed in the reissued patent WO99 / 599336. In an air atmosphere, the temperature is 110 to 150 ° C. in the case of the anode electrode support substrate, and preferably 120 to 150 ° C. C, most preferably a method of heating and firing at about 125 to 140 for about 1 to 5 hours.
- porous setter a [N i] unit with high air permeability is used so that a large amount of gas derived from the binder and the pore-forming agent can be smoothly released during firing of the green sheet.
- a porous ceramic sheet production set made of a sheet-like ceramic body containing 0 to 90% by mass is suitably used.
- the sheet thickness should be 0.3 mm or more, more preferably 0.5, in order to satisfy the required strength and minimize the power loss. It is better to be not less than mm and not more than 3 mm, and more preferably not more than l mm.
- the burr height which is extremely important for preventing cracks and cracks when the electrode supporting substrate receives a laminating load or the like, is used when punching the green sheet into a predetermined size.
- the shape significantly changes depending on the shape of the cutting edge of the punching blade.
- a burr formed on a green sheet punching line is used as compared with the case of using a normal linear punching blade. It was confirmed that the height could be significantly reduced. The reason is considered as follows.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view illustrating a punching blade 1 preferably used in the present invention, in which a cutting edge 1a is formed in a saw-tooth shape.
- the cutting edge of the punching blade 1 should be such that the cutting edge that comes into contact with the green sheet surface at the beginning is as small as possible.
- 1a is formed as sharp as possible, and the cutting edge angle ⁇ ⁇ (meaning the angle of the corrugated cutting edge when the blade is viewed from the side) is 30 to 120 degrees, more preferably 45 degrees.
- the blade height h is 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 1 mm
- the pitch p is 0.2 to 7 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 4 mm. It is desirable to set it to the degree.
- a preferred sectional structure of the punching blade 1 is as shown in FIG. 6, and a blade angle ⁇ 2 (meaning a tip angle of a cross section in a thickness direction of the blade) is 20 to 70 degrees, more preferably 20 to 70 degrees. At 50 degrees, the blade thickness t is 0. The thickness is preferably from 3 to 1 mm, more preferably from 0.4 to 0.7 mm.
- the cutting structure in FIG. 7 for example, to glycidyl Nshi preparative G to be punched, Standing on Ri angle 0 [of G x side to be punched product (usually the inner circumferential side), truncation It is better to form the ⁇ angle than the rising angle 0 2 on the G ⁇ side (usually the outer peripheral side).
- ⁇ ! Preferred correct angle is 1 0-2 5 degrees of, Ri 1 0 - 2 0 degrees Dare rather still more preferably, 0 2 of the preferred correct angle 1 0-3 5 degrees, the preferred Ri good rather than 1 0 ⁇ 30 degrees.
- the cutting edge portion having the same pitch and the same shape is shown as a repetitive structure.
- the shape of the cutting edge portion and its repeating unit are not limited to the illustrated example, as long as the structure is suitable for suppressing burrs. Of course, it is also possible to change the shape, dimensions and the like appropriately.
- the punching blade 1 In punching, it is preferable to lower the punching blade 1 in the vertical direction as much as possible with respect to the green sheet surface.
- the durine sheet In this case, the durine sheet is sandwiched by a flexible support plate to prevent displacement. It is desirable to punch in a fixed state.
- FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 are schematic cross-sectional explanatory views illustrating the structure of a punching member ⁇ used in the present invention and a punching method using the punching member.
- the blade 1 is fixed, and a blade 4 made of soft rubber or the like is attached to the tip of the hard member 3.
- the blade 1 is used as long as the blade 4 is not deformed by compression. So that it does not protrude from the end surface of the wire (see Fig. 8)].
- the punching section is used in order to further secure the green sheet at the time of punching.
- the elastic plate 6 is also laminated on the upper surface of the hard plate 5 in the sheet supporting member B arranged to face the material A, the elastic plate 6 is not necessarily required.
- the green sheet G to be punched is placed on the supporting member B to perform the punching operation.
- the sheet supporting member B is pressed from the state shown in FIG.
- the punching member A is relatively approached from a substantially vertical direction toward the green sheet G placed above.
- the punching blade 1 provided on the punching member A is provided so as not to protrude from the front surface of the splashing plate 4, so that when the punching member A approaches the green sheet G as described above, The upper surface of the sheet G first comes into contact with the sprout plate 4, and the green sheet G is sandwiched from above and below by the sprout plate 4 and the elastic plate 6 (see FIG. 9).
- the sprung plate 4 made of a resilient material is compressed and deformed, and the punching blade 1 protrudes in the Darin sheet G direction.
- the spring 1 is elastically deformed by the spring plate 4 and is supported and fixed by being urged from both sides by the elastic force of the elastic plate 6 from the lower surface, and the blade 1 advances in this state. (See Fig. 10).
- the punching member A is retracted to retract the blade 1 from the green sheet G punching portion. Until the sheet is pulled out from the green sheet G, the holding force is maintained by the resilient force of the spring 4 and the elastic plate 6, and the punching blade 1 is released after the cutting blade 1 is pulled out. (See Fig. 11: In the figure, y indicates the punched part.)
- the punching and pulling out of the punching blade 1 as it advances and retreats is performed with the green sheet G temporarily held and fixed. This not only prevents the reduction of the punching dimensional accuracy due to the dent, but also suppresses the occurrence of burrs as much as possible.
- the height of burrs formed at the punched portion can be reduced.
- the green sheet which is a precursor of the electrode supporting substrate according to the present invention, contains a large amount of a pore-forming agent as necessary to secure a predetermined porosity, and is a dense sintered body.
- the burrs generated when punching to the specified dimensions are likely to be large.However, by using the above-described punching blade and punching method, the burrs can be reduced. It can be kept as small as possible.
- the protrusions should be made as small as possible. As described above, for both the maximum protrusion height and the maximum cell height,
- the burr height, the maximum protrusion height, and the maximum perimeter height are specified in terms of the ratio to the sheet thickness.These values tend to be relatively large as the sheet thickness increases. Because there is.
- the biggest cause of the protrusion is that when a granular foreign substance is present on a shelf plate or a setter used at the time of firing, it is placed on the shelf plate or setter. Dali placed This is presumably because the foreign matter is caught on the sheet, and uniform shrinkage while remaining flat is hindered.
- the biggest cause of swelling is that when the binders and pore-forming agents in the green sheet burn and burn off and sinter, the content is too large or when green sheets are over-fired. However, it is considered that this is caused by the fact that the combustion becomes difficult to progress evenly and the amount of decomposition and combustion per unit time varies, resulting in uneven generation of decomposition gas.
- the amount of shrinkage (approximately 10% to 30% in length) generated when firing the green sheet is larger at the periphery than at the center of the sheet. It is easy to occur on the periphery of the gate.
- the shelves used for baking should be sufficiently removed so that there is no attached or missing particles on the set.
- Specific measures for minimizing emissions include minimizing the use of binders and pore-forming agents, and ensuring that cracked gases from binders are evenly radiated.
- an effective method is to sandwich the porous sheet as a spacer between the green sheets and place a weighting spacer on the top to perform firing. It is mentioned as.
- an anode electrode or a thin film electrolyte is formed on one surface of the substrate.
- Gas-phase methods such as plasma spray method such as VSP, frame spray method, PVD (physical vapor deposition), magnetron sputtering method, electron beam PVD method; screen printing method, sol-gel method
- a wet electrode method such as a slurry coating method can be used as appropriate.
- the thickness of the anode electrode layer is usually 3 to 300 xm, preferably 5 to 300 xm. The thickness is adjusted to 100 m and the thickness of the electrolyte layer is usually 3 to 100 am, preferably 5 to 30 m.
- 8 mol% yttrium oxide stabilized zirconia powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 im and a 90 volume% diameter of 1. (hereinafter referred to as “8YSZ”) 40 mass% and nickel carbonate
- the powder was mixed with nickel oxide powder having an average particle size of 4.5 m and a particle size of 90% by volume and a particle size of 8 ⁇ m by 60% by mass to produce a mixed powder as a raw material.
- This slurry is formed into a sheet by the doctor blade method.
- a green sheet for a setter having a thickness of about 0.5 mm was prepared, cut into predetermined dimensions, and placed on a 2O mm-thick alumina shelf board to form a sheet.
- the mixture was fired at 5 ° C for 5 hours to obtain a porous set having a square of 17 cm on a side, a thickness of about 0.4 mm, and a porosity of 15%.
- 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia powder manufactured by Daiichi Tokimoto Co .; trade name “HSY_3.0”, particle size composition; 50 vol% diameter: 0.4 m, 90 vol % Diameter: 1.4111 (hereinafter referred to as “3YSZ”) was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 3 hours in an air atmosphere.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained slurry was measured with a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name “SALD-110”), and the frequency graph of the particle size distribution was observed. At this time, peaks were observed at two points in the section of 0.2 to 0.3 m and in the section of 4 to 5 m, and fine particles in the range of 0.2 to 2 mm and 3 to 50 ii m Range of The content ratio of the coarse particles in the box was 8 2/18.
- This slurry is placed in a vacuum defoaming machine, concentrated and defoamed to adjust the viscosity to 50 boise (25), and the anchor-type stirring blade immersed in the slurry is rotated at a rotation speed of 10 rpm. After rotating for 24 hours, finally pass through a 200-mesh filter and apply it to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by the doctor blade method. At that time, a green sheet with a thickness of about 0.59 mm was produced by adjusting the gap between the blades.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the cutting edge is corrugated (with Bruno sawtooth blade shape as shown in FIGS. 5-7, the cutting edge angle shed, but 6 0 °, alpha 2 is 4 5 °. 0 i 1 5 ., 0 2 3 0 °, blade width t is 0. 7 mm, using the blade height h l mm, the pitch p is 1. 1 mm for punching blade (manufactured by Nakayama paper containers materials Co.), FIG. It was punched into a square 15 cm on a side by the method shown in 8-11.
- the upper and lower sides of the punched substrate green sheet are sandwiched between the setters prepared above so that the peripheral edge of the green sheet does not protrude, and a 20 mm-thick shelf plate (trade name “Tokai High Heat Industry Co., Ltd., (Dialite DC-1M)) and baked at 130 ° C for 3 hours to form a square with a side of about 12.5 cm and a thickness of about 0.5 mm An electrode supporting substrate was obtained.
- a 20 mm-thick shelf plate trade name “Tokai High Heat Industry Co., Ltd., (Dialite DC-1M)
- a green sheet for an electrode supporting substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in the preparation of a green sheet for an electrode supporting substrate.
- a slurry whose viscosity had been adjusted was prepared in a boiling manner, and a slurry whose viscosity had not been adjusted was added to the slurry whose viscosity had been adjusted.
- 3 of the slurry whose viscosity has been adjusted It was added so that the total mass of the YSZ powder and the nickel oxide powder and the total mass of the 3 YSZ powder and the nickel oxide powder in the slurry whose viscosity had not been adjusted were the same.
- the mixed slurry was similarly adjusted to a viscosity of 50 voices (25 ° C) by degassing under reduced pressure, and the stirring blades in the slurry were rotated for 20 hours at a rotation speed of 12 rpm.
- the green sheet was held at room temperature while rotating, and sheet-formed using the obtained slurry for green sheet production to obtain a green sheet having a thickness of about 0.59 mm.
- Example 3 Thereafter, punching and sintering were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an electrode supporting substrate having a square shape of 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
- Example 3
- Example 4 In the preparation of the green sheet for electrode support substrate 1) in Example 1 above, the slurry was adjusted to a viscosity of 60 voise by degassing under reduced pressure, and the stirring blade was rotated at a rotation speed of 18 rpm. After holding at room temperature while rotating for 30 hours, a 0.35 mm-thick green sheet was prepared by adjusting the doctor blade interval. Thus, an electrode supporting substrate having a square of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.3 mm was obtained.
- Example 4 Example 4
- Example 5 1) 15 Parts by mass, 15 parts by mass of the powder not calcined, and nickel oxide (manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) Particle size composition: 50 volume% diameter: 0.8 m, 90 volume% diameter: 2.1 II m) 70 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass of corn starch (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.)
- a substrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15 parts by mass of a binder made of a methacrylic copolymer and 2 parts by mass of dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer were used as in Example 1 above.
- a green sheet was prepared, and punching and sintering were performed in the same manner to obtain an electrode support substrate having a square of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm. .
- Example 5 Example 5
- Example 6 In the preparation of 1) green sheet for electrode supporting substrate in Example 1 above, commercially available 3YSZ powder (the same as above) was calcined at 1200 ° C for 3 hours in an air atmosphere. 20 parts by mass of the powder, 10 parts by mass of the uncalcined powder and 70 parts by mass of nickel oxide (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co.), 10 parts by mass of corn starch (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co.) The same procedure as in Example 1 was repeated except that 15 parts by weight of a binder composed of the same methacrylic copolymer as in Example 1 and 2 parts by weight of dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer were used. A sheet was prepared, and punching and sintering were performed in the same manner to obtain an electrode supporting substrate having a square of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
- Example 6 Example 6
- Example 1 In the preparation of the green sheet for the electrode supporting substrate in Example 1 above, a commercially available 3YSZ powder (the same as above) was calcined at 120 for 3 hours in an air atmosphere. 5 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass of the above calcined powder and 70 parts by mass of nickel oxide (manufactured by Shodo Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added to corn starch (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- Example 1 20 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight of a binder composed of the same methacrylic copolymer used in Example 1, and 2 parts by weight of dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer Then, a green sheet for a substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and punching and sintering were performed in the same manner as described above to obtain a square having a side of about 12.5 cm and a thickness of about 12.5 cm. A 0.5 mm electrode support substrate was obtained. Comparative Example 1
- Example 1 after the viscosity was adjusted to 50 boises (25 ° C.), the slurry was immediately stirred into a filter of 200 mesh without being kept at room temperature. After that, the mixture was coated on a PET film by a doctor blade method, and a green sheet having a thickness of about 0.59 mm was prepared in the same manner. An electrode supporting substrate having a side of about 12.5 cm and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was manufactured. Comparative Example 2
- Example 1 after the viscosity was adjusted to 120 voices (25 ° C), the stirring blade was immersed in the slurry, and the stirring blade in the slurry was rotated at a rotation speed of 10 rpm for 10 hours. After rotating, pass through a 200-mesh filter and apply it to the PET film by the doctor blade method. An electrode supporting substrate having a square of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Comparative Example 3
- Example 1 of 1) above for producing a green sheet for an electrode support substrate The same material was used except that the commercially available 3 YSZ powder (previously used) was not used and the calcined powder at 1200 ° C was not used but the above-mentioned 40 YSZ powder (previously) 40 parts by mass was used. Then, the slurry was prepared in the same manner as in 1) of Example 1 except that the slurry was prepared by placing the mixture in a pole mill into which a zirconia pole having a diameter of 5 mm was charged and kneading the mixture at about 5 O rpm for 3 hours. A green sheet of 0.59 mm was produced, and an electrode supporting substrate having a square shape of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Comparative Example 4
- Example 1 1 3 YSZ powder was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 3 hours without using 3 YSZ powder (the same as above) in the preparation of a green sheet for an electrode support substrate.
- Parts by mass and calcined nickel oxide powder manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.
- particle size composition 50% by volume diameter: 17 / m, 90% by volume diameter
- the same material was used except that 60 parts by mass was used.
- the slurry was put into a pole mill equipped with 20 mm diameter alumina poles, kneaded at about 40 rpm for 10 hours, and the slurry was made.
- Example 5 Except for the preparation, a dari sheet having a thickness of about 0.59 mm was prepared in the same manner as in 1) of Example 1 described above, and further, as in Example 1 described above, about 1 A 0.5 cm square electrode support substrate with a thickness of about 0.5 mm was fabricated. Comparative Example 5
- Comparative Example 1 the aging condition of the slurry was changed to 2 rpm ⁇ 2 hours, and in the punching step of the green sheet for a substrate in 2), the blade edge was linear and the blade thickness t was 0.7 mm, edge angle alpha 2 is one side 1 5 cm square of using 4 5 ° pieces cutting edge (manufactured by Nakayama paper containers materials Co.) Except for punching out the shape, punching and firing were performed in exactly the same manner to produce an electrode support substrate. Comparative Example 6
- the electrode support substrate obtained above and having a square of about 12.5 cm on a side and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was attached to a ceramic grinding machine (manufactured by Malt Co., Ltd.) using a diamond cutter. It was cut into 16 squares with sides of 3 cm and used as breathable test pieces.
- the test piece was set in a gas permeability tester (Ketotech, trade name “KES-F8-AP1”) equipped with an auxiliary tool for holding the sample.
- This tester uses a plunger / cylinder piston movement to send a constant flow of air to the sample, discharge it into the atmosphere, and aspirate it. Pressure loss due to semiconductor
- the air resistance (reciprocal of air permeability) of the material can be read directly on a digital panel. Although the size of the sample is 3 cm square, the effective area is 2 cm square (area: 4 cm 2 ) because both ends need to be 0.5 mm for holding.
- An outline of the device is shown in Fig. 12 (where S is a sample, 11 is a compressor, 12 is a flow meter, and 13 is a differential pressure gauge).
- the porosity of the electrode support substrate obtained above is measured with an automatic porosimeter (trade name “Autopore 1119240” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the maximum roughness depth (Rmax) of the front and back of each electrode support substrate was measured using a laser-optical non-contact three-dimensional shape measuring device. (Product name “Micro Focus Expert UBM-14 type”, manufactured by UBM) at a pitch of 0.1 mm.
- burrs on the periphery of each support substrate, and protrusions and ridges on the surface are also measured.
- Each test board was placed on two alumina boards (Nitsukato Co., Ltd., trade name "SSA-Sl”) with smooth surfaces and parallelism on the alumina base plate. Then, with a load of 0.2 kg Z cm 2 applied to the entire surface of the substrate from above, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 1000 ° C over 10 hours, and 1 hour at 100 ° C. Repeat the operation of holding and then lowering the temperature to room temperature 10 times to determine the frequency of cracks and cracks. The presence or absence of cracks and cracks is determined visually. 5) Observation of cell printing interface
- 3 YSZ powder (as before) 50 parts by mass and nickel oxide (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) 50 parts by mass, turpentine 350 parts by mass, and ethyl cellulose 2 parts by mass as a binder were added to the planetary mill. The mixture was kneaded for 2 hours, and the resulting slurry was used as an anode paste.
- Lao S n Os powder (manufactured by Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts by mass, turpentine oil 350 parts by mass, and ethyl cellulose 2 parts by mass as a binder were added, and the mixture was kneaded with a planetary mill for 2 hours to obtain.
- the slurry was used as a power source paste.
- the anodic base is printed on one surface of the electrode supporting substrate by screen printing, dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and baked at 135 ° C. for 2 hours.
- an anode layer was provided on the electrode supporting substrate, and an electrode supporting substrate with an anode layer (AS-A) was manufactured.
- the above-mentioned electrolyte paste was printed on the anode layer of the electrode support substrate with an anode layer (AS-A) by screen printing, dried for 1 hour at 100 Ot :, and then dried at 135 for 2 hours. By baking for a time, the electrode supporting substrate is provided with an anode layer and an electrolyte layer. Hussel (AS—A—E) was prepared.
- the above-mentioned cathode base is printed on the electrolyte layer of this half cell by screen printing, dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and fired at 130 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, a cell (AS-AE-C) in which an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a force source layer were provided on an electrode supporting substrate was fabricated. The electrode area of the cell was about 121 cm 2 .
- an electrolyte membrane, an anode layer, and a force source layer are formed by screen printing to produce an anode-supported electrode support substrate (AS-A) and a half cell (AS-A-E).
- AS-A anode-supported electrode support substrate
- AS-A-E a half cell
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Example 3
- Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6 Calcined NiO / calcined 3YSZ / starch NiO / 3YSZ + calcined 3YSZ / starch NiO / 3YSZ + calcined 3YSZ / starch
- Support substrate thickness (mm) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
- Electrolyte / electrolyte interface Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Electrolyte thickness Almost uniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Power generation performance
- Comparative example 1 Comparative example 2 Comparative example 3 Comparative example 4 Comparative example 5 Comparative example 6 Crack occurrence frequency
- Electrolyte-electrolyte interface Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Partial peel Adhesion Adhesion Adhesion Electrolyte thickness Almost uniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Nonuniform Almost uniform Almost uniform Power generation performance
- the present invention is constituted as described above, and comprises a ceramic sheet having a suitable porosity, thickness and surface area.
- a ceramic sheet having a suitable porosity, thickness and surface area.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004506112A JP4580755B2 (ja) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池セル用電極支持基板およびその製法 |
CA002486931A CA2486931A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | Solid oxide type fuel cell-use electrode support substrate and production method therefor |
US10/515,227 US7351492B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | Solid oxide type fuel cell-use electrode support substrate and production method therefor |
EP03730535A EP1551071A4 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | ELECTRODE SUPPORT SUBSTRATE USED AS SOLID OXIDE TYPE FUEL CELL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME |
AU2003242351A AU2003242351B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | Solid oxide type fuel cell-use electrode support substrate and production method therefor |
US11/987,979 US20080118786A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2007-12-06 | Electrode support substrate for solid oxide type fuel cell, and process for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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---|---|---|---|
JP2002-147601 | 2002-05-22 | ||
JP2002-147602 | 2002-05-22 | ||
JP2002147601 | 2002-05-22 | ||
JP2002147602 | 2002-05-22 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/987,979 Continuation US20080118786A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2007-12-06 | Electrode support substrate for solid oxide type fuel cell, and process for producing the same |
Publications (1)
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WO2003098724A1 true WO2003098724A1 (fr) | 2003-11-27 |
Family
ID=29552342
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2003/006318 WO2003098724A1 (fr) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-05-21 | Substrat support d'electrode utilise comme pile a combustible de type oxyde solide et son procede de production |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7351492B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1551071A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4580755B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003242351B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2486931A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003098724A1 (ja) |
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JP2005327512A (ja) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-24 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 固体酸化物形燃料電池用アノード支持基板およびその製法 |
EP1750317A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-02-07 | Nippon Shokubai Co.,Ltd. | Anode supporting substrate for solid oxide fuel cell and process for producing the same |
EP1750317A4 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-10-31 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Anode support substrate for a solid oxide fuel cell and manufacturing process therefor |
WO2006092912A1 (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-09-08 | The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated | 固体酸化物形燃料電池用セル及び固体酸化物形燃料電池用セルの製造方法 |
JP2006290707A (ja) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-26 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ジルコニア系グリーンシート、ジルコニア系シートおよびその製法 |
JP4551806B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-14 | 2010-09-29 | 株式会社日本触媒 | ジルコニア系グリーンシート、ジルコニア系シートおよびその製法 |
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JP2012209266A (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co Ltd | 金属酸化物−イットリア安定化ジルコニア複合体を含む固体酸化物燃料電池 |
JP2012204149A (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | アノード支持型ハーフセル及びこれを用いたアノード支持型セル |
JP2013143189A (ja) * | 2012-01-06 | 2013-07-22 | Noritake Co Ltd | 電極形成材料とこれにより形成されるグリーンシート、多孔質電極および固体酸化物形燃料電池ならびに固体酸化物形燃料電池の製造方法 |
JP2014127382A (ja) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池用セパレータの歪み検出方法と歪み検出装置 |
KR101813346B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-28 | 2017-12-28 | 다나카 기킨조쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 가스 센서 전극 형성용 금속 페이스트 |
JP2016195116A (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アノード支持型ハーフセル及びこれを用いたアノード支持型セル |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050142431A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
CA2486931A1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
AU2003242351B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
JPWO2003098724A1 (ja) | 2005-09-22 |
US7351492B2 (en) | 2008-04-01 |
JP4580755B2 (ja) | 2010-11-17 |
EP1551071A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
US20080118786A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
AU2003242351A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 |
EP1551071A4 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
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