TRIANGULAR STACKABLE BUILDING WALL MODULE & METHOD
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention:
5 This invention relates to the building construction industry and more particularly
to a triangular stackable building wall module which can be stacked with a plurality of
identically formed modules to form a building wall.
2. Description of Prior Art and Objects:
Building walls are typically constructed with a f ame comprising a pair of upper
ID and lower parallel beams spanned by a plurality of vertical, horizontally spaced apart
studs. The individual frame components are delivered to the construction site where
they are assembled. Thereafter, holes are drilled through the studs and the horizontal
beams for receipt of wiring and plumbing. The inner edges of the studs are covered by
interior panels such as wall board and the exterior edges of the studs are covered by
ID exterior sheeting or paneling and siding or brick. Frequently, insulation fills the voids
between the studs.
One of the problems with this prior art construction is the relative ease with
which a fire can spread upwardly between the studs in the elongate vertical cavities
formed by the studs and the beams. Once a fire starts in the inside of the prior art wall,
it is easy for an upward draft to quickly upwardly propel the fire to the upper portions
of the building. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new
and novel building unit which would inhibit the upward spreading of a fire in the wall
of a building.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a building wall of the type
described for encapsulating a fire in the wall and intøbiting it from quickly upwardly
spreading from a lower portion of the building to the top of the building.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a building wall unit of
the type described which will restrict the open airways which extend between the sill
plate and the header in a building.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and novel building
wall unit which will increase the fire rating of a building compared to the conventional
construction.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and novel building
wall module which will increase the fire rating of a building wall of predetermined
dimensions compared to a prior art wall of similar dimensions by decreasing the
upward spreading of an inadvertent fire in the wall.
Although prefabricated buildings are becoming more popular, a substantial
number of buildings are still constructed with the individual wall components being
delivered to the site and assembled at the site. This allows the building components to
be subjected to the elements. This construction technique requires the workmen to
work in the elements and is considered by many to be very inefficient. Accordingly, it
is another object of the present invention to provide a new and novel building wall
framing module which can either be shipped to the site for assembly at the site or can
be easily used to prefabricate a wall section that is shipped to the site.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a modular building unit
of the type described which is self contained and includes provisions for the pre-
installation and prefabrication of the insulation, wiring and plumbing and inner and
outer panels which can be joined with other similarly constructed units to quickly and
easily form a building wall.
Currently, the construction of a building with individual components delivered
to a building site typically includes skilled carpenters who are relatively highly paid.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide anew and novel module
for constructing a building which will decrease the skill level required to assemble the
building modules utilized to form a building wall.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a multi-sided hollow
building wall unit which can be stacked with a plurality of identical units to form a
building wall.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a multi-sided hollow
building wall module including three panels each having a long edge and a short edge
with the short edges being coupled together.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a triangularly shaped
building wall unit having three angularly related panels having inner and outer surfaces
and coupled together along their shorter edges to form a stackable unit which can be
stacked with the exterior surfaces of the units in abutting relation.
The load bearing capabilities of a wall is always of importance. In many
commercial building, steel roof systems are employed. The prior art studs typicaUy
comprise 2" x 4" or 2" x 6" wood or metal vertical load bearing unit. Metal studs
typically include a C-shaped panel that has a tendency to twist about its longitudinal
axis. Such C-shaped studs also bow, are hard to work with and are not highly fire
rated. Such C-shaped studs have relatively low load bearing strength. Typically,
masonry walls are required to provide sufficient load bearing characteristics to support
such roof systems. Accordingly, it is yet another object of the present invention to
provide a new and novel building wall unit which can be assembled with other
identical units to increase the load bearing characteristics of a building wall constructed
with individual assembled building components.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a modular building wall
module which can be stacked with other similar building wall modules to provide a
strong construction having a substantial load bearing characteristic.
It has been found, according to the present invention, that a wall constructed of
triangularly shaped building wall units, that the vertical load bearing capabilities of the
wall is greatly increased compared to conventional construction. Accordingly, it is
another object of the present invention to provide a new and novel building wall unit
for building a building wall which will have increased load bearing capabilities.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a triangularly shaped
building wall unit which can be stacked atop other identically formed building wall
units in a vertical plane to form a vertical building wall.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a triangularly shaped
building wall unit which includes three panels having interior and exterior surfaces
with the exterior surfaces of adjacent panels disposed in abutting relation.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide alignment members
on each building unit for aiding the proper alignment of adjacent units in a wall built
by unskilled workers.
Although the adjacent abutting surfaces of the triangularly shaped modules
could be coupled together with screws, nails, rivets and other such fasteners to
preclude their relative shifting, applicant's preferred embodiment includes a female
recess in at least one of the three panels for receiving a complementally formed key for
coupling to an adjacent module. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
provide a new and novel triangularly shaped building module of the type described
which includes a new and novel keyway for receiving a key to preclude lateral shifting
of stacked modules out of the plane of the wall.
Another object of the present invention. is to provide a triangularly shaped
building wall module of the type described which includes a female recess in at least
one of the three legs and a complementally formed male projection in another of the
three legs for being received in the female recess in the abutting leg of an adjacent
stacked module to preclude relative lateral shifting of the modules stacked together to
form a wall.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a stackable triangular
building wall unit of the type described wherein the apparatus for precluding relative
shifting of the units comprises an elongated slot extending between the short ends of at
least one of the panels and a complementally formed elongate rib in the exterior face of
another of the panels.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and novel method
of constructing a building wall.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and novel method
of constructing a building wall.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and novel building
wall constructed with a plurality of triangularly shaped stackable modules with the
outer faces of adjacent panels disposed in abutting relation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and novel method of
constructing a planar building wall with triangularly shaped building units stacked
having exterior faces in abutting relation.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a new and novel
triangularly shaped stackable building wall unit of the type described which has
increased strength and yet is aesthetically pleasing, durable and economical to
assemble.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and novel triangular
shaped prefabricated stackable building wall unit of the type described including
prefabricated provisions for electrical, telecommunications, plumbing, heating, venting
and air conditioning roughed in for future typical field applications.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a prefabricated triangular
building wall finished component that can be stacked with other similar building wall
finished components to form a finished planar building wall.
Various patents have disclosed multi-sided elongate beams which are not
stacked to form a wall such as that disclosed in the following patents:
U.S. Patent No. Date of Issue Inventor
2,082,792 June 7, 1937 A. G. Dean
2,192,994 March 19, 1947 F. Weever
5,379,567 June 10, 1995 Michael Vahey
PCT International
Publication No. W088/05850 August 11, 1988 Freeman, et al
These and other objects of the present invention will become more readily
apparent as the description thereof proceeds:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A stackable building wall module adapted to be stacked with a plurality of
identical, building wall modules to form a planar wall, each module comprising: three
sheets each including a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges which are
substantially shorter than the long edges; each of the short edges of each of the sheets
joined to one of the short edges of the two other sheets to form a triangular, stackable
building wall unit which can be stacked with other units with the outside surfaces of
the sheets of adjacent units in abutting relation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other advantage of the present invention may be more readily
understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a triangularly shaped building wall module
constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view thereof;
Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional end view of the base leg, taken along the section
line 3-3 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3 A is an enlarged sectional end view of one of the upwardly converging
legs of the module, taken along the section line 3A-3A of Fig. 2;
Fig. 3B is an enlarged vertical sectional end view taken along the section line
3B-3B of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a side elevational view illustrating a plurality of triangularly shaped
building modules of different vertical dimensions being stacked atop one another to
form a prefabricated building wall section;
Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional end view, taken along the section line 5-5 of Fig.4;
Fig.6 is a greatly enlarged sectional end view illustrating one of the keyways for
aligning and precluding relative shifting of adjacent stacked modular units, taken along
the section line 6-6 of Fig. 5;
Fig.6A is an under plan partial view illustrating a portion of the keyway trough
in the base of one of the assembled modules, taken along the line section 6A-6A of
Fig. 3;
Fig. 6B is a greatly enlarged sectional end view similar to Fig. 6 illustrating
adjacent panels of adjacent units bonded together with water proofing adhesive
material disposed therebetween;
Fig.7 is an enlarged sectional plan view, taken along the line section 7-7 of Fig.
4, illustrating a corner column only configured to receive the vertically aligned edges
of the endmost modules of a pair of transversely disposed wall sections constructed
according to the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view, taken along the section line 8-8 of Fig. 4,
illustrating an end column typically utilized to couple the modular units illustrated in
Fig. 4 to a similarly constructed in-line unit;
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating another slightly modified triangular
stackable building module constructed according to a slightly modified embodiment;
Fig. 10 is a side elevational view of the module illustrated in Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional end view, taken along the section line 11-11 of
the base leg of the module illustrated in Fig. 10;
Fig. 12 is a greatly enlarged sectional end view, similarto Fig.6, illustrating two
of abutting panels of two of the adjacent modules, illustrated in Figs. 9-11, stacked
together to form a vertical wall;
Fig. 13 is a sectional end view similarto Fig. 12 illustrating stacked modules
having panels with a slightly modified cross section;
Fig. 14 is a sectional end view similar to Fig. 12 illustrating a further slightly
modified cross section;
Fig. 15 is a sectional end view similar to Fig. 12 illustrating another slightly
modified cross section;
Fig. 16 is a sectional end view, similar o Fig. 3B, illustrating a further slightly
modified above grade wall section which includes the module illustrated in Figs. 10-12
including prefabricated rough in for plumbing, heating, ventilation, air conditioning
and insulation and also includes a layer of exterior sheathing; and
Fig. 17 is a vertical sectional end view, similar to Fig. 16, illustrating a below
grade prefabricated slightly modified wall section for use in the construction of
basements.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A triangularly shaped, stackable building wall unit or module, generally
designated 10, constructed according to the present invention, includes three identically
shaped panels 12, 14 and 16 which basically have the same outer dimensions and are
arranged in a triangular formation and coupled together at the apices of the triangle as
illustrated. Each of the panels 12, 14, and 16 is basically C-shaped in cross-section as
illustrated in Figs. 3, 5 and 6 and includes a rectangular sheet 18, which is generally
planar, and a pair of spaced apart parallel long edges 20 and 22 spanned by parallel,
spaced apart, laterally extending short edges 24 and 26 which are substantially shorter
than the long edges 20 and 22. Each sheet 18 includes inner and outer surfaces 19 and
21 , respectively, spanning the edges 20, 22, 24 and 26. The short edges 24 and 26 of
each sheet 18 are welded or otherwise suitably fixed to the abutting short edges 26 and
24 of the adjacent sheets.
Projecting transversely inwardly to the plane of each sheet 18 are elongate
transverse inner and outer parallel flanges 28 and 30, integral with the long edges 20
and 22, respectively, including offset confronting terminal ends 32 and 34,
respectively. As illustrated in Fig.2, the overall height 31 of the module 10 between
the outer surface 21 of base panel 16 and the upper outer edge of the junction of panels
12 and 14 is at least twice the width 38 (Fig. 6A) of each short panel edge 24 and 26.
The transverse flanges 28 and 30 of each panel 12, 14 and 16 are in the planes of the
transverse flanges 28 and 30, respectively, of the adjacent panels 12, 14 and 16.
The building wall modules or units 10, which may vary in size, are stacked atop
each other, as illustrated in Fig. 4, to complete a modular above grade wall section,
generally designated 36, that can be prefabricated "in-house" and shipped to a remote
building site.
The building wall module 10 may be constructed from various materials
including aluminum, galvanized or stainless steel or integrally molded carbon fiber,
plastic or graphite.
Aligning and stabilizing members, generally designated 40, are provided to
assist in properly aligning the modules 10 with adjacent modules 10 and for inhibiting
relative shifting of the modules 10 for example, in the direction of the arrow 42. The
alignment and stabilizing members 40 include an elongate V-shaped female trough 46
formed in the exterior surface 21 in at least one of the panels 12, 14 and 16, such as
that illustrated in the base 16 (Figs. 1 and 3), and a complementally formed elongate
male rib, generally designated 48, projecting outwardly from the exterior surface 21 of
at least one of the other two legs of the triangle such as that illustrated in upwardly
converging panels 12 and 14 in Figs. 1 and 2. The embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1-3
is particularly attractive for assembly into a wall section at the building site as the
aligning and stabilizing members 40 facilitate accurate alignment by relatively
unskilled workers.
It should be understood that all three of the panels 12, 14 and 16 could include
either a male rib 48 or a female trough 46 depending upon the particular construction
but typically most of the units would include two male ribs 48 and one female trough
46 or two female troughs 46 and one male rib 48. The troughs or keyways 46 in the
various units 1 illustrated in Fig. 4 have been designated with a reference character
"F" for a female trough 46 or an "M" for a male rib 48 to illustrate the relationship of
the various assembled adjoining modules 10.
Each female trough 46 is defined by inwardly converging sheet portions 45 and
47 spanning the short edges 24 and 26 of panel 16 and each male rib 48 is defined by
outwardly converging sheet portions 50 and 52 spanning the short edges 24 and 26 of
panels 12 and 14. The shape of the rib 48 is formed complemental to the shape of the
trough 46 and is readily receivable therein to easily and accurately orient the adjacent
modules 10 when they are being assembled and to inhibit relative movement or lateral
shifting thereof. The outwardly diverging sheet portions 50 and 52, which define the
male rib 48, will guide along the inwardly converging sheet portions 45 and 47
defining the female trough 46 of an adjacent unit to allow an unskilled worker to
quickly and easily assemble the units 10 into a building wall section 36, as illustrated
in Fig. 4, lying in a vertical plane 44 (Fig. 5). When the modular wall section 36 is
constructed as illustrated in Fig.4, the cooperating male and female ribs and troughs 48
and 46, respectively, will inhibit relative lateral movement out of the vertical plane 44.
Each of the building units 10 can be prefabricated with a layer of heat transfer
insulation 49 (Fig. 5) spanning the laterally outer portions 51, of the interior surfaces
19 of the sheets 18. A plurality of wire receiving apertures 53, which can vary in size,
are provided through the laterally inner portions 55 of sheets 18 for receiving wire,
plumbing pipes, or heating, ventilating and air conditioning ducts. If desired, the unit
10 can be prefabricated with hollow tubes (now shown) that can be disposed in the
apertures 53 to receive either wire or plumbing. An exterior layer or sheathing,
generally designated 57, is disposed on the outer sides of exterior flanges 28. The
sheathing layer 57 may comprise exterior plywood and/or brick veneer or other
exterior siding.
Before the units are stacked with the ribs 48 snugly received in the adjoining
adjacent troughs 46, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, an asphalt based wateφroof
membrane 54 may be disposed between adjacent abutting interior surfaces 21 as
illustrated in Fig. 6, to preclude the laterally inward passage of rain and/or air
therebetween in the direction of the arrow 42. If desired, the abutting exterior surfaces
21 of abutting sheets 18 may be coated with an adhesive layer 54 (Fig.6B) to bond the
abutting sheets 18 of adjacent modules 10 together and preclude the lateral passage of
rain and air therebetween. Such wateφroof epoxy adhesive cement, or bonding agent
may be that sold under the trademark SCOTCH- WELD® EPOXY ADHESIVE DT-90
by 3M, Minneapolis, Minnesota, or the acrylic adhesive for metals and plastics sold
under the trademark "202" by the Lord Coφoration, 2000 West Grand View Blvd.,
Erie, Pennsylvania 16509. If desired, the abutting sheets 18 could be mechanically
fastened with bolts and nuts, tech screws, or suitable welding.
The modules 10 can be stacked in the condition illustrated in Fig. 1 or
prefabricated with pre-wiring, pre-plumbing, insulation, and the outer covering
complete as illustrated in Fig. 5. If desired, an interior vertical panel, such as drywall,
could also be mounted to the laterally inner flanges 28 of the legs 12, 14 and 16.
The modules 10 can be stacked atop a sill plate 56 (Fig. 5) mounted atop a
building foundation 64. The elongate sill plate has a planar section 58 with an
upwardly projecting, elongate male rib 60 thereon. The front outer edge of the sill
plate 56 also includes a depending vertical, flange 62 disposed on the outside of the
building foundation 64.
If desired, the wall section 36 is illustrated to include three vertically abutting
rows 66, 67 and 69 of triangular modules 10. The base of each unit in the bottom row
66 of the building units 10 will have a female trough 46 for receiving the male rib 60 in
the sill plate 62.
One end of the wall section 36, illustrated at the right side of Fig.4, includes a
vertically disposed, hollow end coupling column 68 (Fig.8) for joining the wall section
36 to an adjacent in-line wall section 36 (not shown) at the building site. The opposite
end of each modular prefabricated building wall section 36 can include a similar
vertical column 68 but is illustrated as including a vertically disposed hollow corner
coupling column 70 (Fig. 7) for coupling the wall section 36 to another transversely
disposed wall section 36 (not shown) at the building site. It should be realized that a
vertical in-line column 68 could likewisely be used instead of column 70 if each end is
to be coupled to an adjacent in line wall section 36 in the plane 44. The in-line column
68, which is rectangular in cross-section, includes vertical side walls 69 spanned by
vertical end walls 71 having vertically disposed troughs 72 and 74. The trough 72
receives the vertically aligned male projections or ribs 48 on the endmost units 10
located on the right hand edge of each of the units 10 illustrated in Fig.4. The trough
74 would receive the upstanding, endmost male ribs 48 of an adjacent wall section 36
(not shown) to be coupled thereto.
The corner column 70 which is rectangular in cross-section, similarly includes
vertical side walls 73 and 75 spanned by integral end walls 77 and 79. The innermost
end wall 74 includes a vertical trough 76 for receiving the endmost vertically aligned
male ribs 48 located at the left hand side of each of the modules 10 illustrated in Fig.4.
Only the sidewall 77 includes offset trough 78 which will be utilized to couple the
wall section 36 to a second transverse wall section (not shown) which is transverse to
plane 44 the wall section 36 illustrated in Fig.4.
The wall section 36 includes a header, generally designated 80, spanning the
upper ends of the columns 68 and 70. The header 80 includes (Fig.5) a planar section
82 provided with a downwardly projecting male elongate rib 84 for receiving female
troughs in the base 16 of each of the uppermost units 10 in the uppermost row 69 of
units as illustrated in Fig.4. If desired, rather than inserting wateφroof membrane 54
between the adjacent units, a layer of wateφroof cement 54 or acrylic adhesive (Fig.
6B), such as that sold under the trademarks SCOTCH-WELD® EPOXY ADHESIVE
DT-90 by 3M, Minneapolis, Minnesota, or "202" by the Lord Coφoration, may be
utilized to preclude moisture and air from passing between the adjacent abutting
surfaces 21 of adjacent units. Also, for certain uses and/or in certain climates, the
wateφroofing membrane 54 or 54A may be eliminated. If desired, the adjacent units
may be mechanically fastened as outlined hereinbefore.
If the wall section 36 is prefabricated the columns 68 and 70, the header 80, and
the sill plate 56 are welded or otherwise suitably coupled together "in-house" to
facilitate shipping. If the modules 10 are individually shipped to the building site, the
wall section 36 is assembled at the building site. If desired, an additional sell plate (not
shown) and header could be mounted atop the foundation 64 and the header 80 (not
shown) to span several prefabricated in-line wall sections 36.
THE METHOD
A plurality of triangularly shaped stackable building wall modules or units, such
as that illustrated at 10 in Figs. 1-3, constructed and stacked together as illustrated in
Figs.4 and 5 with the male ribs 48 received by the female troughs 46 of the adjacent
abutting units 10. The modules 10 are stacked in the vertical plane 44 to provide an
upstanding wall section 36.
The wall section 36 can be prefabricated in-house and shipped to the building
site or shipped as individual components which are assembled at the building site as
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. Although only three different size modules 10 are
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, it should be realized that any number of various size
triangular modules 10 could be assembled in various relationships depending upon the
particular application.
The modules 10 can be prefabricated with the insulation layer 49, interior panels
(not shown) exterior sheathing 57, and appropriate heating and ventilating ducts, and
openings 53 for receiving wiring and plumbing pipes
The exterior panels are selected and constructed so as to complementally mate
with similar parts on an adjacent module 10 to provide internal joints that can be
mudded and taped as in any conventional drywall construction. Likewise, the exterior
sheathing 57 will complementally mate with the sheatJiing 57 to provide a smooth
exterior building surface. The apertures 53 can be pre-engineered and located so as to
be in alignment with the apertures 53 of an adjacent module 10.
The modules 10 are quickly and easily aligned in the plane 44 via the
complementally formed troughs 46 and male ribs 60 which also inhibit relative shifting
of the stacking modules 10. The outer abutting faces or surfaces 21 provide a
relatively large bearing area which will support a substantial load.
The modules 10 can be cast or molded from carbon, plastic or graphite or
assembled from individual panels 12, 14 and 16 which are welded at their abutting
short ends 24 and 26.
MODIFIED EMBODIMENT
Referring now more particularly to Figs.9, 10, 11 , a slightly modified stabilizing
triangularly shaped stackable building wall unit, generally designated 10 A, is
illustrated and generally similar parts will be referred to by generally similar reference
characters followed by the letter subscript A. The module 10 A differs from the module
1 in that the planar sheet 18A does not include the aligning and stabilizing members
40 which have the female trough 46 and the male rib 48 for aligning the modules and
preventing lateral shifting. This embodiment is more likely to be assembled "inhouse"
into a wall section which is then sent to a building site. The cross section of each
individual sheet 18A is illustrated in Fig. 11 and the cross section of the abutting sheets
18A of adjacent modules 10A is illustrated in Fig. 12. If desired, an epoxy layer 54A
is sprayed on the confronting exterior surfaces 21 A to bond the adjacent units 10A
together.
It should be realized that the sheets 18 and 18A could be formed in cross
sections such as that illustrated in Figs. 13, 14, 15 to include curvilinear ribs and
grooves 18B (Fig. 13), trapezoidally shaped ribs and grooves 18C (Fig. 14), or doubled
V grooves and ribs 18D (Fig. 18D).
The module 10A further differs in that hollow tubes or pipes 59 are received by
apertures 53 A and welded or otherwise fixed to the sheets 18A of adjacent legs 12A,
14Aand 16A. The pipes 59 can be of differing widths than that illustrated and aligned
with the openings 53 A and pipes 59 in an adjacent unit to provide wire, plumbing, or
heating, ventilating and air conditioning ducts.
ANOTHER MODIFIED EMBODIMENT
Referring now more particularly to Fig. 16, another slightly modified
construction, generally designated 10E, is illustrated and generally similar parts will be
identified by generally similar reference characters followed by the letter subscript E.
The unit 10E differs in that each unit 18E includes a plurality of apertures, generally
designated 53E, which receive hollow conduits 59E, to provide wiring, plumbing pipes
or heating, ventilation and/or air conditioning ducts. A layer of heat insulation 49E is
disposed along the outer portion 5 IE of the section 18E.
The conduits 59E will be received in the apertures 53E and will serve as
conduits for the passage of wiring between the openings 53E and abutting members
18E.
YET ANOTHER EMBODIMENT
Referring now more particularly to Fig. 17, yet another slightly modified
embodiment 10F is illustrated and similar parts are identified by similar reference
characters followed by the letter subscript F. The module 10F does not include
keyways or apertures in the sheets 18F nor pipes spanning the sheets 18F. The unit
1 OF is a below grade unit and includes a layer 49F of heat insulation which spans the
entire interior surfaces 19E and substantially envelopes the entire inside of the unit
10F. The unit 10F is illustrated as including a layer of wallboard 95 mounted on the
laterally inner flanges 28F.
It is to be understood that the drawings and descriptive matter are in all cases to
be inteφreted as merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, rather than as
limiting the same in any way, since it is contemplated that various changes may be
made in various elements to achieve like results without departing from the spirit of the
invention or the scope of the appended claims.